Prasanna

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 The Vedic Culture

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Chapter 10 Text Book Exercise

Answer the following questions in a sentence:

Question 1.
Question (a)
Which texts come under the Vedic Literature?
Answer:
The Vedas, the Upanishads etc. are the religious texts come under the Vedic Literature.

Question (b)
What were coins called in the Vedic Period?
Answer:
Nishka.

Question (c)
Which deities were worshipped in the Vedic Period?
Answer:
In the Vedic Period many deities were worshipped that expressed the power of nature like Agni (fire), Surya (the sun), Vayu (air), Akash (sky), Vriksha (tree). Indra, Agni and Varun were the most respected deities. In the post Vedic Period, the path of wisdom or the “Gyana Marga” was given more importance than Rituals and Yajra.

Answer the following questions:

Question 2.
Question (a)
Why is the period of the Aryans known as the Vedic Period?
Answer:
The period of Aryans is called as the Vedic Period because its reconstruction is based on using the Vedic texts as sources.

Question (b)
What were the castes in which the society was divided in the Vedic Period?
Answer:
The Aryans society was divided into four castes. They were: Kshatriyas, Brahmans, Vaishyas and Surdas.

At first, these castes were based on occupations and activities in society. For instance, a boy could choose whatever occupation he liked. The king and his warriors were called Kshatriyas. Those who performed the religious ceremonies were called Vaishyas. Those who served all the above three castes were called Shudras. But later on sons began to do the same work as their fathers. So birth became the basis of caste.

Question (c)
Discuss the economic life of the people in the Vedic Period?
Answer:
The economic life of the people depended on agriculture, art, handicrafts and trade in the Vedic Period. The bulls and oxen were used for farming and pulling vehicles. Chariots were drawn by horses. The main occupations at the initial stage were making utensils, weaving cloth, carpentry, metallurgy, etc.

Question (d)
Explain that Mathematics and Astronomy was developed in the Vedic Period?
Answer:
All the branches of Mathematics were generally called Ganita which included Ankaganita (Arithmetic), Rekhaganita (Geometry), Beejganita (Algebra), Astronomy and Astrology.

In the Vedic Period people knew how to make a square equal to the area of a triangle. They should make squares equal in area of the total and difference of the areas of the squares within a circle. They had the knowledge of zero and thus could write big numbers. They also had the knowledge of the place value and the root value of every digit in a number. They also knew about cubes, cube roots, square and square roots, and used these in different mathematical operations.

Astronomy was highly developed in the Vedic Period. They knew about the motion of the celestial bodies and could calculate their position at different times. This helped them to prepare calenders and predict solar and lunar eclipses. They knew that the earth rotated on its axis and round the sun. They also knew that the moon moved around the earth.

They even tried to calculate the time taken by the celestial bodies in their rotation and the distance between these celestial bodies.

Question 3.
Match the columns:

Answer:

Question 4.
Fill in the blanks:

1.  ………………… was composed on the banks of the river Saraswati.
2. The society was divided into castes as per the ……………… of the people.
3. The metal used in making arms during the Post Vedic period was …………………
4. The kings or the Kshatriyas were led by ………………….

Answer:

1. Rigveda
2. occupation
3. iron
4. rulers.

Choose the correct alternative:

Question 5.
Question (a)
What among the following was not known to the Aryans in the Vedic Period?
(a) Zero
(b) Astronomy
(c) Copper
(d) Eight fold path
Answer:
(d) Eight fold path

Question (b)
Which among the following was not a social characteristic of the Vedic Period?
(a) Honour of women
(b) Caste division of the society on the basis of occupation
(c) Marriage of young men and women as per their choice
(d) Child marriage.
Answer:
(d) Child marriage.

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Solutions Chapter 21 The Local Self-Government

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Chapter 21 Text Book Exercise

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Chapter 21 Short Answer type Questions

Question 1.
Question (a)
What is the head of a Gram-Panchayat called?
Answer:
The head of a Gram-Panchayat is called Sarpanch.

Question (b)
What is tenure of the Panchayats?
Answer:
The tenure of the Panchayats is five years. If the Sarpanch does not fulfil his duties properly, he/she may be removed by bringing a no confidence motion against him/her.

Question (c)
In how many months the meetings of Gram Sabha are held?
Answer:
The Gram Sabha holds its meeting in every three months.

Question (d)
What status is given to the President of the Zila Panchayat?
Answer:
The President of the Zila Panchayat has the status of a State Minister.

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Chapter 21 Long answer type Questions

Question 2.
Question (a)
Explain the meaning of local self government.
Answer:
1. Participation Activities of the Government. The local self-government lightens the work of the Central and State Government. It understands local problems better than the state or Central government.

2. Setting up of Contact between Citizens and Government. The aim of the local self-government is to solve the local problem by cooperation. Thus it sets up a contact  between the citizens and the Government. The local people alone are interested in the solution of their problems.

3. Creates Civic Responsibilities. The local self-government creates civic responsibilities among the citizens. They also provide training of administration to the people at lower level.

4. Success of Projects. The local self-government promotes the success of various projects and plan. Thus they promote national development. The local people work with speed and with personal interest.

Question (b)
How is a Gram Panchayat constituted? Explain.
Answer:
Gram Panchayat is formed with a minimum population of 1000. Small villages (who’s population is less than 1000) are usually merged with the larger villages. In some places one Gram Panchayat works for more than one village. Every Gram Panchayat is divided in several smaller areas. These are called Panchayat wards. People of every ward elect their own Panch. The elected Panch participate in the election of Gram Panchayat from their wards.

Person attaining maximum votes becomes the Panch. There are minimum 10 and maximum 20 Panch in each Gram Panchayat. merged with the larger villages. In some places one Gram Panchayat works for more than one village. Every Gram Panchayat is divided in several smaller areas. These are called Panchayat wards. People of every ward elect their own Panch. The elected Panch participate in the election of Gram Panchayat from their wards. Person attaining maximum votes be-comes the Panch. There are minimum 10 and maximum 20 Panch in each Gram Panchayat.

Question (c)
What work is done by the Gram Panchayat for the development of the villages.
Answer:
Grain Panchayat performs two types of work. They are called:

1. Compulsory work:
It makes arrangements for water, health, sanitation, upkeep of the roads, lighting arrangements and planting of trees. The Panchayat keeps the village clean, if the drains of urinals or toilets of any house spreads filth in the villages.

2. Voluntary work.
Some of the voluntary functions are: management of health centers, small dispensaries and village markets, helping the immunization of young children organising Akharas or village sports; acquiring and maintaining radio and T.V. sets.

Question (d)
Explain the constitution and functions of the Janpad Panchayat.
Answer:
Constitution of Janpad Panchayat. All the Pradhans and Panchas of the Gram Panchayat in a block elect their representative to the Janpad Panchayat and Vidhan Parishad (Legislative Assembly, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) who are elected from the Block are also members of the Block Samiti.

The Pradhans of the notified and town area committees coming within that Block are also members of the Block Samiti. There are two female representatives and four scheduled castes representatives in every Block Samiti. All the members of the Block Samiti elect a Chairman and Vice-Chairman.

The main functions of Janpad Panchayat:

(a) The Janpad Panchayat has many experts such as an agricultural expert, an educational expert, a veterinary doctor, etc. These experts provide help and advice to the rural people in various fields. The villagers are helped in obtaining good and improved seed and manures.

(b) The experts educate the people on various matters such as agriculture, improving the breed of cattle and keeping them healthy. The experts bring about a change in the outlook of the village people through education and literacy.

(c) It also obtains money from the state government for development of its Block.

(d) janpad Panchayat looks after the work of Gram Panchayat that comes under its jurisdiction.

Question (e)
Who are the members of the Zila Panchayat?
Answer:
The Zila Panchayat is constituted of 10 to 35 elected members. The members are elected for a period of 5 years.

The members of Vidhan Sabha, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha are also the members of the Zila Panchayat. Only those members of the Vidhan Sabha and Lok Sabha are members of the Zila Panchayat whose constituency falls fully or partially in a rural area.

Similarly those members of the Rajya Sabha are members of the Zila Panchayat whose names occur in the voter list of a Gram Panchayat. The Presidents of all the Janpad Panchayat are also members of the Zila Panchayat. There is a provision for reservation for scheduled caste, scheduled tribes, backward classes and women.

Project Work:

Question 1.
What are the main problems of your village/city? Make a list of these problems. Who can solve these problems? Write in detail.
Answer:
Please do with the help of your teacher.

Question 2.
Do a role play depicting the activities of Panchayat or any other local self-governing body.
Answer:
Please do with the help of your teacher.

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Harappan Civilization

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Chapter 9 Text Book Exercise

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Question (a)
Why is the Indus Valley Civilization, called the Harrappan civilization?
Answer:
The Indus Valley civilization is also called as the Harrappan civilization because:

1. Most of the artifacts of this civiliation are discovered from this side.
2. It extended over a bigger area than any of other side of this civilization.

Question (b)
What are the main features of the Indus Valley Civilization?
Answer:
The main features of the Indus Valley Civilization are:

1. It’s expanse shows that it was the largest civilization in area.
2. It’s area was twenty times the area of the Egyptian civilization.
3. It developed in the northern and western parts of India and Pakistan in the valley of the river Indus.
4. It is expanded to Pakistan Southern Afghanistan and in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra in India.

Question (c)
Which tree was worshipped in the Indus Valley Civilization?
Answer:
Peepal tree was worshipped in the Indus Valley Civilization.

Question (d)
Name the four main sites of the Harrappan civilization?
Answer:
The four main sides of the Harrappan civilization are:

1. Mohan – jo – dero and Chan -hu – daro (Pakistan)
2. Ropad (Punjab)
3. Rangpur (Sourashtra)
4. Rakhigarhi (Haryana)

Answer the following questions in brief:

Question 2.
Question (a)
Why did the river valley civilization develop on the banks of rivers?
Answer:
The river valley civilization develop on the banks of rivers because:

1. The soil on the banks of rivers was fertile.
2. Water was also easily available.
3. Transport was possible on boats and rafts.
4. Grass and water for the animals was also easily available.

Question (b)
Write about the technology and technical knowledge in the Harrappan civilization?
Answer:
Harrappan civilization belong to the Bronze Age. Bronze is made by mixing zinc or tin with copper. Bronze is stronger than copper. The things found in excavations. prove that the people of this civilization had well developed the art of melting, moulding Their doors and windows were made of and mixing metals.

The artisans were proficient in making earthern untensils, rasp and toys. They also made ornaments of silver, gold and precious stones. The statue of a dancer in bronze is the best example of the Harappans Sculpture.

Question (c)
Which crops were grown in the Harrappan civilization?
Answer:
The Crop grown in the Harappan civilization were wheat, barley, mustard, cotton, pea and sesamum.

Question (d)
What tools were used by the Harappan people for weight and measurement?
Answer:
The Harrappan people used “weights” and “measuring rods” for weighing and measuring.

Give detailed answers to the following questions:

Question 3.
Question (a)
Explain the planning of cities in Harrappan?
Answer:
Harappan cities and their town planning:

The cities of Mohan – jo – daro and Harrappa were well – planned. They were divided in two parts. The upper part built on raised platforms is known as citadel. The lower part where majority of population lived had to take refuse sometimes in the citadel. The roads in the cities were straight and intersected each other perpendicularly.

Grainaries were the most impressive buildings in the citadel of Harrappa. They were neatly laid out in rectangles and lay close to the river. These granaries used to be full to meet out the demands of city dwellers. Some palace-like buildings have also been found. A building having a big hall has also been found. The best known of the building is citadel is called Great Bath.

The Great Bath resembled a large swimming pool. Houses in the Mohen – jo – daro were carefully planned. They were built of brick and had thick, strong walls, which were plastered and coloured. The roofs were flat. Their doors and windows were made of wood. The kitchen had a fireplace and large jar of pottery.

The main points of Harrappan’s cities:

1. The use of fired bricks in building was the speciality of the Harrappan Civilization. These were not used in the contemporary Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations.
2. The Harrappan people were the first to develop planned cities with a network of streets and drainage system.

Question (b)
What do you know about the religious beliefs of the Harrappan people?
Answer:
Religious Beliefs of Harrappa People:
The Historians have made some guess work about the Harrappa people. Clay figures of mother goddess have been found, so they probably worshipped these. A seated figure of a male god, carved on a small stone seal was also found. This Pasupati seal was found at Mohen – jo – daro. Some of the Harrappan people buried their dead in graves, other practised urn burial. They believed that there was life somewhere even after death because often contained household pottery, ornaments and mirrors.

Question (c)
Write the reasons for the decline of the Harrappan people?
Answer:
The following reasons have been attributed to the probable decline of the Harrappan civilization on the basis of the evidences found so far:

1. The river Indus have changed its route due to earthquake causing great landslides which buried the cities underearth.
2. Some historians believe that the civilization was destroyed by Aryan invasion.
3. The scarcity of rain in this area and the increase in the desert land adversely affected agriculture and animal rearing which caused the decline of the civilization.
4.  Some people presume that the civilization declined due the flood in the river Indus.

Question 4.
Fill in the blanks:

1. The most important public place plastered and coloured in Mohan -jo- daro was the great ………………….. (godown/bath)
2. The Harrappan Civilization was …………………… civilization (Urban/rural)
3. The dancer in bronze found in the Harappan. Civilization is the best example of ……………….
   (sculpture/architecture)
4. The picture of an ox with a hump is found on ……………. (building/seals)
5. The Harrapan script was ……………… (Devanagari/pictorial)
6. Attention was paid in the Harrappan Civilization on ……………… and pollution free environment, (cleanliness/fifth)

Answer:

1. bath
2. urban
3. sculpture
4. seals
5. pictorial
6. cleanliness

Question 5.
Match the civilizations with the river valleys in which they developed.

1. Valley of the river Nile – Mohan – jo – daro and Harrappa Civilization
2. Valley of the rivers – Egyptian Civilization Euphrates and Tigris
3. Valley of the river Indus – Chinese Civilization
4. Valley of the river Hwang – Ho Chinese Civilization.

Answer:

1. Valley of the river Nile – Egyptian Civilization
2. Valley of the rivers – Euphrates and Tigris Mesopotamian Civilization
3. Valley of the river Indus – Mohan – jo – daro and Harrappa Civilization
4. Valley of the river Hwang – Ho Chinese Civilization –

Choose the correct alternative :

Question 6.
Question (a)
Which among the following is not a characteristic of the Harrappan Civilization?
(a) Planned cities
(b) The art of melting and moulding metals
(c) Shelter on trees and in caves
(d) Animal rearing and agriculture.
Answer:
(c) Shelter on trees and in caves

Question (b)
Which among the following metals was mostly used by the Harrappans?
(a) iron
(b) copper
(c) gold
(d) silver
Answer:
(b) copper

Question (c)
Which among the following was one of the causes for the decline of the Harappan Civilization?
(a) Fire
(b) Aryan invasion
(c) Maghal in vasion
(d) Heavy rainfall
Answer:
(b) Aryan invasion

Project Work

Question 1.
Write the achievements of the Harrappan Civilization in a sequence?
Answer:
Please do with the help of your teacher.

Question 2.
Show the following cities on a map?
Harrappa, Mohan – jo – daro, Kalibangan, Lothal, Ropad.
Answer:

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 8th Maths Solutions Chapter 11 क्षेत्रमिति Ex 11.1

प्रश्न 1.
जैसा कि संलग्न आकृति में दर्शाया गया है, एक आयताकार और एक वर्गाकार खेत के माप दिए हुए हैं। यदि इनके परिमाप समान हैं, तो किस खेत का क्षेत्रफल अधिक होगा?

हल:
माना कि आयताकार खेत की चौड़ाई = b m है।
आयताकार खेत की लम्बाई = 80 m
वर्गकार खेत की भुजा = 60 m
वर्गाकार खेत का परिमाप = 4 x 60 m = 240 m
अब, प्रश्नानुसार, आयत का परिमाप – वर्ग का परिमाप
2(80 + b) = 240
80 + b = \(\frac{240}{2}\) = 120
b = (120 – 80) m = 40 m.
अतः आयत की चौड़ाई = 40 m.
अब, वर्गाकार खेत का क्षेत्रफल = (भुजा)² = (60)² m²
= 60 x 60 m² = 3600 m²
आयताकार खेत का क्षेत्रफल = l x b = 80 m x 40 m
= 3200 m²
3600 m² > 3200 m²
अतः वर्गाकार खेत का शेत्रफल अधिक है।

प्रश्न 2.
श्रीमती कौशिक के पास चित्र में दर्शाए गए मापों वाला एक वर्गाकार प्लॉट है। वह प्लॉट के बीच में एक घर बनाना चाहती हैं। घर के चारों ओर एक बगीचा विकसित किया गया है। ₹ 55 प्रति वर्ग मीटर की दर से इस बगीचे को विकसित करने का व्यय ज्ञात कीजिए।

हल:
वर्गाकार प्लॉट की भुजा = 25 m
वर्गाकार प्लॉट का क्षेत्रफल= (भुजा) = (25 m)²
= 25 m x 25 m = 625 m²
भीतरी आयत की लम्बाई l = 20 m, चौड़ाई = 15 m
भीतरी आयत का क्षेत्रफल = l x b = 20 m x 15 m
= 300 m²
∴ बगीचे का क्षेत्रफल = वर्गाकार प्लॉट का क्षेत्रफल – भीतरी आयत का क्षेत्रफल
= 625 m² – 300 m²
= 325 m²
₹ 55 प्रति वर्ग मीटर की दर से बगीचे को विकसित करने का व्यय
= ₹ 55 x 325
= ₹ 17,875

प्रश्न 3.
जैसा कि आरेख में दर्शाया गया है, एक बगीचे का आकार मध्य में आयताकार है और किनारों पर अर्धवृत्त के रूप में है। इस बगीचे का परिमाप और क्षेत्रफल ज्ञात कीजिए। (आयत की लम्बाई 20 – (3.5 + 3.5) मीटर है।)

हल:
आयत की लम्बाई = 20 – (3.5 + 3.5) मीटर
= (20 – 7) मीटर = 13 मीटर
आयत की चौड़ाई = 7 मीटर ; वृत्त की त्रिज्या
= \(\frac{7}{2}\) मीटर = 3.5 मीटर
बगीचे का परिमाप = 2 x आयताकार भाग की
लम्बाई + दो अर्धवृत्तों का परिमाप
2 x l + 2πr = 2 x 13 + 2 x \(\frac{7}{2}\) x 3.5 मीटर
= 26 + 22 मीटर
= 48 मीटर
अतः बगीचे का परिमाप = 48 मीटर
बगीचे का क्षेत्रफल = आयताकार भाग का क्षेत्रफल + 2 अर्धवृत्तों का क्षेत्रफल
= l x b + 2 x \(\frac{1}{2}\)πr²
= 13 x 7 + 2 x \(\frac{1}{2}\) x \(\frac{22}{7}\) x 3.5 x 3.5
= 91 + 38.5 मीटर² = 129.5 मीटर²
अतः बगीचे का क्षेत्रफल = 129.5 मीटर²

प्रश्न 4.
फर्श बनाने के लिए उपयोग की जाने वाली एक टाइल का आकार समान्तर चतुर्भुज का है जिसका आधार 24 cm और संगत ऊँचाई 10 cm है। 1080 वर्ग मीटर क्षेत्रफल के एक फर्श को ढकने के लिए ऐसी कितनी टाइलों की आवश्यकता है? फर्श के कोनों को भरने के लिए आवश्यकतानुसार आप टाइलों को किसी भी रूप में तोड़ सकते हैं।
हल:
समान्तर चतुर्भुज का आधार = 24 सेमी
ऊँचाई = 10 सेमी।
एक टाइल का क्षेत्रफल = आधार x ऊँचाई
= 24 सेमी x 10 सेमी
= 240 सेमी²
फर्श का क्षेत्रफल = 1080 वर्ग मीटर
= 1080 x 100 x 100 वर्ग सेमी

= 45,000 टाइलें
अतः फर्श को ढकने के लिए आवश्यक टाइलों की संख्या = 45,000

प्रश्न 5.
एक चींटी किसी फर्श पर बिखरे हुए विभिन्न आकारों के भोज्य पदार्थ के टुकड़ों के चारों ओर घूम रही है।
भोज्य पदार्थ के किस टुकड़े के लिए चींटी को लम्बा चक्कर लगाना पड़ेगा? स्मरण रखिए, वृत्त की परिधि c = 2πr, जहाँ r वृत्त की त्रिज्या है, की सहायता से प्राप्त की जा सकती है।

हल:
दी गई आकृतियों पर बिन्दु A, B, C और D अंकित किए। माना कि चींटी प्रत्येक आकृति में भोज्य पदार्थों के टुकड़ों के चारों ओर घूमने के लिए बिन्दु A से प्रारम्भ करके पुनः उसी बिन्दु पर पहुँचती है।

1. भोज्य पदार्थ के (a) टुकड़े के लिए;
यहाँ r = \(\frac{2.8}{2}\) सेमी = 1.4 सेमी
चींटी द्वारा चली गई दूरी= चाप AB + दूरी BA
\(\frac{1}{2}\) x 2πr + BA
= \(\frac{1}{2}\) x 2 x \(\frac{22}{7}\) x 14 + 2.8 सेमी
= 4.4 + 2.8 = 7.2 सेमी

1. भोज्य पदार्थ के (b) टुकड़े के लिए,
चींटी द्वारा चली गई दूरी = चाप AB + दूरी BC + CD + DA
= \(\frac{1}{2}\) x 2πr + 1.5 सेमी + 2.8 सेमी + 1.5 सेमी
= \(\frac{1}{2}\) x 2 x \(\frac{22}{7}\) x 1.4 + 1.5 + 2.8 + 1.5 सेमी
= 4.4 सेमी + 5.8 सेमी
= 10.2 सेमी

3. भोज्य पदार्थ के (c) टुकड़े के लिए,
चींटी द्वारा चली गई दूरी = चाप AB + BC + CA
= \(\frac{1}{2}\) x 2πr + 2 सेमी + 2 सेमी
= \(\frac{22}{7}\) x 1.4 सेमी + 2 सेमी + 2 सेमी
= 4.4 सेमी + 4 सेमी = 8.4 सेमी
स्पष्ट है कि चींटी को भोज्य पदार्थ (b) टुकड़े के लिए लम्बा चक्कर लगाना पड़ेगा।

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 180

प्रयास कीजिए (क्रमांक 11.2)

प्रश्न 1.
नजमा की बहन के पास भी एक समलम्ब के आकार का प्लॉट है जैसा कि संलग्न आकृति में दर्शाया गया है। इसे तीन भागों में बाँटिए। दर्शाइए कि समलम्ब WXYZ का क्षेत्रफल = h \(\frac{a+b}{2}\).

हल:
माना कि Y और Z से लम्ब WX पर क्रमशः L तथा M पर मिलते हैं।
तब, समलम्ब WXYZ का क्षेत्रफल
= समकोण ∆LXY का क्षेत्रफल + आयत MLYZ का क्षेत्रफल + समकोण ∆WMZ का क्षेत्रफल
= \(\frac{1}{2}\) x LX x YL + ML x LY + \(\frac{1}{2}\) x WM x ZM
= \(\frac{1}{2}\) x d x h + h x h + \(\frac{1}{2}\) + x c x h
= \(\frac{1}{2}\)h (d + 2b + c)
= \(\frac{1}{2}\)h (2b + c + d)
= \(\frac{1}{2}\)h (b + b + c + d)
= \(\frac{1}{2}\)h (b + a)
(∴ a = b + c + d)
अतः समलम्ब WXYZ का क्षेत्रफल = h \(\frac{a+b}{2}\)

प्रश्न 2.
यदि h = 10 cm, c = 6 cm, b = 12 cm, d = 4cm, तो इसके प्रत्येक भाग का मान अलग-अलग ज्ञात कीजिए और WXYZ का क्षेत्रफल ज्ञात करने के लिए इनका योग कीजिए। h, a तथा b का मान व्यंजक \(\frac{h(a+b)}{2}\) में रखते हुए इसका सत्यापन कीजिए।
हल:
यहाँ h = 10 cm, c = 6 cm, b = 12 cm, d = 4 cm.
समलम्ब WXYZ का क्षेत्रफल = समकोण ∆LXY का क्षेत्रफल + आयत MLYZ का क्षेत्रफल + समकोण ∆WMZ का क्षेत्रफल
= \(\frac{1}{2}\) x d x h + b x h + \(\frac{1}{2}\) x c x h
= \(\frac{1}{2}\) x 4 x 10 + 12 x 10 + \(\frac{1}{2}\) x 6 x 10
= 20 + 120 + 30 = 170 cm²
सत्यापन:
समलम्ब WXYZ का क्षेत्रफल = h \(\frac{a+b}{2}\)
यहाँ, a = c + b + d = 6 cm + 12 cm + 4 cm = 22 cm
∴ समलम्ब का क्षेत्रफल = 10 x \(\frac{22+12}{2}\) cm²
= 5 x 34 cm² = 170 cm²
अतः सूत्र द्वारा क्षेत्रफल का सत्यापन होता है।

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 181

इन्हें कीजिए (क्रमांक 11.1)

प्रश्न 1.
1. आलेख कागज (ग्राफ पेपर) के अन्दर कोई भी समलम्ब WXYZ खींचिए जैसाकि संलग्न आकृति 11.9 में दर्शाया गया है और इसे काटकर बाहर निकालिए।

2. भुजा XY को मोड़कर इसका मध्य बिन्दु ज्ञात कीजिए और इसे A नाम दीजिए (आकृति 11.10)।

3. भुजा ZA के साथ-साथ काटते हुए समलम्ब WXYZ को दो भागों में काटिए। ∆ZYA को ऐसे रखिए जैसा कि आकृति 11.11 में दर्शाया गया है जिसमें AY को AX के ऊपर रखा गया है। बड़े त्रिभुज के आधार की लम्बाई क्या है? इस त्रिभुज के क्षेत्रफल का व्यंजक लिखिए (आकृति 11.11)।

4. इस त्रिभुज और समलम्ब WXYZ का क्षेत्रफल समान है। (कैसे)? त्रिभुज के क्षेत्रफल के व्यंजक का उपयोग करते हुए समलम्ब के क्षेत्रफल का व्यंजक प्राप्त कीजिए।
हल:
3 बड़े त्रिभुज के आधार की लम्बाई
= WB = WX + XB
= WX + ZY
= a+b
∆WBZ का क्षेत्रफल = \(\frac{1}{2}\) x आधार x ऊँचाई
= \(\frac{1}{2}\) x WB x h
= \(\frac{1}{2}\) (a + b) x h
परन्तु समलम्ब WXYZ का क्षेत्रफल = \(\frac{1}{2}\) x (a + b) h
∴ समलम्ब का क्षेत्रफल = ∆WBZ का क्षेत्रफल अतः समलम्ब का क्षेत्रफल = \(\frac{1}{2}\) x त्रिभुज का आधार x इसकी ऊँचाई

प्रयास कीजिए (क्रमांक 11.3)

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित समलम्बों का क्षेत्रफल ज्ञात कीजिए (आकृति : 11.12)।

हल:
(i) यहाँ, a = 9 सेमी
b = 7 सेमी तथा
h = 3 सेमी
∴ समलम्ब का क्षेत्रफल = h \(\frac{a+b}{2}\)
∴ समलम्ब का क्षेत्रफल = 3 x \(\frac{9+7}{2}\) वर्ग सेमी
= 3 x \(\frac{16}{2}\) वर्ग सेमी
= 24 वर्ग सेमी
अतः समलम्ब का क्षेत्रफल = 24 वर्ग सेमी

(ii) यहाँ, a = 10 सेमी
b = 5 सेमी तथा
h = 6 सेमी
समलम्ब का क्षेत्रफल = h \(\frac{a+b}{2}\)
समलम्ब का क्षेत्रफल = 6 x \(\frac{10+5}{2}\) वर्ग सेमी
= 3 x 15 = 45 वर्ग सेमी
अतः समलम्ब का क्षेत्रफल = 45 वर्ग सेमी

इन्हें कीजिए (क्रमांक 11.2)

प्रश्न 1.
1. कक्षा VII में हमने विभिन्न परिमापों लेकिन समान क्षेत्रफलों वाले समान्तर चतुर्भुजों की रचना करना सीखा है। क्या यह समलम्बों के लिए भी किया जा सकता है? जाँच कीजिए क्या विभिन्न परिमापों वाले निम्नलिखित समलम्ब क्षेत्रफल में समान हैं (आकृति 11.13)

2. हम जानते हैं। कि सभी सर्वांगसम आकृतियाँ क्षेत्रफल में समान होती हैं। क्या हम कह सकते हैं कि समान क्षेत्रफल वाली आकृतियाँ सर्वांगसम भी होती हैं? क्या ये आकृतियाँ सर्वांगसम हैं?
3. एक वर्गाकार शीट पर कम से कम तीन ऐसे समलम्ब खींचिए जिनके परिमाप समान हों परन्तु क्षेत्रफल विभिन्न हों।
हल:
1. हाँ, यह समलम्बों के लिए भी किया जा सकता है।
पहले समलम्ब का क्षेत्रफल = \(\frac{1}{2}\)h(a+b)
= \(\frac{a+b}{2}\) x 4 x (10 + 14) वर्ग इकाई

= 2 x 24 वर्ग इकाई
= 48 वर्ग इकाई।
दूसरे समलम्ब का क्षेत्रफल = \(\frac{1}{2}\) x (4 + 8) x 8 वर्ग इकाई
= 4 x 12 वर्ग इकाई
= 48 वर्ग इकाई
तीसरे समलम्ब का क्षेत्रफल = \(\frac{a+b}{2}\) x (6 + 10) x 6 वर्ग इकाई
= 3 x 16 वर्ग इकाई
= 48 वर्ग इकाई
पहले समलम्ब का परिमाप = 5 + 10 + 4 + 14 इकाई
= 33 इकाई
दूसरे समलम्ब का परिमाप = 8 + 4 + 8 + 8 इकाई
= 28 इकाई
तीसरे समलम्ब का परिमाप = 6 + 6 + 10 + 7 इकाई
= 29 इकाई
अतः स्पष्ट है कि विभिन्न परिमाप वाले समलम्ब क्षेत्रफल में समान हैं।
2. यह आवश्यक नहीं कि समान क्षेत्रफल वाली आकृतियाँ सर्वांगसम भी हों।
3. ऐसी आकृतियाँ जिनके परिमाप समान हैं परन्तु क्षेत्रफल विभिन्न हैं

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 182

प्रयास कीजिए (क्रमांक 11.4)

प्रश्न 1.
हम जानते हैं कि समान्तर चतुर्भुज भी एक चतुर्भुज है। आइए, इसे भी हम दो त्रिभुजों में विभक्त करते हैं और इन दोनों त्रिभुजों का क्षेत्रफल ज्ञात करते हैं। इस प्रकार समान्तर चतुर्भुज का क्षेत्रफल भी ज्ञात करते हैं। क्या यह सूत्र आपको पूर्व में ज्ञात सूत्र से मेल खाता है (आकृति 11.15)?

हल:
समान्तर चतुर्भुज का क्षेत्रफल = ∆ABC का क्षेत्रफल + ∆BCD का क्षेत्रफल
\(\frac{1}{2}\) = x b x h + \(\frac{1}{2}\) x b x h
= \(\frac{1}{2}\) x (b + b) x h
\(\frac{1}{2}\) x 2b x h = b x h = bh
समान्तर चतुर्भुज ABCD का क्षेत्रफल = \(\frac{1}{2}\) (समान्तर भुजाओं का योग) – उनके बीच की दूरी
= \(\frac{1}{2}\) x (b + b) x h
\(\frac{1}{2}\) x 2b x h = bh
हाँ, यह सूत्र पूर्व में ज्ञात सूत्र से मेल खाता है।

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 183

सोचिए, चर्चा कीजिए और लिखिए (क्रमांक 11.1)

प्रश्न 1.
समान्तर चतुर्भुज का विकर्ण खींचकर इसे दो सर्वांगसम त्रिभुजों में बाँटा जाता है। क्या समलम्ब को भी दो सर्वांगसम त्रिभुजों में बाँटा जा सकता है?
उत्तर:
नहीं, समलम्ब को दो सर्वांगसम त्रिभुजों में नहीं बाँटा जा सकता है।

प्रयास कीजिए (क्रमांक 11.5)

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित चतुर्भुजों का क्षेत्रफल ज्ञात कीजिए (आकृति 11.16)

हल:
(i) यहाँ d = 6 सेमी,
h₁ = 3 सेमी,
h₂ = 5 सेमी
चतुर्भुज ABCD का क्षेत्रफल = \(\frac{1}{2}\) x d x (h₁ + h₂)
चतुर्भुज ABCD का क्षेत्रफल = \(\frac{1}{2}\) x 6 x (3 + 5)
वर्ग सेमी = 3 x 8 वर्ग सेमी
= 24 वर्ग सेमी।

(ii) यहाँ, d₁ = 7 सेमी तथा
d₂ = 6 सेमी
चतुर्भुज PQRS का क्षेत्रफल = \(\frac{1}{2}\) – विकर्णों का गुणनफल
= \(\frac{1}{2}\) x d₁ x d₂
समचतुर्भुज PQRS का क्षेत्रफल = \(\frac{1}{2}\) x 7 x 6 वर्ग सेमी
= 21 वर्ग सेमी।

(iii) चतुर्भुज MLNO का क्षेत्रफल = समान्तर चतुर्भुज MLNO का क्षेत्रफल
= 2 x ∆LMN का क्षेत्रफल
= 2 x \(\frac{1}{2}\) x LN x MP x
= 2 x \(\frac{1}{2}\) x 8 सेमी x 2 सेमी
= 16 वर्ग सेमी।

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 184

प्रयास कीजिए (क्रमांक 11.6)

प्रश्न 1.
1. निम्नलिखित बहुभुजों (आकृति 11.17) का क्षेत्रफल ज्ञात करने के लिए इन्हें विभिन्न भागों (त्रिभुजों एवं समलम्बो) में विभाजित कीजिए।

2. बहुभुज ABCDE को विभिन्न भागों में बाँटा गया है जैसा कि आकृति 11.18 में दर्शाया गया है। यदि AD = 8 cm, AH = 6cm, AG = 4cm, AF = 3cm और लम्ब BF = 2cm, CH = 3 cm, EG = 2.5 cm तो इसका क्षेत्रफल ज्ञात कीजिए।
बहुभुज ABCDE का क्षेत्रफल = ∆AFB का क्षेत्रफल + …

∆AFB का क्षेत्रफल = \(\frac{1}{2}\) x AF x BF
= \(\frac{1}{2}\) x 3 x 2 = …..
समलम्ब FBCH का क्षेत्रफल = FH x \(\frac{(BH+CH)}{2}\) = 3 x \(\frac{(2+3)}{2}\)
[FH = AH – AF]
∆CHD का क्षेत्रफल = F x HD x CH = …, ∆ADE का क्षेत्रफल = \(\frac{1}{2}\) x AD x GE = …
इसलिए बहुभुज ABCDE का क्षेत्रफल = ….

3. यदि MP = 9 cm, MD = 7 cm, MC = 6 cm, MB=4cm, MA=2 cm तो बहुभुज MNOPQR(आकृति 11.19) का क्षेत्रफल ज्ञात कीजिए। NA, OC, QD एवं RB विकर्ण MP पर खींचे गए लंब हैं।

हल:
1. दिए गए बहुभुज EFGHI को निम्नांकित भागों में विभाजित किया गया है।
बहुभुज का क्षेत्रफल = ∆FGL का क्षेत्रफल + समलम्ब LGHN का क्षेत्रफल + ∆NHI का क्षेत्रफल + ∆EFI का क्षेत्रफल

= \(\frac{1}{2}\) x FL x GL + \(\frac{1}{2}\) (GL + HN) x LN + \(\frac{1}{2}\) x NI x HN + \(\frac{1}{2}\) x FI x ME

बहुभुज MNOPQR को विभिन्न भागों में विभाजित किया गया है।
बहुभुज MNOPQR का क्षेत्रफल = ∆MTN का क्षेत्रफल + ∆OSN का क्षेत्रफल + समलम्ब OPUS का क्षेत्रफल + ∆PQU का क्षेत्रफल + ∆RVQ का क्षेत्रफल + समलम्ब MTVR का क्षेत्रफल
= \(\frac{1}{2}\) x NT x TM + \(\frac{1}{2}\) x SN x OS + \(\frac{1}{2}\) (OS + PU) x SU + \(\frac{1}{2}\) x UQ x PU + \(\frac{1}{2}\) x QV x VR + \(\frac{1}{2}\) = (TM X VR) x TV

2. यहाँ, AD = 8 सेमी
AH = 6 सेमी
AG = 4 सेमी
AF = 3 सेमी
लम्ब BF = 2 सेमी
CH = 3 सेमी
EG = 2.5 सेमी।
बहुभुज ABCDE का क्षेत्रफल = ∆AFB का क्षेत्रफल + समलम्ब FBCH का क्षेत्रफल + ∆CHD का क्षेत्रफल + ∆ADE का क्षेत्रफल
∆AFB का क्षेत्रफल = \(\frac{1}{2}\) x AF x BF
= 1 x 3 x 2 = 3 सेमी
समलम्ब FBCH का क्षेत्रफल = FH x \(\frac{(BF+CH)}{2}\)
= 3 x \(\frac{2+3}{2}\) = \(\frac{15}{2}\) सेमी²
= 7.5 सेमी² (FH = AH – AF)
∆CHD का क्षेत्रफल= \(\frac{2+3}{2}\) x HD x CH
= \(\frac{1}{2}\) x 2 x 3 = 3 सेमी² (HD = AD – AH)
∆ADE का क्षेत्रफल = \(\frac{1}{2}\) x AD x BE = \(\frac{1}{2}\) x 8 x 2.5
= 10.0 सेमी²
इसीलिए बहुभुज ABCDE का क्षेत्रफल
= 3 सेमी² + 7.5 सेमी² + 3 सेमी² + 10.0 सेमी²
= 23.5 सेमी²

3. यहाँ, MP= 9 सेमी
MD = 7 सेमी
MC = 6 सेमी
MB = 4 सेमी
MA = 2 सेमी।
बहुभुज MNOPQR का क्षेत्रफल = ∆MNA का क्षेत्रफल + समलम्ब ANOC का क्षेत्रफल + ∆OCP का क्षेत्रफल + AQDP का क्षेत्रफल + समलम्ब BDQR का क्षेत्रफल + ∆RBM का क्षेत्रफल
= \(\frac{1}{2}\) AM x MN + \(\frac{1}{2}\) x (AN + OC) x AC + \(\frac{1}{2}\) CP x OC + \(\frac{1}{2}\)DP x DQ + \(\frac{1}{2}\) (BN + DQ) – BD + \(\frac{1}{2}\) BM x BR
= \(\frac{1}{2}\) x 2 x 2.5 वर्ग सेमी + \(\frac{1}{2}\) 2x (2.5 + 3) x 4 वर्ग सेमी + \(\frac{1}{2}\) x 3 x 3 वर्ग सेमी + \(\frac{1}{2}\) x 2 x 2 वर्ग सेमी + \(\frac{1}{2}\) x (2.5 + 2) x 3 वर्ग सेमी + \(\frac{1}{2}\) x 4 x 2.5 वर्ग सेमी।
= 2.5 + 11.0 + 4.5 + 2 + 6.75 + 500 वर्ग सेमी
= 31.75 वर्ग सेमी।
(∴AC = MC – MA = 6 – 2 = 4 सेमी
CP = MP – MC = 9 – 6 = 3 सेमी
BD = MD – MB = 7 – 4 = 3 सेमी
DP = MP – MD = 9 – 7 = 2 सेमी)

MP Board Class 8th Maths Solutions

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Solutions Chapter 5 India: Climate

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 5 Text Book Questions

Choose the Correct Answer:

Questions 1.
The time of the south – west moons – in India is –
(a) October to November
(b) june to September
(c) March to May
(d) December to February
Answer:
(b) june to September

Questions 2.
Which state does receive the lowest rainfall due to southwest monsoon?
(a) Rajasthan
(b) Karnataka
(c) Tamilanadu
(d) Punjab
Answer:
(a) Rajasthan

Questions 3.
Coromandal coast in India receives maximum rainfall in –
(a) January – February
(b) June – September
(c) March – May
(d) October – November
Answer:
(d) October – November

Questions 4.
Maximum variation in the amount of rainfall is found in –
(a) Maharashtra
(b) Assam
(c) Andhra Pradesh
(d) Rajastan
Answer:
(d) Rajastan

Match the following:

Answer:
1. (d) Area of very high rainfall.
2. (c) The region which receives rainfall from retreating monsoon.
3. (b) Area of less then 50 cm. rainfall.
4. (a) Hot winds of the summer season in Northern India.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 5 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do yon mean by climate?
Answer:
The average weather conditions, over a long period of time of a’ particular place are known as climate.

Question 2.
Which type of climate region is India called?
Answer:
India called a monsoon type of climate.

Question 3.
What is the meaning of “Monsoon”?
Answer:
Monsoon means the winds bowing on the earths surface’ which change their direction in Summer and Winter season

Question 4.
What are the main branches of Monsoon?
Answer:
There are two main branches of monsoon:

• The Arabian sea branch.
• The Bay of Bengal branch.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 5 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How do the relief features of India affect the climate?
Answer:
The relief features of India influence the temperatures as well as the rainfall. The Himalayas on the northern boundary of the country extending from east to west protect India from cold breeze coming from the North in winter season. They intercept the moisture bearing monsoon winds and help in precipitation.

Question 2.
Why is the climate of northern India uneven?
Answer:
The climate of northern India is of Continental type. Distance from the sea and temperate climate effect its climate. Hence the climate here is uneven.

Question 3.
Why does the Tamilnadu coast receive rainfall in the winter season?
Answer:
Tamilnadu coast receives most of the rainfall by they retreating monsoons. These winds blow in the months of October and November from the land to sea through north – east direction. When they cross over Bay of Bengal they pick up moisture and cause rainfall in Tamilnadu.

Question 4.
Which are the high rainfall areas of India?
Answer:
Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Tamilnadu and West Bengal are the highland rainfall areas of India.

Question 5.
Why is Indian agriculture called a gamble of monsoon?
Answer:
In India agriculture depends on monsoon which is most uncertain. Sometimes it arrives on time and it rains in adequate amount. But sometimes it is late and the amount of rainfall is less. It adversely affects the agriculture. That is why Indian agriculture is said to be a gamble of monsoon.

Question 6.
How does climate affect the health?
Answer:
It has been seen that sultry hot weather is followed by widespread rains which give rise to many diseases. Water is stored in the pots and ponds, which becomes the birthplace of mosquitoes and spread diseases. Thus, climate affects our health too.

Question 7.
How do monsoon winds originate?
Answer:
Monsoon winds are related to weather because they blow from land to sea for six months and from sea to land for next six months. There are several concepts of the origin of monsoon but the thermal concept is important. According to this concept, monsoon winds are in fact land and sea breezes on a large scale.

By differential heating of the land and the sea winds blow from sea to land in the daytime and from land to ,sea in the night. Similarly in summer season winds blow’ from high pressure system on sea to low pressure system on lands. During winters, a complete reversal takes place with high pressure on the land and the low pressure over the sea. At this time winds start blowing from land to sea. This is called monsoon.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 5 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the factors influencing the Indian Climate.
Answer:
The factors influencing Indian climate are:
1. Latitude:
India is situated in the northern hemisphere in the south of Asia continent. Tropic of cancer passes through the center of the country. Due to this specific location, its southern part has tropical climate and northern part has continental type of climate.

2. Distance from the sea:
The effect of the distance from the sea is very clearly seen on the distribution of temperature of India. That is northern plains have continental type of climate.

3. Relief features:
Relief features of the country influence the temperatures as well as the rainfall. The Himalayas on the northern boundary of the country extending from east to west protects India from cold breeze coming from the north in winter season. They intercept the moisture bearing monsoon winds and help in precipitation.

4. Distribution of water and land:
India is a part of Asia continent. During summers the north – western plains of India gets more heated and center of low pressure is established here. This low – pressure area attracts the winds coming from the Indian Ocean. During winters this area becomes more colder and center of high pressure develops here and wind starts blowing from land to sea. These winds influence the climate of India. Rainfall occurs due to the winds coming from the sea.

5. Jet streams blowing in the upper atmosphere:
A westerly jet stream blows above northern India in winter season but in rainy season it moves northwards above Tibetan plateau. Easterly jet stream develops at about 15°N latitude. Nature of these jet streams is responsible for summer monsoon. Shifting of jet streams towards north and south is the cause of uncertainty and irregularity of south-west monsoon in India.

6. Monsoon winds:
In India monsoon winds blow in summer from sea to landmass and in winter season from landmass to sea. This change in monsoon winds changes the weather and seasons in India.

Question 2.
Explain the main characteristics of the monsoon and describe the different seasons.
Answer:
Main characteristics of monsoon –

1. Monsoon winds are seasonal winds. They blow according to season.
2. Seasonal winds blowing in summer season are called summer monsoon and winds blowing in winter season arc called winter monsoon.
3. Due to the peninsular shape of India summer monsoon winds divide into two parts. The Arabian Sea Monsoon and the Bay of Bengal Monsoon.
4. In summer season these winds blow from south – west to north – east and in winters from north – east to south – west in India.
5. These winds are hot and humid in summer season as they blow from sea to land whereas in winters they are cold and dry because they blow from land to sea.
6. Rainfall in India is due to monsoon winds. Maximum amount of rainfall is received from south – west monsoon winds.
7. Time of monsoon and amount of rainfall vary.

Different Seasons Of India:
Four main seasons are:

1. Cold Weather Season
2. Hot Weather Season
3. Advancing Monsoon Season
4. Retreating Monsoon Season

1. Cold Weather Season:
December to February. The cold weather persists from December to February throughout India. January is the coldest month. Temperature varies from 10°C to 25°C. Temperature is between 10°C to 15°C in the northern plains and 25°C in the southern parts of the country. There is high pressure the northern plains due to the cold climatic conditions. The cold dry winds blow from the high pressure towards the low pressure equatorial regions.

These winds are north – westerly in the Ganga Plains and north- easterly over the Bay of Bengal. Culy two parts of the country receive rain in this season. First is the north – west part of India which receives rainfall from the Mediterranean cyclones. Second is tire Coast of Tamilnadu which gets rainfall in winter because of the north – east winds which blow over the Bay of Bengal. But in other parts of the country, the weather is pleasant with clear skies and bright sun – shine.

2. Hot Weather Season:
March to May. During this period there is a rapid shift of the belt of heat from south to north. In March, April and May the highest day temperatures occur in the Deccan Plateau (38°C), Gujarat (43°C) and North-West of India (48°C) respectively.

In May the rising temperature leads to low pressure in a wider area from the Thar Desert to Chhotanagpur. Because of this low pressure the moisture – laden winds from the Arabian Sea are attracted towards this area and consequently there is (about 158 ems) rainfall in the Rajmahal and Chhotanagpur Hills lying between the Satpuras and the Vindhyas.

Kerala and Western Ghats also experience the pre – monsoons showers. Assam and Bengal also receive some rainfall by means of evening thunderstorms. Bid the north – west areas remains dry, and hot winds, called the too, engulf the whole areas. Sometimes dust storms in Punjab, Haryan and U.P. are followed by light rain and cool breeze.

3. Advancing Monsoon season:
This season runs from June to September. During these mouths Me south – west monsoon winds blow northwards in two branches from the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. They make rainfall almost in the whole of northern India.

These winds blow from the oceanic high pressure areas towards the low pressure areas of land and make a heavy rainfall. The Arabian Sea branch causes heavy rainfall exceeding 300 ems along the coastal areas of the Western Ghats but this rainfall decreases as the monsoons go further.

As such Kutch receives less than 40 cm of rainfall. The Bay of Bengal branch causes heavy rainfall in the hills of Assam. Cherrapunji receives more than 1,000 cm of rainfall annually. As the monsoon winds take a turn from east to west because of the Himalayas, the rain goes on decreasing. As such when Kolkata gets, a rainfall of 119 cm Allahabad gets 76 cm due to the uncertainty and uneven distribution of rainfall,, floods and droughts are common during this season.

4. Retreating Monsoon Season:
This seasons is in October and November. In this season the monsoons start to retreat back. Passing over from Bay of Bengal they strike on the coast of Tamilnadu and give sufficient rainfall. This rainfall is not certain and equally distributed.

Question 3.
Show the distribution of rainfall in the Map of India and name the different areas.
Answer:
Areas of Very High Rainfall. Assam, the Ganga Delta, the Western Ghats and the Western Coastal Regions and the north mountainous regions (the Himalayas) receive heavy rainfall of 200 cm and above annually.

Areas of High Rainfall:
Areas which get annual rainfall between 100 cm to 200 cm roughly come under this group. Madhya Pradesh, Onssa, Chhota Nagpur, Western Bengal, Bihar, Eastern U.P., North Eastern Punjab, Eastern parts of Tamilnadu and the eastern slopes of Western Ghats receive moderate rainfall.

Area of Normal Rainfall:
The areas receiving rainfall between 50 cm and 100 cm come under this category. This category consists of Deccan Plateau, Western U.P., South Eastern Punjab, Eastern Rajasthan and parts of Kashmir.

Areas of Low Rainfall:
Western Rajasthan, Kutch, South Eastern parts of Haryana, North-Eastern Kashmir receive annual rainfall of less than 50 cm and hence called areas of scanty rainfall.

Question 4.
Describe the effect of climate on human life.
Answer:
The climate of a country affects its socioeconomic life. The effect of diversities of climatic conditions can be seen in our country also. Monsoon is said to be the center of Indian Economic life.

1. Due to the climates of India agriculture is normally possible throughout the year.
2. Amount of monsoon rainfall is sufficient for agriculture.
3. Different climates create favorable environment for the production of various crops.
4. Maximum rainfall is in the months of June, July and August which is beneficial for early ripening crops like jawar, bazra, and maize.
5. Fodder is also available due to rains which helps in cattle rearing.
6. The country remains dry or there are no rains for long period of the year, during which the grasses dry up resulting in scarcity of fodder. That is why there is no evergreen pastures or grazing land in the country.
7. Sultry hot weather is followed by widespread rains, which give rise to many diseases.
8. The uncertainty of rainfall highly affects the agriculture.
9. Drought and famine are the serious problems of Indian farmers. Heavy rainfall sometimes causes floods.
10. ‘Loo’ in the summer season makes the outdoor life very difficult.
11. Good quality is produced when adequate amount of rain is received in proper time. But if monsoon is late and amount of rainfall is less it adversely affects the agriculture.
12. Climate diversities result in the diversity in the forest resources, animal resources, industries, transport and human life.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 5 Other Important Questions

Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
Tropic of cancer divides India into –
(a) Two zones
(b) Three zones
(c) Four Zones
(d) Seven zone
Answer:
(a) Two zones

Question 2.
Monsoon winds are related to –
(a) Weather
(b) Climate
(c) Season
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(a) Weather

Question 3.
Retreating, monsoon season ranges from –
(a) March to May
(b) June to September
(c) October to November
(d) May to August
Answer:
(c) October to November

Question 4.
The state which receives sufficient rainfall during retreating monsoon is –
(a) Kerala
(b) Tamilnadu
(c) Bihar
(d) Assam
Answer:
(b) Tamilnadu

Question 5.
Which one is not the area of high rainfall?
(a) Western Ghats
(b) Jharkhand
(c) Bihar
(d) Orissa
Answer:
(a) Western Ghats

Match the – following:

Answer:
1. (c) Tropical climate
2. (a) Formed from the Arabic word
3. (d) Meghalaya
4. (b) Mango shower

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 5 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is weather?
Answer:
Weather is the study of the atmospheric conditions like temperature, pressure, wind, humidity and rainfall over a short period of time or at a specific time at a particular place.

Question 2.
What is climate?
Answer:
The average weather conditions over a long period of time of a particular place is known as climate.

Question 3.
Name the type of climate found in India?
Answer:
Monsoon type of climate.

Question 4.
What are the factors responsible for a great diversity of climatic conditions?
Answer:
There are two factors which are responsible for a great diversity of climatic conditions.

• The typical geographical location
• Vast area of India.

Question 5.
Tropic of Cancer divides India into two zones. Name these zones
Answer:

• Tropical zone
• Sub-tropical zone.

Question 6.
Name the three highest rainfall months.
Answer:
June, July and August.

Question 7.
What are ‘Mango Showers’?
Answer:
Towards the end of the summer season, pre – monsoon showers are a common phenomenon in Kerala and the coastal areas of Karnataka. These showers are locally known as ‘Mango Showers’, since they help in early ripening of mangoes.

Question 8.
What is Kalbaishaki?
Answer:
Kalbaishaki in the local nomenclature means Calamity of the month of Baisakh. The north westerly and northerly winds in Bengal and Assam cause very sharp showers. They are essentially evening thunderstorms.

Question 9.
What are ‘Blossom Showers’?
Answer:
Thunderstorms developed in hot weather season cause some rainfall in Kerala. These rains are known as ‘Blossom Showers’ in Kerala because they are beneficial to the coffee plantation of the state.

Question 10.
Which state in India receives bulk of its rainfall from retreating monsoon?
Answer:
Tamilnadu.

Question 11.
Give one most striking characteristic feature of the monsoons?
Answer:
The most striking characteristic feature of the monsoons is the complete reversal of winds.

Question 12.
What is the average annual rainfall of India?
Answer:
It is 105 cm.

Question 13.
Name the areas of very high rainfall?
Answer:
Western Ghats (Kerala, Goa, Coastal Karnataka and Coastal Maharashtra) Assam, Mehgalaya and Eastern Himalayas.

Question 14.
What are jet streams?
Answer:
Jet streams are fast flowing winds blowing in a narrow zone in the upper atmosphere.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 5 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is meant by western disturbances?
Answer:
The shallow cyclonic depressions which originate over the Mediterranean and travel eastwards across Iran and Pakistan. These winds ultimately reaching the north – west part of India cause rainfall and other weather disturbances.

Question 2.
Name the states on the eastern coast which are frequently – struck by tropical cyclones.
Answer:
The states of Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and Tamilnadu are frequently struck by the tropical cyclones.

Question 3.
Name the four seasons of India.
Answer:
On the basis of the monsoon variations the year is divided into four seasons:

• The cold weather season – December to February.
• The hot weather season – March to May.
• The South-west monsoon season – June to September.
• The retreating south – west monsoon season – October to November.

Question 4.
Write a note on retreating monsoons.
Answer:
The months of October and November are known for the retreating monsoons. During this season the pressure in north – west India becomes weaker and shifts southward. In the first week of September they withdraw from Rajasthan. In November it is above Karnataka and Tamilnadu. By mid – December it retires completely from the peninsular plateau. Tamilnadu receives sufficient rainfall during retreating monsoon. But the rest part of India remains dry.

Question 5.
Describe the cold weather season or winter season of India,
Answer:
The Cold Weather Season. Cold weather season lasts from December to February. Temperature varies from 10° to 15°C in Northern plains to 22°C in the southern part of the Peninsula. Due to cold, high pressure is created in the plains. So the winds blow out towards the equatorial low pressure.

These winds are dry and cold. Most parts of India experience fine weather with clear skies and bright sunshine. This season is dry season for India except North – west part of India which receives rainfall from the Mediterranean and the coast of Tamilnadu which gets rainfall from the Bay of Bengal.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 5 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Narrate the mechanism of the monsoons.
Answer:
The word ‘monsoon’ is derived from the Arabic word ‘mausim’ which means season. The formation of season is the chief characteristic feature of this climate. The world ‘monsoon denotes a season in which the wind regime is completely reversed. The direction of wind is reversed periodically. The reversal of direction of the monsoon winds is attributed to the difference in annual temperature on the land and on the sea.

Tire variation in temperature on the land and the sea creates high atmospherics pressure on the sea during summer and on the land during winter season which gives rise to the change in direction of the winds with a change in pressure of tire land. Thus, India which basically falls in the Trade winds zone experiences sudden reversal of winds from Indian Ocean to the land area.

This wind picks up moisture from the sea and enters the country through Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. The Arabian Sea branch of the monsoons – is obstructed by the Western Ghats. The windward side of the Sahyadries receive very heavy rain. These winds then cross over the Western Ghats and cause rainfall in the Deccan Plateau, and Madhya Pradesh.

Thereafter they enter tire Ganga Plains and mingle with the Bay of Bengal branch. An other part of the Arabian Sea passes over the west Rajasthan and along the Aravallis, causing only a scanty rainfall. The Bay of Bengal branch moves towards the north – eastern coast and strikes the Arakan Hill along the Burmese coast.

But a big chunk of these winds is deflected and enters into the Indian sub – continent. This branch also splits into two parts, one part moving towards Ganga Plains and other towards Brahmputra Valley. Thus by July the entire country comes under the influence of monsoons.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Solutions Miscellaneous Questions 1

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Miscellaneous Questions 1 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you understand by History?
Answer:
History is one way of knowing the past.

Question 2.
Name four sources of knowing History?
Answer:
Inscriptions on stone are called Petrograph.

Question 3.
What is a petrography?
Answer:
Petrography is a branch of petrology that focuses on detailed descriptions of rocks. Someone who studies petrography is called a petrographer. The mineral content and the textural relationships within the rock are described in detail.

Question 4.
What is a Bhojpatra?
Answer:
The bark of birch tree on which ancient books were written, is called as Bhojpatra.

Question 5.
What is a record?
Answer:
Records are the old historic information. These are found on dried palm leaves, the bark of the brich tree, plates of copper and hand written papers.

Question 6.
Who is primitive man?
Answer:
The man who lived thousands of years ago, was called primitive man.

Question 7.
How did primitive man protect themselves from wild animals?
Answer:
The primitive man protected themselves from animals by burning the fire at the entrance of the caves.

Question 8.
Why is the age of primitive man called the stone age?
Answer:

1. The man of stone age was having the tools, weapons and pots made of stones.
2. So this age is called as stone age.

Question 9.
In how many parts stone age has been divided? Name them?
Answer:
The stone age have been divided in to three parts:

1. Palaeotithic or the Old stone age.
2. Mesolithic or the Middle Stone Age.
3. Neolithic or the New Stone Age.

Question 10.
How was fire discovered?
Answer:
It is assumed that the discovery of fire was by accident. When two flint stones were struck against each other, it created sparks which caused leaves to burn. In this way man learnt to light a fire. Fire was very useful to them for light, roasting meat and protection from wild animals.

Question 11.
Which animals were used by primitive man?
Answer:
The primitive man used animals for different purposes, the dog for hunting, the cow, the buffalo and the goat for milk,the goat, the sheep and the buffalo for meat.

Question 12.
How did the discovery of wheel proved a boon to human beings?
Answer:
Discovery and uses of wheel. Wheel was a very important discovery of the early man. It led to a big advance in the pattern of man’s living. Its discovery made life very much easy in a number of ways. Man now discovered carts which were drawn by animals. People now could travel easily from one place to other. It also helped in movement of objects. It improved the making of pottery.

Question 13.
How did primitive man travel from one place to another?
Answer:
There were no means of transport. The primitive man used to walk for going from one place to another.

Question 14.
What is the importance of the family to a person?
Answer:
Father, mother, brother and sister together constitute a family. In bigger families grandfather, grandmother, uncles, aunts also live with their children. This type of family is called joint family.

Question 15.
What is the unit of a society?
Answer:
A family is the unit of society.

Question 16.
Write two characteristics of a developed society?
Answer:
The two characteristics of a developed society:

1. The spirit, of working together
2.  Respect for the ideas of other.

Question 17.
What do you understand by interdependence?
Answer:
The dependence on each other to complete a work or fulfill a need is called interdependence.

Question 18.
How many planets are there in the Solar System? Which is called the living planet?
Answer:
1. The Sun and the nine planets which revolve around it make up the ‘Family of the Sun’ or the Solar System.

2. The Solar System consists of the Sun as the centre and Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto as planets. In addition, there are in all 44 satellites in our Solar System.

Question 19.
Explain interdependence between two countries with examples?
Answer:
1. The increase and diversity of the needs became the reason for interdependence. Countries depend on each other for things which are not available or available in very little quantity.

2. For example, our country has to depend on other countries for petroleum products i.e., diesel, petrol and kerosene modern equipments and arms for the army. We get these from countries which produce them.

3. On the other hand, we send spices, tea, cement, ready – made garments to other countries.

Question 20.
Write the name of the head of the solar system?
Answer:
Sun is the head of the solar system.

Question 21.
In how many days does the earth go round the sun once?
Answer:
The earth takes 365 days to rotate round the sun.

Question 22.
Write the names of the nearest and farthest planet from the sun?
Answer:
Mercury and Pluto.

Question 23.
The Moon is the satellite of which planet?
Answer:
Earth.

Question 24.
Which is called the red planet?
Answer:
Mars is called the red planet.

Question 25.
What is a light year?
Answer:
A light – year is a unit of distance. It is the distance that light can travel in one year. Light moves at a velocity of about 300,000 kilometers (km) each second. So in one year, it can travel about 10 trillion km. More precisely, one light – year is equal to 9,500,000,000,000 kilometers.

Question 26.
What are latitudes and longitudes?
Answer:
1. The spherical and horizontal lines drawn parallel to the equator are called latitudes.

2. There are 90 latitudes in the northern hemisphere and 90 latitudes in the southern hemisphere. In all there are 180 latitudes drawn on the globe. The equator is the largest latitude drawn on the globe. The equator is also known as the 0° latitude.

3. The 23\(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\)° W latitude north, in the northern hemisphere is called the tropic of cancer.

4. Similarly the 23\(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\)° latitude south, in the southern hemisphere is called the tropic of capricorn.

5. The Arctic Circle lies at the distances of 66\(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\)° N of the equator.

6. The Antarctic Circle 66\(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\)° S is similar to the Arctic Circle but lies in the southern hemisphere.

7. The vertical lines drawn from north to south are called longitudes.

8. The longitude passes through Greenwich Observatory near London in England is called 0° longitude, Prime Meridian.

9. The other longitudes are drawn east and west of the Prime Meridian.

10. The Prime Meridian divides the world into Eastern (E) and Western (W) hemisphere.

Question 27.
What is a globe?
Answer:
Globe is a three dimensional model of earth or sphere, which gives us the correct idea of the shape of the earth.

Question 28.
What is a map?
Answer:
The following information we can get from a globe:

1. The earth is a bit flat at the poles.
2. The shape of earth is spheroid.
3. The earth is not straight on its axis but a little tilted.
4. The globe shows the location of oceans, islands, continents, main mountains and countries, etc.
5. The characteristics of the horizontal and vertical lines drawn on the globe.

Question 29.
Write the names of the continents and the oceans of the world?
Answer:
List of Continents:

1. North America
2. South America
3. Asia
4. Europe
5. Africa
6. Australia
7. Antractica .

List of Oceans:

1. Pacific Ocean
2. Atlantic Ocean
3. Indian Ocean
4. Arctic Ocean

List of Seas:

1. Arabian sea.

List of Islands:

1. Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Question 30.
Why latitudes and longitudes are drawn on a globe?
Answer:
To locate the exact position of places on earth, latitudes and longitudes lines are drawn on a globe or a map. We can easily locate the geographical position of any village, city, town, country, or any place with the help of these lines.

Question 31.
Which latitude passes through the centre of India?
Answer:
Latitude.

Question 32.
In which Hemispheres India is situated?
Answer:
Northern Hemisphere.

Question 33.
What is the name given to the biggest latitude?
Answer:
Equator.

Question 34.
What is Prime Meridian?
Answer:
Equator:
Equator is an imaginary line which is drawn on the globes (the model of earth) in such a way that at all points it lies exactly half way between the north pole and the south pole.

Prime Meridian:

1. Like the main latitude (0° equator), there is a main longitude. This longitude passes through Greenwich Observatory near Landon in England. This is called 0° longitude, Prime Meridian.
2. The world has been divided by these lines into four hemisphere.

Question 35.
What is the name given to 23\(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\)° South latitude?
Answer:
Tropic of capricorn.

Question 36.
What are the differences between latitude and longitude? Write any three?
Answer:
Latitude:

1. The line drawn horizontally parallel to the equator on the globe is latitude.
2. All the horizontally parallel lines are not in equal size.
3. There are 180 latitude lines.

Longitude:

1. The line drawn horizontally parallel to the equator on the globe is latitude.
2. All the horizontally parallel lines are not in equal size.
3. There are 180 latitude lines.

Question 37.
How many realms of earth are there? Name them.
Answer:
There are three realms of earth. The three realms of the earth are:

1. Land
2. Water
3. Air.

Question 38.
What is the percentage of water on earth?
Answer:
71%.

Question 39.
What is lithosphere?
Answer:
The realm of the earth consisting of rocks, stones and soil is called lithosphere.

Question 40.
What is hydrosphere?
Answer:
Hydrosphere is the realm of water on the earth.

Question 41.
Which gas is found the most in the atmosphere?
Answer:
Nitrogen.

Question 42.
What is the difference between a mountain and a plateau?
Answer:
Mount Everest.

Mountain:

1. Mountain are highly elevated lands with steep slopes. by the rivers.
2. They are higher than the surrounding areas.

Plateau:

1. Plateaus are moderately elevated lands with flat tops.
2. They rise abruptly from the surrounding areas.

Question 43.
What is an island?
Answer:
The small parts of land surrounded by water are called islands.

Answer the following Questions:

Question 1.
What do you understand by History? What are the different sources of knowing History?
Answer:
The different ways of knowing History are through:

1. Oral information
2. Written information
3. Evidences.

1. Oral information:
The old proverbs, stories and ancedotes come under oral in formations.

2. Written information:
These are the writings which can be read.

3. Evidences:
These are the things which were used by the people at that time.

Question 2.
How did the primitive man start agriculture and animal husbandry? Explain in detail.
Answer:
In India cultivation started 5,000 to 6,000 years ago, growing plants and grain was an important discovery. Now, man had learnt that by putting seeds into the soil and watering the soil, plants would grow. This was the beginning of agriculture. He could grow his own food. So, he started living at one place and settled him as an agriculturist. Along with cultivation man also learnt animal husbandary. He began rearing a number of useful animals. He used them for different tasks:

1. Use of dogs in hunting.
2. Use of bullocks in farming.
3. Cows, goats and buffaloes for milk.
4. Sheep, bulls and goats for meat.
5. Horses for riding.

Question 3.
What is a society and what type of evils can be controlled by the society?
Answer:
A society is a network of social relations. In fact, a society is formed by the relationship among many families. Man is a social animal, so man lives in a family and society. Many problems come in the life of a man, like selection of a partner for marriage and bringing up children and educating them. The members of the family and their family friends help to resolve these problems. A society can control many social evils like child – marriage, large families not giving elementary education to children.

Question 4.
Explain the interdependence of villages and cities and give examples of things produced by the village and the things produced by the cities?
Answer:
The items like wheat, gram, kolikeheda, cotton, milk etc. are brought to village or town from villages. The items like diesel, petrol, kerosene, clothes, medicine, sugar, radio, T.V, bicycle, fruits are brought to village or town from towns.

Question 5.
What is the interdependence and how does it affect civic life?
Answer:
The citizen’s life is dependent on mutual help. In the family, school and neighbourhood, there is a need of mutual help. In your school you must have some rules which are essential for every teacher and student to follow. The work, we do as a rule, is called duty. The life of citizens depend on mutual help and performance of duty.

Question 6.
What is the Solar System? Why is the earth called a unique planet?
Answer:
The Sun and the nine planets which revolve around it make up the family of the Sun or the Solar System. In addition to the nine planets, there are 44 satellites in the Solar System.

The earth is a small member of the Solar System. It is the fifth in size of the nine major planets and the third in distance. But it occupies a very unique position in the Solar System, for the following reasons:

1. Around the Earth is a gaseous envelope known as the atmosphere. It saves us from the extreme heat of the Sun.
2. The Earth has land, water and air unlike the other planets which makes life possible. All this had made the Earth a sweet home for us.

Question 7.
Explain the solar system with a diagram?
Answer:
The Sun and the nine planets which revolve around it make up the family of the Sun or the Solar System. In addition to the nine planets, there are 44 satellites in the Solar System.

Question 8.
What is a globe? What information can we get from a globe?
Answer:
Globe is a three dimensional model of earth or sphere, which gives us the correct idea of the shape of the earth.

The following information we can get from a globe:

1. The earth is a bit flat at the poles.
2. The shape of earth is spheroid.
3. The earth is not straight on its axis but a little tilted.
4. The globe shows the location of oceans, islands, continents, main mountains and countries, etc.
5. The characteristics of the horizontal and vertical lines drawn on the globe.

Question 9.
What should one know to read a map?
Answer:

1. A map can be read and understand as a book is read and information is gathered from it.
2. A map can be made and read on four basic points.

These are :

1. Symbol
2. Direction
3. Headings
4. Scale

1. Symbol:
It is the third important component of any map. When an area or locality is shown on a map, it is not possible to show various features, e.g., roads, building, trees, railway lines in their actual shape and size. To overcome this difficulty, the features are shown by different symbols.

The use of symbols saves space and a lot of information can be given in a single map. Various colours in maps are chosen for the same purpose. All over the world there has been some kind of agreement regarding the use of symbols and colours. The symbols used all over the world in various maps are called conventional symbols.

2. Direction:
It is another very important component of any map. A map has four directions i.e., north, south, east and west. While knowing any one direction on map we fan find all the remaining directions.

3. Headings:
Heading is the one of the component of read a map. “Structure” to their code that identifies main headings and subheadings. Headings Map creates a visual heading structure of the webpage by generating an index or ‘map’ of the headings created by the author.

4. Scale:
When human being did not have the knowledge of scripts, they expressed themselves through pictures and figures drawn on rocks. These pictures are called rock paintings. The rock paintings at Bhimbetka near Bhopal is a living example of ancient rock painting. The most of the rock paintings in India have been found in the Vindhyachal and Satpura ranges in Madhya Pradesh.

Question 10.
What are latitudes and longitudes? Why they have been drawn on the globe?
Answer:
To locate the exact position of places on earth, latitudes and longitudes lines are drawn on a globe or a map. We can easily locate the geographical position of any village, city, town, country, or any place with the help of these lines.

The spherical and horizontal lines drawn parallel to the equator are called latitudes. There are 90 latitudes in the northern hemisphere and 90 latitudes in the southern hemisphere. In all there are 180 latitudes drawn on the globe. The equator is the largest latitude drawn on the globe. The equator is also known as the 0° latitude.

The 23\(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\)° W latitude north, in the northern hemisphere is called the tropic of cancer. Similarly the 23\(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) ° latitude south, in the southern hemisphere is called the tropic of capricorn. The Arctic Circle lies at the distances of 66\(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\)° N of the equator. The Antarctic Circle 66\(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\)° S is similar to the Arctic Circle but lies in the southern hemisphere.

The vertical lines drawn from north to south are called longitudes. The longitude passes through Greenwich Observatory near London in England is called 0° longitude, Prime Meridian. The other longitudes are drawn east and west of the Prime Meridian. The Prime Meridian divides the world into Eastern (E) and Western (W) hemisphere.

Question 11.
How many realms are there on the earth? Write their names and describe the different forms of the lithosphere?
Answer:
There are three realms of earth. The three realms of the earth are:

1. Land
2. Water
3. Air.

The realm of the earth consisting of rocks, stones and soil is called lithosphere.

Fill in the blanks:

1. The picture drawn on rocks are called ……………….
2. The words engraved on stone are called …………….
3. Our civic life depends on and …………….
4. The planets and the satellites are illuminated by …………………..
5. The only satellite of our earth is ………………..
6. The small and temporary planets made by humans are called ……………….
7. The large area of water stretched on earth is called ……………
8. The shape of the earth is ………………
9.  …………… colour is seen the most on a globe.
10. The uppermost point on the globe is called …………… pole and the Southern most point is called the ……………….
11. Longitude are ………………. lines.
12. The world is ……………….. on its axis.
13. Land is on …………… percent part of the earth.
14. The piece of land surrounded by water on all sides is called ………………..
15. The gas over the earth is called …………………

Answer:

1. rock paintings
2. inscriptions
3. mutual help, performance of duty
4. sun
5. moon
6. artificial setellites
7. oceans
8. bit flattened at the poles
9. Blue
10. north, south
11. vertical
12. rotate
13.  29
14. island
15. air

Choose the correct alternative:

Question (a)
What among the following is a source of knowing History?
(i) water
(ii) tree
(iii) earthen utensils
(iv) pen
Answer:
(iii) earthen utensils

Question (b)
How did the primitive man get their food?
(i) By agriculture
(ii) by collecting tubers and fruits
(iii) from the sea
(iv) none of these
Answer:
(ii) by collecting tubers and fruits

Question (c)
What among these is a not the characteristic of the society?
(i) Food habits
(ii) blood relation
(iii) life style
(iv) customs
Answer:
(iv) customs

Question (d)
What among the following is not our basic need?
(i) Food
(ii) clothes
(iii) electricity
(iv) shelter
Answer:
(iii) electricity

Question (e)
Which among the following is a star?
(i) the Sun
(ii) the Moon
(iii) the Earth
(iv) the Mars
Answer:
(i) the Sun

Question (f)
The infinite space in which all the galaxies and energy are stretched is called:
(i) the Solar System
(ii) The Sun
(iii) the universe
(iv) Akashganga
Answer:
(iii) the universe

Question (g)
Which among the following is called a living planet?
(i) the moon
(ii) the earth
(iii) the Mercury
(iv) the Mars
Answer:
(ii) the earth

Question (h)
Which among the following is called the red planet?
(i) the Earth
(ii) the Mars
(iii) the Jupiter
(iv) the Mercury
Answer:
(ii) the Mars

Question (i)
Which among the following is the life saving gas?
(i) Oxygen
(ii) Nitrogen
(iii) Helium
(iv) Ozone
Answer:
(i) Oxygen

Question (j)
The night when the total moon is seen is called?
(i) Dark day
(ii) New moon
(iii) Full moon
(iv) the eleventh day
Answer:
(iii) Full moon

Question (k)
The nearest celestial body to earth is?
(i) the Sun
(ii) the Mercury
(iii) the Moon
(iv) the Venus
Answer:
(ii) the Mercury

Question (l)
The model of the earth is called?
(i) map
(ii) measurer
(iii) globe
(iv) moon.
Answer:
(iii) globe

Question (m)
The number of continents on earth are?
(i) 4
(ii) 5
(iii) 6
(iv) 7
Answer:
(iv) 7

Question (n)
The latitudes are:
(i) semi circles
(ii) of equal length
(iii) spherical
(iv) vertical lines.
Answer:
(iii) spherical

Pick the odd one out:

Question (a)
(i) Palaeolithic
(ii) black stone age
(iii) Mesolithic
(iv) Neolithic
Answer:
(i) Palaeolithic

Question (b)
(i) cow
(ii) buffalo
(iii) tiger
(iv) goat
Answer:
(iii) tiger

Question (c)
(i) rock-painting
(ii) documentary
(iii) cave painting
(iv) mural
Answer:
(ii) documentary

Question (d)
(i) family
(ii) community
(iii) marriage
(iv) society
Answer:
(iii) marriage

Question (e)
(i) petrol
(ii) clothes
(iii) diesel
(iv) kerosene.
Answer:
(ii) clothes

Question (f)
(i) crops
(ii) foodgrains
(iii) food
(iv) produce
Answer:
(iv) produce

Question (g)
(i) the Mercury
(ii) the Venus
(iii) the Mars
(iv) the Moon
Answer:
(iv) the Moon

Question (h)
(i) Aryabhatta
(ii) Rohini
(iii) Moon
(iv) Bhaskar
Answer:
(iii) Moon

Question (i)
(i) Asia
(ii) Africa
(iii) Pacific
(iv) America
Answer:
(iii) Pacific

Question (j)
(i) Tropic of Cancer
(ii) Equator
(iii) Lapic of Capricorn
(iv) Greenwich Meridian.
Answer:
(iv) Greenwich Meridian.

Question (k)
(i) Lithosphere
(ii) Biosphere
(iii) Atmosphere
(iv) Solar family
Answer:
(iv) Solar family

Question (l)
(i) mountain
(ii) sea
(iii) plateau
(iv) plains
Answer:
(ii) sea

Question (m)
(i) nitrogen
(ii) oxygen
(iii) vapours
(iv) carbondioxide.
Answer:
(iii) vapours

Match the following:

1. The mixture of gases – family
2. The vertical lines – the earth
3. The horizontal lines – Petrograph
4. Spheroid – stone age
5. The model of the earth – globe
6. The largest planet – the Jupiter
7. The interdependence as per need – interdependence
8. The unit of the society – family
9. The era of stone – stone age
10. The information engraved On stone – Interdependence

Answer:

1. The mixture of gases – atmosphere
2. The vertical lines – longitudes
3. The horizontal lines – latitudes
4. spheroid – the earth
5. The model of the earth – globe
6. The largest planet – the Jupiter
7. The interdependence as per need interdependence
8. The unit of the society – family
9. The era of stone – stone age
10. The information engraved On stone – Petrograph

Project work:

Question 1.
Move around your village/school and talk to people to gather history of your village?
Answer:
Do with the help of your teacher.

Question 2.
Collect information about the postal, telegraph/rail department and find our dependence on these departments?
Answer:
Do with the help of your teacher.

Question 3.
Make a big labelled diagram of the solar system?
Answer:
The Sun and the nine planets which revolve around it make up the family of the Sun or the Solar System. In addition to the nine planets, there are 44 satellites in the Solar System.

Show the following on the world map.

1. The Equator
2. Asia
3. The Indian Ocean Meridian
4. Greeenwich
5. The Pacific Ocean
6. The Himalaya
7. The Plateau of Pamir
8. The Decean Plateau
9. The plains of Ganga – yamuna
10. India.

Answer:
Do Yourself.

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 6th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 आधारभूत ज्यामितीय अवधारणाएँ Ex 4.6

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 91

प्रश्न 1.
संलग्न आकृति देखकर लिखिए :
(a) वृत्त का केन्द्र
(b) तीन त्रिज्याएँ
(c) एक व्यास
(d) एक जीवा
(e) अभ्यन्तर में दो बिन्दु
(f) बहिर्भाग में एक बिन्दु
(g) एक त्रिज्यखण्ड
(h) एक वृत्तखण्ड

हल :
(a) वृत्त का केन्द्र- O
(b) तीन त्रिज्याएँ- \(\overline{O A}, \overline{O B}\) और \(\overline{O C}\)
(c) एक व्यास- \(\overline{A C}\)
(d) एक जीवा- \(\overline{E D}\)
(e) अभ्यन्तर में दो बिन्दु- O और P
(f) बहिर्भाग में एक बिन्दु- Q
(g) एक त्रिज्यखण्ड- OAB (छायांकित भाग)
(h) एक वृत्तखण्ड-रेखाखण्ड ED (छायांकित भाग)

प्रश्न 2.
(a) क्या वृत्त का प्रत्येक व्यास उसकी एक जीवा भी होता है ?
(b) क्या वृत्त की प्रत्येक जीवा उसका एक व्यास भी होती है ?
हल :
(a) हाँ, वृत्त का प्रत्येक व्यास उसकी सबसे बड़ी जीवा होती है। .
(b) नहीं, वृत्त की प्रत्येक जीवा हमेशा उसका व्यास नहीं होती है।

प्रश्न 3.
कोई वृत्त खींचिए और निम्न को अंकित कीजिए:
(a) उसका केन्द्र
(b) एक त्रिज्या
(c) एक व्यास
(d) एक त्रिज्यखण्ड
(e) एक वृत्तखण्ड
(f) उसके अभ्यन्तर में एक बिन्दु
(g) उसके बहिर्भाग में एक बिन्दु
(h) एक चाप
हल :
(a) वृत्त का केन्द्र- O,
(b) त्रिज्या- \(\overline{O C}\)
(c) व्यास- \(\overline{A B}\),
(d) त्रिज्यखण्ड- OAD

(e) वृत्तखण्ड- JKL,
(f) अभ्यन्तर में एक बिन्दु- P
(g) बहिर्भाग में एक बिन्दु- Q,
(h) एक चाप- MN

प्रश्न 4.
सत्य या असत्य बताइए :
(a) वृत्त के दो व्यास अवश्य ही प्रतिच्छेद करेंगे।
(b) वृत्त का केन्द्र सदैव उसके अभ्यन्तर में स्थित होता है।
हल :
(a) सत्य,
(b) सत्य।

MP Board Class 6th Maths Solutions

MP Board Class 6th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 आधारभूत ज्यामितीय अवधारणाएँ Ex 4.5

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 89

प्रश्न 1.
चतुर्भुज PQRS का एक रफ चित्र खींचिए। इसके विकर्ण खींचिए। क्या विकर्णों का प्रतिच्छेद बिन्दु चतुर्भुज के अभ्यन्तर में स्थित है या बहिर्भाग में स्थित है ?
हल :
(a) PQRS एक चतुर्भुज है।

(b) इसके विकर्ण \(\overline{P R}\) और \(\overline{Q S}\) हैं। इनका प्रतिच्छेद बिन्दु O चतुर्भज PQRS के अभ्यन्तर में स्थित है।

प्रश्न 2.
चतुर्भुज KLMN का एक रफ चित्र खींचिए। बताइए:
(a) सम्मुख भुजाओं के दो युग्म
(b) सम्मुख कोणों के दो युग्म
(c) आसन्न भुजाओं के दो युग्म
(d) आसन्न कोणों के दो युग्म
हल:

(a) सम्मुख भुजाओं के दो युग्म- \(\overline{K L}, \overline{N M}\) और \(\overline{K N}, \overline{M L}\)
(b) सम्मुख कोणों के दो युग्म- ∠K, ∠M और ∠N, ∠L
(c) आसन्न भुजाओं के दो युग्म- \(\overline{K L}, \overline{K N}\) और \(\overline{N M}, \overline{M L}\) अथवा \(\overline{K L}, \overline{L M}\) और \(\overline{N M}, \overline{N K}\)
(d) आसन्न कोणों के दो युग्म- ∠K, ∠L और ∠M, ∠N अथवा ∠K, ∠N और ∠L, ∠M आदि।

प्रश्न 3.
खोज कीजिए :
पट्टियाँ और इन्हें बाँधने की वस्तुएँ लेकर एक त्रिभुज बनाइए और एक चतुर्भुज बनाइए। त्रिभुज के किसी एक शीर्ष पर पट्टियों को अन्दर की ओर दबाने का प्रयत्न कीजिए। यही कार्य चतुर्भुज के लिए भी कीजिए। क्या त्रिभुज में कोई परिवर्तन आया ? क्या चतुर्भुज में कोई परिवर्तन हुआ? क्या त्रिभुज एक दृढ़ (rigid) आकृति है ? क्या कारण है कि विद्युत् टॉवरों (Electric Towers) जैसी संरचनाओं में त्रिभुजीय आकारों का प्रयोग किया जाता है; चतुर्भुजीय आकारों का नहीं ?
हल :

1. त्रिभुज के किसी एक शीर्ष पर पट्टियों को अन्दर की ओर दबाने से त्रिभुज में कोई परिवर्तन नहीं हुआ जबकि चतुर्भुज के साथ ऐसा करने से उसमें परिवर्तन हुआ है।
2. त्रिभुज एक दृढ़ आकृति है।
3. विद्युत् टॉवरों जैसी संरचनाओं में त्रिभुजीय आकारों का प्रयोग इसलिए करते हैं, क्योंकि त्रिभुज का आकार अधिक दृढ़ होता है।

MP Board Class 6th Maths Solutions

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Solutions Chapter 4 India: Drainage System

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 4 Text Book Questions

Choose the Correct Answer:

Question 1.
River in its last stage form –
(a) Waterfall
(b) Flood plains
(c) Delta or Estuary
(d) Ox-Bow lake
Answer:
(d) Ox-Bow lake

Question 2.
Which of the following is not the characteristics of the rivers of Northern India?
(a) Less number of Waterfalls
(b) Used for transportation
(c) Meanders are not formed
(d) Receives water from snow and rainfall.
Answer:
(c) Meanders are not formed

Question 3.
Which of the following separates India and Sri Lanka?
(a) Gulf of Cambay
(b) Rann of Kutch
(c) Bay of Bengal
(d) Gulf of Mannar
Answer:
(a) Gulf of Cambay

Question 4.
Which of the following river is known as Dakshin Ganga?
(a) The Narmada
(b) The Krishna
(c) The Kaveri
(d) The Godavari
Answer:
(d) The Godavari

Question 5.
Which states are drained by river Krishna?
(a) Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh
(b) Maharashtra, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh
(c) Maharashtra, Kerala, Tamil Nadu
(d) Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisagarh, Orissa
Answer:
(a) Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh

Fill in the blank:

1. The state of five rives is known as ……………..
2. The river Ganga rises from ………………. glacier.
3. The Narmada rises from the …………….. pleatue in Madhya Pradesh.
4. Hirakund Dam is built on the river ………………
5. Nagarjun Sagar Dam is built on the river ……………….

Answer:

1. Punjab
2. Gangotri
3. Amarkantak
4. The Mahanadi
5. The Krishna

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 4 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by Drainage System?
Answer:
Drainage System means the river system of a particular area.

Question 2.
What do you mean by river capturing?
Answer:
When one river captures the water of the other river it is called river capturing.

Question 3.
Name four tributaries of river Ganga.
Answer:
Yamuna, Ghaghra, Gandak and Kosi.

Question 4.
Name five tributaries of river Indus.
Answer:
Jhelum, Chinab, Ravi, Beas and Satluj.

Question 5.
What are the different names of river Brahmaputra in Bangladesh?
Answer:
Padma and Meghana are the different names of river Brahmaputra in Bangladesh.

Question 6.
Name five major lakes of India.
Answer:
Wular lake, Chilka lake, Koleru lake, Pullicat lake, Lonar lake.

Question 7.
Name two rivers which drain in Arabian sea.
Answer:
The Narmada and the Tapi.

Question 8.
Which place is known as the region of five rivers?
Answer:
Punjab is known as the region of five rivers.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 4 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the Indus river system.
Answer:
Indus river system comprises the Indus and its tributaries. The length of the Indus river is about 2900 km. It rises in Tibet near Mansarovar and flows towards west forming a beautiful 500 meters deep gorge in the Laddakh district of Jammu and Kashmir. From here it flows towards Southwest, enters Pakistan and finally joins the Arabian Sea. The five tributaries of Indus are Jhelum, Chmab, Ravi, Beas and Satluj. This region of five rivers is known as Punjab.

Question 2.
Describe the characteristics of the rivers of Northern India.
Answer:
The characteristics of the rivers of Northern India are:

• The rivers of Northern India have their origin in Himalayas and the Northern slopes of Peninsular India.
• Waterfalls are less.
• They are navigable.
• These rivers form deep, valleys.
• These rivers form meanders River courses often shift.
• Receive water from ice and snow.

Question 3.
How do rivers affect the economy? Explain.
Answer:
Rivers play an important role in the economy of our country. Alluvial plains formed by rivers are used for agriculture. Rivers provide fresh drinking water. In the ancient times villages and cities were located on the bank of the rivers. Religious and cultural Centers are located on the banks. Dams are built for hydro – electricity and irrigation.

Question 4.
Explain the location of adjoining seas of India?
Answer:
Indian Peninsula is surrounded by seas from three sides. In its south lies the Indian Ocean, Arabian sea in the west and Bay of Bengal in the east. Andaman Sea is in the east of Andaman Nicobar Islands. Gulf of Mannar separates India and Sri Lanka. Gulf of Cam-bay and Rann of Kutch are located in the coastal part of Gujarat.

Question 5.
What is river pollution? How could river pollution be prevented?
Answer:
Effluents from industries and sewage from houses are discharged in the rivers. Dead animals are thrown in the rivers. All this pollute the rivers. Spread of Water Hyacinth also pollute the rivers. To overcome the river pollution, it is essential to stop discharging industrial effluents in the rivers. Water of sewage line should be purified. Rivers should be cleaned time – to – time. Public awareness regarding this problem is much more important.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 4 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the drainage system of Northern India.
Answer:
The rivers of Northern India receive water from rainfall as well as melting of snow from ice-capped mountains. As these rivers flow through high mountains they form deep valleys, gorges and waterfalls. In their nature stage deposition in the plains take place. They form meanders, ox-bow lake and flood plains in their middle and lower course. Three large rivers originate from Himalayas:

1. The Indus River System:
This system comprises the Indus and its tributaires. The length of the Indus river is about 2900 km. It rises in Tribet near Mansarovar and flows towards west forming a beautiful 500 meters deep gorge in the Laddakh district of Jammu and Kashmir. From here it flows towards southwest, enters Pakistan and finally joins the Arabian sea. The five tributaries of Indus are Jhelum, Chin’ab, Ravi, Beas and Satluj. This region of five rivers is known as Punjab.

2. The Gangas River System:
The length of river Ganga is more than 2500 km. Its source is near Gangotri. The Ganga enters the plains near Haridwar. Its main tributaries are Yamuna, Ghaghra, Gandak and Kosi. These rivers form a fertile flood plain. They form meanders and ox-bow lakes. Near Ambala a water divide separates the Ganga and the Indus drainage system.

The Ganga receives some of its tributaries like Chambal, Ken, Betwa, Son and Damodar from the peninsular pleteau. Big dams have been built on these rivers which are used for hydro – electricity and irrigation. Flowing southward it forms a delta and finally joins Bay of Bengal. The main stream of the Ganges enters Bangladesh and when it joins Brahmaputra river it is called Meghana.

3. The Brahmaputra River System:
It rises near the Mansarovar iake and the Kailash mountains. It flows parallel to Himalayas and enters Arunachal Pradesh. In India it flows for 1400 km. Its tributaries include Dibang, Luhit, Dhansiri, Kalang etc. River courses often shift during floods. River islands are also formed. It is known as Tsangpo in Tibet, Brahmaputra in India and Padma and Meghana in Bangladesh. It forms a large delta and finally drains into Bay of Bengal.

Question 2.
Compare the rivers of Northern and Southern India.
Answer:
Rivers of Northern India:

• The rivers of Northern India have their origin in Himalayas and the Northern slopes of Peninsular India.
• Waterfalls are less.
• They are navigable.
• These rivers form deep valleys.
• These rivers form meanders.
• Receive water from melting ice and snow.

Rivers of Southern India:

• The rivers of Southern India have their origin in Western Ghats, Satpura and Peninsular Plateau.
• Waterfalls are more.
• They are not navigable.
• They flow in broad valleys.
• These rivers do not form meanders.
• Flow of water depends only on monsoon rainfall.

Question 3.
What is the importance of rivers in the economy? Explain.
Answer:
Rivers play an important role in the economy of our country. They are the lifeline of a country’s existence. Right from the beginning of the human civilization we have seen that people began to live on the bank of rivers. All the civilizations flourished there. The primary cause for this was that it had been the most convenient and cheapest means of transport. So, the trade and commerce flourished on the bailk of rivers. Most of the industrial towns have been settled along the river banks.

Dams and canals built on the rivers help us in our agriculture, which is the backbone of a country. We produce hydro -electricity from river water. Thus we see that rivers play a significant role in the economy of a country. Hence they must be protected from being polluted at all cost.

Questions related to Skill Development

Show the following in the outline map of India

1. Nilgiri Mountains
2. Narmada River
3. Sardar Sarovar Dam
4. Krishna River
5. Hirakud Dam

Or

1. Himalayan Mountain
2. Satpura Ranges
3. The Ganga Drainage System
4. Chambal River
5. Gandhi Sagar Dam

Project Work:
1. Students will prepare a model of river originating from Himalayas.
2. Prepare a model or chart of dams / canals or different projects made by man on the rivers and give a classroom presentation.
Answer:
Attempt yourself.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 4 other important questions

Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
The Ganga enters the plains near –
(a) Prayag
(b) Haridwar
(c) Rameshwaram
(d) Kurushetra
Answer:
(b) Haridwar

Question 2.
The two large westward flowing rivers are –
(a) Narmada and Ganga
(b) Tapi and Brahmaputra
(c) Narmada and Tapi
(d) Krishna and Indu.
Answer:
(c) Narmada and Tapi

Question 3.
Hirakund dam has been built on the river –
(a) Mahanadi
(b) Ganga
(c) Brahamputra
(d) Narmada.
Answer:
(a) Mahanadi

Question 4.
Sambhar Lake is in –
(a) Rajasthan
(b) Gujarat
(c) Maharashtra
(d) Utter Pradesh.
Answer:
(a) Rajasthan

Question 5.
Indian Peninsula is surrounded by seas from –
(a) Four sides
(b) Three sides
(c) Two sides
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(b) Three sides

Fill in the blank:

1.  ……………… Lake is situated in Orissa a state.
2. Four tributaries of river Ganga are Yamuna, Ghagra …………… and ……………..
3. Narmada river originates from ………………… state.
4. River of Northern India are less …………………….
5. Sambhar Lake is in ………………..

Answer:

1. Chilka
2. Gandak, Kosi
3. Madhya Pradesh
4. Waterfalls
5. Rajasthan.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 4 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which two factors form the drainage system?
Answer:
Amount of rainfall and topography form the drainage system.

Question 2.
What do you know about water divide?
Answer:
When we observe the river map of India we find that any highland like mountains separates two neighboring drainage basins. This highland is known as water divide.

Question 3.
In which two categories are the Indian rivers divided?
Answer:
The Indian rivers are divided in the following two categories:

• Rivers of Himalayas
• Rivers of Peninsula India

Question 4.
What is the main feature of the Himalayan rivers.
Answer:
The Himalayan rivers receive water throughout the year.

Question 5.
What is the length of the Indus river?
Answer:
The length of the Indus river is about 2900 km.

Question 6.
Where does the Brahmaputra river system rise?
Answer:
The Brahmaputra river system rises near the Mansarovar Lake and the Kailash mountains.

Question 7.
Name the rivers of Peninsular India?
Answer:
Mahanadi, Godawari, Krishna and Kaveri.

Question 8.
Where does the Narmada river drain?
Answer:
The Narmada river drains in Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat.

Question 9.
Which is the largest river systems of the Peninsular India?
Answer:
The Godavari is the largest river system of the Peninsular India.

Question 10.
Name four tributaries of the Godavari?
Answer:
Wardha, Manjra, Venganga and Penganga.

Question 11.
Why are lakes important?
Answer:
Lakes are important for tourism, fish farming / formation of salt etc.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 4 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the Ganga Drainage System.
Answer:
The length of river Ganga in more than 2500 km. Its source is near Gangotri. The Ganga enters the plains near Haridwar. Its main tributaries are Yamuna, Ghaghara, Gandak and Kosi. These rivers form a fertile flood plain. They form meanders and ox-bow lakes. A water divide separates the Ganga and the Indus drainage system near Ambala.

The Ganga receives some of its tributatries like Chambal, Ken, Betwa, Son and Damodar from the Peninsular Plateau. Big dams have been built on these rivers which are used for hydro – electricity and irrigation. Flowing southward it forms a delta and finally join Bay of Bengal.

Question 2.
What are the main features of the rivers of Peninsular India?
Answer:
The main features of the rivers of Peninsular India are:

• They are seasonal.
• They flow frown a dry area.
• They do not form the plains.
• Rivers of Peninsular India like Mahanadi, Godawari, Krishna and Kavari flow eastward and drain into Bay of Bengal. They form Delta.
• The rivers flowing into the west of Western Ghats are small.
• Narmada and Tapi, the two large westward flowing rivers, flow in a rift valley and forming a tidal mouth it joins Arabian Sea.

Question 3.
What are the main features of the rivers of Southern India?
Answer:
The main features of the rivers of Southern India are:

• The rivers of Southern India have their origin in Western Ghats, Satpura and Peninsular Plateau.
• Waterfalls are, more.
• Not navigable.
• They flow in broad valleys
• Meanders are not formed.
• Flow of water depends only on Monsoon rainfall.

Question 4.
Describe the important lakes of India.
Answer:
Wular lake is the glacial lake of Kashmir. There are few lakes in South India. They are the Lonar in Buldhana district of Maharashtra, the Ghilka in Orissa, the Koleru in Andhra Pradesh ahd the Pullicat in Tamil Nadu. Lakes formed due to glacial erosion in Uttrakhand are Nainital, Bhimtal and Rakshastal etc. Sambhar lake of Rajasthan is famous as salt-water lake.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 4 Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Describe the rivers of Peninsular India.
Answer:
The rivers of Peninsular India are:

• The Narmada,
• The Tapi
• The Godavari,
• The Mahanadi
• The Krishna
• The Kaveri.

1. The Narmada:
It rises from Amarkantak Plateau in Madhya Pradesh flowing 1312 km. through a rift valley and finally drains in the Arabian Sea. It drains Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat. It forms Dhuandhar fall in the marble rocks of Bheraghat near Jabalpur. Its tributaries are very small.

2. The Tapi:
It rises near Multai in Betul district in Satpura range of Madhya Pradesh. It is 724 km. long. It flows in Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Gujarat and finally reaches Gulf of Cambay.

3. The Godavari:
It rises from Western Ghat near Nasik and flows for 1500 km in Orissa and Andhra Pradesh and drains in Bay of Bengal. Wardha, Manjra, Venganga and Penganga are its tributaries. It is the largest river system in the Peninusular India.

4. The Mahanadi:
It rises in Sihawa, a highland of Chhattisgarh. It is 858 km. long. Its drainage basin lies in Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Orissa, Hirakud Dam is build on this river.

5. The Krishna:
It rises in Maharashtra near Mahabaleshwar. It is 1400 km. long. It flows in Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. Its Major tributaries are Koyna, Panchganga, Malprabha, Ghatphrabha, Bhima, Musi and Tungbhadra. Almati and Nagarjun Sagar Dam are built on this river.

6. The Kaveri:
It rises in the Brahmagiri hills in Co-org district. It is 60 km. long. Its tributaries are Hemavati, Amaravati and Bhavani.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Solutions Chapter 3 India: Location and Physical Divisions

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 3 Text Book Questions

Choose the Correct – Answer:

Question 1.
Standard time of India is calculated from –
(a) 72° E. longitude
(b) 80°30′ W. longitude
(c) 82°30′ E. longitude
(d) 8.5° E. longitude.
Answer:
(c) 82°30′ E. longitude

Question 2.
Tropic of cancer does not pass through which state of India?
(a) Gujarat
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Chhattisgarh
(d) Orissa.
Answer:
(b) Maharashtra

Question 3.
Largest Union Territory of India is –
(a) Andaman Nicobar Islands
(b) Dadra and Nagar Haveli
(c) Lakshadweep
(d) Pondicherry.
Answer:
(a) Andaman Nicobar Islands

Question 4.
Indian Peninsular Plateau is made of which type of rocks?
(a) Metamorphic
(b) Sedimentary
(c) Oldest rock
(d) Granite.
Answer:
(c) Oldest rock

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 3 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the different names of India?
Answer:
The different names of India are Aryavarta, Hindustan and Bharat.,

Question 2.
What is the area of India?
Answer:
The area of India is 3’2,87,263 km².

Question 3.
How many States and Union territories are there in India?
Answer:
India is a union of 28 states and 7 union territories.

Question 4.
Name two neighboring island countries of India.
Answer:
Srilanka and Maldives.

Question 5.
Name any two lakes situated on the East Coast of India.
Answer:
Chilka and Pullical Lakes.

Question 6.
Which islands of India are formed by Corals?
Answer:
Laksha dweep islands of India are formed by corals.

Question 7.
Name two important peaks of the Himalayan range.
Answer:
Mt. Everest and Kanchanjunga.

Question 8.
What is the West-East extent of India? .
Answer:
West – East extent of India is from 68°7′ West to 97°25′ East.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 3 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the importance of the geographical location of India?
Answer:
The geographical location of India gives it a marked advantage for international trade.

Question 2.
Describe the northern Plain of India.
Answer:
The Great Northern Plain extends from the Punjab Plain in the west to the Brahmaputra Valley in the east. This plain lies to the south of the Himalayas. This plain possesses the alluvial deposits of the Ganga, the Indus and the Satluj etc. These rivers are perennial ones and flow down from the Himalayas. The average elevation of this plain is less than 300 meters above sea-level. The Ganga forms the largest part of it.

This region has rich alluvial soil and abundant water-supply so the means of livelihood are easily available here, and the density of population is the highest. The Punjab Plain forms the other part of the Great Northern Plain. The Brahmaputra Valley in Assam forms’ the eastern part of the Great Northern Plain. It is narrower than the Ganga Plain. It is frequently flooded area.

Question 3.
Describe briefly the Southern Plateau.
Answer:
The Southern Plateau lies to the south of the Indogangetic plain. It is triangular in shape. It is bounded in the north by the Vindhyas and Satpura hills while its eastern and western boundaries are formed by the Eastern and Western Ghats. Its surface is uneven and rocky.

The soil is not as fertile as in the northern plain. Since the Southern Plateau is formed of hard igneous and metamorphic rocks, the soil is black and literate. It is not as fertile as the alluvial soil of north plains. The average height of Southern plateau is about 600 feet. This area comparatively receives less rainfall as it is surrounded by mountains from all around.

Question 4.
What is the importance of Himalayas for India? Explain.
Answer:
Himalayas are of great importance to India. They not only provide natural frontiers for the country but protect us from the cold winds blowing from the Siberia. They cause rainfall in India and are the source of timber, herbs and many other useful products. Himalayan peaks are snow covered throughout the year.

As such they are the source of important rivers like Ganga, the Indus, the Brahmaputra. These rivers bring along them the rich fertile alluvial soil and deposit the same in the great Northern Plain. These rivers have been used for irrigation and Hyde power and are thus important renewable natural resources.

Question 5.
Differentiate between Bangar and Khadar land.

Bangar Land:

• It is the upland of the Northern Plains made by older deposition. Pebbles are also found here.
• Flood water does not reach here.
• Water level is deep.
• It extends mainly in Punjab and the plains of Uttar Pradesh

Khadar Land:

• It is the lowland of the Northern Plains made by the newer alluvium.
• This land is submerged in flood water.
• Underground water level is high.
• It extends in eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Bengal.

Question 6.
Describe briefly the east coastal plain.
Answer:
The eastern coastal plain extends in the delta region of rivers Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri flowing in the Bay of Bengal. Fertile alluvial soil is found here. Chilka, Kolerio and Pullicat lakes are situated on this coast. The northern part of the east coast is known as the Northern Cir-cars and its southern part is called the Coromandel coast.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 3 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the geographical division of India.
Answer:
India can be divided into the following geographical divisions:

1. The Northern Mountains
2. The Great Northern Plains
3. The Peninsular Plateau
4. The Coastal Region
5. Islands

1. The Northern Mountains:
The Himalayas in the north are the new fold mountains which extend from Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh in the north of India. Their length is about 2400 km and width varies from 150 to 400 km. The Himalayas have three main ranges:

1. The Greater Himalayas,
2. The Middle Himalayas or the Himachal
3. Shivalik Ranges.

1.The Creator Himalayas or the Inner Himalayas or Himadri:
The Greater Himalayas are series of ranges which are always snow-capped. These ranges contain several high peaks which exceed, 8,000 meters above sea level. Mount Everest is the highest peak (8848 km) among them. In addition to that the Nanga Parbat, Kanchanjunga, Nanda Devi, etc. are some other high peaks. As these ranges remain always covered with snow so they are also called ’Himadri.

2. The Middle Himalayas or the Himachal:
Parallel to the south of the Greater Himalayas lies the rangers known as Middle Himalaya or Himachal. The height of these mountains varies between 3700 meters to 4500 meters and average width is 50 km. The Kashmir Valley and the Kangra and Kullu Valleys of Himachal are situated in these ranges. Pirpanjal and Dhauladhar are important ranges of this area. Hill stations like Shimla, Mussoorie, Nainital and Darjeeling belong to Middle Himalayas.

3. Shivalik Ranges:
These are the foot-hill ranges of Himalayas. They have an average height of 600 meters above the sea level. These ranges are often discontinuous. They have gentle slopes towards the north and steep slopes towards the . south. They represent the latest phase of folding and uplifting of the Himalayas.

In addition to these ranges, tine Zaskar and Ladakh ranges in Kashmir and the Kailash range in Tibet lie beyond the Himalayas. To the North-Eastern side of India lie the Naga, the Mizo and the Lushai hills. These hills are eastern extension of the Himalayas.

2. The Great Northern Plains:
The Great Northern Plains extend from the Punjab Plains m the west to the Brahmaputra valley in the east. This plain lies to the south of the Himalayas. This plain possesses the alluvial deposits of the Ganga, the Indus and the Satluj, etc. These rivers are perennial ones and flow down from the Himalayas. The average elevation of this plain is less than 300 meters above sea-level. The Ganga forms the largest part of it.

This region has rich alluvial soil and abundant water supply. So the means of livelihood are easily available here and the density of population is the highest. The Punjab plains forms the other part of the Great Norhtem Plain. The Brahmaputra valley in Assam forms the eastern part of the Great Northern Plain. It is narrower than the Ganga Plain. It is frequently flood area.

3. The Peninsular Plateau:
The Plateau has the central high lands in the north and the Deccan Plateau in the south. The Narmada Valley divides it into two major sub – divisions. Tire central high lands comprises the Malwa Plateau, the small plateau of Bundelkhand and the Chhotanagpur plateau. The hills of tire Eastern Ghats extend to the west of the Deccan Plateau.

The north western part of the Deccan Plateau in Maharashtra consists of an extensive ‘lava’ belt called the Deccan trap region. The rest of the Deccan Plateau consists of crystalline me tarn opine rocks The coastal plains lie both on the eastern and the western sides of the Deccan Plateau.

The Eastern Coastal Plain is broad. The alluvial delta plains of the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kavery are part of the Eastern Coastal Plains. The Western Coastal plain is, however, not so broad. In fact, the Peninsular Plateau is an old stable block or shield which consists of ancient crystalline rocks.

4. The Coastal Plains:
The Deccan Plateau is flanked by the narrow coastal plains along the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. The coastal plain on the western coast is narrow and uneven. The fast flowing rivers and streams dissect this strip at many places. It covers the plains of Gujarat in the north.

The eastern coastal plain is relatively wide and more level. It consists of some of the most fertile and well watered deltas of Krishna, Godavari, Mahanadi and Kaveri. The western coast has estuaries in the north and lagoons, the salt water lakes in the south particularly in Kerala.

5. Islands:
The coral islands off the coast of Kerala are Lakshdweep Island each having area of a few kilometers. This is a horse shoe form of island made by the continuous work of coral polyps. In the eastern parts lie Andaman and Nicobar islands in the Bay of Bengal. Some of these Islands are of volcanic origin and are fairly large in shape.

Question 2.
Describe the location and extent of India.
Answer:
India is situated in Northern Hemisphere in the southern part of the continent Asia. Towards its south lies the Indian Ocean. Bay of Bengal is in the east and Arabian sea is in the west. The latitudinal extent of the main land of India is 8°4′ North to 37°6’ North and the longitudinal extent is from 68°7′ East to 97°25′ East. The Tropic of Cancer (23°30’N) divides the country into almost two equal parts.

82°30′ is the standard meridian for Indian Standard Time. Standard time for the country is calculated from the stairdard meridian. Apart from the main land Andaman Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal and Lakshadweep in the Arabian sea are also part of India. Tropic of Cancer divides the country into almost two equal parts.

Less area of India is situated on the eastern part of the standard meridian. The western c-f the country is Gujarat and the eastern state is Arunachal Pradesh. The northern most state of India is Jammu and Kashmir and the southern most state is Tamilnadu. The extreme southern point of India is located in Andman and Nicobar Islands.

India is bounded by Pakistan, Afghanistan in the north-west, China, Nepai and Bhutan in the north, Bangladesh and Myanmar in the east and Sri Lanka in the South. Palk Straight is between India and Sri Lanka. Coastal Boundaries of India , India is the seventh largest country in the world in regard to area. 2.42% area of the world is in India. India covers an area of 32,87,263 km².

Question 3.
Describe the Himalayan Mountain Range.
Answer:
India can be divided into the following geographical divisions:

1. The Northern Mountains
2. The Great Northern Plains.
3. The Peninsular Plateau
4. The Coastal Region
5. Islands.

1. The Northern Mountains:
The Himalyas in the north are the new fold mountains which extend from Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh in the north of India. Their length is about 2400 km and width varies from 150 to 400 km. The Himalayas have three main ranges:

1. The Greater Himalayas,
2. The Middle Himalayas or the Himachal
3. Shivalik Ranges.

1. The Greater Himalayas or the Inner Himalayas or Himadri:
The Greater Himalayas are series of ranges which are always snow-capped. These ranges contain several high peaks which exceed, 8,000 meters above sea level. Mount Everest is the highest peak (8848 km) among them. In addition to that the Nanga Parbat, Kanchanjunga, Nanda Devi, etc. are some other high peaks. As these ranges remain always covered with snow so they are also called ’Himadri.

2. The Middle Himalayas or the Himachal:
Parallel to the south of the Greater Himalayas lies the rangers known as Middle Himalaya or Himachal. The height of these mountains varies between 3700 meters to 4500 meters and average width is 50 km. The Kashmir Valley and the Kangra and Kullu Valleys of Himachal are situated in these ranges. Pirpanjal and Dhauladhar are important ranges of this area. Hill stations like Shimla, Mussoorie, Nainital and Darjeeling belong to Middle Himalayas.

3. Shivalik Ranges:
These are the foot-hill ranges of Himalayas. They have an average height of 600 meters above the sea level. These ranges are often discontinuous. They have gentle slopes towards the north and steep slopes towards the . south. They represent the latest phase of folding and uplifting of the Himalayas.

In addition to these ranges, tine Zaskar and Ladakh ranges in Kashmir and the Kailash range in Tibet lie beyond the Himalayas. To the North-Eastern side of India lie the Naga, the Mizo and the Lushai hills. These hills are eastern extension of the Himalayas.

2. The Great Northern Plains:
The Great Northern Plains extend from the Punjab Plains m the west to the Brahmaputra valley in the east. This plain lies to the south of the Himalayas. This plain possesses the alluvial deposits of the Ganga, the Indus and the Satluj, etc. These rivers are perennial ones and flow down from the Himalayas. The average elevation of this plain is less than 300 meters above sea-level. The Ganga forms the largest part of it.

This region has rich alluvial soil and abundant water supply. So the means of livelihood are easily available here and the density of population is the highest. The Punjab plains forms the other part of the Great Norhtem Plain. The Brahmaputra valley in Assam forms the eastern part of the Great Northern Plain. It is narrower than the Ganga Plain. It is frequently flood area.

3. The Peninsular Plateau:
The Peninsular Plateau has the central high lands in the north and the Deccan Plateau in the south. The Narmada Valley divides it into two major sub – divisions. Tire central high lands comprises the Malwa Plateau, the small plateau of Bundelkhand and the Chhotanagpur plateau. The hills of tire Eastern Ghats extend to the west of the Deccan Plateau.

The north western part of the Deccan Plateau in Maharashtra consists of an extensive ‘lava’ belt called the Deccan trap region. The rest of the Deccan Plateau consists of crystalline me tarn opine rocks The coastal plains lie both on the eastern and the western sides of the Deccan Plateau.

The Eastern Coastal Plain is broad. The alluvial delta plains of the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kavery are part of the Eastern Coastal Plains. The Western Coastal plain is, however, not so broad. In fact, the Peninsular Plateau is an old stable block or shield which consists of ancient crystalline rocks.

4. The Coastal Plains:
The Deccan Plateau is flanked by the narrow coastal plains along the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. The coastal plain on the western coast is narrow and uneven. The fast flowing rivers and streams dissect this strip at many places. It covers the plains of Gujarat in the north. The eastern coastal plain is relatively wide and more level.

It consists of some of the most fertile and well watered deltas of Krishna, Godavari, Mahanadi and Kaveri. The western coast has estuaries in the north and lagoons, the salt water lakes in the south particulary in Kerala.

5. Islands:
The coral islands off the coast of Kerala are Laksh dweep Island each having area of a few kilometers. This is a horse shoe form of island made by the continuous work of coral polyps. In the eastern parts lie Andaman and Nicobar islands in the Bay of Bengal. Some of these Islands are of volcanic origin and are fairly large in shape.

Question 4.
Describe the Peninsular Plateau.
Answer:
The Peninsular Plateau is a part of the oldest landmass the Gondwanaland. Its average height from the sea level is 600 to 900 meters. It is surrounded by seas from three sides and by landmass from one side so it is also known as Peninsular Plateau.

It is a triangular plateau with its base in the north, from Delhi, and Rajmahal Hills to northern plain. It is bordered by the Eastern Ghats in the east and by the Western Ghats in the west and Kanya Kumari is at the southern tip. Regarding area, the peninsular plateau is the largest physiographic division of the country.

The peninsular plateau is divided into two parts –

1. The Central Highlands.
2. The Deccan Plateau.

1. The Central Highlands:
The Northern part of the peninsular plateau comprises of plateaus, uncovered mountain ranges and low mountains. It is made up of hard igneous rocks. In the north-west it is flanked by the Aravallis, which are old folded mountains. On the southern boundary of the Central Highlands lies the Vindhyachal Mountains and it continues to the Kaimur range eastward. The Malwa Plateau lies in between Amrawati and Vindhyachal mountains.

This Plateau is drained by the Betwa, Parvati, Kali Sindh, Chambal and Mahi. The eastern part of the Central Highlands is known as Bundelkhand. The Baghelkhand Plateau is situated in the east of Kaimur Bhander hills. In the central part of Highlands Vindhyachal and Kaimur hills form an escarpment between the valleys of Narmada and Son rivers. The Chhotanagpur Pleteau of Jharkhand is also a part of this region. It is rich in minerals.

2. The Deccan Plateau:
It extends from Satpura, Mahadev and Maikal hills in the north to the southern tip of peninsula. The north-western part of the plateau is mainly made up of volcanic deposit. The Western Ghats, from the western edge of the Deccan plateau, which run discontinuously from north to south almost parallel to the Arabian Sea. In Maharashtra and Karnataka they are called Shayadri.

The Ghats are crossed by three gaps:
Thalghat, Bhorghat and Palghat. They are called the Nilgiri’s in Tamilnadu and along Kerala and Tamilnadu borders, they are known as Anamalai and Cardamon Hills. Palghat gap separates Nilgiri and Anamalai Hills. The highest peak of Southern India, The Anai Mudi is in Palni Hills. The Eastern Ghat is 800 km. long. Its highest peak is Mahendragir.

Question 5.
Write Short notes on Indian Coastal Region, Indian Islands.
Answer:
Indian Coastal Region:
The Peninsular Plateau of India from Kutch to Orisa is flanked by a narrow strip of coastal lowlands ‘or plains. Due to difference in their formation, this coastal plain is divided into two parts:

1. The West Coastal Plain.
2. The East Coastal Plains.

1. The West Coastal Plains:
extends from Gujarat to Kerala along with the Arabian Sea. These.plains are narrow and are known as Konkan in the north and Malabar in the south of Goa. The maximum width here is 40 km. Here the rivers are small and fast flowing. This region has very few major river like Narmada and Tapi. The rivers of the west coast form tire tidal mouth. The coastal plains of Kutch and Gujarat are arid.

2. The East Coastal Plain:
extends in the delta region of rivers Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri flowing in the Bay of Bengal. Fertile alluvial soil is found here. Chilka, Koleru and Pullicat lakes are situated on this coast, the northern part of the East Coast is known as the Northern Circars and its southern part is called the Coromandel Coast.

Indian Islands:
The coral islands off the coast of Kerala are Lakshadweep Islands each having area of a few kilometers. This is a horse shoe form of island made by the continuous work of coral polyps. In the eastern parts lie the Andaman Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal.

These islands are scattered in a large area and are far away from the main land. These islands are the peaks of sub merged hilly ranges. Some of them are of volcanic origin. There are nearly 300 known and unknown islands in Andaman and Nicobar covering an area of about 8249 km².

Answer the following questions referring to the Map of India.

Question 1.
Latitude of Northern boundary of India.
Answer:
8°4′ North.

Question 2.
Name the states adjoining China.
Answer:
Arunachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Sikkim.

Question 3.
Name the States through which Tropic of cancer pass through.
Answer:
Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattishgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram.

Question 4.
Name the rivers which join Bay of Bengal.
Answer:
Ganga, Mahanadi, Krishna, Kaveri, Godavari etc.

Question 5.
Name any three gaps located in Himalayas.
Answer:
Shopkila, Nathula and Bomdila.

True or False:

1. Indian ocean is situated in the south of India.
2. The seven states of north-west are called “The Seven Sisters”
3. The Andman and Nicobar Islands are situated in the Arabian Sea.
4. Largest union territory of Indian is Andaman Nicobar Islands.
5. The geographical location of India gives it a marked advantage for international trade.

Answer:

1. True
2. False
3. False
4. True
5. True

Show the following in the outline map of India.

1. Tropic of cancer and 82°30′ E. longitude.
2. Union Territory – Chandigarh and Pondicherry.
3. Bomdila and Nat-hula passes.
4. Raipur and Bhopal
5. Narmada River and Mahanadi.
6. Himalayas and Vindhyans.

Answer:
Do yourself.

Project Work:
Divide the class in five groups and ask them to prepare a model and give presentation in the class on different physiographic features of India.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 3 Other Important Questions

Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
The western state of India is
(a) Arunachal Pradesh
(b) Gujarat
(c) Madhya Pradesh.
(d) Kerala
Answer:
(b) Gujarat

Question 2.
The extreme southern point of India is located in –
(a) And man and Nicobar Islands
(b) Lakshadweep
(c) Kerala
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(a) And man and Nicobar Islands

Question 3.
The width of the Himalayas varies from –
(a) 400 km in Kashmir.to 150 km in Arunachal Pradesh
(b) 200 km in Kashmir to 100 km in Arunachal Pradesh
(c) 500 km in Kashmir to 150 km in Arunachal Pradesh
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(a) 400 km in Kashmir.to 150 km in Arunachal: Pradesh.

Question 4.
Mt. Everest the highest peak in the world is located in –
(a) Sri Lanka
(b) Maldives
(c) Nepal
(d) Himachal
Answer:
(c) Nepal

Question 5.
The Chhotanagpur Plateau is in –
(a) Jharkhand
(b) Bihar
(c) Orissa
(d) Uttarakhand
Answer:
(a) Jharkhand

True or False.

1. Tropic of cancer divides India into two equal parts.
2. The highest mountain peak in India is Nanda Devi.
3. The western state of Indian is Kerala.
4. Largest union territory of Indian is Andaman Nicobar Islands.
5. The geographical location of India gives it a marked advantage for international trade.

Answers:

1. True
2. False
3. False
4. True
5. True.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 3 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
In which hemisphere does India lie?
Answer:
India is located in the Northern Hemisphere.

Question 2.
Give Geographical location of India.
Answer:
India is situated in the north of Equator. In its south lies a great ocean called Indian Ocean. It is flanked by Pakistan in the West, Myanmar in the East, Bangladesh in East towards Bay of Bengal, China in the North and Sri Lanka in the South.

Question 3.
Name the countries that constitute Indian sub-continent.
Answer:
Pakistan in the north-west, India at the core, Nepal in the north, Bhutan in the north-east.

Question 4.
Name the standard meridian of India.
Answer:
82°5′ east longitude is the standard meridian of India.

Question 5.
Name the largest delta in the Indian sub-continent.
Answer:
The Sundar Ban Delta.

Question 6.
Which is the highest peak in India?
Answer:
The Kanchanjunga in Sikkim was regarded the highest peak in India till Sikkim was not merged with Indian territory,

Question 7.
What are known as the Great Himalayas or Inner- Himalayas or Himadri?
Answer:
The Northern most ranges are known as the Great Himalayas or Inner Himalayas or Himadri.

Question 8.
Name same important passes in Himalayas.
Answer:
Karakoram (Jammu and Kashmir),’Shopkila (Himachal Pradesh), Nathula (Sikkim), Bpmuila (Arunachal Pradesh).

Question 9.
Define ‘Khadar’ and ‘Bangar’.
Answer:
The region where the flood water reaches every year is known as. ‘Khadar’ and where it does not reach is known as ‘Bangar’.

Question 10.
Where does the Malwa Plateau lie?
Answer:
The Malwa Plateau lies in between Amarawati and Vindhyachal mountains.

Question 11.
What is Maharashtra famous for?
Answer:
Maharashtra is famous for growing cotton.

Question 12.
Name some hill resorts located in plateau region.
Answer:
Ootakmand, Pachmarhi and Mahabaleshwar.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 3 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is a pass? Name some important passes of Indian Sub-continent?
Answer:
Gaps or openings in a mountain range which provide natural routes to pass through them are called Passes. Though Himalayas provide great barrier for the people to cross through from north but these passes made it possible to cross over. The Indian continent has the following important passes: The Karakoram Pass, The Shipkila Pass, The Nathula Pass, The Bomdila Pass.

Question 2.
Why is Central plain called the ‘gift of Himalaya’?
Answer:
Central plain covers approximately one-fourth area of India which supports 45% population of the country. This plain is made up of the alluvial soil of Indus, Satluj, Ganga and Brahmputra rivers and have irrigation facilities. Therefore, it is called the ‘gift of Himalaya.

Question 3.
Describe briefly formation of the Northern Plains.
Answer:
Following the formation of the Himalayas, there started the work of mighty rivers and other agents of denudation. This Work or erosion continued for millions of years and ultimately resulting in deposition of silt. Thus, slowly and steadily were formed the Northern Plains. The work of erosion and deposition’ is still going on.

Question 4.
Distinguish between West Coastal Plain and East Coastal Plain.
Answer:
West Coastal Plain:

1. They extend along the Arabian Coast.
2. This plain is narrow.
3. It is formed due to small but fast flowing rivers.
4. Deltas are not found on this coast.

East Coastal Plain:

1. They extend along the Bay of Bengal.
2. This plain is wider.
3. It is formed due to the deposition by the rivers Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri.
4. Deltas are found here.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 3 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Give an account of Deccan Plateau.
Answer:
The Deccan Plateau lies to the south of the Indogangetic plain. It is triangular in shape. It is bounded in the north by the Vindhyas and Satpura hills while its eastern and western boundaries are formed by the Eastern and Western Ghats. Its surface is uneven and rocky.

The soil is not as fertility as in the northern plain. Since the Deccan Plateau is formed of hard igneous and metamorphic rocks, the soil is black and literate. It is not as fertile as the alluvial soil of north plains. The average height of Deccan Plateau is about 600 feet.

This area comparatively receives less rainfall as it is surrounded by mountains from all around. The Krishna, the Godavari, the Mahanadi and Kaveri are the chief rivers. In this region, these rivers are swift and make waterfalls so they are not navigable. These rivers form big deltas at their mouth. The Deccan plateau has a coastal strip in the east and the west. The west coastal plain extends from Gujarat to Kerala.

The coastal strip along the Arabian Sea in the west is known as Konkan in the north and Malabar in the south. In the south, there are south salt water lakes called Lagoons. The coastal strip along the Bay of Bengal is broad and more leveled. The mountain ranges running from north to south along the Arabian sea coast has many names.

In Maharashtra and Karnataka they are called Sahyadri. Further in south, they are called the Nilgiries, in Tamil Nadu along the Kerala and Tamil Nadu border, they are known as Annamalai and Cardamon Hills. The Deccan Plateau is highest along its western edge and slopes towards the Bay of Bengal.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Solutions