Category: Class 10

MP Board Class 10th Sanskrit Solutions Durva Chapter 11 महाभिनिष्क्रमणम् (नाट्यांशः) (वाल्मीकिरामायणतः)

MP Board Class 10th Sanskrit Chapter 11 पाठ्यपुस्तक के प्रश्न

कक्षा 10 संस्कृत पाठ 11 MP Board प्रश्न 1.
एकपदेन उत्तरं लिखत-(एक पद में उत्तर लिखिए)।
(क) का रूपं नाशयिष्यति? (कौन रूप को नष्ट करेगा?)
उत्तर:
जरा। (बुढ़ापा ।)

(ख) सिद्धार्थः कस्य पुत्रः आसीत्? (सिद्धार्थ किसका पुत्र था?)
उत्तर:
शुद्धोदनस्य। (शुद्धोदन का)

(ग) धरा कस्य पत्नी आसीत? (यशोधरा किसकी पत्नी थी?)
उत्तर:
सिद्धार्थस्य। (सिद्धार्थ की)

(घ) सिद्धार्थस्य पुत्रः कः आसीत्? (सिद्धार्थ का पुत्र कौन था?)
उत्तर:
राहुलः। (राहुल)

(ङ) सिद्धार्थ : कस्मिन् वंशे उत्पन्नः अभूत्? (सिद्धार्थ किस वंश में पैदा हुआ था?)
उत्तर:
शाक्यवंशे। (शाक्यवंश में)

Class 10 Sanskrit Chapter 11 MP Board प्रश्न 2.
एकवाक्येन उत्तरं लिखत-(एक वाक्य में उत्तर लिखिए)
(क) कस्य अभिनिष्क्रमणसंस्कारः अस्ति: (किसका अभिनिष्क्रमण संस्कार है?)
उत्तर:
कुमार राहुलस्य अभिनिष्क्रमणसंस्कारः अस्ति। (कुमार राहुल का अभिनिष्क्रमण संस्कार है।)

(ख) सिद्धार्थः अनुज्ञां प्राप्तुं कस्य समीपं गतः? (सिद्धार्थ आज्ञा गप्त करने किसके पास गए थे?)
उत्तर:
सिद्धार्थः अनुज्ञां प्राप्तुं शुद्धोदनस्य समीपं गतः। (सिद्धार्थ आज्ञा लेने के लिए शुद्धोदन के पास गया था।)

(ग) सिद्धार्थः केषु नानुरञ्ज्यति? (सिद्धार्थ किससे खुश नहीं हो रहा था?)
उत्तर:
सिद्धार्थः नृत्यसङ्गीत-वादित्रेषु नानुरञ्जयति। (सिद्धार्थ नृत्य-संगीत-वाद्य आदि में खुश नहीं हो रहा था।)

(घ) वयं मनुष्याः कां जानन्तोऽपि न शोचामः? (हम लोग किसको जानते हुए भी नहीं सोचते?)
उत्तर:
वयं मनुष्याः प्रतिदिनं ग्रसन्ती मृत्युराक्षसीं जानन्तोऽपि न शोचामः। (हम लोग प्रतिदिन खाती हुई मृत्यु रूपी राक्षसी को जानते हुए भी नहीं सोचते हैं।)

(ङ) मनुष्यस्य यौवनं विलासश्च कदा शोभते? (मनुष्य का यौवन और विलास कब शोभा देते हैं?)
उत्तर:
जरां व्याधिं मृत्युं च विजित्यैव मनुष्यस्य यौवनं विलासश्च शोभते। (बुढ़ापा, रोग और मृत्यु को जीतकर ही मनुष्य का यौवन और विलास शोभा पाते हैं।)

Mp Board Class 10 Sanskrit Chapter 11 प्रश्न 3.
अधोलिखितप्रश्नानाम् उत्तराणि लिखत-(नीचे लिखे प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए)
(क) यशोधरा तारस्वरेण सिद्धार्थं किम् उक्तवती? (यशोधरा ने ऊँचे स्वर में सिद्धार्थ को क्या कहा?)
उत्तर:
यशोधरा तारस्वरेण सिद्धार्थं उक्तवती यत्-“कुत्र प्रयातिः कुमारः?” इति। (यशोधरा ने ऊँचे स्वर से सिद्धार्थ को कहा कि-कुमार, आप कहाँ जा रहे हैं।”)

(ख) सिद्धार्थः किमर्थं लोकयात्रातः व्यरञ्ज्यत? (सिद्धार्थ क्यों लोकयात्रा पर जाना चाहता था?)
उत्तर:
सिद्धार्थः संसारस्य निःसारता, जनन-मरण-चक्रस्य बन्धनं, मानुषी गतिः, सर्वमिदं विचिन्त्य लोकयात्रातः व्यरज्यत।

(सिद्धार्थ, संसार की सारहीनता, जन्म-मरण के चक्र का बन्धन, मानुषी गति, इन सब को सोचकर लोकयात्रा पर जाना चाहता था।)

(ग) मनोज्ञेषु विषयेषु रतिविषये सिद्धार्थः शुद्धोदनं किम् अकथयत्? (मन के विषयों पर रति के विषय में शुद्धोदन ने क्या कहा?)
उत्तर:
मनोज्ञेषु विषयेषु रतिविषये सिद्धार्थः शुद्धोदनं अकथयत् यत्-“जरा व्याधिश्च मृत्युश्च यदि न स्युः तर्हि मम मनोज्ञेषु विषयेषु रतिर्भवेत्? (मन के विषयों पर रति के विषय में सिद्धार्थ ने शुद्धोदन से कहा कि-“बुढ़ापा, रोग और मृत्यु यदि न हों तो मेरे मन में विषयों पर रति होगी

Sanskrit Class 10 Chapter 11 MP Board प्रश्न 4.
शुद्धवाक्याना समक्षम् ‘आम्’ अशुद्ध वाक्यानां समक्षम् ‘न’ इति लिखत- (शुद्ध वाक्यों के सामने ‘आम्’ तथा अशुद्ध वाक्यों के सामने ‘न’ लिखिए-)
(क) शुद्धोदनः राहुलस्य पिता असीत्।
(ख) यशोधरा राहुलस्य माता आसीत्।
(ग) सिद्धार्थः प्रव्रज्यार्थम् इच्छति।
(घ) सिद्धार्थः यशोधरायाः अनुज्ञां प्राप्तं गतः।
(ङ) शुद्धोदनः शाक्यवंशीयः न आसीत्।
उत्तर:
(क) न
(ख) आम्
(ग) आम्
(घ) न
(ङ) न।

Class 10 Sanskrit Chapter 11 Question Answer प्रश्न 5.
अधोलिखितशब्दानां मूलशब्दं विभक्तिं वचनं च लिखत-(नीचे लिखे शब्दों के मूलशब्द, विभक्ति और वचन लिखिए-)

उत्तर:

Sanskrit Class 10 Chapter 11 Mp Board प्रश्न 6.
अघोलिखितपदानां धातुं लकारं च लिखत (नीचे लिखे पदों के धातु और लकार लिखिए-)

उत्तर:

Chapter 11 Sanskrit Class 10 MP Board प्रश्न 7.
अधोलिखितपदानां धातुं प्रत्ययञ्च पृथक्कुरुत (नीचे लिखे पदों के धातु और प्रत्यय अलग कीजिए)

उत्तर:

Class 10th Sanskrit Chapter 11 MP Board प्रश्न 8.
अधोलिखितपदानां सन्धिविच्छेदं कृत्वा सन्धिनाम लिखत (नीचे लिखे पदों के संधिविच्छेद करके संधि का नाम लिखिए-)

उत्तर:

Class 10 Sanskrit Chapter 11 Solutions MP Board प्रश्न 9.
अधोलिखितपदानां समासविग्रहं कृत्वा समासनाम लिखत (नीचे लिखे पदों के विग्रह कर समास का नाम लिखिए)
(क) धर्मचर्या
(ख) क्रीडोद्यानम्
(ग) विनोदसामग्री
(घ) लोकयात्रा
(ङ) महाराजः
उत्तर:

Class 10 Sanskrit Chapter 11 Hindi Translation प्रश्न 10.
रेखाङ्कितसंज्ञाशब्दानां स्थाने सर्वनामशब्दानां प्रयोगं कुरुत (रखाङ्कित शब्दों के स्थान पर सर्वनाम शब्दों का प्रयोग कीजिए-)
(क) राहुलः शाक्यवंशधरः आसीत्। (राहुल शाक्यवंशधर था।)
उत्तर:
कः शाक्यवंशधरः आसीत्? (कौन शाक्यवंशधर था?)

(ख) यशोधरा सिद्धार्थस्य पत्नी आसीत्। (यशोधरा सिद्धार्थ की पत्नी थी।)
उत्तर:
का सिद्धार्थस्य पत्नी आसीत्? (कौन सिद्धार्थ की पत्नी थी?)

(ग) सिद्धार्थस्य पिता शुद्धोदनः आसीत्। (सिद्धार्थ के पिता शुद्धोदन थे।)
उत्तर:
कस्य पिता शुद्धोदनः आसीत्? (किसके पिता शुद्धोदन थे?)

(घ) सिद्धार्थः परिव्राजकः अभवत्। (सिद्धार्थ संन्यासी बना।)
उत्तर:
कः परिव्राजकः अभवत्? (कौन संन्यासी बना?)

(ङ) सिद्धार्थः राहुलस्व जनकः आसीत्। (सिद्धार्थ राहल के पिता थे।)
उत्तर:
सिद्धार्थः कस्य जनकः आसीत्? (सिद्धार्थ किसका पिता था?)

Sanskrit Chapter 11 Class 10 MP Board योग्यताविस्तार –

सिद्धार्थस्य विस्तृतजीवनचरितम् अन्विष्य लिखत।
(सिद्धार्थ का विस्तृत जीवन चरित्र ढूँढकर लिखिए

अस्य नाट्यांशस्य सामूहिकम् अभिनयं कुरुत।
(इस नाट्यांश का सामूहिक अभिनय कीजिए।)

महाभिनिष्क्रमणम् पाठ का सार

प्रस्तुत पाठ सिद्धार्थ के जीवन का अंश है। इस पाठ में उनके संन्यास लेने से पूर्व की कथा है। जब उन्होंने शरीर की विभिन्न अवस्थाएँ-जरा, रोग व मृत्यु-देखी तो उन्हें इस संसार से विरक्ति हो गई और उन्होंने गृहत्याग कर संन्यास ले लिया था। इससे पूर्व उनकी जो मानसिक स्थिति थी, उसका वर्णन इस पाठ में किया गया है।

महाभिनिष्क्रमणम् पाठ का अनुवाद

1. सिद्धार्थः-(स्वगतं चिन्तयन्) हन्त। कियती विडम्बना मानवशरीरस्य। वासन्तिकं यौवनं, कुसुमसुकुमारमनोहरा देहसम्पत्, किमिदं सर्वं स्थिरम्? किं यशोधरायाः यौवनमचलम्? किं जरा व्याधिर्मत्युश्य मदीया अन्तः पुरपरिचारिकाः कदापि नाक्रमिष्यन्ति? किमेता न जानन्ति यद्यौवनं चपलम्? जरा रूपं नाशयिष्यति?
यशोधरा-कुमार! कुमार, किं चिन्तयति भवान्?

सिद्धार्थः :
न किमपि यशोधरे! उद्विग्नमिव मे चेतः। इत एहि अत्रोपविश। इदमेव विलोक्य आश्चर्यम् अनुभवामि यशोधरे यत् वयं मनुष्याः प्रतिदिनं ग्रसन्ती मृत्युराक्षसीं जानन्तोऽपि न शोचामः । अद्य न जाने मदीये हृदये कश्चन् वक्ति यत् जरां व्याधि मृत्यु च विजित्यैव मनुष्यस्य यौवनं विलासश्च शोभते। नृत्यसङ्गीत-वादिषु नानुरञ्ज्यामि, न च तुष्यामि क्रीडाद्यानद्रमः, प्रेक्षागृहपञ्जरैः, स्नानगृहनिर्झरैः।

यशोधरा-तर्हि कुमार! किं व्यवसीयते भवता?

Sanskrit Class 10 Chapter 11 Solutions MP Board सिद्धार्थः :
इदभेव वाञ्छामि यशोधरे, यदधुना परिवाजको भूत्वा मृत्योर्निग्रहाय तपश्चरेयम्।

शब्दार्थाः :
स्वगतम्-मन में-Inward, in heart; उद्विग्नम् -दुखी-grieved; ग्रसन्तीम्-खाती हुई-swallowing; शोचामः-(हम) सोचते हैं-feel sorrowful; नदीये-मेरे-mine; विजित्यैव-जीतकर ही-on getting victory; नानुरज्यामि-प्रसन्न नहीं होता हूँ-do not feel delighted; प्रेक्षागृहपज्जरैः-नाट्यशाला के पात्रों को-actors of theatre.

अनुवाद :
सिद्धार्थ-(मन में सोचते हुए) आह! मानव शरीर की यह कैसी विडंबना है। वसन्त की तरह जवानी, फूल की तरह कोमल और सुन्दर शरीर क्या ये सब स्थिर हैं? क्या यशोधरा का यौवन अचल है? क्या बुढ़ापा, रोग और मृत्यु मेरे अन्तःपुर की सेविकाओं पर कभी आक्रमण नहीं करेंगे? क्या ये नहीं जानती हैं कि यौवन चंचल है? बुढ़ापा रूप को नष्ट कर देगा?

यशोधरा-कुमार! कुमार, आप क्या सोच रहे हैं?

Mp Board Class 10th Sanskrit Chapter 11  सिद्धार्थ :
यशोधरा! कुछ नहीं। मेरा मन दुखी सा हो रहा है। यहाँ आजो, यहाँ बैठो। यशोधरा, यही देखकर मुझे आश्चर्य हो रहा है कि हम मनुष्य प्रतिदिन खाती हुई मृत्यु रूपी राक्षसी को जानते हुए भी नहीं सोचते हैं। आज न जाने मेरे मन में कोई कह रहा है कि बुढ़ापा, रोग और मृत्यु को जीतकर ही मनुष्य का यौवन और विलास शोभा पाता है। नृत्य-सङ्गति, बाजे आदि मुझे प्रसन्न नहीं कर रहे और न ही उद्यान, पेड़ों से नाट्यशाला के पात्रों से और स्नानगृह के झरनों के खेल से मैं खुश हूँ।

यशोधरा ;
तो कुमार। आपको क्या चाहिए?

सिद्धार्थ :
यशोधरा! मैं यही चाहता हूँ कि अब संन्यासी बनकर मृत्यु को पराजित करने के लिए तप करूँ!

Mp Board Solution Class 10 Sanskrit English :
Old age, diseases and death bring about decay in beauty and youth-youth is flickering-old age disfigures beauty-nothing appeals an aggrieved soul-wish to get sanyasa (liberation) to defeat death through penance.

2. यशोधरा-किमिदं भाषते भवान्? परिव्रज्यायाः नायं समयः। कतिपयमासेभ्यः पूर्वमेव तु भवान शाक्यवंशधरस्य कुमार-राहुलस्य जनकः सञ्जातोऽस्ति। आगच्छतु भवान् अद्य कुमार-राहुलस्य अभिनिष्क्रमणसंस्कारः।

सिद्धार्थः :
न किमपि इच्छामि यशोधरे। अद्यैव प्रव्रज्यायै अनुमतिं ग्रहीतुं महाराजस्य सौधमुपसमि। अथैव प्रव्रज्यायै अनु। यशोधरा-(तारस्वरेण) कुत्र प्रयाति कुमारः? कुमार! कुमार!
(दृश्यपरिवर्तनम्) सिद्धार्थः-आर्य! अभिवादये। शुद्धोदनः-सिद्धार्थ! शाक्यवंशधरो भव।

सिद्धार्थः :
आर्य! अद्य एकामनुज्ञां ग्रहीतुं समुपस्थितोऽस्मि। अहं जानामि यदाजन्म महाराजस्य मह्यं किमप्यदेयं नास्ति।

शुद्धोदनः :
नि:शङ्कं ब्रूहि सिद्धार्थ! मम प्राणा अपि त्वदधीनाः कुमार।।

शब्दार्था: :
प्रव्रज्यायै-संन्यास के लिए-for assuming sanyasa; सौधमुपसमि-महल में जाऊँगा-.go to the palace; तारस्वरेण-ऊँचे स्वर में-loudly;प्रयाति-जाता है-goes; त्वदधीनाः-तुम्हारे अधीन-render under control.

अनुवाद :
सिद्धार्थः-यह आप क्या कह रहे हैं? यह समय संन्यास का नहीं है। कुछ महीने पूर्व ही तो आप शाक्यंवशधर कुमार राहुल के पिता बने हैं। आप आइए, आज कुमार राहुल का अभिनिष्क्रमण संस्कार है।

सिद्धार्थ :
यशोधरा! कुछ भी इच्छा नहीं है। आज ही संन्यास के लिए अनुमति लेने महाराज के महल में जाऊँगा। आज ही संन्यास के लिए। यशोधरा-(ऊँचे स्वर से) कुमार आप कहाँ जा रहे हैं? कुमार! कुमार!

(दृश्य बदलता है)

सिद्धार्थ :
आर्य! अभिवादन करता हूँ। शुद्धोदन-सिद्धार्थ! शाक्यवंश के धारक (रक्षक) हो।

सिद्धार्थ :
आर्य! आज एक आता लेने के लिएपस्थित हुआ हूँ। मैं जानता हूँ कि जब मेरा जन्म हुआ है, महाराज का मेरे लिए कुछ भी अदेय नहीं है।

शुद्धोदन :
निःसंकोच होकर कहो सिद्धार्थ! मेरे प्राण भी तुम्हारे अधीन हैं, कुमार!

English :
Yashodhra advises him not to take the drastic step Siddhartha is adamant. Siddhartha approaches his father to seek his permission.

3. सिद्धार्थः-महाराज! सुबहु मया विचारितं प्रजानां लोकयात्रार्थम्। अधुना शोकमृत्युभयानां निग्रहाय तपश्चिकीर्षामि। प्रव्रज्यायै अनुज्ञातुमर्हति मां महाराजः।

(कोलाहलो वर्धते, आश्रचर्यम्, आश्चर्यम् इति ध्वनयश्च) शुद्धोदनः-कुमार सिद्धार्थ! किमिदं व्यवसितं त्वया? न हि कालस्ते प्रव्रज्यां ग्रहीतुम्। प्रथमे वयसि चलायां मतौ धर्मचर्या बहु दोषा भवति। मया हि तव कुतूहलार्थं क्रीडोद्याने सर्वापि विनोदसामग्री समुदपस्थापिता। चित्रं मनोज्ञेऽपि विषये तव रतिर्न जायते।

सिद्धार्थ :
आर्य! जरा व्याधिश्च मृत्युश्च यदि न स्युस्तर्हि मम मनोज्ञेषु विषयेषु रतिर्भवत्। असंशयं मृत्युरिति जानतोऽपि यस्प हृदि रागो जायते तस्य चेतना लोहमयीमेव उत्प्रेक्षे।

शब्दार्थाः :
सुबहु-अच्छी तरह से-from all angles; चिकीर्षामि-इच्छा करता हूँ-wish for; व्यवसितम्-संङ्कल्प-resolve.

अनुवाद :
सिद्धार्थः-महाराज! अच्छी तरह से मेरे द्वारा प्रजा की लोकयात्रा का विचार किया गया। अब शोक व मृत्यु के भय पराजित करने के लिए तप की इच्छा करता हूँ। महाराज, जाप मुझे संन्यास की आज्ञा दे, (शोर बढ़ जाता है, आश्चर्य है, आश्चर्य है, ऐसी ध्वनि होती है।)

शुद्धोदन :
कुमार सिद्धार्थ! क्या वह तुम्हारा सङ्कल्प है? यह समरः तुम्हारे संन्यास लेने का नहीं है। प्रथम आयु में चलते हुए विचार में धर्माचरण बहुत दोषपूर्ण होता है। मेरे द्वारा ही तुम्हारे मनोरंजन के लिए क्रीड़ास्थल में सभी मनोरंजन की सामग्री लाई गयी थी। चित्र भी तुम्हारे मन और बुद्धि के विषयों पर अनुराग उत्पन्न नहीं कर सके।

सिद्धार्थ :
आर्य! बुढ़ापा, रोग और मृत्यु यदि न होते तो मेरे मन-मस्तिष्क के विषयों पर अनुराग होता। संशय रहित, मृत्यु है, यह जानकर भी जिसके मन में राग उत्पन हो, उसका भन लोहे के समान होगा।

English :
Siddhartha expressed his desire to perform penances. The king advised him against his decision. He had arranged recreational facilities in his son’s palace. Siddhartha is hell bent on encountering old age, diseases and death.

4. शुद्धोदनः-कुमार! कस्त्वामेदं दोधितवान्? तवदं सुकुमारं वयः प्रसन्नसुन्दरं च वपुः किं प्रव्रज्यायै भगवता सृष्टम्? नायं कालस्तव तपोवनाश्रयस्य। गच्छ क्रीडोपवनम्। अनुभव नृत्यवादित्रविनोदम्।

सिद्धार्थः :
कथमहं चेतनां वञ्चयेयमार्य। यदि भवान्मे प्रतिभूर्भवति यन्मम जीवनं मरणाय न सृष्टमस्ति, मम शरीरं रोगेभ्यः सर्वदा मुक्तं स्यात्, मम यौदलं च जरा न कदाप्याक्षिपेत, तर्हि अहं तपोवनं न श्रयिष्ये।

सूत्रधारः :
संसारस्य निःसारता, जनन-मरण-चक्रस्य वन्धनं, मानुषी गतिः, र्वमिदं विचिन्त्य सिद्धार्थों व्यरञ्ज्यत लोकयात्रातः। सकृन्निशीथ तेन व्यवगितं यत्सर्वमिदं प्रपञ्चं परित्यजय जननमरणयोः पारं द्रष्टुं स तपस्तप्स्यति, साधनां विधास्यति, जीवनरहस्यं बोद्धं प्रयतिष्यते। (इति निष्क्रान्तः सर्वे)

शब्दार्थाः :
सष्टम-बनाया है-Created; वञ्चयेयम्-धोखा दूँगाँ-deceive; आक्षिपेक्-चढ़े-overrule; श्रयिष्ये-आश्रय ग्रहण करूँगा-seekshelter; निशीथे-अधी-रात में-at midnight; व्यवसितम्-निर्धारित कर-resolved;बोद्धम्-जानने के लिए-toknow; प्रतिभूः-जमानत, प्रमाण-evidence.

अनुवाद :
शुद्धोदन-कुमार! यह तुम्हें किसने बताया? तुम्हारी यह कोमल आयु और प्रसन्न व सुन्दर शरीर क्या संन्यास के लिए भगवान द्वारा बनाई गई है? यह समय तुम्हारे वन में आश्रय लेने का नहीं है। अपने क्रीडाग्रह में जाओ। नृत्य-संगीत आदि से मनोरञ्जन करो।

सिद्धार्थ :
आर्य! मैं अपने मन को कैसे धोखा दूं? यदि आप मुझे प्रमाण देते हैं कि मेरा जीवन मरने के लिए नहीं बना है, मेरा शरीर रोग से सदा मुक्त रहेगा, मेरी जवानी पर कभी बुढ़ापा नहीं चढ़ेगा, तो मैं तपोवन का आश्रय नहीं लूँगा।

सूत्रधार :
संसार की सारहीनता, जन्म-मरण के चक्र का बन्धन मनुष्य की गति, यह सब सोचकर सिद्धार्थ विरक्त हो कर लोकयात्रा को चला गया। ठीक आधी रात में उसके द्वारा निर्धारित करके कि यह सब दिखावा त्याग कर जन्म-मरण के पार देखने के लिए, वह तप करेगा, साधना करेगा और जीवन रहस्य जानने का प्रयास करेगा। (सब निकल जाते हैं।)

English :
The king asked the prince to return to the palace and enjoy himself.

The Prince rejected the king’s advice-he realised the futility of earthly pleasures.

MP Board Class 10th Sanskrit Solutions

MP Board Class 10th Sanskrit निबन्ध-लेखन प्रकरण

१. सदाचारः
(आचारः परमो धर्म:/आचारस्य महत्त्वम्)

अस्माकं भारतीया संस्कृतिः आचार-प्रधाना अस्ति। आचारः द्विविधः भवति-दुराचारः सदाचारः च। सताम् आचारः सदाचारः इत्युच्यते। सज्जनाः विद्वांसो च यथा आचरन्ति तथैव आचरणं। सदाचारो भवति। सज्जनाः स्वकीयानि इन्द्रियाणि वशे कृत्वा सर्वैः सह शिष्टतापूर्वकं व्यवहारं कुर्वन्ति। ते सत्यं वदन्ति, मातुः पितुः गुरुजनां वृद्धानां ज्येष्ठानां च आदरं कुर्वन्ति, तेषाम् आज्ञां पालयन्ति, सत्कर्मणि प्रवृत्ता भवन्ति।

Students can also download MP Board 10th Model Papers to help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

जनस्य समाजस्य राष्ट्रस्य च उन्नत्यै सदाचारस्य महती आवश्यकता वर्तते। सदाचारस्याभ्यासो बाल्यकालादेव भवति। सदाचारेण बुद्धिः वर्तते नरः धार्मिकः, शिष्टो, विनीतो, बुद्धिमान् च भवति। संसारे सदाचारस्यैव महत्त्वं दृश्यते। ये सदाचारिणः भवन्ति, ते एव सर्वत्र आदरं लभन्ते। यस्मिन् देशे जनाः सदाचारिणो भवन्ति तस्यैव सर्वतः उन्नतिर्भवति। अतएव महार्षिभिः “आचारः परमो धर्मः” इत्युच्यते। सदाचारी जनः परदारेषुमातृवत् परधनेषु लोष्ठवत्, सर्वभूतेषु च आत्मवत् पश्यति। सदाचारीजनस्य शीलम् एव परमं भूषणम् अस्ति। हिन्दी अनुवाद- सदाचार (आचार परम धर्म है/आचार का महत्व) हमारी भारतीय संस्कृति आचार (व्यवहार) प्रधान है। आचार दो प्रकार का होता है-दुराचार और सदाचार। सज्जनों का आचार, सदाचार’ कहा जाता है। सज्जन और विद्वान जैसा व्यवहार करते हैं वैसा ही आचरण सदाचार होता है। सज्जन अपनी इन्द्रियों को वश में करके सभी के साथ शिष्टतापूर्वक व्यवहार करते हैं। वे सत्य बोलते हैं, माता, पिता, गुरुजन, वृद्धों और बड़ों का आदर करते हैं, उनकी आज्ञा का पालन करते हैं, अच्छे कार्यों में लगते हैं। – व्यक्ति, समाज और राष्ट्र की उन्नति के लिए सदाचार की बहुत आवश्यकता है। सदाचार की आदत बचपन से ही होती है। सदाचार से बुद्धि बढ़ती है, मनुष्य धार्मिक, सभ्य, नम्र और बुद्धिमान होता है। संसार में सदाचार का ही महत्व दिखाई देता है। जो सदाचारी होते हैं, वे ही सब जगह सम्मान पाते हैं। जिस देश में लोग सदाचारी होते हैं उसकी ही सब प्रकार से उन्नति होती है। इसलिए ही महर्षियों के द्वारा “आचार परम धर्म है” यह कहा गया है। सदाचारी व्यक्ति दूसरे की स्त्रियों को माता के समान, दूसरे के धन को मिट्टी के ढेले के समान और सभी प्राणियों को अपने समान देखता है। सदाचारी व्यक्ति का व्यवहार ही सबसे बड़ा आभूषण होता है।

Sanskrit Nibandh 10th Class MP Board २. महाकवि कालिदासः
(मम प्रियः कविः)

महाकविः कालिदासः मम प्रियः कविः अस्ति। सः संस्कृत भाषायाः श्रेष्ठतमः कविः अस्ति। यादृशः रस-प्रवाहः कालिदासस्य काव्येषु विद्यते तादृशः अन्यत्र नास्ति। सः कविकुलशिरोमणिः अस्ति। कालिदासेन त्राणीनाटकानि, (मालविकाग्निमित्रम्, विक्रमोर्वशीयम्, अभिज्ञानशाकुन्तलम् च) द्वे महाकाव्ये (रघुवंशम् कुमारसम्भव च) द्वि गीतिकाव्ये (मेघदूतम् ऋतुसंहारम् च) च रचितानि।

कालिदासस्य लोकप्रियतायाः कारणं तस्य प्रसादगुणयुक्ता ललिता शैली अस्ति। कालिदासस्य प्रकृतिचित्रणं अतीवरम्यम् अस्ति। चरित्रचित्रणे कालिदासः अतीव पटुः अस्ति।

कालिदासः महाराजविक्रमादित्यस्य सभाकविः आसीत्। अनुमीयते यत्तस्य जन्मभूमिः उज्जीयनी आसीत्। मेघदूते उज्जयिन्याः भव्यं वर्णनं विद्यते। कालिदासस्य कृतिषु कृत्रिमतायाः अभावः अस्ति। कालिदासस्य उपमा प्रयोगः अपूर्वः अतः साधूच्यते-‘उपमा कालिदासस्य।’ हिन्दी अनुवाद- महाकवि कालिदास (मेरा प्रिय कवि) महाकवि कालिदास मेरे प्रिय कवि हैं। वह संस्कृत भाषा के श्रेष्ठतम् कवि हैं। जैसा रस का प्रवाह कालिदास के काव्यों में है वैसा दूसरे स्थान पर नहीं है। यह कवियों के कुल के शिरोमणि हैं। कालिदास ने तीन नाटक (मालविकाग्निमित्र, विक्रमोर्वशीय और अभिज्ञानशाकुन्तलम्) दो महाकाव्य (रघुवंश और कुमारसम्भव) और दो गीतिकाव्य रचे हैं। ___कालिदास की लोकप्रियता का कारण उनकी प्रसादगुण युक्त ललित शैली है। कालिदास का प्रकृति चित्रण बहुत सुन्दर है। चरित्र-चित्रण में कालिदास बहुत चतुर हैं। .. … कालिदास महाराज विक्रमादित्य के सभाकवि थे। माना जाता है कि इनकी जन्मभूमि उज्जयिनी थी। मेघदूत में उज्जयिनी का भव्य वर्णन है। कालिदास की रचनाओं में कृत्रिमता का अभाव है। कालिदास की उपमा का प्रयोग अनोखा है। इसलिए ठीक ही कहा गया है कि-“उपमा कालिदास की (सर्वश्रेष्ठ है)।”

मम प्रिय कवि कालिदास संस्कृत निबंध MP Board ३. विद्या-महिमा
(विद्याधनं सर्वधन-प्रधानम्/विद्या ददाति विनयम्/विद्या विहीनः – पशुः/विद्या सर्वस्य भूषणम्)

कस्यापि विषयस्य सम्यग् ज्ञानं यया भवति या विद्या कथ्यते।

अतः विद्यया एव मनुष्यः सत्य-असत्यं च जानाति। विद्या विनयं ददाति। पुरुषः विनयात् पात्रताम् आयाति। पात्रतया सः धनं प्राप्नोति, धनेन धर्म, धर्मेण च सुखं लभते। एतेन कारणेन सुखस्य आधारः विद्या एव अस्ति। . विद्या धनंव्यये कृते वृद्धिमायाति परन्तु संचये कृते क्षयमायाति। अतः विद्या अपूर्वं धनमस्ति। इदम् धनं चौरः हत्तुं न शक्नोति भ्राता विभाजयितुं न समर्थोऽअस्ति। विद्यावान् पुरुषः सर्वत्र उच्च स्थान प्राप्नोति। राजा केवलं स्वदेशेपूज्यते परन्तु विद्वान् सर्वत्र पूज्यते। विद्या अज्ञानस्य तिमिरं दूरीकरोति ज्ञानस्य प्रकाशं प्रसारयति च।

विद्या एव जगति मनुष्यस्य उन्नतिं करोति। विद्या एव कीर्तिं धनं च ददाति। विद्या वस्तुतः कल्पलता इव विद्यते। विदेशगमने विद्या परमसहायिका भवति। यस्य समीपे विद्या नास्ति सः नेत्रयुक्तः अपि अन्धः एव। विद्या माता इव रक्षति पिता इव हिते नियुङ्क्ते। हिन्दी अनुवाद- विद्या-महिमा (विद्या धन सभी धनों में प्रधान है/विद्या विनय देती है/विद्यो से विहीन पशु है/विद्या सभी का आभूषण है) – किसी भी विषय का उचित ज्ञान विद्या से होता है। अतः विद्या से ही मनुष्य सत्य और असत्य को जानता है। विद्या विनय देती है। पुरुष में विनय से पात्रता आती है। पात्रता से वह धन पाता है, धन से धर्म और धर्म से सुख प्राप्त करता है। इस कारण से सुख का आधार विद्या ही है। – विद्या धन व्यय करने पर वृद्धि को प्राप्त होता है किन्तु संचय करने पर कम होता जाता है। इसलिए विद्या धन अद्भुत धन है। इस धन को चोर चुरा नहीं सकता और भाई विभाजित नहीं कर सकता। विद्यावान् पुरुष सर्वत्र ऊँचा स्थान प्राप्त करता है। राजा केवल अपने देश में ही पूजा जाता है, किन्तु विद्वान् की पूजा (आदर) सर्वत्र होती है। विद्या अज्ञान के अन्धकार को दूर करती है तथा ज्ञान का प्रकाश. फैलाती है।

विद्या ही संसार में मनुष्य की उन्नति करती है। विद्या ही कीर्ति और धन देती है। विद्या वास्तव में कल्पलता के समान है। विदेश जाने पर विद्या परम सहायिका है। जिसके पास विद्या नहीं है वह आँखों वाला होता हुआ भी अन्धा ही है। विद्या माता के समान रक्षा करती है और पिता के समान हित के कार्यों में लगाती है।

मम प्रिय कवी संस्कृत निबंध MP Board ४. दीपावलिः

भारतवर्षे अनेके उत्सवाः भवन्ति। तेषु उत्सवेषु दीपावलिः एकः मुख्यः धार्मिकः उत्सवः अस्ति। दीपावलिः कार्तिकमासे कृष्णपक्षे अमावस्यायां भवति। मनुष्याः गृहाणि सुधया अङ्गनं च गोमयेन लिम्पन्ति। जनाः रात्रौ तैलैः वर्तिकाभिः च पूर्णान् दीपान् प्रज्वालयन्ति। ते धनदेव्याः लक्ष्म्याः पूजनं कुर्वन्ति। दीपैः नगरं प्रकाशितं भवति। बालाः बहुप्रकारकैः सफोटकैः मनोविनोदयन्ति। दीपावलीसमये वणिजोऽपि स्वान् आपणान् बहुविधं सज्जयन्ति। विद्युद्दीपकानां प्रकाशः आपणेषु नितरां शोभते। नानाविधानि वस्तूनि क्रयविक्रयार्थं प्रसारितानि भवन्ति। अयं कालः नात्युष्णो नाप्यतिशीतो भवति। तेन मोदन्तेऽस्मिन् महोत्सवे नराः नार्यश्च।

Anuched Lekhan In Sanskrit For Class 10 MP Board हिन्दी अनुवाद- दीपावली
भारतवर्ष में अनेकों उत्सव होते हैं। उन उत्सवों में दीपावली एक मुख्य धार्मिक उत्सव है। दीपावली कार्तिक मास के कृष्ण पक्ष में अमावस्या को होती है। मनुष्य घरों को सफेदी से और आँगन को गोबर से लीपते हैं। लोग रात में तेल और बत्तियों से भरे दीपकों को जलाते हैं। वे धन की देवी लक्ष्मी का पूजन करते हैं। दीपकों के द्वारा नगर प्रकाशित होता है। बच्चे अनेक प्रकार पटाखों से मनोरंजन करते हैं। दीपावली के समय व्यापारी भी अपनी दुकानों को अनेक प्रकार से सजाते हैं। बिजली के बल्बों की रोशनी बाजारों में बहुत शोभित होती है। अनेकों प्रकार की वस्तुएँ क्रय-विक्रय के लिए सजी होती हैं। यह समय न अधिक गर्म और न अधिक ठण्डा होता है। उससे स्त्री-पुरुष इस उत्सव में प्रसन्न होते हैं।

Sanskrit Nibandh Class 10th MP Board ५. अस्माकं देशः

भारतवर्षः अस्माकं देशः अस्ति। अस्य भूमिः विविधरत्नानां जननी अस्ति। अस्य प्राकृतिकी शोभा अनुपमा अस्ति। हिमालयः अस्य प्रहरी अस्ति। एषः उत्तरे मुकुटमणिः इव शोभते। सागरः। अस्य चरणौ प्रक्षालयति। अनेकाः पवित्रतमाः नद्यः अत्र वहन्ति। गङ्गा, गोदावरी, सरस्वती, यमुना प्रभृतयः नद्यः अस्य शोभां वर्द्धयति। अथं देशः सर्वासां विद्यानां केन्द्रम् अस्ति। अयं अनेकप्रदेशेषु विभक्त। अत्र विविधधर्मावलम्बिनः सम्प्रदायिनः जनाः निवसन्ति। अस्य संस्कृतिः धर्मपरम्परा च श्रेष्ठा अस्ति। अयं भू-स्वर्गः अपि वर्तते। ईश्वरस्य अवताराः अस्मिन् देशे सञ्जाताः। सङ्कटकाले वयं क्षुद्रभेदान् परित्यज्य देशहितं चिन्तयामः।

विशालं भूमण्डलं व्याप्य अयं देशः एशियामहाद्वीपस्य अन्यतमः राष्ट्रः सञ्जताः।
वयं सदा स्वराष्ट्रस्य रक्षां कर्तुम् उद्यताः स्याम।
कथितमस्ति-“जननी जन्मभूमिश्च स्वर्गादपि गरीयसी।”

हिन्दी अनुवाद- हमारा देश
भारतवर्ष हमारा देश है। इसकी भूमि विभिन्न रत्नों की जननी है। इसकी प्राकृतिक शोभा अनुपम है। हिमालय इसका प्रहरी है। यह उत्तर में मुकुटमणि के समान सुशोभित होता है। सागर इसके चरणों को धोता है। अनेको पवित्र नदियाँ यहाँ बहती हैं। गंगा, गोदावरी, सरस्वती तथा यमुना नदियाँ इसकी शोभा बढ़ाती हैं। यह देश सभी विद्याओं का केन्द्र है। यह अनेक प्रदेशों में विभक्त है। यहाँ अनेक धर्मों तथा सम्प्रदाय के लोग निवास करते हैं। इसकी संस्कृति और धर्म, परम्परा श्रेष्ठ है। यह पृथ्वी का स्वर्ग भी है। ईश्वर के अवतार इसी देश में हुए। संकट के समय हम छोटी-छोटी बातों को छोड़कर देश का हित सोचें। विशाल भूमि से परिपूर्ण यह देश एशिया महाद्वीप का एक राष्ट्र हो गया है। हम सदा अपने राष्ट्र की रक्षा करने के लिए तैयार हों। कहा गया है-“जननी और जन्मभूमि स्वर्ग से भी बढ़कर है।”

मम प्रिय कवि In Sanskrit MP Board ६. विद्यार्थी जीवनम्

छात्रजीवनमेव मानवजीवनस्य प्रभातवेला आधारशिला च वर्तते। समस्तजीवनस्य विकासस्य हासस्य वा कारणम् एतज्जीवनमेवास्ति। वस्तुतः विद्यार्थिजीवनं साधनामयं जीवनम्। अध्ययनं परमं तप उच्यते।

छात्रजीवने परिश्रमस्य महती आवश्यकता वर्तते। यः छात्रः आलस्यं त्यक्त्वा परिश्रमेण विद्याध्ययन करोति स एव साफल्यं लभते। अतएव छात्रैः प्रातःकाले ब्रह्ममुहूर्ते एव उत्थातव्यम्। कस्मैचित् कालाय भ्रमणाये अनिवार्यम्। ततः प्रतिनिवृत्य स्नानसन्ध्योपासनादिकं विधाय अध्ययनं कर्त्तव्यम्। तदान्तरं च लघुसात्विक भोजनं दुग्ध च महीत्वा विद्यालयं गन्तव्यम्। तत्र गत्वा गुरून् नत्वा अध्ययनं कर्त्तव्यम्। छात्रैः असत्यवादं न कदापि कर्त्तव्यम्।

छात्रजीवनं पूर्णतः अनुशासनबद्धं भवति। विद्यार्थिजीवने एव समस्तानां मानवोचितगुणानां विकास भवति। छात्र एव राष्ट्रस्ययानुपमा निधिरस्ति। अतः छात्राणां शारीरिकं चारित्रिकंच विकासं अत्यन्तानिवार्यम् विद्यार्थिजीवनमेव सम्पूर्णााँमिजीवनस्य आधारशिला। अतः तेषां सम्यक् रक्षणं, पोषणम् च कर्त्तव्यम्।

हिन्दी अनुवाद- विद्यार्थी जीवन
छात्र जीवन ही मानव की प्रभातवेला और आधारशिला है। समस्त जीवन के विकास या ह्रास का कारण यही जीवन है। वास्तव में विद्यार्थी जीवन साधनामय जीवन है। अध्ययन सबसे बड़ा तप कहा गया है।

छात्र जीवन में परिश्रम की बहुत आवश्यकता है। जो छात्र आलस्य को छोड़कर परिश्रम से विद्या का अध्ययन करता है वह ही सफलता पाता है। इसलिए ही छात्रों को प्रात:काल ब्रह्ममुहूर्त। में ही उठना चाहिए। कुछ समय के लिए घूमना भी अनिवार्य है।

वहाँ से लौटकर स्नान, सन्ध्या उपासना आदि करके अध्ययन करना चाहिए। उसके बाद थोड़ा-सा भोजन और दूध पीकर विद्यालय जाना चाहिए। वहाँ जाकर गुरुजनों को प्रणाम करके अध्ययन करना चाहिए। छात्रों को झूठ कभी नहीं बोलना चाहिए।

अत्र जीवन पूर्णरूप से अनुशासनबद्ध होता है। विद्यार्थी जीवन में ही समस्त मानवोचित गुणों का विकास होता है। छात्र ही राष्ट्र की अनुपम निधि है। इसलिए छात्रों का शारीरिक और चारित्रिक विकास अत्यन्त आवश्यक है। विद्यार्थी जीवन ही सम्पूर्ण आगे के जीवन की आधारशिला है। इसलिए उनकी अच्छी तरह से रक्षा और पोषण करना चाहिए।

Kalidas Nibandh In Sanskrit For Class 10 MP Board ७. सत्सङ्गति।

ये मनसा सद् विचारयन्ति, वचसा सद् वदन्ति वपुषा च सद् आचरन्ति ते सज्जनाः कथ्यन्ते। सतां सज्जनानां सङ्गतिः ‘सत्सङ्गतिः’ कथ्यते। ये सज्जनाः साधवः पवित्र-आत्मानाः सन्ति, तेषां संगत्या मनुष्यः, सज्जनः साधुः शिष्टश्व भवति। ये दुर्जनाः सन्ति तेषां संगत्या मनुष्यो दुर्जनो भवति, पतनं विनाशं च प्राप्नोति। मनुष्यस्योपरि सङ्गतेः महान् प्रभावो भवति। यादृशैः पुरुषैः सह सः निवसति, तादृशः एव स भवति। तथा चोक्तम्

“संसर्गजा दोषगुणा भवन्ति।”
सज्जानानां संगत्या मनुष्य उन्नतिं प्राप्नोति। तस्य विद्या कीर्तिश्च वर्धते। सङ्गत्याः प्रबलः प्रभावो वर्तते। बालकस्य कोमलं शरीरम् अपरिपक्वं च मस्तिष्कं भवति। सः यादृशैः बालकैः सह पठति, क्रीडति, गच्छति तादृशः एव जायते। अत एव विद्यायशोबलसुखवृद्धये सत्सङ्गः करणीयः।

Essay On Madhya Pradesh In Sanskrit MP Board हिन्दी अनुवाद- सत्संगति
जो मन से अच्छा सोचते हैं, वाणी से अच्छा बोलते हैं और शरीर से अच्छा आचरण करते हैं, वे सज्जन कहे जाते हैं। सज्जनों की संगति सत्संगति’ कही जाती है। जो सज्जन, साधु और पवित्र आत्मा वाले होते हैं, उनकी संगति से मनुष्य सज्जन, साधु और शिष्ट होता है। जो दुर्जन हैं उनकी संगति से मनुष्य दुर्ग होता है और उसका पतन और विनाश होता है। मनुष्य के ऊपर संगति का बड़ा प्रभाव होता है। जैसे मनुष्यों के साथ वह रहता है, वैसा ही हो जाता है। कहा गया है

“दोष और गुण साथ में रहने से होते हैं।”
सज्जनों की संगति से मनुष्य उन्नति प्राप्त करता है। उसकी विद्या और कीर्ति बढ़ती है। संगति का बहुत प्रभाव होता है। बालक का कोमल शरीर और कच्चा मस्तिष्क होता है। वह जैसे बालकों के साथ पढ़ता है, खेलता है, जाता है, वैसा ही हो जाता है। इसलिए ही विद्या, यश, बल और सुख की वृद्धि के लिए सत्संग करना चाहिए।

MP Board Class 10th Sanskrit Solutions

MP Board Class 10th Sanskrit Solutions Durva Chapter 1 शिवसङ्कल्पमस्तु (पद्यम्) (यजुर्वेदात्)

MP Board Class 10th Sanskrit Chapter 1 पाठ्यपुस्तक के प्रश्न

Class 10 Sanskrit Chapter 1 MP Board प्रश्न 1.
एकपदेन उत्तरं लिखत-(एक पद में उत्तर लिखो)
(क) मनः जाग्रतः कुत्र उदैति? (जाग्रत पुरुष का मन कहाँ जाता है?)
उत्तर:
मनः जाग्रतः दूरम उदैति। (जाग्रत पुरुष का मन दूर जाता है।)

(ख) प्रजानाम् अन्तः स्थितं किम्? (प्राणियों के अन्दर क्या स्थित है?)
उत्तर:
प्रजानाम् अन्तः मनः स्थितः। (प्राणियों में (के भीतर) मन स्थित है।)

(ग) मनसः ऋते किंचन किं न क्रियते? (मन के बिना क्या कुछ नहीं किया जाता है?)
उत्तर:
मनसः ऋते किंचन कर्म न क्रियते। (मन के बिना कुछ भी कर्म नहीं किया जाता।)

कक्षा 10 संस्कृत पाठ 1 MP Board प्रश्न 2.
एकवाक्येन उत्तरं लिखत-(एक वाक्य में उत्तर लिखिए-)
(क) मे मनः किम् अस्तु? (मेरा मन कैसा हो?)
उत्तर:
में मनः शिवसङ्कल्पम् अस्तु। (मेरा मन कल्याणकारी सङ्कल्प वाला हो।)

(ख) मनसा सप्तहोता कः तायते? (मन से सात होताओं वाला क्या सम्पादित किया जाता है।)
उत्तर:
मनसा सप्तहोता यज्ञः तायते। (मन से सात होताओं वाला यज्ञ सम्पादित किया जाता है।)

(ग) मनसि प्रजानां सर्वं किम् ओतम्? (मन में प्राणियों का सारा क्या भरा है?)
उत्तर:
मनसि प्रजानां सर्वं चित्तम् ओतम्। (मन में प्राणियों का सारा ज्ञान भरा है।)

MP Board Class 10 Science Solutions

Sanskrit Class 10 Chapter 1 Mp Board प्रश्न 3.
अधोलिखितप्रश्नानाम् उत्तराणि लिखत (नीचे लिखे प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए-)
(क) मनसा के यज्ञे विदथेषु कर्माणि कृण्वन्ति? (मन से कौन यज्ञ व ज्ञान-उपासनाओं में कर्म करते हैं?)
उत्तर:
मनसा अपसः धीराः मनीषणः यज्ञे विदथेषु कर्माणि कुर्वन्ति। (मन से कर्मवान्, धैर्यवान् और बुद्धिमान, पुरुष यज्ञ में व ज्ञान-उपासनाओं में कर्म करते हैं।)

(ख) अमृतेन किं परिगृहीतम्? (अमृत से क्या माना जाता है?)
उत्तर:
अमृतेन इंद भूतं भुवनं भविष्यत् सर्वम् परिगृहीतम्। (अमृत से भूतकाल, वर्तमान काल तथा भविष्यकाल की सांसारिक सारी वस्तुएँ मानी जाती हैं।

(ग) मनसि ऋचः साम यजूंषि कथं प्रतिष्ठिताः? (मन में ऋचाएँ, साममन्त्र व यजुर्मन्त्र कैसे स्थित हैं?)
उत्तर:
मनसि ऋचः सामः यजूंषि रथनाभौ अराः इव प्रतिष्ठिताः। (मन में ऋचाएँ, साममन्त्र व यजुर्मन्त्र, रथ चक्र की नाभि में तिल्लियों के समान स्थित हैं।)

Class 10th Sanskrit Chapter 1 MP Board प्रश्न 4.
प्रदत्तशब्दैः रिक्तस्थानानि पूरयत (दिए हुए शब्दों से रिक्त स्थान भरिए-)
(सप्तहोता, मनः ऋते)

(क) तन्मे ……………. शिवसङ्कल्पमस्तु।
उत्तर:
तन्मे मनः शिवङ्कल्पमस्तु।

(ख) यस्मान्न ……………. किंचन कर्म क्रियते।
उत्तर:
यस्मान्न ऋते किंचन कर्म क्रियते।

(ग) येन यज्ञस्तायते …………….
उत्तर:
येन यज्ञस्तायते सप्तहोताः।

कक्षा 10 संस्कृत अध्याय 1 सवाल जवाब MP Board प्रश्न 5.
यथायोग्यं योजयत-(योग्यतानुसार (उचित रूप में) जोड़िए-)

उत्तर:

कक्षा 10 संस्कृत का पहला पाठ MP Board प्रश्न 6.
शुद्धवाक्यानां समक्षम् ‘आम् अशुद्धवाक्यानां समक्षम् ‘न’ इति लिखत –
(शुद्ध वाक्यों के सामने ‘आम्’ तथा अशुद्ध वाक्यों के सामने ‘न’ लिखिए-)
(क) मनः दूरङ्गमम् अस्ति।
(ख) मे मनः शिवसङ्कल्पं न अस्तु।
(ग) मनः अपूर्वम् अस्ति।
उत्तर:
(क) आम्
(ख) न
(ग) आम्।

कक्षा 10 संस्कृत प्रथम पाठ MP Board प्रश्न 7.
एकवचनतः बहुवचने परिवर्तयत-(एकवचन से बहुवचन में बदलिए-)

उत्तर:

Mp Board Class 10 Sanskrit Chapter 1 पश्न 8.
रेखाङ्कितपदान्याधृत्य प्रदत्तशब्दैः प्रश्ननिर्माणं कुरुत –
(रेखांकितपदों के आधार पर दिए गए शब्दों से प्रश्न बनाइए-)।
(केन, कस्मिन्, कस्य)
(क) मनः सुप्तस्य यथा एव एति। (सोए हुए पुरुष का मन वैसे ही लौट आता है।)
उत्तर:
मनः कस्य तथा एव एति? (मन किसका वैसे ही लौट आता है?)

(ख) येन धीराः कर्माणि कृण्वन्ति। (जिसके द्वारा धैर्यवान् कर्म करते हैं।)
उत्तर:
केन धीराः कर्माणि कृण्वन्ति? (किसके द्वारा धैर्यवान् कर्म करते हैं?)

(ग) यस्मिन् वेदाः प्रतिष्ठिताः। (जिसमें वेद स्थित हैं।)
उत्तर:
कस्मिन् वेदाः प्रतिष्ठिताः? (किसमें वेद स्थित हैं?)

योग्यताविस्तार –

पाठे आगतान् मन्त्रान् कण्ठस्थ कुरुत।
(पाठ में आए हुए मन्त्रों को कण्ठस्थ करो।)

समूहे एकाकी वा मन्त्राणां पाठं कुरुत।।
(समूह में या अकेले मन्त्रों का पाठ (जप) करो।

शिवसङ्कल्पमस्तु पाठ का सार

प्रस्तुत पाठ में ‘यजुर्वेद’ से संकलित कुछ मंत्र हैं, जिनमें मन को पवित्र तथा कल्याणकारी सङ्कल्प वाला होने की प्रार्थना प्रभु से की गई है, जिससे प्राणियों के सभी इच्छित कार्य सम्पन्न हो सकें।

शिवसङ्कल्पमस्तु पाठ का अनुवाद

1. ॐयज्जायाग्रतो दूरमुदति दैवं तद् सुप्तस्य तथैवैति।
दूरङ्गमं ज्योतिषां ज्योतिरेकं तन्मे मनः शिवसङ्कल्पमस्तु ॥1॥
अन्वय:
यत् जाग्रतः दूरम् उदैति, यत् दैवम्, तत् सुप्तस्य तथा एव एति, यत् दूरङ्गमम्, यत् ज्योतिषाम् एकं ज्योतिः, तत् मे मनः शिवसङ्कल्पमस्तु।।

शब्दार्था :
यत्-जो (मन)-The mind which; जाग्रतः-जाग्रत पुरुष का-of the waking person; उदैति-जाता है-goes; दैवम्-आत्मद्रष्टा-The viewer of self; सुप्तस्य-सोए हुए पुरुष का-of the sleeping person; एति-लौट आता है-returns, retreats; दूरङ्गमम्-भूत, भविष्य, वर्तमान सबको जानने वाला/दूर जाने वाला- one who goes far, one who knows the past, future and present; ज्योतिषाम्-इन्द्रियों का-of the senses; शिवसङ्कल्पम्-कल्याणकारी सङ्कल्प वाला-with resolve of welfare; अस्तु-हो-may be.

Sanskrit Class 10th Chapter 1 MP Board अनुवाद :
हे प्रभु! जाग्रत पुरुष का जो मन दूर जाता है, जो आत्मद्रष्टा (स्वयं को देखने वाला) है, और वह सोए हुए पुरुष का वैसे ही लौट आता है, जो भूत, भविष्य व वर्तमान सबको जानने वाला है, जो सब इन्द्रियों की एक ज्योति (प्रकाशक) है, वह मेरा मन कल्याणकारी सङ्कल्प वाला हो।

English :
Mind of waking person goes far-views self-mind of sleeping person retreats. Mind knows all times-enlightens the senses. May it prove to be of beneficial and auspicious resolve.

2. ॐयेन कर्माण्यपसो मनीषिणो यज्ञे कृण्वन्ति विदधेषु धीरा।
यदपूर्वं यक्षमन्तः प्रजानां तन्मे मनः शिवसङ्कल्पमस्तु ॥2॥
अन्वय :
येन अपसः धीराः मनीषिणः यज्ञे विदथेषु कर्माणि कृण्वन्ति यत् अपूर्वम्, यक्षम्, प्रजानामन्तः, तत् से मनः शिवसङ्कल्पमस्तु।

शब्दार्था :
येन-जिस मन के द्वारा-Through which (mind); अपसः-कर्मवान् पुरुष-the person who performs actions; विदधेषु-ज्ञान या उपासनाओं में-in knowledge or worshipperform; कृण्वन्ति-करते हैं, यत्-जो मन-which (mind); अपूर्वम्-सर्वप्रथम उत्पन्न-primordial; यक्षम्-यज्ञ सम्पादन में समर्थ या पूज्य-capable of performing a sacrifice or adorable (venerable).

Sanskrit Class 10 Chapter 1 MP Board अनुवाद :
हे प्रभु! जिसके द्वारा कर्मवान्, धैर्यवान् तथा बुद्धिमान, पुरुष यज्ञ में, ज्ञान या उपासनाओं में कर्म करते हैं, जो सर्वप्रथम उत्पन्न है, यज्ञ सम्पादन में समर्थ है तथा जीवों के अन्दर है, वह मेरा मन कल्याणकारी सङ्कल्प वाला हो।

English :
Mind inspires dutiful, forbearing and intelligent persons for performing sacrifices, seeking knowledge and doing worship. Primordial, capable of performing sacrifice and existing in all creatures.

3. ॐ यत्प्रज्ञानमुत चेतो धृतिश्च यज्जयोतिरन्तरमृतं प्रजासु।
यस्मान्न ऋते किंचन कर्म क्रियते तन्मे मनः शिवसङ्कल्पमस्तु ॥3॥
अन्वय :
यत् प्रज्ञानम्, उत चेतः, धृतिः च यत् प्रजासु अन्तः अमृतं ज्योतिः, यस्मात् ऋते किंचन कर्म न क्रियते, तत् मे मनः शिवसङ्कल्पमस्तु।

शब्दार्था :
प्रज्ञानम्-प्रकर्ष ज्ञान का साधन-Source of supreme knowledge; चेतः-सामान्य-विशेष ज्ञान कराने वाला-One who bestows general and special knowledge; धृतिः-धैर्य स्वरूप-forbearing; प्रजासु-जीवों में-among creatures; ज्योतिः-प्रकाशक है-Light (giver of light); किंचन-कुछ भी-nothing.

Sanskrit Class 10th MP Board अनुवाद :
हे प्रभु! जो प्रकर्ष ज्ञान का साधन तथा सामान्य विशेष ज्ञान कराने वाला है, धैर्य स्वरूप है और जो जीवों के अन्दर अमर प्रकाशक है, जिसके बिना कोई भी कर्म नहीं किया जाता, ऐसा मेरा मन कल्याणकारी सङ्कल्प वाला हो।

English :
Mind-source of supreme knowledge, be tower of knowledge, forbearing-immortal light among creatures-promoter of all activities.

4. ॐ येनेदं भूतं भुवनं भविष्यत्परिगृहीतममृतेन सर्वम् ।
येन यज्ञस्तायते सप्तहोता तन्मे मनः शिवसङ्कल्पमस्तु ॥4॥
अन्वय :
येन अमृतेन इदं भूतं भविष्यत् सर्वम् परिगृहीतम्, येन सप्तहोता यज्ञः तायते, तत् मे मनः शिवसङ्कल्पमस्तु।

शब्दार्था :
अमृतेन-अमर मन के द्वारा-Through immortal mind; भुवनम्-वर्तमान काल का-of the present; सर्वम्-सांसारिक सारी वस्तुएँ-all the worldly objects; परिगृहीतम्-माना जाता है-is considered (known as); सप्तहोता-सात होताओं वाला-by seven priests; तायते-सम्पादित किया जाता है-is performed.

Mp Board Class 10th Sanskrit Chapter 1 अनुवाद :
हे प्रभु! जिसके अमृत मन के द्वारा भूतकाल, वर्तमान काल और भविष्यत काल की सारी सांसारिक वस्तुओं का ग्रहण किया जाता है, जिसके द्वारा सात होताओं वाला यज्ञ सम्पादित किया जाता है, वह मेरा मन कल्याणकारी सङ्कल्प वाला हो।

English-The mind-attains everything in all ages (past, present and future. Which causes the completion of seven-priestly sacrifices.

5. ॐयस्मिन्नृचः साम यजूंषि यस्मिन् प्रतिष्ठिताः रथनाभाविवार ।
यस्मिंश्चित्तं सर्वमोतं प्रजानां तन्मे मनः शिवसङ्कल्पमस्तु॥5॥

शब्दार्था :
यस्मिन्-जिस मन में-in which (mind); साम-साम मन्त्र-hymns of Sama Veda; यजूंषि-यजुर्मन्त्र-hymns of Yajur Veda; रथनाभौ-रथ चक्र की नाभि में-in the axle (hub)of the wheel of the chariot; अराः इव-तिल्लियों की तरह-like the spokes; प्रज्ञानाम्-प्राणियों का-of the animate beings; चित्तम्-ज्ञान -knowledge; ओतभ-भरा है-is full (replete).

Class 10 Sanskrit Chapter 1 Question Answer Pdf अनुवाद :
हे प्रभु! जिस मन में ऋचाएँ, साम मन्त्र, यजुर्मन्त्र रथ चक्र की नाभि में तिल्लियों की तरह विराजमान हैं, जिस में प्राणियों का सारा ज्ञान भरा है, वह मेरा मन कल्याणकारी सङ्कल्प वाला हो।

English :
Mind-The container of Vedic hymns-full of all knowledge related to animate beings.

MP Board Class 10th Sanskrit Solutions

Are you seeking for the Madhya Pradesh Board Solutions 10th English Chapter 4 To the Cuckoo Questions and Answers PDF? If yes, then read this entire page. Here, we are giving a direct link to download MP Board Class 10th English Solutions Questions and Answers PDF which contains the chapter wise questions, solutions, and grammar topics. You can also get the shortcuts to solve the grammar related questions on this page.

MP Board Class 10th English The Rainbow Solutions Chapter 4 To the Cuckoo (William Wordsworth)

For the sake of students we have gathered the complete 10th English Chapter 4 To the Cuckoo Questions and Answers can provided in pdf Pattern. Refer the chapter wise MP Board Class 10th English Solutions Questions and Answers Topics and start the preparation. You can estimate the importance of each chapter, find important English grammar concepts which are having more weightage. Concentrate on the important grammar topics from Madhya Pradesh Board Solutions for 10th English Chapter 4 To the Cuckoo Questions and Answers PDF, prepare well for the exam.

To the Cuckoo Textbook Exercises

To the Cuckoo Vocabulary

I. Note down the exact meaning of the following words:
wander, stride, stamp, creep, lotter, limp, stroll, rove.
Answer:
Word : Meaning
Wander: To walk slowly around without any direction or purpose.
Stride : To walk with long steps. Stamp : To crash by putting down the foot with force.
Creep : To crawl, sweeping the ground with the belly.
Loiter : To linger about in a public place usually with no obvious reason. To go with a lame gait.
Limp: To walk lamely Stroll To ramble (saunter from place to place).
Rove : To travel from one place to another, often with no definite purpose.

II. Match the words given under A with the meanings given under B.

Answer:

III. Use the following words in your own sentences.
wood, woods, sweet, sweets, blind, blinds issue, issues, spring, springs.
Answer:
Word : Usage
Wood : Our doors are made of wood.
Woods : Beasts live in the woods.
Sweet : She has a very sweet nature.
Sweets : A patient of diabetes should avoid eating sweets.
Blind : The old man has gone blind.
Blinds : Draw/lower the blinds on the curtain.
Issue : The Principal issued me the character certificate.
Issues : Alas! the old man has no issues.
Spring : Spring is the king of seasons.
Springs : Springs gush out of the mountains.

iv . Say the following words correctly,
though, thou, thee
Answer:

To the Cuckoo Comprehension

A. Answer the following questions in about 25 words.

To The Cuckoo Poem Questions And Answers MP Board Question 1.
How does the poet address the cuckoo in the beginning of the poem and why does he do so?
Answer:
The poet, William Wordsworth, addresses the cuckoo as the Blithe Newcomer’ in the beginning of the poem. He calls it a newcomer because its song captivates and moves him to supreme spiritual joy.

Mp Board Class 10 English Chapter 4  Question 2.
Why does the poet choose to call the cuckoo a wandering voice?
Answer:
The poet is lying on the grass. He hears the cuckoo’s two fold shout. Sometimes it goes far off. At other times, it comes too near. He calls the cuckoo a wandering voice because it wanders from hill to hill.

Class 10 English Chapter 4 Mp Board Question 3.
What does the cuckoo bring to the poet?
Answer:
The cuckoo sings in the sunny and flowery valley. It moves the poet to supreme spiritual joy. It transports him to a land of bliss. It revives the memory of a visionary tale in him.

To The Cuckoo Poem Questions And Answers Mp Board Question 4.
What did the cuckoo make the poet do during his school days?
Answer:
The poet used to listen to the cuckoo’s song during his school days. The cuckoo’s cry enchanted his heart. It urged him to see the invisible bird. Therefore, he wandered through woods and plains to seek her.

To The Cuckoo Poem Questions And Answers Pdf MP Board Question 5.
How does the earth appear to the poet after hearing the cuckoo’s voice?
Answer:
The earth appears substantial and physical to the poet. His attitude towards earth has changed after hearing the cuckoo’s voice. Now the earth appears unreal like the fairyland. (It shows that Wordsworth’s attitude to nature was ever-changing).

B. Answer the following questions in about 50 words.

To The Cuckoo Poem Summary In Hindi MP Board Question 1.
What does the poet seek to convey in the following stanza:

Thrice welcome, darling of the Spring!
Even yet thou art to me.
No bird but an invisible thing,
A voice, a mystery.
Answer:
The poet calls the cuckoo as the darling of spring. Its song is sweeter than the song of other birds. Even the spring season is proud of her. The poet welcomes her again and again. He considers the cuckoo like an invisible thing (fairy) whose voice is a mystery. He treats the cuckoo as a divine bird and not an earthly bird.

To The Cuckoo Poem In Hindi MP Board Question 2.
Describe the various ways in which the poet addresses the cuckoo in the poem.
Answer:
The poet addresses the cuckoo in various ways. In the first stanza he calls it as a ‘Blithe Newcomer’ and ‘a wandering voice.” Then he calls it as ‘Darling of the Spring’, ‘an invisible thing’, ‘a voice’, ‘a mystery.’ Last of all he calls it ‘a blessed bird’.

Speaking Skill 

A. Speak aloud the following rhyming words

Answer:

B. You must have learnt a lot about the various habits and behaviour patterns of different kinds of birds.
Tell your classmates about your favourite bird and its appearance.
Answer:
Some birds sing more than necessary. Many birds like gulls live in flocks. Some birds do not sing in the usual manner but make loud noises which serves the purpose of a song. A male grey heron gives a loud cry every half minute so long as it is unmatched. The woodpecker drums to attract the females.

My favourite bird is a male nightingale. While it sings it looks continuously round in all directions. It usually sings every morning from the same place. It stops singing when a female arrives. It becomes silent after it has mated. The nightingale is larger than the cuckoo.

Writing Skill

Mp Board Class 10 English Workbook Solutions Chapter 4 Question 1.
‘Nature is a great teacher,’ Elaborate the thought. (50 words)
Answer:
Wordsworth felt that nature leads one from joy to joy. He believed that nature was a living being. For him, nature was a supreme spirit. Its sole purpose was to delight and teach human beings. There is a mystic bond between nature and man. Nature reflects his own mood. He also saw hearing power in nature. Nature to Wordsworth was everything. Nature is ready to guide anyone who would care to be guided by her. Nature can teach about morals, evil and of good more than the sages. Nature never betrays the heart that loves it.

Chapter 4 English Class 10 Mp Board Question 2.
‘God’s grandeur is reflected in the beauty of nature,’ Expand the idea. (150 words)
Answer:
Nature is the creation of.’God. Nature in all phases is beautiful. The barren deserts, the icy and windy hills are beauties of nature. The sight of springing leaves and flowers and other plants in the spring season are charming sights. We can enjoy the beauty of daffodils in April. The songs of,the flowers and old songs of the sea are equally enchanting. The sunrise and sunset, the warmth of spring season and the waving flowers gladden one’s heart. The arched white sails of the ship, the songs of the blossom and the rhythmic sweet tone of the sea are all enchanting. Nature is at its youth in spring season. Winter ends and trees are laden with beautiful flowers and fruits. The sight of hills, mountains, valleys, chasms, rivers, streams, springs and ravines are soothing to eyes. It seems that God’s grandeur is reflected in the beauty of nature.

Think It Over

To The Cuckoo Summary In Hindi MP Board Question 1.
Seeing beautiful things brings happiness. Thinking of them brings equal happiness. Does it mean happiness lies with in? Ponder and pen your thought.
Answer:
The tourists go from place to place in search of beautiful things. They are happy when they see beautiful things with their own eyes. They enjoy their beauty and feel happiness. The sight of new things in the lap of nature fills one’s heart with over flowing joy. Sometimes we do not virtually see the beautiful things but think of them. That too brings us equal happiness. The thought of going on a tour, seeing nature’s beauty, attending a marriage party or meeting some close relative fills our heart with immense pleasure. It shows that happiness is within one’s heart. A grieved heart does not find any happiness even in the garden of Eden.

Mp Board Class 10 English Book Solution Chapter 4 Question 2.
Happiness in heart, peace in mind, a healthy body, nature in the eyes and a song on the lips. What else is the life? Think and give your thought the wings of words.
Answer:
Happiness in heart, peace in mind, a healthy body, nature in the eyes and a song on the lips cover a major portion of life. They form the better part of life. Life would be perfect if we have a trusted friend, a full purse and freedom of movement also. There should be somebody with us to share our happiness and woes.

Things To Do

Go to the library and find poems written on birds, such as: the skylark, the eagle, the peacock, the nightingale etc. Keep a collection of such poems in your project book.
Answer:
For self-attempt.

To the Cuckoo Additional Important Questions

A. Read the stanzas and answer questions that follow:

1. O Blithe newcomer ! I have heard,
I hear thee and rejoice:
O Cuckoo! shall call thee Bird,
or but a wandering Voice? (Page 23)

Questions:
(i) Name the poem and the poet.
(ii) Whom does the poet hear? How does he feel?
(iii) What does the poet mean by the expression “wandering voice”?
Answers:
(i) ‘To the Cuckoo’; William Wordsworth.
(ii) The poet hears the Cuckoo. He simply rejoices.
(iii) The “wandering voice” signifies that the Cuckoo wanders from one place to another and so does his cheerful and lively voice.

2. While l am lying on the grass
The two fold shout I hear;
From hill to hill it seems to pass
At once far off and near. (Page 23) (M.P. Board 2016)

Questions:
(a) The poet of these lines is:
(i) William Cowper
(ii) William Wordsworth
(iii) Robert Allen Dromgoole
Answers:
(ii) William Wordsworth

(b) The one word used for ‘sounding at high pitch’ in the above stanza is.
(i) shout
(ii) whisper
(iii) sing
(iv) weep
Answers:
(i) shout

(c) What seems to pass from hill to hill?
(i) The cuckoo’s twofold shout seems to pass from till to hill.
(ii) The nightingale’s sweet voice.
(iii) The shouting of the children.
Answers:
(c) The cuckoo’s twofold shout seems to pass from hill to hill.

3. Of visionary hours.
Thrice welcome, darling of the Spring!
Even yet thou art to me
No bird, but an invisible thing.
A voice, a mystery; (Page 24)

Questions:
(a) The above lines occur in the poem
(i) Good Will
(ii) To the Cuckoo
(iii) If
(iv) All the Words is a Stage
Answers:
(i) To the Cuckoo

(b) The one word used for ‘loved one’ in the above stanza is
(i) visionary
(ii) darling
(iii) spring
(iv) invisible
Answers:
(ii) Darling

(c) Who is referred to as ‘darling of the spring’?
(i) The little girl
(ii) The nightingale
(iii) The Cuckoo
(iv) The sparrow
Answers:
(iii) The Cuckoo

I. Match the following:

1. Cuckoo – (a) shout
2. Twofold – (b) darling of the spring
3. Vale – (c) voice
4. Invisible – (d) wandering voice
5. Thrice welcome – (e) of sunshine and of flowers.
Answer:
1. (d), 2. (a), 3. (e), 4. (c), 5. (b).

II. Pick up the correct choice:

A. I hear thee and ……………… (merry/rejoice)
B. Shall I call thee bird or a ………….. (strolling/wandering)
C. While I am lying on the (sand/grass), the two fold (shout/voice) I hear.
D. Though (bubbling/babbling) only to the Vale.
Answer:
A. rejoice
B. wandering
C. grass; shout
D. babbling.

III. Write ‘True’ or ‘False’.

1. The poet hears threefold shout of the Cuckoo.
2. The Cuckoos shout seems to pass from hill to hill.
3. The Cuckoo babbles only to the vale of sunshine and flowers.
4. The poet calls the cuckoo the bringer of the spring.
5. The poet often roved through woods and on the green to seek the Cuckoo.
Answer:
1. False, 2. True, 3. True, 4. False, 5. True.

IV. Fill in the following blanks:

1. I ________ thee and rejoice.
2. From ________ the cuckoos shout passes.
3. Thou bringest unto me a tale of ___ hours.
4. To seek thee did I often …
5. And thou were still a ., a love.
Answer:

1. hear
2. hill to hill
3. visionary
4. rove
5. hope.

V. Fill in the following blanks:

1. …………… (Twice/Thrice) welcome, darling of the Spring!
2. The same in my …………… (childhood/schoolboy) days.
3. And I can listen to ………….. (you/thee) yet.
4. And listen, till I do ……………… (get/beget) that golden time again.
Answer:

1. Thrice
2. school boy
3. thee
4. beget.

B. Short Answer Type Questions (In about 25 words)

Question 1.
Give a brief sketch of William Wordsworth.
Answer:
William Wordsworth was a great admirer and a sincere lover of nature. He treated nature as his guide, guardian and soul of his moral being. He was a devoted worshipper of nature. He composed many of his poems on natural objects.

Question 2.
When and where did the poet see the Cuckoo?
Answer:
It was the spring season. The poet, Wordsworth, was lying on the grass in a valley, full of flowers. The valley was surrounded by hills. It was an enjoyable season both for the poet and the Cuckoo. The poet saw the Cuckoo flying from hill to hill.

Question 3.
Why did Wordsworth rove through the woods and on the green during his schoolboy days?
Answer:
Wordsworth was a lover and worshipper of nature ever since his school days. He used to listen to the Cuckoo’s voice. He found it quite charming. Then he looked around in bushes, trees and sky. As he could not find the Cuckoo anywhere he tried to seek it through woods and on the green.

Question 4.
How does the poet feel indebted to the Cuckoo?
Answer:
The poet calls the Cuckoo a God’s gifted creature. She spreads gladness all around the poet. She brings harmony to nature. She is like an enigma that cannot be explained. The poet feels indebted to the cuckoo for filling his heart and the environment with joy and happiness. She soothes his soul and calms his nerves. Her song sends a wave of contentment to him. He wonders whether the voice is of a bird or a human.

C. Long Answer Type Questions (In about 50 words)

Question 1.
Describe Wordsworth as the poet of nature.
Answer:
Wordsworth was a great priest of nature. Nature to him was everything. His political frustration increased his interest in nature. His passion mingled itself with the landscape. Wordsworth’s attitude towards nature continued changing throughout his life. It started with animal and sensuous pleasures and ended on a mystic night. God and nature became one for him. He accepted nature as his spiritual guide and teacher. It led him from sheer joy to joy. Nature for him was like a nurse who healed his wounds.

Question 2.
Compare Wordsworth with Coleridge.
Answer:
Coleridge’s attitude to nature in his early phase of poetic career was similar to Wordsworth’s. Both of them felt disillusioned with the consequences of the French Revolution. Both sought solace in nature. Both felt nature to be a guiding spirit and teacher. Once Coleridge made his weeping infant smile by treating him to the beauty of the moon. In the beginning Coleridge believed along with Wordsworth that ’Nature never betrays the heart that loves her. It leads one from shees joy to joy.’

Question 3.
Contrast Coleridge with Wordsworth.
Answer:
With the passage of time Coleridge realised that joy cames from within, not from external nature. He also failed to find the same healing power in nature as Wordsworth did. He also called nature as something essentially external, which only mirrors a man’s mood, be it of joy or sorrow’. He called passion and life as internal, having nothing to do with nature or anything external. But for Wordsworth nature was everything. It gave him real pleasure.

To the Cuckoo Introduction

The poet welcomes the cuckoo as a ‘Blithe Newcomer’. The bird’s song gives him immense joy. It moves him to supreme spiritual joy.

To the Cuckoo Summary in English

William Wordsworth welcomes the cuckoo as a ‘Blithe Newcomer’. Its song captivates him. The cuckoo wanders from hill to hill. Sometimes the poet hears its voice as if it is very close to him. At other times it, goes far. The poet calls her ‘darling of the spring’ and ‘a mysterious voice’.As a school boy, the poet heard the cuckoo’s voice. He loved the voice but never saw the cuckoo. He longs for the return of the old golden times. He calls the bird ‘blessed’. She has turned the ‘unreal’ earth into a fairy place.

To the Cuckoo Summary in Hindi

विलियम वर्ड्सवर्थ कोयल का ‘प्रसन्न नवागन्तुक’ के रूप में स्वागत करता है। उसका गीत उसे मन्त्रमुग्ध कर देता है। कोयल पहाड़ियों के ऊपर उड़ती रहती है। कई बार उसकी आवाज नजदीक से आती लगती है, दूसरे समय वह दूर चली जाती है। कवि उसे ‘वसन्त की प्रेमिका’ और ‘रहस्यमयी आवाज’ कहकर पुकारता है। स्कूली छात्र के रूप में कवि ने कोयल की आवाज सुनी थी। उसे उसकी आवाज से अनुराग हो गया, परन्तु उसने कोयल कभी नहीं देखी। वह इच्छा करता है कि वह पुराना स्वर्णिम समय लौट आए। वह पक्षी को ‘धन्य’ कहता है। उसने ‘असार’ पृथ्वी को परियों का काल्पनिक स्थान बना दिया है।

To the Cuckoo Word-Meanings

Some Important Pronunciations

Hope that the above shaped information regarding the Madhya Pradesh Board Solutions for 10th English Chapter 4 To the Cuckoo Questions and Answers is useful for making your preparation effective. View our website regularly to get other subjects solutions.

In this article, we will share MP Board Class 10th Social Science Book Solutions Chapter 16 Rural Development and Employment Guarantee Scheme Pdf, These solutions are solved subject experts from the latest edition books.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Solutions Chapter 16 Rural Development and Employment Guarantee Scheme

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Chapter 16 Text book Exercises

Objective Type Questions

Mp Board Class 10th Social Science Chapter 16 Question 1.
Multiple Choice Questions
(Choose the correct answer from the following)

Chapter 16 Social Science Class 10 MP Board Question (i)
The National Rural Guarantee Act is –
(a) Right to work
(b) Responsibility of work
(c) Right to information of a work
(d) All the above
Answer:
(a) Right to work

Rural Development Class 10 MP Board Question (ii)
The National Rural Guarantee Act was formulated
(a) In 1948
(b) In 1985
(c) In 2001
(d) In 2005
Answer:
(d) In 2005

Rural Development 10th Notes MP Board Question (iii)
Employment under National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme is made available for –
(a) 100 days
(b) 150 days
(c) 200 days
(d) One year
Answer:
(a) 100 days

Social 16th Lesson MP Board Question (iv)
Scheme relating to irrigation is –
(a) Nirmal Neer Yojna
(b) Sahastra Dhara Scheme
(c) Vanya Upayojna
(d) Bhoomi Shilp Yojna
Answer:
(a) Nirmal Neer Yojna

Objective Questions On Mgnrega In Hindi Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:

1. Aim of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme is to generate ………………
2. Such members of families are given work under the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme who have ………………
3. If it is not possible to provide employment to a person holding a Job Card, then he is given ………………
4. Wages are paid to a Job Card holder as per ……………… Act of 1948.
5. To arrest rain water form draining out from the hillocks devoid of vegetation, the work is done under ……………… Scheme.

Answer:

1. Employment
2. Job Card
3. Unemployment allowance
4. Minimum Wages
5. Community Development

Question 3.
Match the Following:

Answer:

1. (c)
2. (d)
3. (a)
4. (b)
5. (e)

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Chapter 16 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which law has been enacted by the Government of India to enforce ‘right to work’?
Answer:
The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act.

Question 2.
Which type of work is provided for giving employment under the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act?
Answer:
Under this scheme the works taken up are related to water, forests, land and agriculture or construction and improvement/repairs of roads.

Question 3.
How many women out of the total number of applicants are benefited under the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme?
Answer:
Women are given preference while giving employment; there is a provision in the scheme that are third of the people employed are women.

Question 4.
Who does the work of redressal of complaints relating to Job Cards?
Answer:
Arrangements have been made for attending to the complaints under the scheme, at every level, i.e., from Gram Panchayat level to District level.

Question 5.
When is the applicant paid extra amount towards minimum wages?
Answer:
If it is not possible to provide work within a radius of 5 kilometres from the residence of the applicant.

Question 6.
To whom unemployment allowance is paid?
Answer:
If a person doesn’t get work within 15 days from the date of application, he/she is entitled to unemployment allowance.

Question 7.
Name any one scheme under community development works programme?
Answer:
Water harvesting and augmentation of water resources.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Chapter 16 Short Answers Type Questions

Question 1.
State the objectives of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme?
Answer:
The main objectives of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme are:

1. To provide atleast 100 days employment to the adult members of each family living in rural areas who are willing to do unskilled labour.
2. To create permanent assets in rural areas.

Question 2.
Explain about the availability of employment under the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme?
Answer:
For providing employment to the people of rural areas, certain works have been specified under the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme. The works specified in the Act are as under:

1. Augmentation and conservation of water resources.
2. Afforestation/plantation programme to prevent drought conditions.
3. Canals and small/medium irrigation projects.
4. Irrigation facilities, horticulture development and land improvement programme on the lands of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, families living below poverty lines beneficiaries of land development programme or beneficiaries of the ‘Indira Awas Yojana’.
5. Development and improvement of traditional water resources.
6. Land development works.
7. Flood control/protection, drainage arrangements in areas of water clogging.
8. Perennial roads in rural areas.
9. Any other work notified by Central Government in consultation with the ‘state government.

Question 3.
Explain the procedure of formulation of the Five Year Plan?
Answer:
After Independence, in order to make plans for the country the Planning Commission was set up on 15th March, 1950 for the country. By now 11 Five Year Plans have been prepared by this Commission and implemented by Government of India. At present the Eleventh Five Year Plan was being implemented on 1st April 2007.

The main guiding principles of the five year plans in India are ecomonic equality, social justice, self – dependence, improvement in efficiency and productivity.

In different plans out of above directive principles, emphasis has been laid on different facts due to changes in situations and problems.

Question 4.
State the special features of any four schemes under Community Development works?
Answer:
Some of the schemes under Community Development works are as under:

1. Water harvesting and augmentation of water resources
2. Plantation
3. Construction of canals
4. Irrigation.

Question 5.
State the role of Gram Panchayat in the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme?
Answer:
The role of Gram Panchayat is important in the implementation of this scheme. The Gram Panchayat has to perform the following functions:

1. Registration of families of the village and to give Job Cards to families whose names have been registered.
2. To accept applicat from people for employment and give them information as to where the work will be made available.
3. To prepare proposals for works as per the decisions of the Gram Sabha.
4. To get the estimate of the proposed works prepared from a Sub -engineer.
5. To indicate estimate of expenditure on labour, material and other heads of expenditure in the proposal.
6. To start works approved by the Programme Officer or Chief Executive Officer of the Janpad Panchayat.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Chapter 16 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
State the meaning, objectives and special features of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme?
Answer:
As per the present situation, it is necessary to provide employment to the rural people as and when they need. The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act has been enforced keeping these objectives in view.

The main objectives of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme are:

1. To provide atleast 100 days employment to the adult members of each family living in rural areas who are willing to do unskilled labour.
2. To create permanent assets in rural areas.

The special features of this scheme are:

1. All adult members of the families living in the rural areas notified by the Central Government are eligible to get benefit of this scheme.
2. All the adult member of a registered family of the Gram Panchayat to whom Job Card has been issued will be eligible to apply
   for unskilled work.
3. If a worker is injured during the work, necessary facility for treatment and in case of physical disability or death during the work compensation is given.
4. If a person doesn’t get work within 15 days from the date of application, he/she is entitled to unemployment allowance.

Question 2.
What is National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme? Explain its importance?
Answer:
Under this scheme, a family shall be eligible to get work for 100 days in one financial year.
The importance of National Rural Employment Scheme are:

1. It helps in solving the problems of poverty unemployment and starvation in rural areas.

2. It helps in reducing migration of rural population to urban areas.

3. It provides opportunities of employment to women and makes them self-dependent economically.

4. Useful assets are created in rural areas. It helps in imporving the economic condition of people of lower income bracket and they get the ownership of assets/ infrastructure created under the scheme.

5. Panchayati Raj Institutions are strengthened and they get an opportunity to play useful and important role in the scheme.

6. This scheme will help develop a system where the rural social setup will develop in such a way that there would be equality among different sections of the population (because of employment opportunities provided to rural unemployed poor.)

Question 3.
What is the meaning and importance of Social Audit?
Answer:
Audit is a process under which is checking is carried out of the work/scheme implemented and expenditure incurred on it. In the social audit of the works taken up under the National Rural Employment Gurantee Scheme, details of the works undertaken, expenditure incurred on them, labour employed and material used on the works is given.

Importance of Social Audit:
It is a wellknown fact in the absence of provision for inspection of a work/project, there is every likelihood of slackness in the work, irregularities in the accounts, corruption and other irregularities so also people with selfish interests take undue advantage of the ignorance of the people.

Therefore, it is necessary to carry out regularl social audit of the schemes so that benefits of those works reach the target groups and possibilities of slackness in work and corruption are avoided. Really speaking schemes and their social audit are integral to each other. Only effective social audit can help in ensuring the ultimate success of the works.

Further some main importance of social audit are:

1. Transparence in the schemes.
2. Important in ensuring participation of common people.
3. It helps in realisat of responsibility.
4. It helps in making them aware about their rights.
5. It is helpful in making the scheme effective.
6. It is helpful in controlling irregularities.

Question 4.
Explain the arrangements made for redressal of complaints at different levels under the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme?
Answer:
Arrangements have been made for attending to the complaints under the scheme, at every level, i.e. from Gram Panchayat level to District level. Complaint books have been kept in these offices and any body can register complaints in these books.

Gram Panchayat Level:
Every six months the Gram Sabha carries out inspections of the works executed and in case of any irregularity, the matter is forwarded to the Sub Divisional Officer (S.D.M.) after passing a resolution to that effect. On receipt of a complaint the Sub Divisional Officer constitutes an enquiry committee. The enquiry committee comprises of a Panch of the same Gram Panchayat (who is not a member of the construction and development committee), sub – engineer of the Janpad and a social worker nominated by the Sub Divisional Officer.

The Janpad member and a block level officer of the same Janpad Panchayat are also included as members of this committee. On receipt of enquiry report, it is read out in the Gram Sabha by the Secretary. If the Gram Sabha feels that there has been an irregularity, it may send it to the Sub Divisional Officer for taking action in the matter. The Sub Divisional Officer takes necessary legal action under sections 40, 89, 92 or 100 of the Panchayat Raj and Gram Swaraj Act, 1993.

Janpad Level:
If a complaint is received relating to the Janpad level or Programme Officer (C.E.O. Janpad), the District Programme Co – ordinator (Collector) constitutes an enquiry committee. The committee submits its report to the District Programme Co – ordinator and if any officer is found guilty, the District Programme Co – ordinator himself/herself takes disciplinary action or sends the report to the concerned department for suitable action.

District Panchayat Level:
In case of a complaint against the Chief Executive Officer of the District Panchayat the District Programme Co – ordinator (Collector) or the Additional District Programme Co – ordinator, the Divisional Commissioner constitutes an enquiry committee. In case the concerned officer is found guilty the Divisional Commissioner himself/herself takes disciplinary action or sends the report for suitable action to the concerned department.

State Level:
At the state level, the complaints are disposed by the M.P. State Employment Guarantee Council.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Chapter 16 Additional Important Questions

Question 1.
Multiple choice Questions
Choose the correct answer from the following:

Question (i)
Availability of employment under the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme is based on the principle of –
(a) First come first served
(b) Local migration
(c) Both of these
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) First come first served

Question (ii)
Any physical work which a person can do without any skill or special training in known as –
(a) Unskilled physical labour
(b) Skilled physical labour
(c) Both of these
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Unskilled physical labour

Question (iii)
The National Rural Employment Scheme is an important step towards improvement in the –
(a) Rural economy
(b) Urban economy
(c) Both of these
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Rural economy

Question (iv)
Nandan Falodyan Scheme is related to –
(a) Plantation
(b) Irrigation facility
(c) Horticlture/Fruit plantation
(d) Land Improvement
Answer:
(c) Horticlture/Fruit plantation

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:

1. As per the census 2001, …………… % of the population lives in villages.
2. In the year 1973, the share of agriculture sector in the Gross Domestic Product was about …………… %.
3. The Job Card is issued on the basis of the …………… survey.
4. The Sub Divisional Officer takes necessary legal action under Gram Swaraj Act, ……………
5. In Madhya Pradesh Projects have been formulated under the ……………
6. There is a provision of …………… to ensure transparency and people’s participation in the works.
7. National rural employment …………… to ensure transparency and people’s participation in the works.

Answer:

1. 74.27
2. 45
3. B.P.L
4. 1993
5. State plan
6. Social audit

Question 3.
True and False type questions:

1. The people are economically insecure due to limited employment opportunities in rural areas.
2. There is a provision in the Rural Development and Employment Guarantee Scheme that one third of the people employed are women.
3. The wages are paid weekly or maximum on fortnightly basis.
4. There is not any provision for free treatment in case of an injury sustained during the work.
5. Every worker is entitled to the minimum wages fixed by the State Government
6. If the card is lost, then a new card can be obtained on payment of prescribed fees.
7. The family should be registered in the local Gram Parrehayat.
8. Gram Sabhas and Gram Panchayats have been given responsibility of implementation of the scheme.
9. Madhya Pradesh has predominance of Scheduled Tribes population.

Answer:

1. True
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. True
6. True
7. True
8. True
9. True.

Question 4.
Match the following:

Answer:

(i) (d)
(ii) (a)
(iii) (b)
(iv) (c)

Answer in One – Two Words or One Sentences:

Question 1.
Where does real India live?
Answer:
Real India lives in villages.

Question 2.
How many villages are there in India?
Answer:
Around seven lakh.

Question 3.
When Was the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act notified?
Answer:
The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act was notified on September. 7, 2005.

Question 4.
Write the full form of NREGA?
Answer:
The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act

Question 5.
Who does dispose the complaints at State level?
Answer:
At the State level, the complaints are disposed by fee M.P. State Employement Guarantee Council.

Question 6.
Define wage rate?
Answer:
Rate of wages under section 6 of the relevant Act.

Question 7.
Define unskilled physical labour?
Answer:
Any phsical work which a person can do without any skill or special trainning.

Question 8.
What do you mean by the term ‘adult’?
Answer:
A person who has attained the age of 18 years.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Chapter 16 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the goal of NREGA?
Answer:
NREGA fosters conditions for inclusive growth ranging from basic wage security and recharging rural economy to a transformative empowerment process of democracy.

Question 2.
Define wage seekers?
Answer:
The wage seekers are the primary stake holders of the Act. Their exercise of choice to demand employment is the trigger of key processes.

Question 3.
Explain partial employment?
Answer:
Partial employment is a situation where the worker employed for a part of the year and for the remaining period he/ she is unemployed.

Question 4.
Define financial year?
Answer:
Government for purposes of financial accounting, the year commences from 1 April of the year and ends on 31 March, this a called financial year.

Question 5.
Who is a Programme Officer?
Answer:
Any officer who is appointed to execute works under the scheme under section 15, sub – section (1) of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act.

Question 6.
What do you mean by latent unemployment?
Answer:
This is a situation which is normally seen in a family carrying, out a business or agriculture or running a cottage industry and where all the members of the family do one or the other work although there is no need of all the persons of the family for that work, i.e. more number of people engaged in that work in comparison to actual manpower needed for it.

Question 7.
What do you mean by transparency in NREGS?
Answer:
There is a proper system laid down for implementing a scheme/working, its timely inspection and monitoring and where facts, information etc., about the scheme/any other matter is made public or is made available on request i.e., facts are not kept confidential.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Chapter 16 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write a short note on coverage of NREGA?
Answer:
The Act was notified in 200 districts in the first phase with effect from February 2nd, 2006 and then extended to additional 130 districts in the financial year 2007-2008 (113 districts were notified with effect from April 1st, 2007, and 17 districts in UP were notfied with effect from May 15, 2007). The remaining districts have been notified under the NREGA with effect from April 1,2008. Thus NREGA covers the entire country with the exception of districts that have a hundred per cent urban population.

Question 2.
What are the roles and responsibilities of Gram Sabha for implementation of NREGS?
Answer:
The Gram Sabha has been given the following rights and responsibilities under the Act:

1. It will recommend works to be taken up under NREGS.
2. It will conduct social audits on implementation of the Scheme.
3. In addition, it is suggested that the Gram Sabha be used extensively as a forum for sharing information about the Scheme.

Question 3.
What are the roles and responsibilities of Gram Panchayat for implementation of NREGS?
Answer:
Gram Phanchayat (GP):
The Gram Panchayat is the pivotal body for implementation at the village level. Where Part Nine of the Constitution does not apply, local councils/authorities as mandated by the State concerned Will be invested with corresponding responsibilities.
The Gram Panchayat is responsible for the following activities:

1. Planning of works
2. Receiving applications for registration
3. Verifying registration applications
4. Registering households
5. Issuing Job Cards
6. Receiving applications for employment
7. Issuing dated receipts
8. Allotting employment within fifteen days of application
9. Executing works
10. Maintaining records
11. Convening the Gram Sabha for social audit
12. Monitoring the implementation of the Scheme at the village level.

Question 4.
What are key Stakeholders?
Answer:
The key Stakeholders are:

1. Wage seekers
2. Gram Sabha
3. PRIs, specially the Gram Panchayat
4. Programme Officer at the block level
5. District Programme Co-ordinator
6. State Government
7. Ministry of Rural Development.

Question 5.
Explain which art the schemes under the beneficiary oriented schemes.
Answer:
Some of the beneficiary oriented schemes are in M.P. as:

1. Irrigation facility
2. Land improvement
3. Plantation
4. Irrigation
5. Horticulture/Fruit plantation.

Question 6.
Name some of the facilities provided on work sites to – the workers under the Employment Guarantee Scheme.
Answer:
Certain basic facilities are to be provided to the workers at the sites of works started under the Employment Gurantee Scheme like:

1. Safe drinking water and shelter for rest.
2. First aid facilities and medicines in case of injury, accident or sickness.
3. If there are 5 or more children below 6 years of age with the working women, a separate women worker shall be entrusted the job of looking after such children.
4. If a worker is injured during the work necessary facility for treatment and in case of physical disability or death during the work compensation is given.

Question 7.
What is the procedure to procure work under the Employment Guarantee Scheme?
Answer:
All adult members of the families living in the rural areas notified by the Central Government are eligible to get benefit of this i scheme. Under the scheme, a family shall be eligible to get work for 100 days in one financial year. According to the availability of works (employment), the 100 days work may be divided among all the adult workers of a family. For obtaing employment it is necessary that (0 The family should be local resident of the Gram Panchayat.

1. The family should be registered in the local Gram Panchayat.
2. The family should obtain a Job Card from the Gram Panchayat.
3. The family (should apply for work as unskilled worker on the basis of the Job Card.
4. Family should be ready to work as unskilled labourer.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Chapter 16 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What a Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme should have?
Answer:
A Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS) will be expected to cltirify, inter alia, the following matters:

1. Specify the implementing Department in the State.

2. Specify a senior officer in the State as State Programme Co – ordinator.

3. Specify the District Programme Co – ordinator.

4. Lay down the mode of recruitment for Programme Officers, supportive staff and other required professional services, and make interim arrangements till regular Programme Officer is appointed.

5. Define the relationship with the Block Development Officer.

6. Clearly delineate Agency – wise the roles and responsibilities for each task mandated in the Act and elaborated in the Guidelines. Establish co – ordihation mechanisms among them, fixing clear accountability for each task, since activities under the Act are justiciable and the people and the Implementing Agency should know in whom the legal obligation for getting a task done vests.

7. Delineate the Fund Flow system for the Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme.

8. Specify the cheque – signing authorities at the District, Block (Programme Officer) and Gram Panchayat levels.

9. Specify the procedure for payment of unemployment allowance.

10. Specify the authorities for administrative and technical approval of works and define their powers.

11. Specify the procedure for maintenance of accounts, maintenance of muster rolls, material, unskilled wage and  skilled wage
content of the works and audit arrangements for internal and social audit.

12. Specify procedures for making entries in the Job Cards and for cross – checking them to avoid wrong entries.

13. Specify systems for measurement of works and rates of payment there of and methods for making this information transparent.

14. Specify the system of payment of wages. Possibility of payment through accounts in the bank or post office may be considered.

15. Specify procedures for social audit, public accountability and implementation of the Right to Information Act.

16. Specify grievance redressal mechanisms at the Gram Panchayat, Intermediate Panchayat, District and State levels.

17. Specify the terms and conditions of the Chairperson and Members of the State Employment Guarantee Council, time, place and procedure of meetings.

Question 2.
What are the salient features of the NREGA?
Answer:
Some of the salient features of the NREGA are:

1. Adult members of a rural household, willing to do unskilled manual work, may apply for registration in writing or orally to the local Gram Panchayat.

2. The Gram Panchayat after due verification will issue a Job Card, The Job Card will bear the photograph of all adult members of the household willing to work under NREGA and is free of cost.

3. The Job Card should be issued within 15 days of application.

4. A Job Card holder may submit a written application for employment to the Gram Panchayat, stating the time and duration for which work is sought. The minimum days of employment have to be at least fourteen.

5. The Gram Panchayat will issue a dated receipt of the written application for employment against which the guarantee of providing employment within 15 days operates.

6. Employment will be given within 15 days of application for work, if it is not then daily unemployment allowance as per the Act, has to be paid. Liability of payment of unemployment allowance is of the states.

7. Work should ordinarily be provided within 5 km radius of the villages. In case work is provided beyond 5 km, extra wages of 10% are payable to meet additional transportation and living expenses.

8. Wages are to be paid according to the Minimum Wages Act, 1948 for agricultural labourers in the State, unless the Centre notifies a wage rate which will not be less than Rs. 60 per day. Equal wages will be provided to both men and women.

Question 3.
Draw a logo for NREGA?
Answer:

Question 4.
What is Job Card? How is it obtained? What is the procedure for getting unemployment allowance?
Answer:
Job Card is a description of the person registered for securing employment:

The Job Card is issued on the basis of the B.P.L. survey. This Card has all the information relating to the family for it is issued. The Job Card is valid for five years for the date of issue and is renewed by the Gram Panchayat within one month from the date of expiry.

If a person doesn’t get work within 15 days for the date of application he/she in entitled to unemployment allowance. But the aggregate amount of unemployment allowance and the minimum wages already paid to that family will not exceed an amount which is equal to 100 days minimum wages.

A person who has applied for work, does not do the entrusted work, and does not present him/herself on the work within 15 days and remains absent for a week or more or for more than a week in one month without the permission of the implementing agency, such person shall not be entitled to unemployment allowance for a period, of 3 months.

Question 5.
State which are the schemes under the Community Development works?
Answer:
The Community Development schemes included in list 1 para 1 (4) of the National Rural Employment Gurantee Act. Some of the works are as under:

1. Water harvesting and augmentation of water resources.
2. Plantation
3. Construction of canals
4. Irrigation.

In this article, we will share MP Board Class 10th Social Science Book Solutions Chapter 15 Economic Development and Planning Pdf, These solutions are solved subject experts from the latest edition books.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Solutions Chapter 15 Economic Development and Planning

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Chapter 15 Text book Exercises

Objective Type Questions

Mp Board Class 10th Social Science Chapter 15 Question 1.
Multiple Choice Questions
(Choose the correct answer from the following)

Chapter 15 Social Science Class 10 MP Board Question (i)
Economic planning results in –
(a) Improvement in living standard
(b) Increase in economic welfare
(c) Increase in life expectancy
(d) All of above
Answer:
(d) All of above

Class 10 Social Science Chapter 15 MP Board Question (ii)
The per capita income of the country is calculated on the basis of –
(a) That country’s population
(b) The world’s population
(c) States population
(d) Other country’s population
Answer:
(a) That country’s population

Mp Board Solution Class 10th Social Science Question (iii)
Prof. Amratya Sen has considered basis of development as – (MP Board, 2009, 2013)
(a) Prosperity
(b) Self – dependency
(c) Public Welfare
(d) Foreign Trade.
Answer:
(c) Public Welfare

Mp Board Solution Class 10 Social Science Question (iv)
Developed countries utilise natural resources –
(a) Very little
(b) Do not use
(c) Little bit
(d) On a large extent.
Answer:
(c) Little bit

Mp Board Class 8 Social Science Solution Chapter 15 Question (v)
How many five years plans have been completed in India till now – (MP Board, 2010)
(a) 5
(b) 10
(c) 15
(d) 11
Answer:
(d) 11

Class 10th Social Science Mp Board Solution Question 2
Fill in the blanks:

1. The standard of …………… increases by economic development.
2. India Vision 2020 was published in the year ……………
3. …………… constructed physical quality of life index.
4. According to World Bank that country is developed country whose per capita income is …………… rupees or more per year.
5. The period of tenth plan was from …………… to ……………

Answer

1. Living
2. 2003
3. Prof. Morris
4. 4,53,000
5. 2002, 2007

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Chapter 15 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Development Class 10 Questions And Answers MP Board Question 1.
What is the meaning of economic development according to Mercantilism?
Answer:
For the mercantile economists an economic development is based on the previous metals like gold or silver.

Class 10 Social Science Mp Board Solution  Question 2.
During which period of time is national income calculated?
Answer:
National income is calculated from 1st April to 31st March every year.

Chapter 15 Hindi Class 10 Mp Board Question 3.
What are the basis of calculating human Development Index?
Answer:
Basis for calculating human Development Index are:

1. Life expectancy at time of birth for measuring a long and healthy life.
2. Rate of adult literacy and total enrolment ratio.
3. Per Capital Gross Domestic Product.

Question 4.
According to the World Bank, what must be per capita income of the developed countries?
Answer:
The World Bank in its development report of 2006 has used the measure of per capita income to distinguish between developed countries and developing countries. According to this report those countries having per capita income Rs. 4,53,000 or more are considered as developed countries and countries having per capita income Rs. 37,000 or less are considered as developing (low income) country.

Question 5.
What are the main measurement of measuring economic development?
Answer:
Actually facilities of health, education, housing, nutritive food, drinking water etc., provided to common people should be included in the development. Therefore as an alternative for the national and per capita income, importance is given to human development indicators for measuring economic development.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Chapter 15 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is national income? How is it calculated? Write. (MP Board 2009, 2011)
Answer:
National income is the income of a country. It is obtained by adding the monetary values of the commodities and services produced in a country’ in a year. One of the methods of measuring economic development is in terms of an increase in country’s real national income over a long period of time. National income refers to the total value of all the final goods and services produced within a country plus income earned from other country.

Question 2.
What is per capita income? Write the formula of calculating it. (MP Board 2010)
Answer:
When the National income of a country is divided by its total population then we get its per capita income.
The following formula is used to calculate the per capita income of a country:

Per capita income gives us an idea of the standard of living of the peopl of country. If the per capita income is increasing in a country it means that the lives of the people of that country are becoming happier It means their standard of living is improving.

Question 3.
What is the main objective of making Human Development Index? (MP Board 2009)
Answer:
Human development is index term. It consists of economic and social development. Human development is the end of all human activities, whereas social development is mean to it. Economic development consists of structures which support indirectly the economic system. It consists of education, health, environment, housing and civic amenities, etc.

Question 4.
Which are the developed and developing states of India?
Answer:
In India some states are comparatively developed states and some states are developing states. We can classify 15 big states of India on the ground of per capita income into two classes i.e. developed states and developing states. Punjab, Maharashtra, Haryana, Gujarat, West Bengal, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh, are included in list of developed states while Madhya Pradesh, Assam, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Orissa and Bihar etc. states are in list of developing states.

According to the census of 2001, 90% of total population of the country resides in these states. Out of this 48% population resides comparatively in developed states and 42% population resides in the developing or backward states.

Question 5.
What is India Vision 2020?
Or
What is Vision India 2020? Write. (MP Board 2009, 2011, 2013)
Answer:
In January 2003, The Planning Commission of India has issued an important document named India Vision 2020. According to this document till the year 2020, India will be included in the category of developed countries. As a result of this, unemployment, poverty, illiteracy will be completely eradicated from the country.

The Planning Commission has estimated that by the year 2020, 135 crore of country’s population will be better nourished, will have good living standard and be completely healthy. Average age of the population will increase.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Chapter 15 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain old and new concepts of Economic Development? (MP Board 2009)
Answer:
In ancient time a special place was given to materialistic prosperity under economic development at global level. The mercentile thinkers of Germany and France considered gold and silver as the basis of development. The concept of development kept on changing with time.

According to classical economist Adam Smith, economic development is the increase in. goods and services of a country. Karl Marks considered economic development as the establishment of socialism J.S. Mill’s opinion about economic development is totally different. He considered economic development as to follow the principle of cooperation for welfare of people and economic development.

Among the new economists Paul Albert considers economic development as the increase in real national income by use of all productive resources by a country. While in the opinion of Williamson and Bustricks development is the increase in the per capita income of the people of a country. The opinion of D. Bright Singh is different from all these, in that economic development involves not only increase in money income but also improvement in social welfare. Prof. Amirtya Sen, honored by Nobel Prize has also given special importance to social welfare.

Meir and Baldwin has defined economic development as “Economic development is a process whereby an economy’s real national income increases over a long period of time.”

Question 2.
State the meaning of Human Development Index and discuss its components?
Answer:
The quality of life index prepared and published by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is termed as Human Development Index. The United Nations was the first to prepare and publish Human Development Index in the year 1990. Human Development Index studies the following three basic hurrtan capabilities:

1. Living a long life (Longevity)
2. Being knowledgeable (Educational Attainment)
3. Enjoying decent standard of living (Red per capita GDP).

Question 3.
Distinguish between developed and developing economies?
Answer:
Developed Economy:

• This economy is economically sound. Its people have higher standard of living.
• The main occupation of people is industry.
• Modern technology is used.

Developing Economy:

• This economy is not financially sound. The standard of living of general masses is lower.
• The main occupation of people is agriculture.
• Generally old techniques of production are used.

Question 4.
Explain the meaning of Economic planning in India anc state the main objectives of planning in India?
Answer:
After the independence, in order to make plans for the country the Planning Commission was set up on 15th March, 1950 for the country. By now 11 five – year plans have been prepared by this commission and implemented by Government of India. At present the Eleventh Five Year Plan has been started from 1st April, 2007.

The main guiding principles of the five – year plans in India are economic equality, social justice, self – dependence, improvement in efficiency and productivity. In different plans out of above directive principles, emphasis has been laid on. different facts due to changes in situations and problems. In brief the basic objectives of Indian plans are as below:

1. To obtain high rate of development
2. To obtain self – dependency
3. To obtain economic stability
4. To increase social welfare
5. To obtain social and economic justice
6. To increase the opportunities of employment
7. To increase the standard of living
8. Poverty eradication.

Question 5.
State the success and failures of planning of India? (MP Board, 2010)
Answer:
The following are the factors of success:

1. Increase in National and Per Capita Income:
At the current prices the national income of India was only 9142 crore in 195051 which rose up to 28,46,762. In similar manner, during this period the per capita income increased from Rs. 255 to Rs. 25,716. Thus it is clear that the national income as well as per capita income both increased rapidly during the period of the planning.

2. Increase in Rate of Saving and Investment:
Some portion of the national income is invested (used for production) for the economic development. In each plan high targets of saving and investments were fixed for this which have nearly been achieved too. The gross saving and investment rates in the year 1950 – 51 (on current prices) were only 8.9 and 8.7 per cent of gross national product which increased to 32.4 and 33.8 percent in the year 2005 – 06.

3. Development in Agriculture Sector:
Agricultural production has increased extensively due to economic planning. The production of food grains increased to 2083 lakh tonnes in the year 2005-06 which was only 508 lakh tonnes in 1950 – 51. During this period as a result of green revolution high yielding seeds, chemical, fertilizer, pesticides, irrigation facilities etc. were expanded. Along with this in agricultural sector infrastructure developed too.

4. Industrialisation:
There has been a remarkable increase in industrial sector through five years plAnswer:Today India has become the tenth largest industrial country of the world. India’s progres can be estimated by the fact that the contribution of India b manufactured goods in the foreign trade is gradually increasing. Iro: and steel, engineering, goods, chemical and cement etc.

5. Education and Health:
At the beginning of planning, there were 27 universities, but now they are 389 in number, the literacy rate of the country in 1950-51 was 16.6 per cent which increased upto 64.8 percent in 2001.

Failures are as follows:

1. Slow Progress in per Capita Income:
In spite of economic planning in India, the growth in per capita income has been very slow. Still today 21 per cent of population in India is living below poverty line.

2. Regional Imbalance:
As a result of planning, the regional imbalance in the country should have decreased, but there has been no significant change. Uttar Pradesh, Orrisa, Bihar, etc. states are still backward states while the states of Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Punjab, Haryana, etc. are included under the category of comparatively developed states.

3. Increase in Prices:
The prices are continuously increasing since the period of planning. On the basis of 1993-94, the whole sale price index, number has risen to 2079 in December 2006. It is estimated that during the period of planning the prices increased near about 27 times.

4. Increase in Unemployment:
An important objective of economic planning was to reduce unemployment. But the unemployment kept on increasing a.t the end of each plan. In the beginning of first five year plan, where 33 lakh people were unemployed which is now estimated to about 4 crore.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Chapter 15 Additional Important Questions

Objective Type Questions

Question 1.
Multiple Choice Questions:
(Choose the correct answer from the following) (MP Board 2009)

Question (i)
In ancient time India was called –
(a) Golden Triangle
(b) Golden Bird
(c) Golden Ring
(d) Golden Country
Answer:
(b) Golden Bird

Question (ii)
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development is known as –
(a) IMF
(b) World Bank
(c) RBI
(d) UNO
Answer:
(b) World Bank

Question (iii)
The peroid of 10th plan is –
(a) 2002 – 2007
(b) 2001 – 2008
(c) 2003 – 2008
(d) 2004 – 2009
Answer:
(a) 2002 – 2007

Question (iv)
How many persons were unemployed in beginning of first plan – (MP Board 2009, Set B)
(a) 25 lac
(b) 33 lac
(c) 43 lac
(d) 35 lac.
Answer:
(b) 33 lac

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:

1. The writer of the famous book Arthshastra is ……………..
2. The First Five Year Plan was started in ……………..
3. Shri Mannarayan was related to the ……………..

Answer:

1.  Kautilya
2. 1951
3. Gandhiyan plan

Question 3.
True and False type questions:

1. The years 1966-67, 1967 – 68 and 1968 – 69 are known as the Rolling Plan.
2. Indian Planning is based on the Russian model.
3. Prof. Amartya Sen is related to the Planning Commission of India.

Answer:

1. True
2. True
3. False

Question 4.
Match the column:

Answer:

1. (c)
2. (a)
3. (d)
4. (b)

Answer in One – Two Words or One Sentence

Question 1.
Mention three objectives of planning in India.
Answer:

1. Self – Sufficiency
2. Social Justice
3. Higher rate of growth.

Question 2.
How many five – year plans have been completed so far after independence?
Answer:
Ten five – year plans have been completed.

Question 3.
Name the sector which was given top priority during the First Five Year Plan?
Answer:
Agriculture was accorded top priority.

Question 4.
What are the essential things for analysing the economic planning?
Answer:
Two things are essential in economic planning such as:

1. Pre – decided aims which have to be accomplished.
2. Description of the use of available resources to obtain the pre – determined aims.

Question 5.
Name any three types of economics?
Answer:

1. Capitalist Economy
2. Socialist Economy
3. Mixed Economy.

Question 6.
What are the three sectors of enterprises on the basis of ownership?
Answer:

1. Private sector
2. Public sector and
3. Joint sector

Question 7.
Define national income?
Answer:
It is defined as the total value of all the goods and services produced within a country plus income coming from abroad.

Question 8.
What does consumption mean?
Answer:
The use of goods and services is called consumption. In other words, reduction in utilities is termed as consumption.

Question 9.
What are primary activities of an economy?
Answer:
Activities that are associated with land and water such as farming, cattle rearing, fishing and mining are called primary activities.

Question 10.
What is per capita income?
Answer:
National income divided by the total population of the country is termed as per capita income.

Question 11.
What is Human Development Index?
Answer:
The quality of life index prepared and published by United Nation’s Development Programme (UNDP) is termed as Human Development Index.

Question 12.
Mention the formula for the calculation of Human?
Development Index.
Answer:
Human Development Index = Life expectancy index + Educational attainment

Question 13.
Define longevity?
Answer:
Life expectancy at birth as known as longevity. It means the number of years a newly born baby is expected to live. Longevity in India at present is 63 years.

Question 14.
Identify different thrust areas of human development.
Answer:
Health, Gender Equity and Gender Empowerment are the thrust areas of human development?

Question 15.
What basis of development has considered by Prof. Amartya Sen? (MP Board 2009)
Answer:
Social Welfare.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Chapter 15 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
State briefly the main features of capitalist economy?
Answer:

1. Factors of production are owned by the individuals.
2. Economic activities are carried out with the sole motive of project.
3. Producers are to choose occupation of their own choice.

Question 2.
State briefly the features of socialist economy?
Answer:

1. Government is the sole producer of goods and services.
2. All properties belong to the government.
3. Economic decision are taken by the central planning authority.

Question 3.
Define national income in the words of Professor Marshall?
Answer:
According to Professor Marshall, the labour and capital of country, acting on its natural resources produce annually a certain net aggregate of commodities, material and immaterial including services of all kinds. This is the true net annual income or revenue of the country or the national dividend.

Question 4.
What are the advantages of a capitalist economy?
Answer:

1. Economic freedom.
2. Maximum utilisation of resources.
3. Higher standard of living.
4. Increase production.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Chapter 15 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How is planning useful for economic development?
Answer:
It is rightly said that India is rich country inhabited by pocrs. We have got abundance of resources lying undiscovered, untapped and unexploited. This is due to the fact that we did not formulate plans to make the best possible utilisation of these resources. After independence we adopted planned developmental economy aiming at higher rate of growth self – reliance and balanced economic development. Planning creates employment opportunities, economic stability and allround economic development of the country.

Question 2.
Give any two objectives of economic planning?
Answer:
Two objectives of economic planning are as under:

(a) High Growth Rate:
It was felt after independence that we were an undeveloped economy. It was necessary to accelerate the pace of agricultural and industrial growth for the rapid economic development of the country. This is why, we adopted planned developmental economy to attain high growth rate.

(b) Social Justice:
Our society has been victim of social injustice and inequality of income. There is wide disparity in income and wealth of individual. There are regional imbalances resulting in social tensions. Under these circumstances the planner formulated our five
year plans with an aim towards social justice.

Question 3.
What is a Socialistic Pattern of society?
Answer:
Socialist pattern of society means that the basic criterion of determining the lines of advance must not be private profit but social gain and the pattern of development and the structure of socioeconomic relations should be so planned that they result not. only in appreciable increase in national income and employment but also greater equality in income and wealth. The benefits of economic development must accure more and more to the relatively less privileged class of society, and there should be progressive reduction in the concentration of economic power.

Question 4.
Distinguish between:

1. A Capitalist Economy and a Socialist Economy
2. Economic and Non – economic Activities.

Answer:
1.
A Capitalist Economy:

• Private ownership on means of production.
• Freedom of enterprise.
• Profit is the main motive.
• Efficient use of resources.
• Free working of price mechanism.

A Socialist Economy:

• Government ownership on means of production.
• No freedom of enterprise.
• The main motive is social welfare and service.
• Inefficient use of resources.
• Interference by the government in the economy.

2.
Economic Activities:

• Activities which contribute to the flow of goods and services.
• These activities are included in national income.
• Examples: Farmers, doctors, technicians etc.

Non – economic Activities:

• Activities which do not contribute to the flow of goods and services.
• These activities are not included in national income.
• Examples: Religious activities, social works etc.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Chapter 15 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Discuss the contribution of agriculture in National Income?
Answer:
Contribution of Agriculture to National Income. About 45% of our national income is earned through agriculture. Nearly 67% of our people earn livelihood through agriculture and its allied activities.

1. Contribution of Agriculture to Employment:
About 67% of our working population is engaged directly or indirectly with agriculture.

2. Agriculture is Source of Government Revenue:
State government earn land revenue and some states have taxed agricultural income.

3. Contribution of Agriculture to Industry:
Agriculture lays down sound foundation of our industries in the following ways

• Agriculture supplies us food and fodder.
• Agriculture contributes to trade also. Trading in food grains is all based on agriculture.
• Agriculture is main source of our exports.
• Agriculture is the foundation stone for economic development.
• Agriculture is major source of raw material for industry. Jute Cotton, Sugar, tea, Coffee, oil, Silk, Tobacco etc. are based on agricultural product.
• Agriculture is the source of capital formation.
• Agriculture supplies healthy manpower.
• Agriculture sector purchase goods of industrial sector.

Question 2.
Give any five suggestions for increasing the growth of national income?
Answer:
In order to increase the national income following measures should be adopted:

1. Increase in the Rate of Savings and Investment:
In order to increase the national income productive activities must be increased. Modem large scale industrial venture requires huge amount of capital. It requires that there must be sufficient savings and investment in the productive activities.

2. Improvement in the Technique of Production:
In case we want to increase our production at faster rates we will have to introduce new technology in the field of production. It will increase the production and consequently national income will be multiplied.

3. Discouraging Increase in Populations:
Our economic development is eaten up by exploding population. It reduces our per capita income also. If we want to increase our national income we will have to check population explosion.

4. Discouraging Price Rise:
After independence inflationary pressure is Jbeing continuously felt. The commodities have become very costly, so savings are very little. Low savings and lesser capital formation is adversaliy affecting our national income.

5. Increasing Exports:
In order to increase our industrial production we will have to import latest machines equipments and technology. It requires foreign exchange, which can be earned by exporting our surplus agricultural.

Question 3.
Describe the construction of Human Development Index. What are its levels ?
Answer:
Construction of Human Development Index Three basic factors of life are utilised in the construction of Human Development Index. These factors are:

1. Life expectancy at time of birth for measuring a long and healthy life.
2. Rate of adult literacy and total enrolment ratio.
3. Per Capita Gross Domestic Product.

First of all indicators of these three factors are prepared separately to calculate Human Development Index. Then after their average is calculated whose value is presented between 0 to 1. The indicator of most developed country stands near 1 and most undeveloped country’s indicator stands near 0. On this basis, the countries of the world are classified into the following three classes according to their level of development.

1. Highly Human Developed Countries:
Those countries whose indicator is measured 0.8 or more are considered highly developed.

2. Medium Human Developed Countries:
Those countries are considered to be medium human developed countries whose indicator is measured from 0.5 to 0.8.

3. Low Human Developed Countries:
Those countries are considered to be low human developed countries whose measure of Index is below 0.5. Under the development programme of United Nations Organisation Human Development Index has been published for 177 countries. According to these indexes 63 countries are high human developed, 83 are medium and 31 are low human developed.

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MP Board Class 10th English The Rainbow Solutions Chapter 13 Three Days to See (Hellen Keller)

For the sake of students we have gathered the complete 10th English Chapter 13 Three Days to See Questions and Answers can provided in pdf Pattern. Refer the chapter wise MP Board Class 10th English Solutions Questions and Answers Topics and start the preparation. You can estimate the importance of each chapter, find important English grammar concepts which are having more weightage. Concentrate on the important grammar topics from Madhya Pradesh Board Solutions for 10th English Chapter 13 Three Days to See Questions and Answers PDF, prepare well for the exam.

Three Days to See Textbook Exercises

Three Days to See Vocabulary

I. There are different ways of seeing. Use the following in your own sentences.
notice, spot, glimpse, observe, witness, sight
Answer:

• Notice—He got into the house without being noticed.
• Spot—I spotted my uncle in the crowd.
• Glimpse—She got a glimpse of mine between the half drawn curtains.
• Observe—She observes keenly but speaks little.
• Witness—His trade is witnessing a sharp fall these days.
• Sight—We sighted land after twelve days at sea.

II. Write the meaning of the following and use them in your own sentences:
often, now and then, at times, look into, on the way, awe-inspiring sight, at midnight.

Word	Meaning	Usage in Sentence
1. Often	frequently	She often comes to Delhi.
2. Now and then	from time to time	I like to see the films now and then.
3. At times	occasionally	At times, she accuses her neighbour.
4. Look into	to examine	His disappearance is being looked into by the police.
5. On the way	in midway	I visited her house on the way to school.
6. Awe-inspir­ing sight	Causing fear and respect	The view from the summit is an awe-inspiring sight.
7. At midnight	Around the middle of night	Thieves entered his house at midnight.

Comprehension

A. Answer the following questions in about 25 words.

Question 1.
“It would be a blessing if each human being was stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life.” Says Helen, what makes Helen think so?
Answer:
Helen thinks it a blessing if each human being was stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life. Men of sight and hearing often ignore what they should see or hear. If once they lose these powers, then they would realise their importance and make their proper use lifelong.

Question 2.
Mention the things of interest that Helen found through tactile sense.
Answer:
Helen felt the delicate symmetry of a leaf, the smooth skin of a silver birch or the rough shaggy bark of a pine. She would touch the branches of trees to search for a bud in spring. She would feel the happy quiver of a bird.
She found all these things of interest through tactile sense.

Question 3.
Why does Helen’s heart cry out with longing to see the things in nature?
Answer:
Helen is blind. Therefore, she gets pleasure from objects of nature from mere touch. She longs in vain to see all the things. She realises that ‘Beauty is to see, not to touch’. She is sure that sight reveals more beauty than touch. Therefore, her heart cries out with longing because she fails to enjoy the divine beauty of nature.

Question 4.
What sort of people would Helen Keller like to see as soon as her eyesight is restored? .
Answer:
Helen Keller longs for the restoration of her eye-sight. She pines to see the natural beauty with her own eyes. She would like to see those people who had been kind, gentle and compassionate towards her. They had made her life worthliving.

Question 5.
What would Helen like to see in the eyes of her teacher? (M.P. Board 2017)
Answer:
Mrs Anne Sullivan Macy was Helen’s teacher. She had opened the outer world for Helen. Helen would like to see the strength of character in her teacher’s eyes. It had enabled her to stand firm during difficulties. She would also view her compassion for humanity.

Question 6.
Why would Helen like to let her eyes rest on the face of a baby?
Answer:
Helen had turned totally blind when she was a baby of only 19 months. She knew that she could get the vision of eagerness and innocent beauty only from the face of a baby. They were the monopolies of the babies alone. A developed person loses them. Therefore, she liked to let her eyes rest on the face of a baby.

Question 7.
What according to Helen are the small, simple things, that transform a house into a home?(M.P. Board 2016)
Answer:
A house is a building made for people to live in. A home is the place where one lives with love, regard and affection with one’s family. The warm colours in the rugs, the pictures on the walls and printed books are small things. However, they transform a house into a home.

Question 8.
What would the author like to intoxicate her eyes with, while walking in the woods?
Answer:
Helen would like to have a long walk in the woods in the afternoon. She would view the beauties of the world of nature. She would absorb in her heart the vast splendour which constantly unfolds itself. They would intoxicale her eyes with pleasure and make them meaningful.

Question 9.
What would the author like to see in a farm?
Answer: .
The author Helen Keller would pass through a farm on her return from the woods. She would like to see the horses or the tractors ploughing the field. She would also see the contented farmers and the colourful sunset.

Question 10.
What is the thrilling miracle that the author would like to witness at the dawn of the second day?
Answer:
On the second day, Helen would wake up at dawn. Night is transformed into day then. The sun awakens the sleeping earth with the magnificent panorama of light. These are the thrilling miracles for Helen.

Question 11.
What is Helen Keller’s admonition to those who would make full use of the gift of sight?
Answer:
Helen admonishes those who would make full use of sight. They should use their sight fully because it is the most delightful of senses. Who knows, tomorrow they would be struck blind.

Question 12.
Why does Helen say that sight must be the most delightful J of all the senses?
Answer:
Seeing is believing. One can’t get a true picture of nature without seeing it. Eyes are a great blessing of God. The world is dark without eyes. One realises the importance of eyes only on getting blind. He fails to have the full view of the world around. Sight is therefore, the most delightful of all the senses.

B. Answer the following questions in about 50 words.

Question 1.
How does Helen Keller remember her teacher, Mrs. Anne Sullivan?
Answer:
Mrs. Anne Sullivan Macy was Hellen Keller’s teacher. She had come to Helen when she was a child. Her kindness, gentleness and companionship had made Helen’s life worth living. She opened the outer world for her. She was sympathetic, tender and patient. She perfected the tough task of educating Helen. She had strength of character. It had enabled Helen to stand firm against all odds. She had an all embracing compassion.

Question 2.
Throw light on Helen’s love for nature, citing examples from the lesson.
Answer:
Helen Keller had a great love and admiration for nature. She enjoyed the beauty of nature not through sight but through touch. She found hundreds of things through mere touch. She felt the delicate symmetry of a leaf. She judged the smoothness of the skin of a silver birch by passing her loving hands on it. She did the same and felt the rough and shaggy bark of a pine. She searched the buds by touching the branches of trees in spring. Sometimes she felt the quiver of a bird by placing her soft hand on a small tree. She enjoyed long walks in the woods and saw the farms around.

Question 3.
Summarise the activities Helen would undertake on the second day.
Answer:
Helen would undertake the following activities on the second day:

1. She would wake up at dawn. She would view how the night is replaced by the day.
2. She would view the spread of light awakening the sleepy earth.
3. She would have a hasty glimpse of the world, i.e. How the past changed and progressed through the ages?
4. She would try to probe into the soul of man through his art of the ages
5. She would see all that she knew through touch
6. She would visit some theatre or movie. She would see the charming figures of the actors with her own eyes.

Question 4.
How would you conclude that Helen Keller was a great lover of art and theatre?
Answer:
Helen Keller was a great lover of art and theatre. Though she is blind yet she often attends theatrical performances of all sorts. Her companions make her understand the players’ actions. She knows that there is a great deal of rich and meaningful beauty in the art of the ages. A man of eyes must see them. She longed to probe into the soul of man through his art. She also longed to see the charming figures of actors in their colourful costumes, with her own eyes.

Question 5.
What are the things Helen is eager to see in New York?
Answer:
Helen was eager to see New York. She would see the busy schedule of the people there. People in large groups went there on their works. No other city is full of as many activities and conditions of men as New York. The city looks like heaven. The glittering spires and splendid buildings grant New York a heavenly sight. She would show her emotion towards the people’s smiling, determined and suffering faces.

Question 6.
What is Helen Keller’s advice to those who would make full use of their senses?
Answer:
Helen Keller is of the view that the world is full of varieties. They can cater to the needs of all the senses. Nature is full of charming sights which provide pleasure to eyes. The people should hear the music of voices, the songs of birds and the mighty strains of orchestra. The world is full of items which the mind longs to be touched by the hands. ‘Touch-me-not’ might be an exception. Don’t be immoral while touching something and smelling the perfume of flowers and various scents. They should taste everything worth tasting. Helen desired that men with senses must make full use of them.

Question 7.
The gift of eyesight is valued more and better by a blind person than by one who has it’. Justify this statement through the reflections expressed in the lesson by Helen Keller.
Answer:
A blind man can readily exchange his treasures with eyes. Eyes are the uppermost part of the face. A deaf and dumb person may walk around without stumbling. He can record whatever he has seen on paper. He can enjoy the stark beauty of nature. Seeing is believing and a blind man is no judge of colours. Nature manifests itself in various colours. Some men with sight have no sense of observation. A blind man values the gift of eye-sight more and better than a man with eyes.

Three Days to See Grammar

Study the following sentences:

1. How was it possible to walk for an hour and see nothing worthy of note?
2. I pass my hands lovingly about the smooth skin of a silver birch.
3. I touch the branches of trees hopefully in search of a bud, the first sign of awakening Nature.
4. I want to study the face and find in it the living evidence of the sympathetic tenderness.
5. I should like to look into the loyal, trusting eyes of my dogs.
6. I might see the patient horses ploughing the field.
7. I should arise with the dawn and see the thrilling miracle by which night is transformed into day.

In the above sentences we notice that the underlined verb forms work as infinitives, participles or gerunds according to their use in the sentences.

The above underlined verbs are:

S.No.	Verb	Form
1.	to walk	infinitive
2.	(to) see	infinitive
3.	loving	gerund
4.	awakening	participle
5.	to study	infinitive
6.	(to) find	infinitive
7.	living	participle
8.	to look	infinitive
9.	trusting	participle
10.	see	infinitive
11.	ploughing	gerund
12.	arise	infinitive
13.	see	infinitive
14.	thrilling	participle

Note the root form of the verb is called infinitive, the -ing form of verb used as a noun is called gerund and the form of verb which has the characteristic of verb as well as an adjective is called the participle.

Now name and underline non-finite verb forms in the following sentences:

Question 1.
I should like to see with my own eyes the fascinating figure of Hamlet.
Answer:
Like to see (Infinitive), fascinating (Participle).

Question 2.
The following morning, I should again greet the dawn anxious to discover new delights.
Answer:
Greet (Infinitive), to discover (Infinitive).

Question 3.
I stand at a busy comer, merely looking at people, trying by sight of them to understand something of their lives.
Answer:
Looking, trying (Gerund)-to understand (Infinitive).

Question 4.
There are many serious pursuits to which I should devote the few remaining hours.
Answer:
Remaining (Participle).

Speaking Skill

Question 1.
The word quiver appears in the text. Do you know how to pronounce it?
quiver kwiver
The ‘qu’ in a word is generally pronounced as ‘kw’.

(a) Say the following words aloud:

Answer:

(b) Do you need to say ‘kw’ ¡n these ‘qu’ words too? Check it in a dictionary:
queue quay
Answer:
queue kju: Quay ki:
It shows that we do not need to say ‘kw’ in the above words.

2. Life for the physically challenged is not easy. They want to be Independent but they need community support and special facilities. (Work in groups of three or four and discuss how we can help them to be on their own.)

Think of the facilities that can be provided within school (like differently designed classroom and furniture) and in public places like shops and cinemas.You might want to use some of these expressions when you talk to your partners:

• I think we should
• In my view/opinion…
• Dont you think we should…?
• I feel we should…
• I think its absolutely important…
• I’m not sure I agree.
• I Perhaps we should.
• I agree.
• I think so too.
• I That’s a great idea!
• I Excellent suggestion!

I think we should support the physically handicapped in our own way. We should not nickname them. We should rather boost their morals. We should let them join and enjoy our festive occasions. We should develop friendly relations with them. We should learn about their problems and help them in their solutions. We should help them with money and material. We should not let them feel inferior. We should neither look down upon them nor neglect them. We should help them in securing their career.

Writing Skill

Question 1.
Close your eye’s for a while, how do you feel? Write your feelings. (50 words)
Answer:
God has granted us eyes to see with. Eyes are most important of all senses. I have experienced closing my eyes for a while. I feel that the world is dark. I cannot judge the colours, shape or size of the objects around me. It has filled me with a sense of suspicion and despair. I can only hear the sound of the various objects around me. I feel like striking against ‘some object. I feel totally confused.

Question 2.
How can the handicapped person be helped and encouraged to lead a happy life? Write your views.  (150 words)
Answer:
There is no equality in the world of human beings. Some are far above in social hierarchy whereas the others are much below. They are less fortunate. A great number of children are born normal in every respect. In spite of that there is a considerable number of handicapped children in every state and society. Those who are blind, polio victims or mentally retarded fall in the cetegory of the handicapped. Some persons become permanently disabled as a result of accidents at farms, factories or on the road.

It is a sin against God to look down upon them or to neglect them. It is our moral duty to give them the best type of help. We should not give them alms. It would turn them into beggars and generate inferiority complex in them. Rather, they should be given vocational training. This will enable them to earn their living independently. Some welfare associations and the government are doing a lot for them. They should be provided accommodation at cheaper rates. They should be given scholarships during school days. They also need community support throughout their lives.

Think It Over

Question 1.
It does not matter what good qualities you possess. What matters is how you display them? Think and mention a good quality of your friend which pleases you.
Answer:
Man is a bundle of qualities. You may be sincere, courteous, obedient, useful and truthful. These qualities are like cash and costly ornaments in one’s safe. If you display them, people will learn about them. Heroic qualities are revealed at the time of war. One of my friends is very hospitable to guests. It pleases me so much that I feel pride in being his friend.

Question 2.
Helen Keller once said, “The best and most beautiful things in the world cannot be seen or even touched. They must be felt with the heart.” Ponder over those things and write about them.
Answer:
There are many beautiful things in the world. We see, hear, smell, taste and touch them as per our requirement. They are visual or tactile things. The spiritual and mental qualities can neither be seen nor touched. Sympathy, kindness, compassion, gentleness, strength of character, tenderness, patience etc. are qualities of heart and soul. We can simply feel them with the heart. They ennoble one’s soul. They are counted among the best and the most beautiful things in the world.

Question 3.
In the lesson Helen Keller wants to see her teacher on the first day before anything else. Can you think, why? Write whatever comes into your mind.
Answer:
A teacher is the noblest creation (creature) of God. Teaching is still considered as a respectable profession. He leads an honest life and prepares students to face life. Helen’s teacher had all the qualities of head and heart. She opened the outer world for her. She was sympathetic, tender and patient. She helped Helen in the accomplishment of the difficult task of her education. She also enabled her to face the odds of life heroically. She had compassion for all humanity. She was a woman of character. Therefore, Helen wanted to see her teacher on the first day before anything else. It is because teachers are only next to God. They always cause the welfare of students.

Things To Do
Perform the action according to the instructions given in the table below. Also write the way you feel. Could you do it correctly?

S.No.	Action to be performed	Instruction	Could you do it? Write the way you feel.
1.	Take a jug of water and water the plants.	Do it blind folded.
2.	You have forgotten to bring your English textbook. Tell your friend the fact and re­quest him to give you his book.	Do it without speaking a word. Use only gestures.
3.	Bring football from the sports room to the playground.	Hold your right-foot in your right hand and go hopping on one leg.

Answer:

1. No, I could not do it. I felt dizzy.
2. No, I could not do it. I felt like a fish out of water.
3. Yes, I could do it. I feel pleasant.

Three Days to See Additional Important Questions

A. Read the passages and answer the questions that follow:

At times my heart cries out with longing to see all these things. If
I can get so much pleasure from mere touch, how much more beauty must be revealed by sight. And I have imagined what I should most like to see if I ivere given the use of my eyes, say, just three days… (Page 113)

Questions:
(a) The above extract is taken from
(i) The Last Leaf
(ii) The Bet
(iii) Three Days to See
(iv) Refund

(b) Find the word which means the same as ‘wish’.
(c) Find the word which means opposite to ‘sad’.
(d) What was the narrator’s calculation about sight?
Answer:
(a) (iii) Three Days to See
(b) Longing
(c) Pleasure
(d) The narrator’s calculation was that sight is the most delightful of all senses.

2. At midnight my temporary respite from blindness would cease, and permanent night would close in on me again. Naturally in those three days I should not have seen all I wanted to see. Only when darkness had again descended upon me should I realize how much I had left unseen… (Page 115)

Questions:
(a) Find the word which means same as ‘come down’.
(b) Find the word opposite in meaning to ‘permanent’.
(c) Give noun form of ‘naturally’.
(d) Could Helen see everything she desired to see in three days?
Answer:
(a) descended
(b) temporary
(c) Nature
(d) No, Helen desired to see a number of things. She could not see everything she desired to see in three days.

I. Match the following:
1. Darkness makes one – (a) the joys of sound
2. One who cannot see – (b) cries out with longing to see all the things.
3. Helen Keller’s heart at – (c) are insufficient to see all that times Helen wanted to see
4. Three days of sight – (d) finds things through more touch
5. Silence would teach one – (e) more appreciative of sight
Answer:
1. (e), 2. (d), 3. (b), 4. (c), 5. (a).

II. Pick up the correct choice.
(i) Three Days to See’ is written by:
(a) Hugh Chesterton
(b) John Milton
(c) Thor Heyerdahl
(d) Helen Keller
Answer:
(d) Helen Keller

(ii) A. I should devote to a …………. (hurried/hasty) glimpse of the world past and present.
B. I should try to…………… (prod/probe) into the soul of man through his art.
C. Now I begin my ……………… (rounds/trips) of the city.
D.Only when darkness had again …………… (descended/dismounted) upon me should I realize how much I had left unseen.
Answer:
A. hasty
B. probe
C. rounds
D. descended.

III. Write True’ or ‘False’.
1. Helen Keller had turned totally blind, deaf and dumb at the age of 19 years.
2. Helen longs her eyes to be restored just for three days.
3. On the first day she would look into the faces of her dear friends and an innocent baby.
4. On the second day she would view the magnificent ponorama qf light at sunrise.
5. She would spend the 3rd day in the works day world of the present.
Answer:

1. False
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. True.

IV. Fill in the following blanks:

1. Helen Keller has now and then tested her ……………. friends to discover what they see.
2. The first day would be a ………….. day.
3. The city would become Helen’s on the second day.
4. Of all the senses, the ……………….. must be the most delightful.
5. Helen would see ………………. and she would be compassionate.
Answer:

1. seeing
2. busy
3. destination
4. sight
5. suffering.

B. Short Answer Type Questions. , (In about 25 words)

Question 1.
What do you know about Helen Keller’s life?
Answer:
Helen Keller was born in 1880. She had turned totally blind,deaf and dumb when she was less than two years old. She learnt to read, write and even speak under the guidance of Mrs. Sullivan, her teacher. She graduated from Radcliff College at the age of 24. She published several books. She was no doubt a wonderful lady.

Question 2.
Does she curse the human beings to be blind and deaf like her?
Answer:
No, she does not curse the human beings to be blind and deaf like her. She wishes that they should have the experience of blindness and deafness for a short period. Blindness would make them more appreciative of sight. Similarly, silence (deafness/ dumbness) would teach them the joys of sound.

Question 3.
What was the result of Helen’s testing her seeing friends?
Answer:
Helen was blind. She wanted to test her seeing friends to discover whether they see or not and what they see. Most of the persons are least observant. One of her friends had recently returned from a long walk in the woods. When she was asked about her observations, she simply replied ‘Nothing in particular’.

Question 4.
What did Helen consider impossible?
Answer:
Helen was totally blind. She found hundreds of things of interest through mere touch. Her friend had told her that she had observed nothing in particular during her hour-long walk through the woods. She considered it impossible.

Question 5.
When does Helen consider herself fortunate?
Answer:
Helen feels the leaves, smooth skin of a silver birch and the rough bark of a pine. She also touches the branches of trees. She takes full interest in them. Sometimes she places her hand gently on a small tree. She feels the happy quiver of a bird in full song. Then, she considers herself fortunate.

Question 6.
Why does Helen like to gaze her teacher’s face?
Answer:
Mrs. Anne Sullivan Macy was Helen’s teacher. Her face had the living evidence of the sympathetic tenderness and patience. She had perfected the tough job of Helen’s education. Helen likes to gaze at i her teacher’s face to cherish its memory in her heart.

Question 7.
When would Helen realize that she had left much unseen?
Answer:
Helen’s temporary respite from blindness would come to an end at midnight. Permanent night would close in on her again. She would have left many things unseen. Darkness would again descend upon her. Then she would realize that she had left much unseen.

C. Long Answer Type Questions (In about 50 words)

Question 1.
‘Three Days to See’ is an apt title. Justify. (M.P. Board 2016)
Answer:
Helen Keller had got blind when she was under two years. She touched the things of her‘interest with her hands. She judged the symmetry, shape and size of the beautiful objects of nature through her hands. However, she was not mentally satisfied. She longed to see everything with her own eyes.

For this, she wanted her eyes restored just for three days. She would see her benefactors, the innocent babies and homely objects. She would also view things of art and natural beauty. She would see heroes in their colourful costumes and the lofty buildings. In the end she realizes that the period of three days was short. The story revolves round three days. Hence, it is an appropriate title.

Three Days to See Introduction

This is an extract from Helen Keller’s autobiography. In this extract she expresses her wish to spend three days with her eyesight restored. She tells us to make the best use of our senses and enjoy the beauty and pleasure around us.

Three Days to See Summary in English

Helen Keller had turned totally blind, deaf and dumb when she was only 19 months old. She faced the odds of life bravely and with determination. She considered it a blessing if each human being turned blind and deaf for a few days during his early adult life. Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight. Silence would teach him the joys of sound.

She asked a lady what she had observed in the woods. She got the reply ‘Nothing in particular’. She felt surprised. She herself found hundreds of things to interest her through mere touch. They gave her pleasure. She longed to have her eye sight restored for three days.

On the first day, she would like to see those persons who had made her life worth living. Her teacher was Mrs. Anne Sullivan Macy. She would outline her face to cherish it in her memory. She had enabled her to stand firm in the face of difficulties. She would also see all her dear friends and assess their inner beauty.

She would also observe the innocent beauty of a baby. She would also like to see the trusting and faithful eyes of her dog. She would also like to see her household goods especially the printed books. She would see the natural beauty in the woods and the horses ploughing the fields and the contented farmers.

On the second day she would view the panorama of light at sunrise. She would have a glimpse of the past and the present progress of mankind. She would see the artistic beauty. She would see the actions of the actors in a theatre or cinema hall.

On the third day she would view the revelation of beauty at dawn. She would see the working people in the city and the godly structures. I shall show my emotions by viewing the people’s smiles, determination and suffering. Again she would run to a theatre and appreciate the music of a funny play. Then the permanent darkness would make me realize how much I had left unseen.

She advised the people to make the most of all the senses and enjoy all the Godly blessings. Who knows when they might lose their senses of sight, smell, hearing, taste, and touch?

Three Days to See Summary in Hindi

हेलन केलर 19 महीने की आयु में पूर्णतः अंधी, बहरी और गूंगी हो गई थी। उसने जीवन की विषमताओं को वीरता तथा दृढ़ संकल्प से झेला। वह इसे वरदान समझेगी यदि प्रत्येक व्यक्ति अपनी पूर्व प्रौढ़ आयु में कुछ दिनों के लिए अंधा और बहरा हो जाए, अंधकार उन दृश्यों को अधिक सराहने वाला बना देगा। पौन रहना उसे ध्वनि के आनन्द से अवगत करा देगा।

उसने एक महिला से पूछा कि उसने वन में क्या देखा था। उसे उत्तर मिला कि ‘कोई विशिष्ट चीज नहीं’। वह आश्चर्य में पड़ गई। केवल स्पर्श मात्र से वह सैकड़ों चीजों को रोचक पाती थी। वे उसे आनन्द प्रदान करती थीं। वह इच्छा करती थी कि उसकी दृष्टि तीन दिनों के लिए वापस आ जाए। पहले दिन वह उन व्यक्तियों को देखना पसन्द करेगी जिन्होंने उसके जीवन को जीने योग्य (सार्थक) बनाया है। श्रीमती ऐने सुल्लीवान मेसी, उसकी अध्यापिका थीं, वह उसके चेहरे का रेखाचित्र बनाएगी ताकि सदा उनकी याद बनी रहे।

उन्होंने से विषमताओं का मुकाबला करने के लिए दृढ़ता से खड़ा होने के योग्य बनाया था। वह अपने सभी मित्रों को भी देखना चाहेगी और उनके आन्तरिक सौन्दर्य को आंकेगी। वह एक शिशु के निर्दोष सौन्दर्य को भी देखेगी। वह अपने कुत्ते का भरोसा करने वाली और वफादार आँखों को भी देखेगी। वह अपने घरेलू चीजों, विशेषकर छपी हुई पुस्तकों को भी देखना चाहेगी। वह वनों के प्राकृतिक सौन्दर्य, खेतों में हल को खींचते हुए घोड़ों और संतुष्ट किसानों को देखेगी।

दूसरे दिन वह सूर्योदय के प्रकाश के समूचे दृश्य को देखेगी। वह मानव की भूतकालीन तथा वर्तमान की प्रगति की झलक देखेगी। वह कलात्मक सौन्दर्य को देखेगी। वह किसी रंगमंच या सिनेमा हाल में अभिनेताओं की अदाओं को देखेगी। तीसरे दिन, वह ऊषाकाल में प्रस्फुटित होते हुए सौन्दर्य को देखेगी। वह शहर में कार्यशील व्यक्तियों तथा भव्य इमारतों को देखेगी।

वह लोगों की मुस्कान, दृढ़ संकल्प तथा कष्टों के प्रति अपने संवेग दिखाएगी। फिर वह रंगमंच में जाएगी और किसी हास्यपूर्ण नाटक के संगीत की सराहना करेगी। फिर पूर्ण रूप से अंधकार होने के कारण वह महसूस करेगी कि उसने कितनी बातें बिना देखे छोड़ दीं। उसने लोगों को नसीहत दी है कि सभी इन्द्रियों का पूर्ण आनन्द लें और भगवान द्वारा बख्शी हुई नियामतों का रसास्वादन करें, कौन जानता है कि किस समय उनकी दृष्टि, सूंघने, सुनने, चखने तथा स्पर्श करने की शक्तियां चली जाएं।

Three Days to See Word-Meanings

Three Days to See Some Important Pronunciations

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