Prasanna

MP Board Class 9th Maths Solutions Chapter 1 संख्या पद्धति Ex 1.5

प्रश्न 1.
बताइए नीचे दी गई संख्याओं में कौन-कौन परिमेय हैं और कौन-कौन अपरिमेय हैं:

उत्तर:
परिमेय संख्याएँ : (ii) और (iii)
अपरिमेय संख्याएँ : (i), (iv) और (v).

प्रश्न 2.
निम्नलिखित व्यंजकों में से प्रत्येक व्यंजक को सरल कीजिए:
(i) (3 + √3) (2 + √2) (2019)
(ii) (3 + √3) (3 – √3)
(iii) (√5 + √2)²
(iv) (√5 – √2)(√5 + √2)
हल:
(i) (3+ √3) (2 + √2) = 3 x 2 + 3√2 + 2√3 + √3 x √2
= 6 + 3√2 + 2√3 + √6.

(ii) (3 + √3) (3 – √3) = (√3)² – (√3)²
= 9 – 3 = 6.

(iii) (5 + √2) = (√5)² + 2(√5) (√2) + (√2)²
= 5+ 2√10 + 2 = 7 + 2√10.

(iv) (√5 – √2) (√5 + √2) = (√5)² – (√2)² = 5 – 2 = 3.

प्रश्न 3.
अपको याद होगा कि π को एक वृत्त की परिधि (मान लीजिए c) और उसके व्यास (मान लीजिए d) के अनुपात से परिभाषित किया जाता है, अर्थात् π = \(\frac { c }{ d }\) है। यह इस तथ्य का अन्तर्विरोध करता हुआ प्रतीत होता है कि अपरिमेय है। इस अन्तर्विरोध का निराकरण आप किस प्रकार करेंगे?
उत्तर:
जब हम किसी भी युक्ति द्वारा किसी लम्बाई का मापन करते हैं तब हमको केवल सन्निकट परिमेय मान प्राप्त होता है। अत: हम यह अनुभव नहीं कर पाते हैं कि c या d परिमेय है या अपरिमेय इसलिए कोई अन्तर्विरोध नहीं है।

प्रश्न 4.
संख्या रेखा \(\sqrt { 9.3 }\) को निरूपित कीजिए।
हल:

अतः बिन्दु E संख्या रेखा पर अभीष्ट \(\sqrt { 9.3 }\) बिन्दु है। यहाँ AB संख्या रेखा है तथा B शून्य बिन्दु है।

प्रश्न 5.
निम्नलिखित के हरों का परिमेयीकरण कीजिए :

हल:

MP Board Class 9th Maths Solutions

MP Board Class 9th Maths Solutions Chapter 1 संख्या पद्धति Ex 1.4

प्रश्न 1.
उत्तरोत्तर आवर्धन करके संख्या रेखा पर 3.765 को देखिए।
हल:

अत: अभीष्ट संख्या 3.765 संख्या रेखा पर चित्र 1.2 (c) में बिन्दु ‘x’ द्वारा प्रदर्शित है।

प्रश्न 2.
4 दशमलव स्थानों तक संख्या रेखा पर \(4.\overline { 26 }\) को देखिए।
हल:

अतः अभीष्ट संख्या \(4.\overline { 26 }\)…. दशमलव के चार अंकों तक संख्या रेखा चित्र 1.3 (d) में बिन्दु x द्वारा प्रदर्शित है।

MP Board Class 9th Maths Solutions

MP Board Class 9th Maths Solutions Chapter 1 संख्या पद्धति Ex 1.3

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित भिन्नों को दशमलव रूप में लिखिए और बताइए कि प्रत्येक का दशमलव प्रसार किस प्रकार का है:

उत्तर:
(i) 0.36 – सांत
(ii) 0.090909 …… = \(0.\overline { 09 }\) – अनवसानी पुनरावर्ती
(iii) 4.125 – सांत
(iv) 0.230769230769…. = \(0.\overline { 230769 }\) – अनवसानी पुनरावर्ती
(v) 0.181818 ….. = \(0.\overline { 18 }\) – अनवसानी पुनरावर्ती
(vi) 0.8225 – सांत

प्रश्न 2.
आप जानते हैं कि \(\frac { 1 }{ 7 }\) = \(0.\overline { 142857 }\) है। वास्तव में, लम्बा भाग दिए बिना क्या आप यह बता
सकते हैं कि के \(\frac{2}{7}, \frac{3}{7}, \frac{4}{7}, \frac{5}{7}, \frac{6}{7}\) दशमलव प्रसार क्या हैं ? यदि हाँ तो कैसे ?
हल:
हाँ, हम बता सकते हैं

प्रश्न 3.
निम्नलिखित को p/q के रूप में व्यक्त कीजिए, जहाँ p और q पूर्णांक हैं तथा q ≠ 0 है:
(i) \(0.\overline { 6 }\)
(ii) \(0.4\overline { 7 }\)
(ii) \(0.\overline { 001 }\).
हल:
(i) \(0.\overline { 6 }\) = 0.6666….. = x (मान लीजिए)
⇒ 10x = 6.6666…. . = 6 + 0.6666 ….. = 6 + x
⇒ 10x – x = 6 ⇒ 9x = 6 = x = \(\frac { 6 }{ 9 }\) = \(\frac { 2 }{ 3 }\)
अतः \(0.\overline { 6 }\) का अभीष्ट \(\frac { p }{ q }\) रूप = \(\frac { 2 }{ 3 }\).

(ii) \(0.4\overline { 7 }\) = 0.4777….. = x (मान लीजिए)
⇒ 10x = 4.7777….. = 4.3 + 0.4777 = 4.3 +x
⇒ \(10 x-x=4 \cdot 3 \Rightarrow 9 x=4 \cdot 3 \Rightarrow x=\frac{4 \cdot 3}{9}=\frac{43}{90}\)
अतः \(0.4\overline { 7 }\) का अभीष्ट p/q रूप = \(\frac { 43 }{ 90 }\).

(iii) \(0.\overline { 001 }\) = 0.001 001 001 ….. = x (मान लीजिए)
⇒ 1000x = 1.001 001 001 …. = 1 + 0.001001001 …. = 1 + x
⇒ 1000x – x = 1 ⇒ 999x = 1 ⇒ x = \(\frac { 1 }{ 999 }\)
अतः \(0.\overline { 001 }\) का अभीष्ट p/q रूप= \(\frac { 1 }{ 999 }\).

प्रश्न 4.
0.99999 ….. को plq के रूप में व्यक्त कीजिए। क्या आप अपने उत्तर से चकित हैं ? अपने अध्यापक और कक्षा के सहयोगियों के साथ उत्तर की सार्थकता पर चर्चा कीजिए।
हल:
0.99999 …… = x (मान लीजिए)
⇒ 10x = 9.99999….. = 9 + 0.99999….. = 9 + x
⇒ 10x – x = 9 ⇒ 9x = 9 ⇒ x = 1
अतः 0.99999….. का अभीष्ट p/q रूप = 1.

प्रश्न 5.
\(\frac { 1 }{ 17 }\) के दशमलव प्रसार में अंकों के पुनरावर्ती खण्ड में अंकों की अधिकतम संख्या क्या हो सकती है ? अपने उत्तर की जाँच के लिए विभाजन क्रिया कीजिए।
उत्तर:
सोलह (16) अर्थात् \(0.\overline { 0588235294117647 }\)
[निर्देश: विभाजन क्रिया छात्र स्वयं करें।]

प्रश्न 6.
p/q(q ≠ 0) के रूप की परिमेय संख्याओं के अनेक उदाहरण लीजिए; जहाँ p और q पूर्णांक हैं जिनका 1 के अतिरिक्त अन्य कोई उभयनिष्ठ गुणनखण्ड नहीं हैं और जिसका सात दशमलव निरूपण (प्रसार) है। क्या आप यह अनुमान लगा सकते हैं कि q को कौन-सा गुण अवश्य सन्तुष्ट करना चाहिए ?
उत्तर:
अभीष्ट उदाहरण है:
\(\frac { 3 }{ 5 }\) = 1.5, \(\frac { 5 }{ 4 }\) = 1.25, \(\frac { 4 }{ 5 }\) = 0.8, \(\frac { 3 }{ 25 }\) = 0.12, \(\frac { 7 }{ 10 }\) = 0.7, \(\frac { 11 }{ 110 }\) = 0.11 …..
हाँ, q के अभाज्य गुणनखण्डों में 2 की घात या 5 की घात अथवा दोनों की धातें होती हैं।

प्रश्न 7.
ऐसी तीन संख्याएँ लिखिए जिनके दशमलव प्रकार अनवसानी अनावर्ती हों।
उत्तर:
0.01001000100001….., 0.202002000200002….., 0.003000300003….

प्रश्न 8.
परिमेय संख्याओं \(\frac { 5 }{ 9 }\) और \(\frac { 9 }{ 11 }\) के बीच तीन अलग-अलग अपरिमेय संख्याएँ ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
हम जानते हैं कि \(\frac { 5 }{ 9 }\) = \(0.\overline { 714285 }\) एवं \(\frac { 9 }{ 11 }\) = \(0.\overline { 81 }\)
इनके मध्य अपरिमेय संख्याएँ ज्ञात करने के लिए अनवसानी अनावर्ती संख्याओं में से कोई तीन संख्याओं का चयन करना है।
अतः अभीष्ट संख्याएँ हैं
0.75075007500075….; 0.767076700767000767…. एवं 0.8080080008….

प्रश्न 9.
बताइए कि निम्नलिखित संख्याओं में से कौन-कौन सी संख्याएँ परिमेय और कौन-कौन सी संख्याएँ अपरिमेय हैं :
(i) \(\sqrt { 23 }\)
(ii) \(\sqrt { 225 }\)
(iii) 0.3796
(iv) 7.478478….
(v) 1.101001000100001….
उत्तर:
(i), (iv) एवं (v) अपरिमेय संख्याएँ हैं तथा (ii) एवं (iii) परिमेय संख्याएँ हैं।

MP Board Class 9th Maths Solutions

MP Board Class 9th Maths Solutions Chapter 1 संख्या पद्धति Ex 1.2

प्रश्न 1.
नीचे दिए गए कथन सत्य हैं या असत्य। कारण के साथ अपने उत्तर दीजिए :
(i) प्रत्येक अपरिमेय संख्या एक वास्तविक संख्या होती है।
(ii) संख्या रेखा का प्रत्येक बिन्दु √m के रूप का होता है, जहाँ m एक प्राकृत संख्या है।
(iii) प्रत्येक वास्तविक संख्या एक अपरिमेय संख्या होती है।
उत्तर:
(i) सत्य है, क्योंकि वास्तविक संख्या के संग्रह में सभी अपरिमेय संख्याएँ होती हैं।
(ii) असत्य है, क्योंकि ऋणात्मक संख्याएँ किसी वास्तविक संख्या का वर्गमूल नहीं होती।
(iii) असत्य है, क्योंकि परिमेय संख्याएँ भी तो वास्तविक संख्याएँ होती हैं।
उदाहरणार्थ – 2, 3 ….. आदि वास्तविक संख्याएँ हैं लेकिन अपरिमेय नहीं हैं।

प्रश्न 2.
क्या सभी धनात्मक पूर्णांकों के वर्गमूल अपरिमेय होते हैं ? यदि महीं, तो एक ऐसी संख्या के वर्गमूल का उदाहरण दीजिए जो एक परिमेय संख्या है।
उत्तर:
नहीं, उदाहरण: √4 = 2 एक परिमेय संख्या है।

प्रश्न 3.
दिखाइए संख्या रेखा पर √5 को किस प्रकार निरूपित किया जा सकता है ?
हल:
संख्या रेखा पर √5 का निरूपण:

अत: OB = √5, संख्या रेखा पर √5 का अभीष्ट निरूपण है।

प्रश्न 4.
कक्षा के लिए क्रियाकलाप (वर्गमूल सर्पिल की रचना करना)।
उत्तर:
[निर्देश : छात्रों को स्वयं करना है।]

MP Board Class 9th Maths Solutions

MP Board Class 9th Maths Solutions Chapter 1 संख्या पद्धति Ex 1.1

प्रश्न 1.
क्या शून्य एक परिमेय संख्या है? क्या इसे आप \(\frac { p }{ q }\) के रूप में लिख सकते हैं, जहाँ p और q पूर्णांक हैं और q ≠ 0. (2018)
उत्तर:
हाँ, 0 = \(\frac { p }{ q }\); जहाँ p एवं q पूर्णांक हैं तथा p = 0 एवं q ≠ 0.

प्रश्न 2.
3 और 4 के बीच छः परिमेय संख्याएँ ज्ञात कीजिए। (2019)
हल:
3 और 4 को हर (6 + 1) अर्थात् 7 लेकर परिमेय संख्या के रूप में लिखने पर,

अतः अभीष्ट छः परिमेय संख्याएँ होंगी: \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 }\), \(\frac { 23 }{ 7 }\), \(\frac { 24 }{ 7 }\), \(\frac { 25 }{ 7 }\), \(\frac { 26 }{ 7 }\) एवं \(\frac { 27 }{ 7 }\).

प्रश्न 3.
\(\frac { 3 }{ 5 }\) एवं \(\frac { 4 }{ 5 }\) के बीच पाँच परिमेय संख्याएँ ज्ञात कीजिए। (2018)
हल:
\(\frac { 3 }{ 5 }\) एवं \(\frac { 4 }{ 5 }\) को उनके हर एवं अंश को (5 + 1) अर्थात् 6 से गुणा करके लिखने पर:
\(\frac { 3 }{ 5 }\) = \(\frac { 18 }{ 30 }\) एवं \(\frac { 4 }{ 5 }\) = \(\frac { 24 }{ 30 }\)
अतः अभीष्ट पाँच परिमेय संख्याएँ होंगी : \(\frac { 19 }{ 30 }\), \(\frac { 20 }{ 30 }\), \(\frac { 21 }{ 30 }\), \(\frac { 22 }{ 30 }\) एवं \(\frac { 23 }{ 30 }\).

प्रश्न 4.
नीचे दिए गए कथन सत्य हैं या असत्य ? कारण के साथ अपने उत्तर लिखिए :
(i) प्रत्येक प्राकृत संख्या एक पूर्ण संख्या होती है। (2018)
(ii) प्रत्येक पूर्णांक एक पूर्ण संख्या होती है।
(iii) प्रत्येक परिमेय संख्या एक पूर्ण संख्या होती है।
उत्तर:
(i) सत्य है, क्योंकि पूर्ण संख्या के संग्रह में सभी प्राकृत संख्याएँ समाहित हैं।
(ii) असत्य है, क्योंकि – 2 एक पूर्णांक है लेकिन पूर्ण संख्या नहीं।
(iii) असत्य है, क्योंकि \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) एक परिमेय संख्या है लेकिन पूर्ण संख्या नहीं।

MP Board Class 9th Maths Solitions

Students who wish to prepare the English Subject can rely on the MP Board Solutions for Class 6 English Chapter 12 Birbal and the Washerman Questions and Answers prevailing. Become perfect with the concepts of Class 6 English Chapter 12 Birbal and the Washerman Questions and Answers, Grammar, Summary, Notes, Guide, Pdf, by preparing you can score highest grade in your exams. Here, You Can Download MP Board Class 6 English Solutions. Detailed Solutions are provided to the concepts by experts keeping in mind the latest edition textbooks and syllabus.

MP Board Class 6th General English Solutions Chapter 12 Birbal and the Washerman

Ace up your preparation by referring to the Madhya Pradesh State Board Solutions for Class 6 Chapter 12 Birbal and the Washerman Questions and Answers and learn all the topics within. Click on the topic you want to prepare from the Class 6 English and prepare it easily. You can understand your strengths and weaknesses by learining the Questions and Answers in MP Board Solutions for Class 6 English PDF.

Birbal and the Washerman Textual Exercise

word Power
(शब्द सामथ्य)

(Complete the Word Puzzle)
(शब्द-पहेली को पूरा करो।)

Comprehension Questions
(बोध प्रश्न):

1. Answer these questions in ‘Yes/No’:
( इन प्रश्नों का ‘हाँ’ था ‘न’ में उत्तर दें)

1. Birbal was the King.
2. Akbar was a generous King.
3. Denu was a minister.
4. The washerman was a greedy man.
5. Kusum does not help her husband.

Answer:

1. No
2. Yes
3. No
4. No
5. No

2. Say, Who said to Whom:
(बताओ किसने किससे कहा:)

Birbal And The Washerman MP Board Class 6th Question 1.
“Water of this river is very cold.”
Answer:
Akbar said to Birbal.

Birbal And The Washerman Story In Hindi MP Board Question 2.
“Win a hundred gold coins, challenge from the King.”
Answer:
Town crier to people in the town.

Birbal And The Washerman Story MP Board Question 3.
“I kept on praying for your safety the whole night.”
Answer:
Denu’s wife, Kusum to Denu.

Birbal And The Washerman Story In English MP Board Question 4.
“You majesty, he is cooking food.”
Answer:
A messenger to King Akbar.

Mp Board Solution Class 6 English Question 5.
“Salutation. Your Majesty.”
Answer: Denu to Kind Akbar.

3. Answer these questions:
(इन प्रश्नों के उत्तर दो:)

Birbal Was The King MP Board Class 6th Question 1.
What was Akbar’s challenge?
(व्हॉट वॉज अकबर्स चैलेन्ज?)
अकबर की चुनौती क्या थी?
Answer:
Akbar’s challenge was to stand in the cold water of Yamuna the whole night.
(अकबर्स चैलेन्ज वॉज टू स्टैण्ड इन द कोल्ड वॉटर ऑफ यमुना द होल नाइट।)
यमुना के ठण्डे पानी में रात भर खड़े रहना ही अकबर की चुनौती थी।

Question 2.
Why was Denu ready to accept the challenge?
(व्हाय वॉज दीनू रेडी टू एक्सपेप्ट द चैलेन्ज?)
दीनू ने चुनौती क्यों मान ली?
Answer:
Denu was a washerman so he had a habit of washing clothes in cold water. Secondly, he wanted to get the reward.
(दीनू वॉज अवॉशरमैन सो ही हैड अ हैबिट ऑफ वॉशिंग क्लोद्स इन कोल्ड वॉटर। सैकेण्डली ही वाण्टेड टू गैट द रिवॉर्ड।)
दीनू एक धोबी था अतः उसे ठण्डे पानी में कपड़े धोने की आदत थी। दूसरा वह इनाम पाना चाहता था।

Question 3.
Why didn’t Denu’s wife want to accept the challenge?
(व्हाय डिण्ट दीनूज वाइफ वॉण्ट टू एक्सैप्ट द चैलेन्ज?)
दीनू की पत्नी चुनौती क्यों नहीं मानना चाहती थी?
Answer:
She did not want to risk Denu’s life to accept the challenge.
(शी डिड नॉट वॉण्ट टू रिस्क दीनूज लाइफ टू एक्सेप्ट द चैलेन्ज।)
वह चुनौती मानने के लिए दीनू का जीवन दाँव पर लगाना नहीं चाहती थी।

Question 4.
What was the courtier’s objection?
(व्हॉट वॉज द कोटियर्स ऑब्जेक्शन?)
दरबारी को क्या आपत्ति थी?
Answer:
The courtier said that he has taken heat from the lights of the palace.
(द कोर्टियर सेड दैट ही हैज टेकिन हीट फ्रॉम द लाइट्स ऑफ द पैलेस।)
दरबारी ने कहा कि उसने महल के दीयों से गर्मी ली है।

Question 5.
How did Birbal bring justice to Denu?
(हाउ डिड बीरबल ब्रिग जस्टिस टू दीनू?)
बीरबल ने दीनू को न्याय कैसे दिलाया?
Answer:
Birbal played a trick. He put some fire on the ground and kept cooking pot on a long tripod. Seeing it Akbar himself said how can this fire cook food on such a long distance. So Birbal made him realize that small fire at long distance cannot give heat to Denu.
(बीरबल प्ले अ ट्रिक। ही पुट सम फायर ऑन द ग्राउण्ड एण्ड कैप्ट कुकिंग पॉट ऑन अ लॉग ट्राइपॉड। सीइंग इट अकबर हिमसैल्फ सेड हाउ कैन दिस फायर कुक फूड ऑन सच अ लॉग डिस्टेन्स। सो बीरबल मेड हिम रीयलाइज दैट स्मॉल फायर एट लॉग डिस्टेन्स कैन नॉट गिव हीट टू दीनू।)

बीरबल ने एक चाल चली। उसने जमीन पर थोड़ी आग जुलाई और ऊँचे त्रिकोण डण्डे पर खाने की हॉण्डी टाँग दी। उसे देखकर अकबर ने स्वयं कहा कि यह आग इतनी दूरी से खाना नहीं पका सकती। इस तरह बीरबल ने अकबर को समझा दिया कि दूरी से आग दीनू को गरमाई नहीं दे सकती।

Question 6.
Why was Denu very happy at the end?
(व्हाय वॉज दीनू वैरी हैप्पी एट द एण्ड?)
दीनू अन्त में बहुत प्रसन्न क्यों हुआ?
Answer:
Denu was very happy because at last he got the reward.
(दीनू वॉज वैरी हैप्पी बिकॉज एट लास्ट ही गॉट द रिवार्ड।)
दीनू बहुत प्रसन्न था क्योंकि अन्त में उसे इनाम मिल गया।

Grammar in Use
(व्याकरण प्रयोग)

1. Complete the chart.
(चार्ट को पूरा करो।)
Answer:

2. Fill in the blanks using correct adverbs:
(नीचे लिखे क्रिया-विशेषण का प्रयोग कर रिक्त स्थान

(loudly, comfortably, happily, really, thoughtfully, sadly, quickly.)
1. “Are you really going away to America Rohan?” said mother.
2. The teacher said thoughtfully, “I will find a way to help you.”
3. The cap seller said sadly, “All my caps are gone.”
4. The patient slept comfortably after the doctor gave him some medicine.
5. Ramu went home quickly after watching the play.
6. Once he got his money he went home happily.
7. The lion roared loudly, “Who woke me up?”

Let’s Talk
(आओ, बात करें)

Do yourself.

Let’s Read
(आओ पढ़ें)

See the passage and questions in the book.
(गद्यांश एवं प्रश्नों को पुस्तक में देखें।)
Answers:
1. The dreams come between times of deep sleep.
2. Some people talk in their dreams. Some others even get out of their beds and start walking.
3. We might have bad dreams when we are sick.
4. The football player had a bad dream. He talked loudly, then he jumped out of bed. He ran through the room, jumped out of the window, and fell into the garden eighteen feet below. Then he ran onto the road, and woke up. He stopped, very surprised, but unhurt.
5. Yes, sometimes I also dream, In my one dream, I found myself with my favourite cricketer Sachin Tendulakar. We were both in a cricket ground. He gave me his cap as token of love but when? awoke, it was nothing but merely a dream.

Let’s Write
(आओ लिखें)

Write a story of Akbar and Birbal in your own words.
(अपने शब्दों में अकबर और बीरबल की एक कहानी)
Answer:
Once Akbar felt that someone has pulled his moustaches while he was asleep. He asked his courtiers that if that person is caught what punishment should he give to him. Each courtier gave his own suggestion. Someone said to give the punishment of imprisonment, while other one said to hang him to death, and so on. Then Akbar asked Birbal. He asked Akbar to give him one day to find the answer. The next day Birbal said that the emperor should make that person sit on his lap instead of punishing him.

The courtiers made fun of him. Then Akbar asked Birbal the reason for the suggestion he had given. Birbal replied that no person in the kingdom had the courage of pulling emperor Akbar’s moustaches except his own son Salim. So, he should made him sit on his lap instead of punishing him. Then only Salim came and sat on emperor’s lap and started pulling his moustaches. Akbar was highly impressed by Birbal’s wisdom and all courtiers had no words to say.

Let’s Do
(आओ करें):

Complete the following chart about Akbar’s qualities by adding words that describe him best.
(निम्नलिखित चार्ट को उन शब्दों को जोड़ते हुए जो उन्हें सर्वश्रेष्ठ बतायें, का प्रयोग कर पूरा करें।)
Answer:
Akbar’s qualities-wise, brave, courageous, kind, just, intelligent, foresighted.

Birbal and the Washerman Difficult Word Meanings

Birbal and the Washerman Summary, Pronunciation & Translation

Characters (कैरेक्टर्स): पात्र :

1. Akbar (अकबर) : अकबर
2. Birbal (बीरबल): बीरबल
3. Courtiers (कोर्टियर्स) : दरबारी
4. The town crier (द टाउन-क्रायर) : नगर में मुनादी पीटने वाला
5. Messenger (मैसेन्जर्स) : दूत
6. Denu, the washerman (दीनू द वाशरमैन) : दीनू, एक धोबी
7. Kusum, the washerman’s wife (कुसुम द वाशरमैन्स वाइफ) : कुसुम, धोबी की पत्नी
8. Denu and Kusum’s children (दीनू एण्ड कुसुम स चिल्ड्रन) : दीनू और कुसम के बच्चे

Scene I (सीना I)

(Morning, It’s winter. Akbar and Birbal are pacing the floor in the palace balcony. The balcony offers a good view of the river.)
(मॉर्निंग, इट्स विन्टर। अकबर एण्ड बीरबल आर पेसिंग द फ्लोर इन द पैलेस बाल्कनी। द बाल्कनी ऑफर्स अ गुड व्यू ऑफ द रिवर।)
Akbar : Birbal, I have heard that the water of this river is extremely cold. Is this true?
(अकबर : बीरबल, आइ हैव हर्ड दैट द वाटर ऑफ दिस रिवर इज ऐक्सट्रीमली कोल्ड। इज दिस टू?)
Birbal : Yes, Your Majesty, I have also heard the same.
(बीरबल : येस, योर मैजेस्टी, आई हैव ऑल्सो हर्ड द सेम।)
Akbar : What do you think will happen, if a man stands in the cold water all through the night? Will he die?
(अकबर : व्हाट डू यू थिंक विल हैपन, इफ अ मैन स्टैण्ड्स इन द कोल्ड वाटर ऑल श्रू द नाइट? विल ही डाइ?)
Birbal : Certainly, Your Majesty, no ordinary man can survive after staying for such a long time in the cold water.
(बीरबल : सर्टेनली, योर मैजेस्टी, नो ऑर्डीनरी मैन कैन सरवाईव आफ्टर स्टेइंग फॉर सच अ लॉग टाइम इन द कोल्ड वाटर।)
Akbar : (Thinks for a while and says) I have an idea!
(अकबर : (थिंक्स फॉर अ व्हाइल एण्ड सेज) आइ हैव ऐन आइडिया!)
(The emperor whispers something in Birbal’s ear. Birbal is surprised at the Emperor’s words
(द एम्परर व्हिस्र्पस समथिंग इन बीरबल्स ईयर। बीरबल इज सरप्राइज्ड ऐट द ऐम्परर ‘स वर्ड्स।)

दृश्य ।

अनुवाद :
(प्रातः सर्दी का मौसम है। अकबर और बीरबल महल की बालकनी में फर्श पर धीरे-धीरे चल रहे हैं। बालकनी से नदी का एक अच्छा दृश्य दिख रहा हैं।)
अकबर : बीरबल, मैंने सुना है कि इस नदी का पानी अत्यधिक ठण्डा है। क्या यह सच है?
बीरबल : हाँ हुजूर, मैंने भी यही सुना है।
अकबर : यदि एक व्यक्ति सारी रात ठण्डे पानी में खड़ा रहे तो तुम क्या सोचते हो, क्या होगा? क्या वह मर जाएगा?
बीरबल : निश्चित, हुजूर, कोई साधारण व्यक्ति ठण्डे पानी में इतने लम्बे समय तक रुक कर जीवित नहीं रह सकता है।
अकबर : (कुछ देर के लिए सोचते हैं और कहते हैं) मेरे पास एक विचार है।
(बादशाह बीरबल के कानों में कुछ फुसफुसाते हैं। बीरबल बादशाह की बात सुनकर आश्चर्यचकित होते हैं)

Scene II (सीन II)

(Afternoon. Town market place. A town-crier beats his drum loudly and people come, leaving their work and gather around him.)
(आफ्टरनून। टाउन मार्केट प्लेस। अ टाउन-क्रायर बीट्स हिज ड्रम लाउडली एण्ड पीपुल कम, लीविंग देयर वर्क एण्ड गैदर अराउण्ड हिम।)

Town-crier :
(loudly) Listen! Listen! By the order of the Emperor, anyone who stands in the cold water of the river in front of the King’s palace all through the night will be amply rewarded. Listen! Listen!
टाउन-क्रायर :
(लाउडली) लिसन! लिसन! बाय द ऑर्डर ऑफ द ऐम्परर, ऐनीवन हू स्टैण्ड्स इन द कोल्ड वाटर ऑफ द रिवर इन फ्रन्ट ऑफ द किंग्स पैलेस ऑल श्रू द नाइट विल बी ऐम्पली रिवार्डेड। लिसन! लिसन!)

(He moves to another busy area to make the same announcement.)
(ही मूव्स टु ऐनअदर बिजी एरिया टु मेक द सेम एनाउन्समेंट।)

(People stand in groups and discuss the announcement.)
(पीपुल स्टैण्ड इन ग्रुप्स एण्ड डिस्कस द अनाउन्समेंट।)

Nobody is ready to accept the challenge. A poor washerman also listen to the announcement and whispers in his wife’s ear.)
(नोबडी इज रैडी टु ऐसेप्ट द चैलेन्ज। अ पूअर वाशरमैन आल्सो लिसन टु दि अनाउन्समेंट एण्ड व्हिस्पर्स इन हिज वाइफस ईयर।)

Denu : Kusum, this is a good opportunity. I should try my luck. If I succeed in standing in the river, I’ll get the big reward and we’ll be able to live well.
(दीनू : कुसुम, दिस इज अ गुड अपरचुनिटी। आइ शुड ट्राय माय लक। इफ आइ सक्सीड इन स्टेंडिंग इन द रिवर, आइ विल गैट द बिग रिवार्ड एण्ड वीविल बी एबल टु लिव वैल।)

Kusum : No! No! Don’t ever think of taking such a risk.
(कुसुम : नो! नो! डोन्ट ऐवर थिंक ऑफ टेकिंग सच अ रिस्क।)

Denu : You needn’t worry. Nothing will happen to me. After all, I am used to washing clothes in cold water everyday.
(दीनू : यू नीडनॉट वरी। नथिंग विल हैपन टु मी। आफ्टर ऑल, आइ एम यूज्ड टु वाशिंग क्लॉथ्स इन कोल्ड वाटर ऐवरी डे।)

दृश्य ॥

(अपरान्ह : नगर का बाजार। नगर में एक मुनादी पीटने वाला अपना ढोल जोर से पीट रहा है और लोग अपना काम छोड़कर उसके चारों ओर इकट्ठे हो जाते हैं।)

मुनाढी पीटने वाला :
(जोर से)-सुनो! सुनो! बादशाह के आदेश से जो कोई भी राजा के महल के सामने वाली नदी के ठण्डे पानी में सारी रात खड़ा रहेगा, उसे बहुत-सा इनाम दिया जायेगा। सुनो! सुनो!

(वह यही घोषणा करने दूसरे व्यस्त क्षेत्र को चल देता है) लोग समूहों में खड़े हो जाते हैं और घोषणा के बारे में बात-चीत करते हैं। इस चुनौती को स्वीकार करने के लिए कोई भी तैयार नहीं है। एक गरीब धोबी घोषणा को सुनता है और अपनी पत्नी के कानों में फुसफुसाता है।)

दीनू : कुसुम, यह एक अच्छा मौका है। मुझे अपने भाग्य को आजमाना चाहिए। यदि मैं नदी में खड़े होने में सफल हो जाता हूँ तो मुझे बड़ा इनाम मिलेगा और हम अच्छी तरह से जीवन व्यतीत करने के काबिल हो जायेंगे।

कुसम : नहीं! नहीं! ऐसा जोखिम लेने का विचार भी कभी मत लाना।
दीनू : तुम्हें चिन्ता करने की आवश्यकता नहीं है। मुझे कुछ नहीं होगा। आखिर, मैं रोज ठण्डे पानी में कपड़े धोता रहता हूँ।

Scene III (सीना III)

(Night. The washerman goes and stands in the middle of the river. Some people come and ask him not to risk his life.)
(नाइट। द वाशरमैन गोज एण्ड स्टैण्ड्स इन द मिडिल ऑफ द रिवर। सम पीपुल कम एण्ड आस्क हिम नॉट टु रिस्क हिज लाइफ।)

One man : I feel sorry for this poor man. Why does he want to kill himself?
(वन मैन : आइ फील सॉरी फॉर दिस पूअर मैन। व्हाई डज ही वान्ट टु किल हिमसेल्फ।)

Another : He is crazy! Doing such a foolish thing for money ! Well, let us pray for his safety.
(ऐनअदर : ही इज क्रेजी! डूइंग सच अ फुलिश थिंग फॉर मनी! वैल, लैट अस प्रे फॉर हिज सेफ्टी।)

(Next morning, Denu is shivering badly. He stood in the river all through the night. He has successfully reached the target. People congratulate him on his wonderful achievement.)
(नैक्स्ट मॉर्निंग, दीनू इज शिवरिंग बैडली। ही स्टुड इन द रिवर ऑल श्रू द नाइट। ही हैज सक्सेसफुली रीच्ड द टार्गेट। पीपुल कांग्रेचुलेट हिम ऑन हिज वण्डरफुल अचीवमेंट।)

Kusum : (happily) Oh! So you have done it! Thank God, you are alright! I was so worried. I kept on praying for your safety the whole night. At last God has heard our prayers and you are the luckiest person to get the big reward. I am really proud of
you.
(कुसुम : (हैप्पिली) ओह! सो यू हैव डन इट! बैंक गॉड यू आर ऑलराइट! आइ वाज सो वरीड। आइ कैप्ट ऑन प्रेइंग फॉर योर सेफ्टी द होल नाइट। ऐट लास्ट गॉड हैज हर्ड अवर प्रेयर्स एण्ड यू आर द लकीएस्ट पर्सन टु गैट द बिग रिवार्ड। आई एम रीयली प्राउड ऑफ यू।)

दृश्य III

(रात्रि। धोबी जाता है और नदी के बीच में खड़ा हो जाता है। कुछ लोग आते हैं और उसे जीवन को जोखिम में नहीं डालने के लिये कहते हैं।)

एक आदमी : मुझे उस गरीब व्यक्ति के लिये दुःख है। वह स्वयं को क्यों मारना चाहता है।

अन्य : वह पागल है। ऐसा मूर्खतापूर्वक कार्य वह धन के लिए कर रहा है। ठीक है, आओ उसकी सुरक्षा के लिये प्रार्थना करें। अगली सुबह-दीनू बुरी तरह ठण्ड से कांप रहा हैं वह सारी रात नदी के अन्दर खड़ा रहा था।

कुसुम : (प्रसन्नतापूर्वक) अरे! ऐसा तुमने कर लिया है! भगवान का धन्यवाद; तुम बिल्कुल सही हो। मैं बहुत चितित थी। मैं पूरी रात तुम्हारी सुरक्षा के लिए प्रार्थना करती रही। अन्त में ईश्वर में हमारी प्रार्थनाएँ सुन ली और तुम इस बड़े इनाम को पाने वाले सबसे भाग्यशाली व्यक्ति हो। मुझे वास्तव में तुम पर गर्व है।

Scene IV (सीना IV)

(Akbar’s court. The Emperor is sitting on his throne. Birbal is beside him. The courtiers and guards are standing in the Darbar. Denu and his family enter the Darbar. They bow before the king.)
(अकबर’स कोर्ट। द ऐम्परर इज सिटिंग ऑन हिज थ्रोन। बीरबल इज बिसाइड हिम। द कोर्टियस एण्ड गार्ड्स आर स्टेन्डिग इन द दरबार। दीनू एण्ड हिज फेमिली ऐन्टर द दरबार। दे बो बिफोर द किंग।)

Denu : Salutations. Your Majesty.
(दीनू : सेल्यूटेशन्स। योर मैजेस्टी।)
Akbar : Come, You are indeed a brave young man. You certainly deserve the reward.
(अकबर : कम, यू आर इन्डीड अ ब्रेव यंग मैन। यू सर्टेनली डिजर्व द रिवार्ड।)

(A maid brings a silver tray laden with gold coins)
(अ मेड ब्रिग्स अ.सिल्वर ट्रे लेडन विद गोल्ड कॉइन्स।)

(As Akbar is about to give the reward to Denu, a courtier interrupts.)
(ऐज अकबर इज अबाउट टु गिव द रिवार्ड टू दीनू, अ कोर्टियर इन्टरप्ट्स।)

Courtier : Your Majesty, what are you doing? This man does not deserve the reward, as he did not stand in the cold water without any help. All the courtiers were surprised and wanted explanation.
(कोर्टियर : योर मैजेस्टी, व्हाट आर यू डूइंग? दिस मैन डज नॉट डिजर्व द रिवार्ड, ऐज ही डिड नॉट स्टैण्ड इन द कोल्ड वाटर विदआउट ऐनी हैल्प। ऑल द कोर्टियर्स वेयर सरप्राइज्ड एण्ड वान्टेड एक्सप्लेनेशन।)

Courtier : Your Majesty, actually the lights from? your palace kept the washerman warm all through the night.
(कोर्टियर : योर मैजेस्टी, एक्चुअली द लाइट्स फ्रॉम योर पैलेस कैप्ट द वाशरमैन वार्म ऑल श्रू द नाइट।)

Akbar : (thoughtfully) Have you have a point. Well, in that case, there is no question of a reward.
(अकबर : (थॉटफुली) हम्म – यू हैव अ पॉइन्ट। वैल, इन दैट केस, देयर इज नो क्वैश्चन ऑफ द रिवार्ड।)
(Poor Denu goes away sadly with his family. Birbal is unhappy about this.)
(पूअर दीनू गोज अवे सैडली विद हिज फैमिली। बीरबल इज अनहैप्पी अबाउट दिस।)

दृश्य IV

अनुवाद :
अकबर का दरबार : बादशाह अपने सिंहासन पर बैठे हुए हैं। बीरबल उनके बगल में हैं। दरबारी और पहरेदार दरबार में खड़े हुए हैं। दीनू और उसका परिवार दरबार में प्रवेश करता है। वे राजा के सामने झुकते हैं।)
दीनू : अभिवादन, महाराज।
अकबर : आओ, तुम वास्तव में एक वीर पुरुष हो। तुम वास्तव में इनाम के योग्य हो।
(एक दासी चाँदी की तश्तरी में सोने के सिक्के भरकर लायी।)
(जैसे ही अकबर दीनू को इनाम देने वाले थे, तभी एक दरबारी टोकता है।)
दरबारी-महाराज, आप क्या कर रहे हैं? यह व्यक्ति इनाम के योग्य नहीं। चूँकि यह बिना किसी सहायता के ठण्डे पानी में नहीं खड़ा हुआ था।
सभी दरबारी आश्चर्यचकित थे और इसका स्पष्टीकरण चाहते थे।
दरबारी : महाराज, वास्तव में आपके महल से आने वाले प्रकाश देने वाले लैम्प की गर्मी ने धोबी को गर्म बनाये रखा।
अकबर : (विचारमग्न) हम्म! तुम्हारे पास एक तर्क है। इस तरह से, इनाम का कोई प्रश्न नहीं उठता।

Scene V (सीन V)

(The next day, at Akbar’s court. All are sitting. but Birbal’s seat is empty.)
(द नैक्स्ट डे, ऐट अकबरस कोर्ट, ऑल आर सिटिंग बट बीरबल ‘स सीट इज ऐम्प्टी।)
Akbar : Why has Birbal not come yet. He is usually punctual.
(अकबर : व्हाई हैज बीरबल नॉट कम यट। ही इज यूजुअली पंक्चुअल।)
(A messenger arrives.) (अ मैसेन्जर अराइव्स।)
Messenger : Your majesty, the Minister is in his house, and he says he will be late today.
(मैसेन्जर : योर मैजेस्टी, द मिनिस्टर इज इन हिज हाउस, एण्ड ही सेज ही विल बी लेट टुडे।)
Akbar : Why?
(अकबर : व्हाई?)
Messenger : Your Majesty, he is cooking food and will take long:
(मैसेन्जर : योर मैजेस्टी, ही इज कुकिंग फूड एण्ड विल टेक लॉंग।)
Akbar : (angrily) What nonsence! Why? We shall go and find out.
(अकबर : (ऐंग्रिली) व्हाट नॉनसेन्स! व्हाई! वी शैल गो एण्ड फाइण्ड आउट।)

(Akbar gets up and walks quickly towards Birbal’s house followed by some courtiers and guards.)
(अकबर गैट्स अप एण्ड वाक्स विक्वली टुवर्ड्स बीरबल्स हाउस फौलोड बाय सम कोर्टियर्स एण्ड गार्ड्स।)

दृश्य V

अनुवाद :
(अगले दिन, अकबर के दरबार में। सभी बैठे हुए हैं। लेकिन बीरबल का बैठने का स्थान खाली है।)

अकबर :
बीरबल अभी तक क्यों नहीं आये हैं? जबकि वे सदैव वक्त के पाबन्द हैं। (एक संदेशवाहक आता है।)

सन्देशवाहक :
महाराज, मन्त्रीजी अपने घर में हैं और वह कहते हैं कि आज इन्हें देर लगेगी।

अकबर :
क्यों?

सन्देशवाहक :
महाराज, वह अपना खाना पका रहे हैं और उसमें काफी समय लगेगा।

अकबर :
(क्रोधित होकर) : क्या बेवकूफी है। क्यों? हम जायेंगे और पता लगाएँगे। (अकबर उठते हैं और कुछ दरबारियों और पहरेदारों के साथ बीरबल के घर की ओर तेजी से चल देते हैं)

Scene VI (सीन VI)

(Birbal’s House. Birbal is sitting near a fire on the ground. Far above it, balanced on a tall tripod, is a cooking pot.)
(बीरबल ‘स हाऊस। बीरबल इज सिंटिंग नीयर फायर ऑनद ग्राउण्ड। फार एबव इट, बेलेन्स्ड ऑन अ टॉल ट्राइपॉड, इज अ कुकिंग पॉट।)
Akbar : Birbal! How stupid! You have kept the pot so far above the fire. How can this fire cook Your food?
(अकबर : बीरबल! हाउ स्टूपिड! यू हैव कैप्ट द पॉट सो फार एबव द फायर। हाऊ कैन दिस फायर कुक योर फूड?)
Birbal : (with a twinkle in his eye). If this fire can’t cook food in this cooking pot, how can the lights of your palace warm Denu in the cold water of the Yamuna?
(बीरबल : (विद् अ ट्विंकल इन हिज आई)। इफ दिस फायर कॉन्ट कुक फूड इन दिस कुकिंग पॉट, हाउ कैन द लाइट्स ऑफ योर पैलेस वार्म दीनू इन द कोल्ड वाटर ऑफ द यमुना?)
Akbar immediately realizes his wrong decision and calls for the washerman.)
(अकबर इमीजिएटली रीयलाइजेस हिज रॉग डिसीजन एण्ड कॉल्स फॉर द वाशरमैन।)

दृश्य VI

अनुवाद :
बीरबल का घर। बीरबल मैदान में आग के पास बैठे हैं। उससे काफी ऊपर, एक ऊँची तिपाही पर खाना पकाने का बर्तन रखा है।
अकबर : बीरबल! कितने मूर्ख हो! तुमने बर्तन को आग के इतने ऊपर रखा है। यह आग कैसे तुम्हारा खाना पका सकती है?

बीरबल (आँखों में चमक लिए)-यदि यह आग इस बर्तन में खाना नहीं पका सकती है तो किस प्रकार आपके महल की बत्तियाँ यमुना के ठण्डे पानी में खड़े दीनू को गर्म रख सकती

(अकबर तुरन्त अपने गलत निर्णय को महसूस करता है और धोबी को बुलाता है)

Scene VII (सीन VII)

(Next day at Akbar’s court. Denu comes with his family to the Darbar. Akbar hands the tray of coins to Birbal, who gives it to Denu. Denu as well as his family are very happy. People cheer and clap. People appreciate the justice done to Denu.)
(नैक्स्ट डे ऐट अकबर’स कोर्ट। दीनू कम्स विद हिज फैमिली टु द दरबार। अकबर हैण्ड्स द ट्रे ऑफ कॉइन्स टु बीरबल, हू गिव्स इट टू दीनू। दीनू ऐज वैल ऐज हिज फैमिली आर वैरी हैप्पी। पीपुल चीयर एण्ड क्लैप। पीपुल एप्रीशिएट द जस्टिस डन टू दीनू।)

दृश्य VII

(अगले दिन अकबर का दरबार। दीनू दरबार में अपने परिवार सहित आता है। अकबर बीरबल को सिक्कों की तश्तरी देता है जो इसे दीनू को देता है। दीनू और उसका परिवार बहुत प्रसन्न है, लोग प्रसन्नता प्रकट करते हैं और ताली बजाते है। लोग दीनू को दिये न्याय की प्रशंसा करते हैं।)

Question 1.
Do you know any story about Akbar and Birbal?
(डू यू नो ऐनी स्टोरी अबाउट अकबर एण्ड बीरबल?)
क्या तुम अकबर और वीरबल के बारे में कोई कहानी जानते हो?
Answer:
Yes, I know a story about Akbar and Birbal.
(येस, आइ नो अ स्टोरी अबाउट अकबर एण्ड बीरबल।)
हाँ, मैं अकबर और वीरबल के बारे में एक कहानी जानता हूँ।

Question 2.
What was Birbal known for?
(व्हॉट वाज बीरबल नोन फॉर?)
बीरबल किसलिए जाने जाते हैं?
Answer:
Birbal was known for his wisdom.
(बीरबल वाज नोन फॉर हिज विसडम।)
बीरबल अपनी बुद्धिमानी के लिए जाने जाते हैं।

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MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Chapter 25 Our Judicial System

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 25 Text Book Questions

Choose the correct alternatives:

Class 7 Social Science Chapter 25 Mp Board Question 1.
The Judge of the Supreme Court remains in the office till the age of:
(a) 65 years
(b) 62 years
(c) 67 years
(d) 60 years
Answer:
(a) 65 years

Mp Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 25 Question 2.
The Chief Justice of the High Court is appointed by the President in consultation with the:
(a) Chief Minister
(b) Governor
(c) Education Minister
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Governor

Fill in the blanks

1. The Supreme Court of India is situated at ……………
2. To become a Judge one must be a citizen of ……………
3. The ………….. appoints die Chief Justice.
4. The High Court of Madhya Pradesh is situated at ………….

Answer:

1. Delhi
2. India
3. President
4. Jabalpur

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 25 Short Answer Type Questions

Class 7 Mahabharat Chapter 25 Question Answer Question 1.
How many Judges are there in Supreme Court?
Answer:
There is one Chief Justice and 25 other judges in the Supreme Court.

Mp Judiciary Books Mp Board Question 2.
What qualifications are required for the post of the Judge of a High Court?
Answer:
The following qualifications are essential for a person to be a judge of a High Court:

• He must be a citizen of India.
• He must have worked as a Judge in any court of the state for 10 years or practiced law for 10 years.

Mp Board Class 8 Social Science Solution Chapter 25 Question 3.
Write any two important functions of the High Court.
Answer:

1. The High Court has original and appellate jurisdiction. It has the power to hear for the first time civil and criminal cases and cases regarding the fundamental rights.

2. The High Court takes necessary action regarding the protection of fundamental rights granted in the Indian Constitution. It is binding on all the subordinate courts to obey the orders of the High Court regarding the protection of fundamental rights.

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 25 Long Answer Type Questions

Class 7 Chapter Mp Board Question 1.
Describe in detail the jurisdiction and function of the Supreme Court.
Answer:
Jurisdiction and functions of the Supreme Court –
1. Original Jurisdiction -Cases which come directly to the Supreme Court are under its original jurisdiction.
These are –

• Disputes between central and state government
• Disputes between two or more states.
• Disputes between the central government and one or more states on one side and one or more states on the other side.
• Those matters, which are related to the violation of Fundamental Rights of a person.

2. Appellate Jurisdiction:
Supreme Court is the highest court of appeal in the country. It hears appeals against decision of the High Courts in three types of cases:

• Civil
• Criminal
• Cases involving interpretation of the Constitution.
• Guardian of Fundamental Rights.
• Guardian of the Constitution.
• Court of Record.

3. Protection of the Constitution and the Fundamental Rights:
If any law enacted by the Government is against the spirit of the Constitution, the Supreme Court can declare it null and void. The Supreme Court also protects the Fundamental Rights of a person if they are violated.

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Chapter 21 Sea Movements

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 21 Text Book Questions

Choose the correct alternatives from the following

Class 7 Social Science Chapter 21 MP Board Question 1.
Waves occur due to:
(a) Rotation of die earth
(b) Tides
(c) Wind
(d) Difference in temperature
Answer:
(c) Wind

Mp Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 21 Question 2.
Neap tide occurs on:
(a) 8th day
(b) Ml moon day
(c) new moon day
(d) 4th day
Answer:
(a) 8th day

Fill in the blanks

1. When the hot and cold currents meet …………… occurs on the coast.
2. ………….. waves are very destructive.
3. In the Northern Hemisphere the currents turn towards their ……………….

Answer:

1. dense fog
2. Tsunami
3. right

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 21 Short Answer Type Questions

Class 7 Science Chapter 21 MP Board Question 1.
Name the types of movements of the seas.
Answer:
There are three types of movements of foe seas. They are:

• Waves
• Currents
• Tides

Sea Movements MP Board Class 7 Question 2.
What are waves?
Answer:
The water on the surface of foe sea moves up and down due to foe effects of wind. This is known as waves. There are two parts of waves. The one that rises up is called crest and foe lower part is called trench.

Question 3.
What are currents?
Answer:
Big streams of water flowing regularly, constantly and in a definite direction on foe surface or sub-surface of foe ocean are called currents. They are the most powerful of all the sea movements.

Question 4.
What are tides?
Answer:
The sea water rises and falls twice in 24 hours. The water enters foe shores for a few hours and then recedes gradually. This is due to the gravitational pull of the sun and the moon. The rising of water is called high tide and die falling of water is called low tide.

Question 5.
Write any three advantages of tides.
Answer:

1. The tides help in fishing.
2. They increase the depth of the shallow harbors. This helps in bringing ships into the harbors.
3. They increase die depth of estuaries.
4. They keep rivers deep enough so to help ships placed in the rivers.

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 21 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the difference between waves and currents.
Answer:
The difference between waves and currents:

Question 2.
Explain spring tide and neap tide with illustrations.
Answer:
Spring Tide and Neap Tide. On a full moon and new moon the sun, the moon and the earth, all three lie in a straight line. Due to the combined gravitational pull of the sun and the moon, the tides on these days are higher. Such type of tide is known as spring tide. There are two spring tides in a month. One is a on full moon and die other is on new moon.

But when die gravitational pull of the sun and moon act at right angles opposite to die earth’s center, their force of attractions acts opposite to each other. In this case water rises little. This tide is Neap tide. It happens twice a month i.e. when the moon is in its first and third quarters or on the eight day after full moon and the eight day after the night of new moon.
Illustrations:

Question 3.
Explain the causes of ocean currents and its effects on human beings.
Answer:
Ocean currents are streams of water flowing constantly in a definite direction at or near the surface of the ocean.
Ocean currents are caused by prevailing or planetary winds. They are also caused by die variation of temperature. The variation of saline water in the sea water causes ocean currents.

The ocean currents influence the climate of the regions such as coastal areas or islands. The warm currents raise the temperature whereas the cold currents reduce the temperature. Due to warm currents the harbors at higher latitudes remain, open through out the jar i. e. The harbors of Norway and Japan. The warm winds blowing over warm currents absorbs a lot of moisture and the nearby areas receive lots of rainfall.

Map work
On an outline map of the world, depict the major ocean currents.
Answer:
Ocean Currents

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 8th Science Solutions Chapter 12 Friction

Mp Board Class 8 Science Chapter 12 Question 1.
Fill in the blanks:
(a) Friction opposes the …………. between the surfaces in contact with each other.
(b) Fraction depends on the …………… of surfaces.
(c) Friction produces …………….. .
(d) Sprinkling of powder on the carrom board …………. friction.
(e) Sliding friction is ……………. than the static friction.
Answer:
(a) relative motion
(b) nature
(c) heat
(d) reduces
(e) less.

Mp Board Class 8 Science Solution Chapter 12 Question 2.
Four children were asked to arrange forces due to rolling, static and sliding frictions in a decreasing order. Their arrangements are given below. Choose the correct arrangement.
(a) Rolling, static, sliding.
(b) Rolling, sliding, static
(c) Static, sliding, rolling
(d) Sliding, static, rolling.
Answer:
(c) Static, sliding, rolling

Class 8 Science Chapter 12 Mp Board Question 3.
Alida runs her toy car on dry marble floor, wet marble floor, newspaper and towel spread on the floor. The force of friction acting on the car on different surfaces in increasing order will be:
(a) Wet marble floor, dry marble floor, newspaper and towel.
(b) Newspaper, towel, dry marble floor, wet marble floor.
(c) Towel, newspaper, dry marble floor, wet marble floor.
(d) Wet marble floor, dry marble floor, towel, newspaper.
Answer:
(a) Wet marble floor, dry marble floor, newspaper and towel.

Mp Board Class 8 Social Science Solution Chapter 12 Question 4.
Suppose your writing desk is tilted a little. A book kept on it starts sliding down. Show the direction of frictional force acting on it.

Answer:
The frictional force will act parallel to the inclined surface, opposite to the direction of the sliding of book.

Mp Board Class 8 Social Science Chapter 12 Question 5.
You spill a bucket of soapy water on a marble floor accidentally. Would it make it easier or more difficult for you to walk on the floor? Why?
Answer:
It is difficult to walk on a soapy floor because layer of soap makes floor smooth. The coating of soap reduces the friction and the foot cannot make a proper grip on the floor and it starts getting to slip on the floor.

Mp Board Solution Class 8 Science Chapter 12 Question 6.
Explain why sportsmen use shoes with spikes?
Answer:
Sportsmen use shoes with spikes to increase the friction so that their shoes do not slip while they run or play.

Mp Board Class 8 Science Solution Chapter 11 Question 7.
Iqbal has to push a lighter box and Seema has to push a similar heavier box on the same floor. Who will have to apply a larger force and why?
Answer:
Seema will experience more frictional force because the heavy object will be pressed hard against the opposite surface and produces more friction.

Class 8 Science Chapter 12 Question Answer Question 8.
Explain why sliding friction is less than the static friction.
Answer:
When the box starts sliding, the contact points on the surface of the box do not get enough time to lock into the contact points of the floor. Hence, the sliding friction is slightly less than the static friction. This is why the sliding friction is always less than the static friction.

Class 8 Science Chapter 12 Question 9.
Give examples to show that friction is both a friend and a foe.
Answer:
Friction is a friend because:

1. We cannot imagine to be able to walk without friction.
2. We cannot write with pen or pencil in absence of friction.
3. The automobiles could not be started or stopped or turned to change the direction of motion if there were no friction between the tyres of the vehicle and the surface of the road.
4. We cannot fix a nail in the wall or tie a knot if there is no friction.
5. No building could be constructed without friction.

Friction is a foe because:

1. It wears out the materials such as shoes, screws and ball bearings.
2. Friction causes heat. When a machine. is operated, heat generated causes much wastage of energy. Thus, Friction acts as a friend as well as a foe. Also, friction is a necessary evil.

Mp Board Solution Class 8 Question 10.
Explain why objects moving in fluids must have special shapes.
Answer:
When objects move through fluids, they have to overcome the friction acting on them. Efforts are therefore made to minimize the friction so objects are given special shapes. Idea of such shapes come from the body structure of birds and fishes which have to move about in fluids all the time. Such shapes are called streamlined. Giving such shapes to the ships, planes and cars is called streamlining.

MP Board Class 8th Science Friction NCERT Extended Learning – Activities and Projects

Question 1.
What role does friction play in the sport of your choice? Collect some pictures of that sport in action where friction is either supporting it or opposing it. Display these pictures with proper captions on the bulletin board of your classroom.
Answer:
Do yourself.

Question 2.
Imagine that friction suddenly vanishes. How would the life be affected. List ten such situations.
Answer:
Do yourself.

Question 3.
Visit a shop which sells sports shoes. Observe the soles of shoes meant for various sports. Describe your observations.
Answer:
Do yourself.

Question 4.
A toy to play with:
Take an empty matchbox. Take out its tray. Cut a used refill of a ball pen of the same width as the tray as shown in the figure below. Fix the refill with two pins on the top of the tray as shown in Fig. 12.2. Make two holes on the opposite sides of the tray. Make sure that the holes are large enough to allow a thread to pass through them easily. Take a thread about a metre long and pass it through the holes as shown. Fix beads at the two ends of the thread so that it does not come out. Insert the tray in the outer cover of the matchbox. Suspend the match box by the thread. Leave the thread loose. The match box will start falling down due to gravity. Tighten the thread now and observe what happens. Explain your observation. Can you relate it to friction?

Answer:
Do yourself.

MP Board Class 8th Science Friction NCERT Additional Important Questions

A. Short Answer Type Questions

Question l.
What is friction?
Answer:
The force acting equal and opposite surfaces? Does it depend on the smoothness to the relative motion of two objects in of the surface?
contact is known as friction.

Question 2.
How is friction caused? the surfaces. Yes, it depends on the
Answer:
Friction is caused by the irregularities smoothness of the surface. It is the least on the two surfaces in contact. the smoothest surface.

Question 3.
In which direction does friction work? Smooth surfaces provide less friction, whereas
Answer:
Frictions works opposite to the motion, rough surfaces provide more friction.

Question 4.
Is the friction the same for all the
Answer:
No, friction is not the same for all

B. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 5.
Why does the friction between two
Answer:
Since the friction is due to the interlocking of irregularities in the two surfaces which slide with respect to each other, it is obvious that the force of friction will increase if the two surfaces are pressed harder. One can experience it by dragging a mat when nobody is sitting on it and when a person is sitting on it.

Question 6.
What would happen if there were no force of friction? Imagine and describe in your own words.
Answer:
If there were no friction, many problems could have been arise. One cannot able to walk if there were no friction at all. One could not write with pen or pencil, if there were no friction. When one is writing with chalk on the blackboard, its rough surface rubs off some chalk particles. So, we can se the writing on the black board. If any object just started moving, it would never stop. Had there been no friction between the tyres of the automobiles and the road, they could not be started or stopped or turned to change the direction of motion. One could not fix a nail in the wall or knot. Also, without friction no building could so constructed.

Question 7.
It is easy to move an object on a sliding surface than the plane surface. Why?
Answer:
Every surface has some irregularities on it. On a plane surface these irregularities get interlocked easily and it becomes a little hard for the object to move. In case of sliding surfaces, the irregularities do not get enough time to interlock, so the object moves easily on the sliding surface.

Question 8.
Why is friction called an evil?
Answer:
Friction is an evil. It causes a lot of problems for us. It wears out the objects or materials on which it acts. The soles of our shoes get worn due to friction. The floors, machines, their parts, clothes, metals etc., get weared due to the friction they bear. Friction spoils the parts of the machines. They are, therefore, regularly lubricated to minimise friction. Friction produces heat, which further damages the objects on which it is exerted. The grooves of the tyres are finished due to regular friction they bear, which is offered by their regular motion on roads. Except this wear and tear, friction utilize a large amount of energy spent to overcome it.

MP Board Class 8th Science Solutions

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MP Board Class 7th Special English Solutions Chapter 20 The Story of Writing

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The Story of Writing Text Book Exercise

Answer these Questions

Mp Board Class 7th English Chapter 20 Question 1.
How would our travel suffer in the absence of writing?
Answer:
In the absence of writing our travel would suffer a great deal. Buses and trains would not run. Ships would not sail and aeroplanes would not fly. There would be no reference books for engineers to enable them to keep the machines in order. Because they cannot retain all the information in their minds.

Class 7 English Chapter 19 The Story Of Writing MP Board Question 2.
How does commerce depend upon writing?
Answer:
Commerce in the modern world is carried on mainly with the help of cheques, account books and correspondence. In case the writing disappears, all these would disappear. National and international trade would become impossible and come to stop.

Lesson 19 The Story Of Writing MP Board Question 3.
What did the Scythians send to the Persians? What did they want to tell the Persians?
Answer:
The Sycthians sent the Persians a bird, a mouse, a frog and five arrows. They wanted to tell the Persians through these signs that if they could not fly like birds and hide themselves in the earth like mice arid jump over water like frogs, they should not try to go to war with them. They would attack the Persians with arrows and defeat them. They meant to warn them against waging a war.

Class 7th English Chapter 20 MP Board Question 4.
What does hieroglyphics mean?
Answer:
Hieroglyphics means ‘sacred writing.’ It is a kind of picture writing.

Class 7 English Chapter 20 MP Board Question 5.
Why is it difficult to learn Chinese?
Answer:
Chinese is a kind of picture writing. The symbols used in it are called pictures or characters. The characters do not represent sounds but ideas. There are characters for every kind of object and for every idea. It is therefore very difficult to learn Chinese because one has to master almost as many characters as one has ideas. Since the number of characters runs to several thousands it takes a long time to learn Chinese.

Mp Board Solution Class 7th English Question 6.
What is an alphabet? How is it a better system than picture writing?
Answer:
An alphabet is a collection of letters. Each letter stands for a sound of the language. The letters are learnt in a fixed order. Instead of drawing pictures of objects we talk about, this system of writing represents the sounds we use in our speech. As the sounds of any one language are not many, we need not have a large number of symbols. In most languages the letters of the alphabet are never more than fifty. But we can form several hundreds or thousands of words by combining letters. The alphabetic system of writing is therefore far better than picture writing.

Special English Class 7th MP Board Question 7.
In what direction are most languages written?
Answer:
Most languages are written from left to right. However there is no fixed direction of writing. For instance, Urdu and Arabic are written from right to left, Chinese is written vertically and hieroglyphics could be written in all directions.

Class 7th Chapter 20 MP Board Question 8.
What, according to the simple servant, was magical about the letter?
Answer:
The simple servant thought that there must be something magical in the letter.
He failed to understand how it could see him eating the mangoes and tell his master’s daughter about it.

Word Power

A. Write one word for the following. Choose from the given words
(alphabets, cheque, commerce, Correspondence, account, direction.)
Example:
The buying and selling of goods and services
Answer:
commerce

1. A set of letters used for writing a language
2. The general position a person or thing moves or points towards.
3. A printed form that you can write on as a way of paying for something.
4. An arrangement that somebody has with a bank.
5. The letters a person sends or receives.

Answer:

1. Alphabets
2. direction
3. Cheque
4. account
5. correspondence.

B. Rearrange the letters and make meaningful words.
Example:
l,o,b,m,s,y → symbol

1. g,n,i,s → s ………… n
2. s, y, c,l,m,u → c ……….. y
3. t,s,y,s,m,e → s ………… m
4. q,u,e,h,c,e → c …………. e
5. e,c,a,v,r → c …………. e
6. e,d,a,s,r,c → s ………… d

Answer:

1. sign
2. clumsy
3. system
4. cheque
5. crave
6. sacred

Grammar in Use

A. In the examples given below, notice how the sentences against (1) have been joined in (2) by using ‘not only’, ‘but also’/’as well’.

1. He is a good student. He is also a fine sports person.
Answer:
2. He is not only a good student, but also a fine sports person.

1. This table can be used for writing. It can be used for dinner as well.
Answer:
2. This table can be used not only for\writing but for dinner as well.

1. He speaks French and German. He also speaks many Indian languages.
Answer:
2. Not only does he speak French and Gerpian, but also many Indian languages.

1. Mother gave he children ice cream. She gave them cold drink as well.
Answer:
2. Not only did mother give her children ice cream, but cold drink as well.

B. Now join these sentences as shown in the examples above.

1. Jack was very intelligent. He was also hard working.
2. He was hungry. He was tired as well.
3. It is difficult to lift the stone. It is also difficult to break it.
4. The students were tired. The teachers were also tired.
5. He works hard at school. He also works hard on his father’s farm.

Answer:

1. Jack was not only intelligent, but also hardworking.
2. He was not only hungry but also tired.
3. It is not only difficult to lift the stone but also to break it.
4. Not only the students but the teachers also were tired.
5. He works hard not only at school, but also on his father’s farm.

C. Punctuate the following paragraph using .,?”” and capital letters, so we see that in absence of writing.

Our civilization would not only come to a stop but within another half of a century we would lose all that humanity has achieved in science and industry during the past thousand years in about fifty years we would find ourselves as uncivilized as the cave men of the past and we would have to learn the art of writing all over agian.
Answer:
So we see that in absence of writing our civilization would not only come to a stop but within another half of a century we would lose all that humanity has achieved in science and industry during the past thousand years. In about fifty years we would find ourselves as uncivilized as the cave men of the past, and we would have to learn the art of writing, all over again.

Let’s Talk

Sit in groups of four and five. Look at a currency note and talk about its features (marks, figures, shapes, size etc.)
Find answer to these.

1. How many languages are there on the currency note?
2. How many pictures are there on the currency note?
3. How many signatures are there on a currency note?

Answer:

1. There are fourteen languages in the currency note.
2. There are three pictures on the currency note. Two on the front and one on the back.
3. There are two signatures (one in Hindi and one in English) on a currency note.

Let’s Write

Find out what languages are written on a hundred rupee note. Write down the names of the languages and the regions where these are spoken.
Answer:

Complete the table with the help of your teacher.

Let’s Do It

Interview your friends who speak regional languages mentioned above (some or any of them) and write it in the proper column. Use this table for the interview.

The Story of Writing Word Meanings

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