Category: Class 8

MP Board Class 8th Hindi Bhasha Bharti Solutions Chapter 4 अपराजिता

MP Board Class 8th Hindi Bhasha Bharti Chapter 4 पाठ का अभ्यास

बोध प्रश्न

अपराजिता के प्रश्न उत्तर MP Board Class 8th प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों के अर्थ शब्दकोश से खोजकर लिखिए
उत्तर
विलक्षण = अनोखा; अकस्मात् = अचानक; विच्छिन्न = अलग किया हुआ, काटा हुआ; अभिशप्त शापित, शाप लगा हुआ; उत्फुल्ल = प्रसन्न; विषाद = दुःख, उदासी; बुद्धि दीप्ति = मेधावी, तेज बुद्धि वाला; जिजीविषा = जीने की इच्छा; कंठगत = गले में आना; उत्कट = प्रबल, तीव्र नियति = भाग्य; क्षत-विक्षत = घायल; आभामण्डित = तेज से युक्त; पटुता = चतुराई; ख्याति = प्रसिद्धि; आघात = प्रहार, चोट; व्यथा = कष्ट, रोग; नूरमंजिल = लखनऊ में स्थित मानसिक रोगियों का अस्पताल।

भाषा भारती कक्षा 8 Solutions Chapter 4 MP Board प्रश्न 2.
निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर संक्षेप में लिखिए

(क) अपराजिता संस्मरण की लेखिका कौन हैं?
उत्तर
अपराजिता संस्मरण की लेखिका गौरा पन्त ‘शिवानी’ हैं। वे हिन्दी की लोकप्रिय कथा-लेखिका हैं।

(ख) डॉ. चन्द्रा की माता जी का क्या नाम है ?
उत्तर
डॉ. चन्द्रा की माताजी का नाम श्रीमती टी. सुब्रह्मण्यम है।

(ग) डॉ. चन्द्रा को सामान्य ज्वर के बाद कौन-सी बीमारी हो गई थी?
उत्तर
डॉ. चन्द्रा को सामान्य ज्वर के बाद पक्षाघात की बीमारी हो गई जिससे गरदन के नीचे उनका सांग अचल हो गया।

(घ) ‘वीर जननी’ का पुरस्कार किसे मिला ?
उत्तर
‘वीर जननी’ का पुरस्कार अद्भुत साहसी जननी श्रीमती टी. सुब्रह्मण्यम को मिला। श्रीमती सुब्रह्मण्यम ने लगातार पच्चीस वर्ष तक सहिष्णुता के साथ अपनी पुत्री के साथ-साथ कठिन साधना की।

अपराजिता पाठ कक्षा 8 MP Board प्रश्न 3.
निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर विस्तार से लिखिए

(क) लेखिका की दृष्टि में डॉ. चन्दा सामान्य जनों से किन बातों में भिन्न थी ?
उत्तर
डॉ. चन्द्रा सामान्य जनों से अनेक बातों में भिन्न थीं। वे असामान्य रूप से शारीरिक अक्षमता व रोग से पीड़ित थीं। उनके शरीर का निचला धड़ निष्प्राण मांस पिण्ड मात्र था फिर भी वे सदा उत्फुल्ल रहती थीं। उनके चेहरे पर विषाद की कोई रेखा भी नहीं दिखती थी। उनमें अदम्य साहस और उत्कट जिजीविषा थी। उनके मुखमण्डल पर बुद्धि की दीप्तता झलकती थी। उनका व्यक्तित्व अनेक महत्त्वाकांक्षाओं से परिपूर्ण था। उन्हें अपने शरीर की अपंगता से बेचैनी नहीं थी।

उनमें अद्भुत साहस भरा था। उन्होंने अपनी थीसिस पर डॉक्टरेट की उपाधि ग्रहण की। वे कभी भी किसी से सामान्य-सा सहारा नहीं चाहती थीं। उन्होंने अपनी विलक्षणता से एम. एस-सी. में प्रथम स्थान प्राप्त करके बंगलौर (बंगलूरु) के प्रसिद्ध इंस्टीट्यूट ऑफ साइंस में अपने लिए स्पेशल सीट अर्जित की और बाद में शोधकार्य भी किया। राष्ट्रपति से गर्ल गाइड में स्वर्ण कार्ड पाने वाली प्रथम अपंग बालिका थी। उसमें संगीत के प्रति भी रुचि थी।

(ख) लेखिका ने जब चन्द्रा को कार से उतरते देखा तो वे आश्चर्यचकित क्यों रह गईं ?
उत्तर
लेखिका ने जब चन्द्रा को कार से उतरते देखा तो वे अचम्भित रह गईं। कार का द्वार खुला। एक प्रौढ़ा ने उतरकर पिछली सीट से ह्वील चेयर निकालकर सामने रख दी। कार में से एक युवती ने धीरे-धीरे अपने निर्जीव धड़ को बड़ी सावधानी से नीचे उतारा और बैसाखियों का सहारा लिया और ह्वील चेयर तक पहुँची तथा उसमें बैठ गई। अपनी हील चेयर को बड़ी तटस्थता से चलाती हुई कोठी के अन्दर चली गई। डॉ. चन्द्रा को नित्य नियत समय पर अपने कार्य करते देख चकित होती जब वह मशीन की तरह बटन खटखटाती अपना काम किये चली आती थी। डॉ. चन्द्रा अपनी अपंगता से बिल्कुल भी बेचैन नहीं लगती थीं। उनकी आँखों में अदम्य उत्साह और उत्कट जिजीविषा थी। उनमें महत्त्वाकांक्षाएँ भरपूर थीं। अत: उन्हें देखकर लेखिका अचम्भित रह गई।

Aparajita Chapter In Hindi Question Answer MP Board Class 8th प्रश्न 4.
निम्नलिखित पंक्तियों का आशय स्पष्ट कीजिए।
उत्तर
(क) बित्ते भर की लड़की मुझे किसी देवांगना से कम नहीं लगी।
आशय-लेखिका को अपंगता से ग्रसित लड़की देवांगना से कम नहीं लग रही थी। उसके चेहरे पर अद्भुत कान्ति थी। उसमें बुद्धिबल और आत्मनिर्भरता थी, यद्यपि वह शरीर से बहुत छोटी थी।

(ख) मैडम, मैं चाहती हूँ कि कोई मुझे सामान्य-सा भी सहारा न दे।
आशय-उस छोटे से आकार की अपंगता से ग्रस्त बालिका ने लेखिका से कहा कि वह नहीं चाहती है कि कोई भी व्यक्ति उसको थोड़ा भी सहारा दे। वह स्वावलम्बी बनकर रहना चाहती

(ग) चिकित्सा ने जो खोया, वह विज्ञान ने पाया।
आशय-लेखिका का कथन सही है क्योंकि चिकित्सा ने डॉ. चन्द्रा की अपंगता को ठीक नहीं किया जबकि विज्ञान के क्षेत्र में डॉ. चन्द्रा ने अनेक सफलताएँ प्राप्त की। डॉ. चन्द्रा ने बी.एस-सी. और एम. एस-सी. प्रथम श्रेणी में उत्तीर्ण और डॉ. सेठना के निर्देशन में पाँच वर्ष कार्य करते हुए पी-एच.डी. की उपाधि प्राप्त करके, विज्ञान के क्षेत्र में अपना अमूल्य योगदान दिया।

(घ) बुद्धिदीप्त आँखों में अदम्य उत्साह, प्रतिफलप्रतिक्षण भरपूर उत्कट जिजीविषा और फिर कैसी-कैसी महत्त्वाकांक्षाएँ।
आशय-लेखिका के अनुसार, डॉ. चन्द्रा की आँखों से ही । उनकी बुद्धि का तेज झलकता था। उनमें कभी न रुकने वाला उत्साह था। उन्हें किये गये कर्म के फल की प्राप्ति में विश्वास था। प्रत्येक क्षण अत्यन्त तीव्र एवं उत्कट रूप में जीवित रहने की इच्छा थी। इस पर भी उनमें अनेक महत्त्वाकांक्षाएँ थीं।

भाषा-अध्ययन

Aprajita Chapter Question Answer MP Board Class 8th प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों का उच्चारण कीजिएडॉक्टर, कॉलेज, बॉल, ऑफ, ऑफिस, कॉनवेन्ट।
उत्तर
अंग्रेजी के शब्दों को हिन्दी में प्रयोग करने से ‘ऑ’ ध्वनि का उच्चारण होता है। ऑ ध्वनि का आगम अंग्रेजी से हुआ है। अत: विद्यार्थी उपर्युक्त शब्दों को ठीक-ठीक पढ़कर उनका शुद्ध उच्चारण करने का अभ्यास करें।

अपराजिता’ पाठ के प्रश्न उत्तर MP Board Class 8th प्रश्न 2.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों का शुद्ध उच्चारण कीजिए और उन्हें लिखिए
व्यक्तित्व, रिक्तता, अभिशप्त, विच्छिन्न, निष्प्राण, जिजीविषा, बुद्धिदीप्त, सुब्रह्मण्यम।
उत्तर
विद्यार्थी उपर्युक्त शब्दों को ठीक-ठीक पढ़कर उनका शुद्ध उच्चारण करने का अभ्यास करें। फिर उन्हें लिखें।

अपराजिता पाठ के प्रश्न उत्तर MP Board Class 8th प्रश्न 3.
सही विकल्प चुनिए
(क) ‘अपराजिता’ शब्द में उपसर्ग है
(1) अ
(2) अप
(3) अपरा
उत्तर
(3) अपरा

(ख) ‘विकलांगता’ शब्द में प्रत्यय है
(1) गता
(2) ता
(3) आगत
उत्तर
(2) ता

(ग) ‘अभिमान’ में उपसर्ग है
(1) अभि
(2) अ
(3) मान
उत्तर
(1) अभि

(घ) ‘अपराजिता’ का विलोम है
(1) जीता
(2) जिता
(3) पराजिता।
उत्तर
(3) पराजिता।

अपराजिता कहानी का सारांश MP Board Class 8th प्रश्न 4.
‘अपराजिता’ पाठ से साधारण वाक्य, मिश्रित वाक्य और संयुक्त वाक्य के दो-दो उदाहरण छाँटकर लिखिए।
उत्तर
साधारण वाक्य

1. उस कोठी का अहाता एकदम हमारे बँगले के अहाते से जुड़ा था।
2. आजकल वह आई.आई.टी. मद्रास (चेन्नई) में काम कर रही हैं।

मिश्रित वाक्य

1. हमें लगता है कि भले ही उस अन्तर्यामी ने हमें जीवन में कभी अकस्मात् अकारण ही दण्डित कर दिया हो।
2. लौटते समय किसी स्टेशन पर चाय लेने उतरा कि गाड़ी चल पड़ी।

संयुक्त वाक्य

1. हमने आज तक दो व्यक्तियों द्वारा सम्मिलित रूप में नोबेल पुरस्कार पाते अपने ही विषय में सुना था, किन्तु आज हम शायद पहली बार इस पी-एच. डी. के विषय में भी कह सकते हैं।
2. एक वर्ष तक कष्टसाध्य उपचार चला और एक दिन स्वयं ही इसके ऊपरी धड़ में गति आ गई, हाथ हिलने लगे, नहीं उँगलियाँ मुझे बुलाने लगी।

Aprajita Class 8 MP Board प्रश्न 5.
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को ध्यान से पढ़िए मैंने शारीरिक रूप से विशेष आवश्यकता वाले एक बालक को पैर से लिखते देखा तो मैं दंग रह गया। भगवान की लीला भी विचित्र है। साहसी, आत्मविश्वासी और जीवट स्वभाव के ऐसे विशेष आवश्यकता वाले कुछ व्यक्ति तो हमें हतप्रभ बना देते हैं। समाज में इस प्रकार के कुछ व्यक्ति तो अपने हथियार डाल देते हैं तथा दूसरों के आश्रित रहकर जीवन जीते हैं। कभी वे मन्दिर के सामने, कभी स्टेशन के पास या किसी सार्वजनिक स्थान पर माँगने के लिए धरना दिये बैठे रहते हैं। हमें चाहिए कि हम उन्हें अपने पैरों पर खड़े होने के लिए प्रेरित करें।
उन्हें स्वावलम्बी बनाने के लिए हर सम्भव प्रयास करें और उन्हें अच्छा जीवन जीने का मार्ग सुझाएँ।
(क) उपर्युक्त गद्यांश का उचित शीर्षक लिखिए।
(ख) हम विशेष आवश्यकता वाले व्यक्तियों के लिए क्या-क्या काम कर सकते हैं ?
(ग) इस गद्यांश से मुहावरे छाँटकर उनके अर्थ और वाक्य-प्रयोग कीजिए।
(घ) इस गद्यांश में से एक-एक सरल, मिश्रित और संयुक्त वाक्य छाँटकर लिखिए।
उत्तर
(क) ‘शारीरिक रूप से विशेष आवश्यकता वाले व्यक्ति’।
(ख) हम उन्हें अपने पैरों पर खड़े होने के लिए प्रेरित कर सकते हैं। उन्हें स्वावलम्बी बनाने के लिए हर सम्भव प्रयास कर सकते हैं तथा उन्हें अच्छा जीवन जीने का मार्ग सुझा सकते हैं।
(ग) मुहावरे

1. दंग रह जाना-अचम्भे में पड़ जाना।
   वाक्य प्रयोग-आठ वर्ष की बालिका ने जब गीता के श्लोक मौखिक सुनाए, तो वहाँ उपस्थित लोग दंग रह गये।
2. हतप्रभ-चकित हो जाना।
   वाक्य प्रयोग-हमारे विद्यालय की विकलांग बालिका ने जब 100 मीटर की दौड़ में प्रथम स्थान पाया, तो उपस्थित लोग हतप्रभ हो गये।
3. हथियार डालना-हार मान लेना।
   वाक्य प्रयोग-भारतीय सेना के समक्ष हमारे दुश्मनों ने अपने हथियार डाल दिये।
4. धरना देना-एक स्थान पर जमकर बैठ जाना।
   वाक्य प्रयोग-छात्रों ने अपनी मांगों के समर्थन में प्रधानाचार्य के कार्यालय के सामने धरना दे दिया।
5. अपने पैरों पर खड़ा होना-स्वावलम्बी हो जाना।
   वाक्य प्रयोग-प्रत्येक युवक को अपने पैरों पर खड़ा होने के सद्प्रयास करने चाहिए।
6. मार्ग सुझाना-उपाय बताना।
   वाक्य प्रयोग-बेरोजगारी मिटाने के लिए विद्वानों को मार्ग सुझाना चाहिए।

(घ) सरल वाक्य-भगवान की लीला विचित्र है।
मिश्रित वाक्य-हमें चाहिए कि हम उन्हें अपने पैरों पर खड़े होने के लिए प्रेरित करें।
संयुक्त वाक्य-उन्हें स्वावलम्बी बनाने के लिए हर सम्भव प्रयास करें और उन्हें अच्छा जीवन जीने का मार्ग सुझाएँ।

प्रश्न 6.
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को उपयुक्त विराम चिह्न लगाकर पुनः लिखिए
नहीं मिसेज सुब्रह्मण्यम मदर ने कहा कि हमें आपसे पूरी सहानुभूति है पर आप ही सोचिए कि आपकी पुत्री की हील चेयर कौन पूरे क्लास में घुमाता फिरेगा। आप चिन्ता न करें मदर मैं हमेशा उसके साथ रहूँगी और फिर पूरी कक्षाओं में अपंग पुत्री की कुर्सी की परिक्रमा मैं स्वयं कराती।
उत्तर
“नहीं, मिसेज सुब्रह्मण्यम”, मदर ने कहा। हमें आपसे पूरी सहानुभूति है, पर आप ही सोचिए, आपकी पुत्री की ह्वील चेयर कौन पूरे क्लास में घुमाता फिरेगा।
“आप चिन्ता न करें, मदर, मैं हमेशा उसके साथ रहूँगी” और फिर पूरी कक्षाओं में अपंग पुत्री की कुर्सी की परिक्रमा मैं स्वयं कराती।

प्रश्न 7.
‘सुगम’ शब्द में ‘ता’ प्रत्यय जोड़कर ‘सुगमता’ नया शब्द बना है। इसी प्रकार निम्नलिखित शब्दों में निर्धारित प्रत्यय जोड़कर नए शब्द बनाइए
उत्तर

प्रश्न 8.
प्रतिफल’ शब्द में ‘प्रति’ उपसर्ग जुड़ा है। इसी प्रकार प्रति’, ‘परा’ और ‘अभि’ उपसर्ग जोड़कर नए शब्द बनाइए और लिखिए।
उत्तर

अपराजिता परीक्षोपयोगी गद्यांशों की व्याख्या 

(1) कभी-कभी अचानक ही विधाता हमें ऐसे विलक्षण व्यक्तित्व से मिला देता है, जिसे देख स्वयं अपने जीवन की रिक्तता बहुत छोटी लगने लगती है। हमें तब लगता है कि भले ही उस अन्तर्यामी ने हमें जीवन में कभी अकस्मात् अकारण ही दण्डित कर दिया हो किन्तु हमारे किसी अंग को हम से विच्छिन्न कर, हमें उससे वंचित तो नहीं किया।

शब्दार्थ-विधाता = ईश्वर; विलक्षण = अनोखे; रिक्तता = खालीपन, अन्तर्यामी = हृदय में समाये हुए ईश्वर; अकस्मात् = अचानक; अकारण = बिना कारण के विच्छिन्न = अलग कर देना, काट देना; दण्डित कर दिया हो = दण्ड दिया गया हो; वंचित = अलग।

सन्दर्भ-प्रस्तुत गद्यांश हमारी पाठ्य-पुस्तक’ भाषा-भारती’ के पाठ ‘अपराजिता’ से अवतरित है। इस पाठ की लेखिका ‘शिवानी हैं।

प्रसंग-प्रस्तुत गद्यांश में लेखिका बताती हैं कि जीवन में कभी-कभी ऐसे व्यक्तियों से मिलना हो जाता है जिनको देखकर हमारे जीवन में किसी बात की कमी बहुत छोटी लगती है।

व्याख्या-कभी-कभी ऐसा अकस्मात् होता है कि हमारी मुलाकात किसी ऐसे अनोखे व्यक्ति से हो जाती है जिसे देखने मात्र से ही हमारे जीवन में किसी बात की कमी होते हुए भी बहुत छोटी लग उठती है। जिनसे मुलाकात हुई है, उन्हें कोई भी बड़ा कष्ट हो सकता है जिसके विषय में हमने कभी सोचा भी नहीं होगा और हमारे कष्ट उस व्यक्ति की तुलना में बहुत ही छोटे हो सकते हैं। ईश्वर हमें अचानक ही किसी भी प्रकार का कष्ट देकर हमें कभी भी दण्ड दे सकते हैं जिसका कोई कारण नहीं भी हो सकता हो। तब ईश्वर की फिर भी हम बड़ी कृपा समझते हैं जिन्होंने हमारे शरीर के किसी अंग को काट करके हमें उससे रहित नहीं किया।

(2) यहाँ कभी सामान्य-सी हड्डी टूटने पर या पैर में मोच आ जाने पर ही प्राण ऐसे कण्ठगत हो जाते हैं जैसे विपत्ति का आकाश ही सिर पर टूट पड़ा है, और इधर यह लड़की है कि पूरा निचला धड़ सुन्न है, फिर भी बोटी-बोटी फड़क रही है। आजकल वह आई.आई.टी. चेन्नई में काम कर रही है।

शब्दार्थ-सामान्य-सी = साधारण-सी, कम महत्त्व की; कण्ठगत = गले में अटके; आकाश ही सिर पर टूट पड़ा है = बहुत बड़ी विपत्ति एकदम आ गई है; सुन = संवेदनहीन; बोटी-बोटी = शरीर का प्रत्येक अंग; फड़क रही है- स्पन्दित या गतिमान हो रहा है।

सन्दर्भ-पूर्व की तरह।

प्रसंग-लेखिका के अनुसार शरीर के किसी भी अंग में थोड़ी-सी चोट लगने पर हम सोचने लगते हैं कि मानो हमारे प्राण ही निकल जायेंगे।

व्याख्या-कभी-कभी हम ऐसा समझते हैं कि कभी हमारे शरीर की साधारण-सी हड्डी टूट गईं हो अथवा हमारे पैर में मोच आ गई हो तो हमें ऐसा लगता है कि मानो कष्ट से हमारे प्राण ही गले में आ जायेंगे अर्थात् हमारी मौत ही हो जायेगी। हम सोचने लगते हैं कि हमारे ऊपर कठिनाइयों का आसमान ही टूट पड़ा है। परन्तु इधर देखिये इस छोटी-सी लड़की को, जिसके शरीर का निचला भाग किसी भी संवेदना से रहित है। उसमें किसी भी तरह की गति नहीं है। फिर भी उसके शरीर का प्रत्येक अंग स्पन्दित हो रहा है। यह वह लड़की है जो आई. आई. टी. मद्रास (चेन्नई) में आजकल काम कर रही है।

(3) मैडम, मैं चाहती हूँ कि कोई मुझे सामान्य-सा सहारा भी न दे। आप तो देखती हैं, मेरी माँ को मेरी कार चलानी पड़ती है। मैंने इसीलिए एक ऐसी कार का नक्शा बनाकर दिया है, जिससे मैं अपने पैरों के निर्जीव अस्तित्व को भी सजीव बना दूंगी।

शब्दार्थ-मैडम = श्रीमती जी; सामान्य-सा-थोड़ा भी, साधारण-सा; सहारा = मदद; निर्जीव = बिना प्राणों के, अथवा चेतनाहीन; अस्तित्व = बने रहने को; सजीव = सचेतन।

सन्दर्भ-पूर्व की तरह।

प्रसंग-लेखिका द्वारा छोटी-सी अपंग लड़की के साहस का वर्णन किया गया है।

व्याख्या-वह छोटी-सी लड़की लेखिका से कहने लगी है कि मैडम (श्रीमती जी) मेरी इच्छा है कि कोई भी व्यक्ति मेरी थोड़ी भी मदद करने के लिए तैयार न हो। मैं नहीं चाहती कि कोई भी आदमी रंचमात्र भी मुझे सहारा दे। वह बालिका स्पष्ट करती है कि उसकी माँ को उसके लिए कार चलानी पड़ती है। इस तरह किसी पर आश्रित रहने को दूर करने के लिए उस बालिका ने एक इस तरह की कार का नक्शा बनाया है, जिसे वह स्वयं चला सके और अपने निर्जीव पैरों को सजीव बना सके अर्थात् वह स्वयं – उस कार को अपने उन पैरों से चला सकेगी, जो निश्चेष्ट हैं और उनमें किसी भी तरह की चेतना नहीं है। इसका नतीजा यह होगा कि उनमें फिर से सजीवता आ जायेगी।

(4) “इसके भयानक अभिशाप के बावजूद मैंने कभी विधाता से यह नहीं कहा कि प्रभो, इसे उठा लो। इसके इस जीवन से तो मौत भली है। मैं निरन्तर इसके जीवन की भीख माँगती रही। केवल सिर हिलाकर यह इधर-उधर देख भर सकती थी। न हाथों में गति थी, न पैरों में फिर भी मैंने आशा नहीं छोड़ी। एक आर्थोपैडिक सर्जन की बड़ी ख्याति सनी थी, वहीं ले गई।”

शब्दार्थ-भयानक = खतरनाक; अभिशाप = शाप: । बावजूद = (इसके) होने पर भी; विधाता ईश्वर से उठा लो= मृत्यु दे दो; मौत = मृत्यु; भली = अच्छी; निरन्तर = लगातार, रोजाना; भीख माँगती रही = दीन भाव से माँग करती रही; गति = चेतना; आर्थोपैडिक- हड्डियों से सम्बन्धित; सर्जन = चीर-फाड़ करने वाला;
ख्याति = प्रसिद्धि।

सन्दर्भ-पूर्व की तरह।

प्रसंग-उस छोटी-सी बालिका के रोगग्रस्त होने की दशा में भी उसकी माँ के धैर्य और उसके प्रति माँ की ममता का वर्णन लेखिका ने बहुत ही भावपूर्ण ढंग से किया है।

व्याख्या-उस अपंग बालिका के शुरू के जीवन के विषय में उसकी माँ कहती है कि उसे अपंगता का भयानक शाप लगा हुआ होने पर भी उसने (बालिका की माँ ने) ईश्वर से कभी भी यह नहीं कहा कि हे परमात्मा, तुम इस बालिका को मृत्यु दे दो। ममता भरे हृदय वाली माँ ने कभी भी यह नहीं सोचा कि उसकी उस पुत्री के रोग पीड़ित होने की दशा से तो उसका मरना ही ठीक है। वह माँ तो सदैव यही प्रार्थना करती रही कि हे प्रभो उसे जीवन दो। अर्थात् उसको रोग से मुक्ति मिले। वह माँ निश्चित ही कितनी दु:खी होती होगी, जब वह अपनी पुत्री को निश्चेष्ट शरीर से हिल-डुलने में असमर्थ पाती थी, क्योंकि वह तो केवल अपने सिर को ही हिला पाती थी और केवल सिर हिलाकर इधर-उधर देख पाती थी। उसके हाथ और पैरों में कोई गति नहीं थी। इतना भयानक कष्ट होने और जीवन के प्रति निराशा के भर जाने पर भी उस बालिका की माँ निराश नहीं हुई। वह जिस किसी भी चिकित्सक (हड्डियों से सम्बन्धित) की प्रसिद्धि और नाम सुनती तो वह उस रोग से पीड़ित बालिका को उसके पास लेकर पहुंचती थी।

(5) लैदर जैकेट के कठिन जिरह-बख्तर में कसी उस हँसमुख लड़की को देख मुझे युद्ध क्षेत्र में डटे राणा साँगा का ही स्मरण हो आता था। क्षतविक्षत शरीर में असंख्य घाव, आभामंडित भव्य मुद्रा।

शब्दार्थ-लैदर जैकेट = चमड़े से बनी जैकेट; बख्तर = कवच; कसी = कस कर बाँधी हुई; राणा साँगा = मेवाड़ के वीर राजपूत राजा का नाम जो महाराणा प्रताप के पूर्वज थे; स्मरण = याद आ जाती थी; क्षत-विक्षत = बहुत अधिक घायल; असंख्य = अनेक; आभामण्डित = कान्ति से शोभायमान; भव्य = सुन्दर;मुद्रा = आकृति।

सन्दर्भ-पूर्व की तरह।

प्रसंग-अपंगता से पीड़ित बालिका ने अपनी माँ के परिश्रम और धैर्य से उच्च शिक्षा प्राप्त की। एक श्रेष्ठ माँ के कर्तब का पालन करते हुए माँ ने अपने धर्म में सफलता प्राप्त की।

व्याख्या-अपंगता के रोग से ग्रसित उस बालिका ने एम. एस-सी. (प्राणिशास्त्र) की उपाधि प्राप्त करके पाँच वर्ष तक शोधकार्य कर लिया। वह बालिका अपनी प्रयोगशाला में आसानी से अपनी चेयर से घूम सकती थी। अपनी चेयर में जब वह बालिका बैठती थी, तो उसे चमड़े की बनी जैकेट पहननी पड़ती थी; जिससे उसका शरीर कठोर रूप से जकड़ दिया जाता था। वह लड़की बहुत हँसमुख थी। अपने कर्त्तव्य में डटी हुई वह लड़की अपनी माँ श्रीमती टी. सुब्रह्मण्यम को ऐसी लगती थी, जैसे राणा साँगा अपने राष्ट्र की रक्षा के लिए अपने दुश्मनों के विरुद्ध युद्धक्षेत्र में लड़ रहे हों। यद्यपि उनके शरीर में अनेक घाव हो चुके थे। उनका शरीर युद्ध में दुश्मनों के प्रहारों से बहुत अधिक घायल हो गया था। उस लड़की के मुखमण्डल पर अपनी अपंगता के कष्ट की कोई सिकुड़न नहीं थी। उसके चेहरे पर सौन्दर्य तथा उसकी आकृति बहुत ही सुन्दर थी।

MP Board Class 8th Hindi Solutions

MP Board Class 8th Sanskrit Solutions Surbhi Chapter 9 वसन्तोत्सवः

MP Board Class 8th Sanskrit Chapter 9 अभ्यासः

Mp Board Class 8 Sanskrit Chapter 9 प्रश्न 1.
एकपदेन उत्तरं लिखत(एक शब्द में उत्तर लिखो-)
(क) वसन्तपञ्चमी कस्य आगमनं सूचयति? (वसन्त पञ्चमी किसके आगमन को सूचित करती है?)
उत्तर:
ऋतुराजवसन्तस्य (ऋतुराज वसन्त के)

(ख) केषु नूतनकिसलयरागः राजते? (किन पर नये पत्तों की शोभा सुशोभित होती है?)
उत्तर:
वृक्षेषु। (पेड़ों पर)

(ग) केकिलानां मधुरस्वरः किम् आकर्षित? (कोयलों का मधुर स्वर किसको आकर्षित करता है?)
उत्तर:
चित्तम्। (मन को)

(घ) वसन्तोत्सवे कस्याः पूजनम् भवति? (वसन्त उत्सव में किसका पूजन होता है।)
उत्तर:
सरस्वत्याः। (सरस्वती का)

(ङ) ज्ञानस्य अधिष्ठात्री देवी का? (ज्ञान की मुख्य देवी कौन है?)
उत्तर:
शारदा। (सरस्वती)

Class 8 Sanskrit Chapter 9 Mp Board प्रश्न 2.
एकवाक्येन उत्तरं लिखत(एक वाक्य में उत्तर लिखो-)
(क) ऋतुराजवसन्तस्य आगमन-सूचना कदा भवति? (ऋतुराज वसन्त के आगमन की सूचना कब होती है?)
उत्तर:
ऋतुराजवसन्तस्य आगमन-सूचना माघमासस्य शुक्लपक्षस्य पञ्चम्यां तिथौ भवति। (ऋतुराज वसन्त के आगमन की सूचना माघ महीने के शुक्ल पक्ष की पंचमी तिथि को होती है।)

(ख) आमेषु कीदृशाःभ्रमराः दृश्यन्ते? (आमों पर कैसे भंवरे दिखाई देते है?)
उत्तर:
आनेषु भ्रमन्तः भ्रमराः दृश्यन्ते? (आमों पर घूमते हुए भंवरे दिखाई देते हैं।)

(ग) तमिलनाडुराज्ये जनाः शारदां कथम् अर्चयन्ति। (तमिलनाडु राज्य में लोग शारदा को कैसे पूजते हैं?)
उत्तर:
तमिलनाडुराज्ये जनाः प्रकाशितान् हस्तलिखितान् ग्रन्थान् एकस्याम् पीठिकायां संस्थाप्य विविधैः उपचारैः शारदां अर्चयन्ति। (तमिलनाडु राज्य में लोग प्रकाशित हस्तलिखित ग्रन्थों को एक चौकी पर रखकर विभिन्न पूजा की विधियों से शारदा की पूजा करते हैं।)

(घ) वसन्तोत्सवः किं किं द्योतयति? (वसन्तोत्सव क्या-क्या प्रकट करता है।)
उत्तर:
वसन्तोत्सवः भारतीयानां उत्सवप्रियतायाः शास्त्रीयं, सामाजिक तथा वैज्ञानिक चिन्तनं अपि द्योतयति। (वसन्तोत्सव भारतीयों की उत्सव प्रियता की शास्त्रीय, सामाजिक तथा वैज्ञानिक सोच को भी प्रकट करता है।)

(ङ) उत्तरभारते कुत्र-कुत्र सरस्वतीपूजनं बहुमान्यम् अस्ति? (उत्तरभारत में कहाँ-कहाँ सरस्वती पूजा बहुत मान्य है?)
उत्तर:
उत्तर भारते बिहार प्रान्ते, बङ्गालप्रान्ते तथा काश्मीर प्रदेशे सरस्वतीपूजनं बहुमान्यम् अस्ति। (उत्तर भारत में बिहार प्रान्त में, बंगाल प्रान्त में तथा कश्मीर प्रदेश में सरस्वती पूजा बहुत मान्य है।)

Mp Board Class 8 Sanskrit Solution Chapter 9 प्रश्न 3.
प्रश्ननिर्माणं कुरुत (रेखांकितपदम् आधृत्य) [प्रश्न निर्माण करो (रेखांकित शब्द के आधार पर])
(क) विविधैः पुष्पैः ऋतुराजस्य स्वागतम् भवति। (विविध पुष्पों के द्वारा ऋतुराज का स्वागत होता है।)
उत्तर:
विविधैः पुष्पैः कस्य स्वागतम् भवति? (विविध पुष्पों के द्वारा किसका स्वागत होता है?)

(ख) पुस्तकानाम् अपि पूजनम् भवति। (पुस्तकों का भी पूजन होता है।)
उत्तर:
केषाम् अपि पूजनम् भवति? (किनका पूजन भी होता है?)

(ग) शारदाम् अर्चयन्ति। (शारदा की अर्चना करते हैं।)
उत्तर:
काम् अर्चयन्ति? (किसकी अर्चना करते हैं?)

(घ) सौन्दर्य कामयिंतु वसन्तपूजनम् भवति। (सुन्दरता की कामना के लिए वसन्त पूजा होती
उत्तर :
सौन्दर्य कामयितु किम् भवति? (सुन्दरता की कामना के लिए क्या होती है?)

(ङ) श्रीपञ्चमीनाम्ना वसन्तपञ्चमी ज्ञायते। (श्रीपंचमी नाम से वसन्तपंचमी जानी जाती है।)
उत्तर:
श्री पञ्चमीनाम्ना का ज्ञायते? (श्रीपंचमी नाम से क्या जानी जाती है।)

Sanskrit Class 8 Mp Board प्रश्न 4.
अर्थानुसारं युग्मानि योजयत (अर्थ के अनुसार जोड़े मिलाओ-)

उत्तर:
(क) → (iii)
(ख) → (v)
(ग) → (i)
(घ) → (ii)
(ङ) → (iv)

Mp Board Class 8 Sanskrit प्रश्न 5.
नामोल्लेखपूर्वकं समासविग्रह कुरुत (नाम का उल्लेख करते हुए समास विग्रह करो-)
(क) सरस्वतीपूजनम्
(ख) वसन्तसमये
(ग) प्राचीनकाले
(घ) वसन्तोत्सवः।
उत्तर:

एमपी बोर्ड क्लास 8th संस्कृत प्रश्न 6.
नामोल्लेखपूर्वकं सन्धिविच्छेदं कुरुत (नाम का उल्लेख करते हुए सन्धि-विच्छेद करो-)
(क) चरमोत्कर्षम्
(ख) पुराणेष्वपि
(ग) पूजनमपि
(घ) सममेव।
उत्तर:

Class 8 Sanskrit Mp Board प्रश्न 7.
पाठात् पञ्च अव्ययानि चित्वा लिखत। (पाठ में से पाँच अव्यय चुनकर लिखो।)
उत्तर:
(क) अपि:
(ख) सर्वत्र
(ग) च
(घ) अधुना
(ङ) एव।

वसन्तोत्सवः हिन्दी अनुवाद

माघमासस्य शुक्लपक्षस्य पञ्चम्यां तिथौ ऋतुराजवसन्तस्य आगमनसूचना भवति। वसन्तपञ्चमी श्रीपञ्चमी नाम्ना अपि. ज्ञायते। अस्मिन् समये प्रकृतेः सौन्दर्यं चरमोत्कर्ष प्राप्नोति। सर्वत्र रमणीयतायाः दर्शनं भवति। वृक्षेषु नूतनकिसलयरागः राजते। क्षेत्रेषु सर्षपपुष्याणां सुषमा पीतिमा च मनोहारिणी दृश्यते। आनेषु मञ्जरीम् परितः भ्रमन्तः भ्रमराः दृश्यन्ते। कोकिलानां मधुरस्वरः चित्तम् आकर्षति। वसन्तसमये सर्वत्र रमणीयतायाः दर्शनम् भवति। वसन्तोत्सवे शीतकालस्य अनन्तरम् परम्परया सौन्दर्यस्य पूजनं क्रियते। विविधैः पुष्पैः, नवान्नैः, फलैः च ऋतुराजस्य वसन्तस्य स्वागतम् भवति। एषः उत्सवः सौन्दर्यस्य रमणीयतायाः पुष्याणां, किसलयानां मधुरागमनस्य च उत्सवः अस्ति।

अनुवाद :
माघ के महीने की शुक्ल पक्ष की पंचमी तिथि को ऋतुओं के राजा वसन्त के आगमन की सूचना होती है वसन्त पंचमी को ‘श्री पंचमी’ के नाम से भी जाना जाता है। इस समय प्रकृति की सुन्दरता अत्यधिक उन्नति को प्राप्त करती है। सब जगह सुन्दरता के दर्शन होते हैं। पेड़ों पर नवीन पत्तों की शोभा सुशोभित होती है। खेतों में सरसों के फूलों की अत्यधिक शोभा और पीलापन मन को हरने वाला दिखाई देता है। आम के पेड़ों पर बौरों के चारों ओर घूमते हुए भँवरे दिखाई देते हैं। कोयलों का मधुर स्वर मन को आकर्षित करता है। वसन्त के समय में सब जगह सुन्दरता के दर्शन होते हैं। वसन्त के उत्सव में शीतकाल के बाद परम्परा से सुन्दरता का पूजन किया जाता है। अनेक फूलों, नये अन्नों और फलों से ऋतुओं के राजा वसन्त का स्वागत होता है। यह उत्सव सुन्दरता मनोहरता फूलों और पल्लवों के मधुर आगमन का उत्सव होता है।

वसन्तोत्सवस्य द्वितीयपक्षः अधिकः महनीयः अस्ति। भारते वसन्तवेलायां भगवत्याः सरस्वत्याः आराधनस्य अपि परम्परा विद्यते। वसन्तपञ्चमी ज्ञानस्य उपासनायाः आराधनायाः उत्सवः अस्ति। प्राचीनकाले वसन्तपञ्चम्यां ज्ञानयज्ञतपस्वरूपां सरस्वतीं जनाः पूजयन्ति स्म। अधुना अपि सम्पूर्णे देशे आध्यात्मिकजिज्ञासया अस्मिन् दिने जनाः ज्ञानस्य अधिष्ठात्रीं शारदां पूजयन्ति।

अनुवाद :
वसन्त उत्सव का द्वितीय पक्ष अधिक सम्मान के योग्य होता है। भारत में वसन्त की बेला में देवी सरस्वती की आराधना भी परम्परा है। वसन्त पंचमी ज्ञान की उपासना। (और) आराधना का उत्सव है। प्राचीन समय में वसन्त पंचमी पर ज्ञानयज्ञ (और) तप स्वरूप सरस्वती को लोग पूजते थे। अब भी सम्पूर्ण देश में आध्यात्मिक जिज्ञासा से इस दिन लोग ज्ञान की मुख्य देवी शारदा (सरस्वती) को पूजते हैं।

वसन्तोत्सवः वस्तुतः सांस्कृतिकः उत्सवः अस्ति। वैदिककालात् एव अस्मिन् दिने सरस्वत्याः उपासना भवति। महाभारते पुराणेष्वपि वसन्तोत्सवः सरस्वत्याः उपासनायाः उत्सवरूपेण दर्शितः। वसन्तपञ्चम्यां आगमविधिना महाशक्त्याः सरस्वत्याः वार्षिकपूजायाः विधानम् भवति।

अनुवाद :
वसन्त उत्सव वास्तव में सांस्कृतिक उत्सव है। वैदिक काल से ही इस दिन सरस्वती की उपासना होती है। महाभारत में पुराणों में भी वसन्त उत्सव सरस्वती की उपासना के उत्सव के रूप में दिखाया गया है। वसन्त पंचमी पर शास्त्र में वर्णित विधि से महाशक्ति सरस्वती की वार्षिक पूजा का विधान होता है।

विशेषतः उत्तरभारते बिहारप्रान्ते, बङ्गालप्रान्ते तथा काश्मीरप्रदेशे सरस्वतीपूजनं बहुमान्यम् अस्ति। दक्षिणे तमिलनाडुक्षेत्रे अपि एतस्य महत्त्वं विद्यते। तत्र आबालवृद्धपरिजनाः प्रकाशितान् हस्तलिखितान् ग्रन्थान् एकस्याम् पीठिकायां संस्थाप्य विविधैः उपचारैः शारदाम् अर्चयन्ति। एतेन सममेव वाद्ययन्त्राणां वीणादीनाम् पूजनमपि भवति। कुत्रचित् दक्षिणभारते शिल्पिनः स्वयन्त्राणाम् अपि अस्मिन् दिने पूजनं कुर्वन्ति।

अनुवाद :
विशेष रूप से उत्तर भारत में बिहार 7 में, बंगाल प्रान्त में तथा कश्मीर प्रदेश में सरस्वती पूजन ब न्य है। दक्षिण में तमिलनाडु क्षेत्र में भी इसका महत्त्व है. वहाँ बच्चों से लेकर वृद्ध तक (सभी) परिवार के लोग प्रकाशित (छपे) हाथ से लिखे ग्रन्थों को एक चौकी पर रखकर विविध पूजा की विधियों से शारदा की पूजा करते हैं। इसी समय वाद्य यन्त्र वीणा आदि का पूजन भी होती है। वहीं दक्षिण भारत में शिल्पी (कारीगर) अपने यन्त्रों (औजारों) का भी इसी दिन पूजन करते हैं।

सरस्वतीपूजनस्य वेदाध्ययन सत्रं श्रावणीपूर्णिमातः आरभ्य वसन्तपञ्चमी यावत् भवति। सरस्वती पूजयित्वा ऋतुपरिवर्तनस्यारम्भे जीवने हर्षोल्लासं, सौन्दर्य, शृंङ्गारं च कामयितु वसन्तस्य, कामदेवस्य अपि पूजनं परम्परा भवति। वस्तुतः भारतीयपरम्परायां वसन्तोत्सवः सौन्दर्यस्य, उल्लासस्य, ज्ञानस्य उपासनायाः उत्सवः। एषः भारतीयानां उत्सवप्रियतायाः शास्त्रीय, सामाजिक तथा वैज्ञानिक चिन्तनम् अपि द्योतयति।

अनुवाद :
सरस्वती की पूजा वेद के अध्ययन की अवधि श्रावणी पूर्णिमा से आरम्भ होकर वसन्तपंचमी तक होती है। सरस्वती को पूजकर ऋतु परिवर्तन के आरम्भ में जीवन में हर्षोल्लास, सौन्दर्य और श्रृंगार की कामना के लिए वसन्त का (और) कामदेव का भी पूजन परम्परा से होता है। वस्तुतः भारतीय परम्परा में वसन्तोत्सव सौन्दर्य की, उल्लास की (और) ज्ञान की उपासना का उत्सव है। यह भारतीयों की उत्सव प्रियता की शास्त्रीय, सामाजिक तथा वैज्ञानिक सोच को भी प्रकट करता है।

वसन्तोत्सवः शब्दार्थाः

चरमोत्कर्षम् = अत्यधिक उन्नत। उल्लासः = हर्ष। नूतनकिसलयरागः = नवीन पत्तों की शोभा। आबालवृद्धाः = बच्चों से लेकर वृद्ध तक। मञ्जरी = बौर (आम के बौर)। अधिष्ठात्रीम्=मुख्यदेवीको।पीठिका-चौकी।वाद्ययन्त्राणाम् – (वाद्योपकरणानाम्) = बजाये जाने वाले यन्त्रों का (वीणा आदि। विधानम् = विधि। उपचारैः = पूजा विधि से। महनीयः = महत्तर। वेदाध्ययनसत्रम् = वेद की अध्ययन की अवधि। आगमविधिना = शास्त्रवर्णित विधि से।

MP Board Class 8th Sanskrit Solutions

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Solutions Chapter 19 National Movement and Achievement of Independence

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 19 Text Book Exercise

Choose the correct option of the following

Mp Board Class 8 Social Science Solution Chapter 19 Question 1.
When Rollat Act was passed?
(a) 7 April 1819
(b) 8 March 1919
(c) 2 January
(d) 6 March 1919
Answer:
(b) 8 March 1919

Mp Board Class 8 Social Science Chapter 19 Question 2.
Who was the Lt. Governor of Punjab during Jallianwala Bagh Massacre?
(a) Lord Dalhousie
(b) Lord Macually
(c) General O Dyer
(d) O Dyer
Answer:
(c) General O Dyer

Class 8 Social Science Chapter 19 MP Board Question 3.
Who was the President of Swaraj Dal?
(a) Motilal Nehru
(b) Chittaranjan Das
(c) Gopal Krishan Gokhle
(d) Dada Bhai Naorozi
Answer:
(b) Chittaranjan Das

Class 8 Social Science Lesson 19 Question Answer MP Board Question 4.
When Salt Satyagrah Movement began?
(a) 5 March 1931
(b) 8 August 1942
(c) 12 March 1930
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(c) 12 March 1930

Fill in the blanks:

1. 6 April 1919 was celebrated as ……….
2. Simon Commission came to India in ………..
3. Gandhiji undertook the ……….. to break the Salt Law.
4. In 1940 the annual session of Muslim League was held at ………..

Answer:

1. Day of national dishonor
2. On 3rd February 1928
3. Dandi March
4. Lahore.

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 19 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Class 8 Social Science Chapter 19 Question Answer MP Board Question 1.
Which title was given to Gandhiji by the British?
Answer:
Gandhiji was offered Kaiser-I-Hind title by the British Govt.

Class 8 Social Science Lesson 19 MP Board Question 2.
Give names of the prominent leaders of Swaraj Dal?
Answer:
Chittaranjan Das and Moti Lal Nehru founded the Swaraj Dal. Chittaranjan Das was its President Vithallbhai Patel, Chittaranjan Das  and Moti Lal Nehru were its prominent leaders.

Question 3.
When the Second World War broke out?
Answer:
The Second World War broke out in September 1, 1939 when Germany invaded Poland. On September 3, Britain also joined war in favor of Poland. The Govt, of India immediately joined the War without consulting the national Congress. The annoyed Congressmen in protest tendered registrations in the seven Provinces.

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 19 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why Khilafat Movement was started?
Answer:
At the end of First World War, Turkey defeated by the British forces suffered injustice at the Lands of Britain. Khalifa was dethroned from his post. He was the religious head of the Muslims and Muslim community in India opposed this heinous act against Turkey. In 1919 under the leadership of Mohammed Ali Jinnah, Shaukat Ali, Maulana Azad the Khilafat committee war formed.

The objective of Khilafat movement was to protest against the injustice done to Khalifa and Turkey. The Khilafat movement was given full supports by Gandhiji and the Indian National Congress.

Question 2.
What were the major objectives of Swaraj Dal?
Answer:

Main objectives of Swaraj Dal:

• To achieve Swaraj
• To interrupt official work
• To oppose the policies of British Govt
• To develop national awakening
• To enter Councils by election.

The members of Swaraj Dal Vithallbhai Patel, Chittaranjan Das and Pt. Moti Lal Nehru and other members jointly formed an independent forum and put up demands before the Govt. when the Govt, did not consider the demands they interrupted the Govt, working.

Question 3.
Why Gandhiji put off the Non-cooperation Movement?
Answer:
Gandhiji withdraw Non-cooperation Movement because an excited crowd of people set fire to a police station at Chauri Chaura in Uttar Pradesh which caused the death of 22 policemen including as Inspector. Mahatma Gandhi was pained to see that the country had not understood the message of non-violence.

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 19 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe about the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre?
Answer:
There was a great resentment among the people on the restrictions on the entry of Gandhiji and other leaders in Punjab. This protest grew more intense when two leaders of Punjab Dr. Satpal and Dr. Saifuddin Kichlu were arrested without any reason by Deputy Commissioner of Amritsar. The people took out a peaceful rally in protest of this arrest. The police tried to stop the procession but failing to stop they fired.

After that the procession became very violent and people set houses on fire. The Govt, handed over the charge of Amritsar in the hands of General 0 Dyer on April 10, 1919. On the day of Baisakhi on April 13, 1919 a General Meeting was held at 4:30 p.m. in Jallianwala Bagh. Ten thousand people gathered there.

General Dyer reached there with 400 armed laced troops and without prior information to the crowd he ordered firing. The firing resulted in thousands of death and large number of people met fatal injuries. This heinous act of inhumanity hurt the feelings of Indians all over the country. They organised protests against British Government.

Question: 2.
What were the key programmes of Non-Cooperation Movement?
Answer:
In December 1920 in Nagpur the Congress session unanimously adopted the non-cooperation proposals mooted by Gandhiji. The movement was supposed to be fully peaceful. And to show non-cooperation with the Govt, at all level. The movements had two sides:
Answer:

1. To denounce Govt, posts and titles.
2. Boycott Govt, schools and colleges.
3. Boycott Judiciary.
4. Not to pay taxes.
5. Boycott of foreign goods and clothes.

B. Positive side:

1. Establish national schools and colleges.
2. To settle disputes by Panchayats.
3. Stress on truth and non-violence.
4. To promote Charkha for spinning and weaving.
5. To enroll one crore volunteers to make the movement successful.

The Non-cooperation Movement was soon a success among the masses.

Question 3.
Explain the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Answer:

The Civil Disobedience Movement was launched in 1930. The chief reasons were:

1. Peaceful hartals, demonstrations, meetings, requests and appeal were not heeded by the government.
2. Repression was let loose on peaceful people by die British Government.
3. The leaders of the movement wanted to force government to accede to their demands. They wanted complete freedom for their country.
4. There was no other alternative left but to disobey the British Government.

The defiance of the Salt Law followed by the spread of Civil Disobedience Movement. This Movement meant more than the violation of the Salt Law. There were held demonstrations, hartals, boycott of foreign goods, and later refusal to pay taxes. The lakhs of people participated in the movement, including a large number of women. The Government resorted to firings and lathi charges. As a result, hundreds of people were killed and thousands of them were imprisoned.

Question 4.
What is Cripps Mission? Mention about it?
Answer:

Cripps Mission:
The British Govt, desperately needed Indian support during the Second World War. The Southern frontier of India was being threatened by the importing Japanese forces. On the other hand, Indian National Army in Rangoon was awaiting to attack India through the route of Burma under these circumstances Stratford Cripps was sent to India to assure Indians about the future course and self-rule in India.

According to Cripps proposal dominion status was to be granted to India. Even a Constituent
Assembly was proposed but almost every party opposed this proposal on various grounds.

Question 5.
Write note on the Quit India Movement?
Answer:
Quit India Movement was a call to the British regime to leave India for ever and handover its governance to its people. This movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1942. The call of Mahatma Gandhi was given a prompt and effective response by the people.

As a result of the movement, the British Government arrested many Congress leaders including Gandhiji and declared Indian National Congress illegal. On this, the Indians rose in open rebellion against the Britishers. They set fire to many police stations, destroyed post offices, Railway stations and other Government buildings. At this, thousand of people were arrested and while the other thousands were shot dead.

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Solutions

 

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MP Board Class 8th Special English Solutions Chapter 10 The Sacrifice

Do you feel the concept of English is difficult to understand? Not anymore with our MP Board Solutions for Class 8 English Chapter 10 The Sacrifice Questions and Answers. All the Solutions are given to you with detailed explanation and you can enhance your subject knowledge. Use the Madhya Pradesh State Board Solutions for Class 8 English PDF for free of cost and prepare whenever you want.

The Sacrifice Textual Exercise

Word Power

(A) Match column A with column B for finding the meaning of words in column
A.

Answers:
(i) – (iv)
(ii) – (vi)
(iii) – (i)
(iv) – (iii)
(v) – (v)
(vi) – (ii)
(vii) – (viii)
(viii) – (vii),
(ix) – (x)
(x) – (ix).

(B) Tick the words in Box A that are associated with King Shibi. Tick the words in Box B that are associated with the eagle. Tick the words in Box C that are associated with the Dove.

Answer:
Words associated with King Shibi :
Kind, righteous, justice, strong, calm, noble, trust, sacrifice, gentle.

Words associated with the eagle :
Indra, piercing, strong, hungry, wicked, thundering, prey, angers.

Words assoiciated with the dove :
innocent, white, panting, trembling, Agni, sad, flutters.

Comprehension

(A) Answer the following questions :

Class 8 English Chapter 9 The Sacrifice Question 1.
What were the two questions of King Shibi?
Answer:
Justice and righteousness were the two qualities of king Shibi.

The Sacrifice Class 8 MP Board Question 2.
Why was the eagle angry?
Answer:
The eagle was angry because the king refused it surrend the dove.

Mp Board Class 8 English Chapter 10 Question 3.
Why did the king refuse to surrender the dove?
Answer:
The king refused to surrender the dove because he thought that his foremost duty was to protect the innocent bird.

Lesson 8 The Sacrifice MP Board Question 4.
What did the eagle demand in place of dove?
Answer:
The eagle demanded king’s flesh equal to the weight of the dove.

Mp Board Class 8 English Chapter 9 The Sacrifice Question 5.
The eagle made the king’s sacri fice more difficult by laying down certain conditions. What were these?
Answer:
The certain conditions laid down by the eagle were –

1. The flesh must be cut from the right side of the king’s body.
2. The king’s wife and his son must be present at the sacrifice.

Class 8 English Chapter 10 Mp Board Question 6.
Why did a tear drop from the left eye of the king?
Answer:
A tear dropped from the left eye of the king for the weak and the unprotected dose. The king was upset to think that his flesh was not sufficient to protect the dove.

Question 7.
What happened to the eagle and the dove?
Answer:
The eagle and the dove vanished and is their place stood Indra, the chief of gods and Agni, the god of Fire.

(B) Choose the right answer :

(a) What did the king say when he saw the dove?
(i) Oh! What nonsense!
(ii) Oh! What an innocent bird!
(iii) Oh! what a poor bird!
(iv) Oh! take this bird away!
Answer:
(ii) Oh! What an innocent bird!

(b) What did the eagle ask the king?
(i) Keep the dove with you.
(ii) Give me shelter.
(iii) Surrender my prey.
(iv) I want to rest.
Answer:
(iii) Surrender my prey.

(c) What did the queen say to the king?
(i) We are not with you.
(ii) We don’t like your decision.
(iii) I am very scared.
(iv) We are with you and may all the gods be with you.
Answer:
(iv) We are with you and may all the gods be with you.

(d) ‘What did God Indra grant King Shibi?
(i) You have the highest place in heaven.
(ii) You don’t have a place in heaven.
(iii) You have a place in hell.
(iv) You will live on the earth only.
Answer:
(iv) You will live on the earth only.

Let’s learn

(A) Look at the words from the lesson : calmy, firmly, slowly, carefully, wickedly, gently.

These are ‘adverbs’. They tell us something more about the verbs. Rewrite the following sentences by changing the underlined words (adjectives) into Adverbs as given in the example :

Example – Hari speaks to his servant in a kind manner

Hari speaks kindly to his servant.

1. The dog gave a loud bark.
2. Beena narrated the incident in a cheerful mood.
3. She danced in a graceful manner.
4. Hari is an efficient worker.
5. Ravi made a strong appeal.

(B) Look at the following sentences from the lesson :

(a) Protecting it is my foremost duty.
(b) My cooks are famous for their cooking.

The words ‘protecting’ and ‘cooking’ are gerunds. Gerund is a noun (also called a ‘verbal noun’) in the form of the present present participle of a verb (that is, ending in-ing).

Use the verbs given below as gerunds in the following sentences,

pack, make, swim, collect, sleep, walk, play, paint.

1. ……….. is a good exercise.
2. Rhea’s hobby is ……….. stamps.
3. ……….. fun of others is not a good thing.
4. Children love ……….. cricket
5. ……….. in the morning is good.
6. ……….. during the day time is not good for health
7. ………….. is an art.
8. They started ………….. their luggage.

Answers:

1. Swimming
2. collecting,
3. Making
4. playing
5. Walking
6. Sleeping
7. painting
8. packing.

Let’s Talk

You meet an old-class fellow at the station. Read the first part of the dialogue. Then complete the dialogue using the correct tense form.

Rhea : Hello Priya! Is that really you!
Priya : Rhea! Oh! what a surprise! Rhea : Tell me about yourself. What have you been doing all these years!
Priya : My father got transferred. I am styding in Indore now.
Rhea : You have changed, Priya. I remember you used to be a bookworm. Tell me, do you still read a lot?
Priya : Oh no, Rhea! I have not read a book for months now. What about you? Do you still love music?
Answers:
Rhea : Yes, I love it too much even today.
Priya : What are you doing now a days.
Rhea : Now a days, I am preparing for my Medical exam.
Priya : After being a doctor, how will you serve the nation.
Rhea : I want to settle in the remote areas after being a doctor. I want to serve the poor people of our nation.

Let’s Read

Read the following passage carefully :

King Nanda of Magadh is holding court in his palace. He is surrounded by half a dozen courtiers who keep flattering him. They are listening to a musician.

Nanda : This fellow sings very well.
First Courtier : He is a talented singer, your highness! He has come from the far South to sing at your court.
Second courtier : The best men and women in Bharat come to this court.
Third courtier : That’s true. The best men and woman come to the best king.
Fourth courtier : The Court of Magadh is better than the court of Indra.
Nanda : I’m glad to hear that. I’m proud of you, my friends.
Courtiers : We’re proud of our king, we’re proud of Maharaj Ghana Nanda, the greatest of the Nandas. (The Chief Minister enters)
Chief Minister : Your highness. I’ve come about on urgent matter.
Nanda : Everything is urgent
for you. I don’t have any time for your urgent matters.
Courtiers : Minister Sir, His Highness is enjoying himself. Please don’t disturb him.

Now answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What is king Nanda doing in the court?
Answer:
He is holding court in his palace.

Question 2.
From where has the musician come?
Answer:
He has come from the far South.

Question 3.
Whose court is better than the court of Indra?
Answer:
The court of Magadh is better than the court of Indra.

Question 4.
What is the full name of the king?
Answer:
Maharaj Ghana Nanda.

Question 5.
Does the king like flattery?
Answer:
Yes, he likes flattery.

Question 6.
Why has the Chief Minister come to the court?
Answer:
He has come to the court taking an urgent matter.

Question 7.
Why does the courtier ask the Chief Minister not to disturb the king?
Answer:
They ask the Chief Minister not to disturb the king because he (king) is enjoying himself.

Question 8.
What is the moral of the story?
Answer:
One should give due importance to an urgent matter.

Let’s Write

(A) The following passage has not been edited three is an error in each line. Underline the error. Write the correct word in the space provided.
Polio is cause by three
different viruses. caused
Answer:

B. Now rewrite the passage that you have corrected.
Answer:
Polio is caused by three different viruses. A virus is a disease causing organism so small that it can pass through a filter which stops bacteria. A virus lives in a living cell. When polio virus enters the body, it travels by nerves and from the blood to the spinal cord and brain. There it grows in size in the gray matter of a spinal cord. When these nerve cells are swollen and sick, the muscles they control do not operate. They are paralysed. If the nerves recover, the muscles can move again. Otherwise they are paralysed forever.

The Sacrifice Word Meanings

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MP Board Class 8th Social Science Solutions Chapter 15 South America-Geographical Features

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 15 Text Book Exercise

Choose the correct option of the following.

Mp Board Class 8 Social Science Solution Chapter 15 Question 1.
What is the expanse of South America continent from North to South?
(a)6406 km
(b)6640 km
(c)4066 km
(d)6064 km
Answer:
(b)6640 km

Mp Board Class 8 Social Science Chapter 15 Question 2.
Which is the lightest wood of South America?
(a) Valsa
(b) Hivia
(c) Sincona
(d) Highwood
Answer:
(a) Valsa

Fill in the blanks:

1. The South America as per area is ……….. big continent.
2. Most of South America is in …………. zone.
3. …………. is the second longest river of the world.
4. ………….. is the highest peak of Andes Mountain.
5. …………. sea is in north of South America.

Answer:

1. fourth (1,75,40,000 square km.)
2. South Hemisphere
3. River Amazon (6280 km. long)
4. Akank Gua (6950 meters high)
5. Caribbean Sea.

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 15 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Class 8 Social Science Chapter 15 Question 1.
What is young fold mountain?
Answer:
The mountains made of the internal forces of earth by the pressure of opposite directions are called young folded mountains. The Andese mountain is the second highest mountain range after Himalayas in the history of making earth, this is called young folded mountain.

The South America As Per Area Is Big Continent Mp Board Question 2.
What do you mean by water divider?
Answer:
The highest mountain or plateau region where water of rivers flows in two opposite directions. The plateau of Guyana work as water divider between Amazon Basin and Orinoco Basin.

Class 8 Social Science Chapter 15 Question Answer Question 3.
What is Granchaco?
Answer:
In lower part of North Argentina and West Paraguay, there is a distinct dry period and the rain occurs mainly in summer. The region is covered with thick forest and grasslands and is locally known as the Granchaco.

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 15 Short Answer Type Questions

South America Geographical Features Class 8 Mp Board Question 1.
Write the latitude and longitude expansion of South America?
Answer:
The South America is in South North America. The South America is the fourth largest continent in the world. Its area is 1,75,40,000 square km. It links between 12° North latitude to 55° South latitude and 35° West longitude to 81° West longitude. This continent is 6640 m from north to south and 5,150 from west to east.

Question 2.
Write the names of major trees of Amazon Basin?
Answer:
The Selvas forests of Amazon basin, have trees of rubbers, hardwood, Hivia, Casttillao, Sinkona, Rosewood and date. The rubber is made from the milk of rubber tree, Cunana is made from Sinkona and wax from Kamova date trees.

Question 3.
Write the names of rivers of Laplata Basin?
Answer:
Urugay Rivers.

Question 4.
How Pantagonic became desert?
Answer:
The Pantagonic Plateau having no rains. Therefore, it is a dry desert and it is situated in rain shadow area.

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 15 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the climate of South America?
Answer:
Greater part of South America lies within the tropical zone. So the climate of the continent is usually hot and temperature remains high entire year. The Amazon basin being in equator circle has equatorial climate.

The conventional rains throughout the year here make the climate hot and humid. The most part here get 100 to 200 cm. rain, while few parts receive more than 200 cm. rain. The central part of continent, South Brazil, Paraguay and North Argentina’s low lands get rains in summer between 50 to 100 cm. and the winter is dry here.

South Peru and north Chile have hot and dry climate due to Atacama desert. There is scanty rain. Further south that is central Chile, has the Mediterranean type of climate, here winters are rainy and warm and dry summer. The climate of south Brazil is hot Mediterranean. Climate of Patagonia is dry because it lies in the rain shadow area of the Western mountains.

Question 2.
Mention the features of Andes Mountain range?
Answer:
Parallel to the Western Coastal plain belt their lies a long range of mountains and hills. This is the longest Andes Mountain range of the world. Its length is 7250 Km. The width of the Mountains is too much in the central region.

The Andes Mountain is the second highest mountain range after Himalayas in the history of making of earth. This is called young folded mountains. The Andes Mountain ranges have three ranges. In the east two ranges at same places come very close to each other and then get separated.

There are high plateaus among these ranges. The inland mountain plateau of Bolivia is very high. The Titikaka Lake is situated on this plateau. High peaks are always covered with snow all the year. The highest peak of Andes is Akanka Gua, 6950 meter high from sea level.

The most active Volcano Cotopaxi is situated on the mm height of Andes in Equadore. The mountain range always experience of Volcano eruptions, Amazon, Orinoko, Pilkomoia and Colorado rivers originate from Andes mountain.

Question 3.
Write a note on the vegetation and wildlife of South America?
Answer:
Amazon Basin which has hot and humid climate and carried rains is full of hot Mediterranean forests. This region is covered with equatorial rain forests known as SELVAS.

The Selvas forests have trees of rubber, hard wood, Hivia, Casttilloa, Sinkona, Rosewood and
Date. There are 2500 species of fishes in the rivers and 1500 species of birds. Galepagora turtle is found on the sea coasts. The Makra Monkey, Squirrel Monkey, the Anaconda Python, the marshy deer, Hippopotamus, Chimpanzee and Crocodiles are found here.

In the south of the Amazon forest lies the savana type long grass plains they are known as LANOS in the Orinoco river basin and Campos in North Argentina and Paraguay. There are devours ants, Puma and Jaguar animals.

Part of Southern Peru and northern Chile have hot and desert type climate. There are shrubs, cactus and prickly pear. In extreme south of Chile there is oceanic type of Climate. Grasslands are useful for cattle and sheep rearing.

Question 4.
In which physical divisions South America have been divided. Describe anyone.
Answer:
South America is divided into following three divisions:

1. The Western Coastal Strip
2. The Western Mountains
3. The Central Plains
4. The Eastern Highlands

1.The Western Coastal Strip:
Consists of a narrow strip of low and long the pacific coast in the western part of South America.

2.The Western Mountains:
There is a mountainous range called Andes along the western part of South America. They are the young fold mountains only next to Himalaya Mountains. They are three main ranges in the Andes. Eastern sides of this area have two high ranges.

Between these mountains some plateaus are found. The Bolivian is one of them. Lake Titicaco is also located here. It is one of the largest lake of South America. Mt. Aconcagua is the highest peak as higher as 7021 meters above sea level of Andes. Mt. Cotopaxi in Equator is volcanic mountain of this region.

3.The Central Plain:
The Central Plain is made up of the basins of the Orinoco, the Amazon and Plato rivers.Amazon river which 6280 kilometers long takes the greatest volume of water in the world.

4.The Eastern Highlands:
Consists of Guyana and Brazilians Highlands. The highest waterfall of the world called Angel Fall is located here in the south-eastern part of Venezuela.

Project Work:

Show the following in the outline map of South America –

1. Amdese Mountain Range, Cotopaxi,
2. Orinoco, Paraguay and Amazon rivers,
3. Plateaus of Brazil, Guyana and Bolivia,
4. Campos, Pampos, grasslands of Lanos,
5. Cape Horn and Cape San Deigo,
6. Caribbean Sea, Panama Canal,
7. Titical Lake, Angel Waterfall, Atakama and Pantogonia desert.

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Solutions Chapter 8 British Policies and Administration in India After 1858

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 8 Text Book Exercise

Choose the correct option of the following questions

Mp Board Class 8 Social Science Solution Chapter 8 Question 1.
The Proclamation of Queen Victoria were made in:
(a) 1757
(b) 3858
(c) 1957
(d) 1965
Answer:
(b) 3858

Mp Board Class 8 Social Science Chapter 8 Question 2.
The rule of India entrusted into hands of Queen of England.
(a) By 1858 Act
(b) By 1861 Act
(c) By 1865 Act
(d) By 1876 Act
Answer:
(a) By 1858 Act

British Policies And Administration In India After 1858 Question 3.
First Municipality in India was established:
(a) In 1865 at Madras
(b) In 1J867 in Bengal
(c) In 1868 in Uttar Pradesh
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(d) None of the above

Class 8 Social Science Chapter 8 Mp Board Question 5.
The head of Indian Secretariat was called:
(a) Indian Secretary
(b) Viceroy
(c) Governor General
(d) Secretary
Answer:
(a) Indian Secretary

Fill in the blanks:

1. To help Viceroy a members …………. council was formed.
2. The British economic policies were formed to protect the interests of …………..
3. In 1876 the minimum age for Civil Services was …………..
4. To implement Wood Proposals Lord Rippon constituted ………… Commission.

Answer:

1. Four
2. Britishers
3. 19
4. Hunter

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 8 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
By which Act Queen of England was made Empress of India.
Answer:
By Ordinance of 1858.

Question 2.
After 1858 how was the Governor General Addressed.
Answer:
The Governor General was addressed as Viceroy.

Question 3.
Who was called the father of local governance?
Answer:
Lord Rippon.

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 8 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the proclamation of Queen in short.
Answer:
The rule of the company was replaced by rule of the Crown. The Company territories were now governed by English government. Indian people and rulers got some rights and privileges.

Question 2.
What changes were made by 1861 Act.
Answer:
The Legislative Council was enlarged by the addition of 6 to 12 more members and also introduced provincial councils.

Question 3.
Describe the administrative division after 1858.
Answer:
It transferred power to British crown. A minister called the Secretary of State for India was made responsible for the government of India to the British Parliament. Viceroy replaced Governor General title.

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 8 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write about the decisions of 1858 Act.
Answer:
The decisions of 1858 Act are:
1. The control of India passed on completely to British Government. It was announced that India would be governed by and in the name of the British monarch through a Secretary of State.

2. Before 1858, there were two bodies in Britain which controlled the British policies in India, viz, the Board of Control and the Court of Directors of the East India Company. Now a minister of the British Government called the Secretary of State for India, was given complete control over the Government of India. Like other ministers of the British Government, he was responsible to the British Parliament.

3. To advise the Secretary of State, the Indian Council was created. This Council had no real powers and could only advise the Secretary of State who could ignore the advise of the Council at any time the liked.

4. Before 1858, the Governor General generally acted on his own within the framework of the general policies laid down in Britain. The advanced means of transport and communication reduced the freedom enjoyed by the earlier Governor Generals of India. Now, the Viceroy had to inform the latest developments of India to the Secretary of State thereafter he was to work according to his instructions and others.

Question 2.
Write short note on Army Organisation?
Answer:
Before 1858, the Presidencies of Bombay, Madras and Calcutta had their separate armies. Each Presidency consisted of the Indian soldiers, units of the European soldiers and the regiments of the British soldiers – the latter two were combined.

In 1859, the armies of the three Presidencies were unified and the entire army, of the British India came under the control of the commander – in – chief. The Indian soldiers were excluded from the artillery and the arsenals; The number of the European soldiers was increased. For every two Indian soldiers, one European soldier was recruited. All the officers in the army were to be the Europeans.

Question 3.
Give short Information about the local administration in brief.
Answer:
After 1857, the British government encouraged the local government units such as the municipalities and district boards. Thus, the system of administration was decentralized. The local bodies were given the tasks of providing education, health services, water supply, and the like to the people. Some important changes were made in the local government in 1882, the old system was broken down.

Matters like sanitation, roads, water supply and street lighting were neglected. After 1857, Municipal committees were set up in towns, they levied taxes to meet expenditure on local administration and works. After 1882, the district boards were set up but they consisted of only officials and not elected members. After 1882, the elected members were introduced but only with property were entitled to vote.

Question 4.
Evaluate the British economic policies in precise?
Answer:
British government reorganized the financial administration after 1858. The economic policies followed by Britishers drained the Indian resources and help the Britishers. The British government abolished the tax on Import and allowed free trade in India.

This lured lot of foreign companies to India and caused disastrous effect on Indian industries. The prominent industries that suffered due to the British financial policy were Jute, Indigo, Textiles, Woolen, Tea, Rubber, Coffee, Coal, Iron, and Steam ships. The financial policy of British government completely halted the progress of India.

Question 5.
Describe the British education policy.
Answer:
The British education policy was not for the welfare of Indians but was more for promoting Christian religion and imparting English education. Missionaries established in 1820 promoted English language. In 1854 Woods proposals suggested to promote English languages with other Indian languages.

There was proposal to train teachers and to provide financial grant to educational institutions on secular basis. In 1904 University Act was passed for affiliation of the University and to appoint professors. The 1919 Act entrusted the responsibility of education to provincial councils. The British education policy played a major role in motivating Indians towards nationality

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Solutions Chapter 17 National Movement 1885-1918

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 17 Text Book Exercise

Choose the correct option of the following.

Mp Board Class 8 Social Science Solution Chapter 17 Question 1.
Prominent leader of Extremist group was –
(a) Gopal Krishna Gokhle
(b) Bipin Chandra Pal
(c) Pt. Moti Lal Nehru
(d) Feroze Shah Mehta
Answer:
(b) Bipin Chandra Pal

Mp Board Class 8 Social Science Chapter 17 Question 2.
‘Swaraj is my birth right and I must have it,’ who said?
(a) Biomesh Chandra Banerjee
(b) Dadabhai Naoroji .
(c) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(d) Sardar Bhagat Singh
Answer:
(c) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Class 8 Social Science Chapter 17 Question 3.
Bengal was divided –
(a) By Lord Cornwallis
(b) By Lord Curzon
(c) By Lord Hastings
(d) By Lord William Bentick
Answer:
(b) By Lord Curzon

Class 8 Social Science Chapter 17 Question Answer Question 4.
Where Tilak was exiled in 1908 –
(a) Sri Lanka
(b) China
(c) Burma
(d) Rangoon
Answer:
(c) Burma

Fill in the blanks :

1.  In Calcutta Surrender Nath Banerjee …………. founded
2.  …………. played important role in the formation of Congress.
3.  …………. led a Muslim delegation to meet Viceroy Minto.
4.  Mahatma Gandhi was born at in ………… Gujarat State.
5.  Gandhiji developed a new method to fight against the oppression. It is called …………

Answer:

1. Indian Association
2. A.O.Hume
3. Aga Khan
4. Porbander
5. Satyagraha

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 17 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Mp Board Class 8 Science Chapter 17 Question 1.
Where first session of Congress was held?
Answer:
The first session of Congress was held at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay

Mp Board Class 8 Science Solution Chapter 17 Question 2.
Who was Viceroy during the partition of Bengal?
Answer:
Lord Curzon was the Viceroy during the partition of Bengal.

Mp Board Class 8 English Chapter 17 Question 3.
Who led the Champaran Movement?
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi led the Champaran Movement.

Question 4.
Write names of two leaders who played important role in the formation of Muslim League?
Answer:
Aga Khan and Nawab Sali Mullah from Dhaka played an important role in the formation of Muslim League.

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 17 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What festivals were used to arrows the people by Bal Gangadhar Tilak?
Answer:
Bal Gangadhar Tilak utilized the popular festivals like Ganpati and Shivaji to spread and to arrows political awakening among the people.

Question 2.
Write the reasons of Bengal partition?
Answer:
1. The partition of Bengal was done in 1905 during the regime of Lord Curzon. It came into effect on October, 16,1905.

2. The Governor- General did it to provide efficient administration. But his underneath motive was to divide the Hindus and the Muslims and weaken the nationalist movement.

Question 3.
Describe the objectives of Muslim League formation?
Answer:
The Muslim League was formed in 1906 at Dhaka. Its aims included the following:

1. To promote loyalty towards the government.
2. To protect and advance the interests the Muslims; and
3. To ensure that the Muslims did not develop feelings of hostility towards other communities in India.

As the Muslim League was formed on the basis of religion, it only encouraged communal politics.

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 17 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What were the early major demands of Congress? Explain?
Answer:
The main demands of the Indian National Congress during in first 20 years were as under:

More powers for the Legislative Councils.

• Election system to the membership of Councils be introduced.
• Creation of the Legislative Councils in the provinces where they did not exist.
• Recruiting of the Indians to higher posts in government offices.
• Holding of the Civil Services examinations in India also.
• education in land revenue.
• hang in the Government policies to help. grow the Indian industries.
• Reduction in heavy expenditure of government on administration and the army.
• Freedom of speech and expression.
• Expansion of welfare programmers.
• Promotion of education.

Question 2.
Write about the organisation pro to the formation of Congress.
Answer:
Keeping in view the regional and provincial needs in India many political an social organisations were founded before tilt Indian Congress was formed.

1. 1851 – British Indian Association in Calcutta
2. 1852 – Bombay Association in Bomba
3. 1852 – Madras Native Association in Madras

Most of the members of these bodies belonged to higher class in India. These Associations worked in their regions. Latest many organisations came into existence which gave more representation to the masses.

1. 1870 – Pune Public Meeting
2. 1876 – Indian Association
3. 1884 – Madras Mahajan Sabha
4. 1885- Bombay Presidency Association

The need to represent the view of people through an All India Organisation was being felt for years. Surendernath Banerjee took up effective steps towards it. He formed India Association in Calcutta.

He was the first India leader who organised the people from different parts of India in the month of Dec. 1883 in All India Seminar. He again invited a National Conference in 1885 in Calcutta.

Question 3.
Write about the rise of extremism in Congress?
Answer:
Towards the beginning of the 20th century, there had begun a new trend in the Indian Nationalist Congress. It was known as the extremist trend. The extremists believed that the Indians could not win their rights by merely doing appeals.

They had no faith in the good intentions of the British government. They taught the people to rely on their own strength and be prepared for any sacrifice. They instilled among the people love and pride for their country. Among the extremists, the names of Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala Lajpat Rai, Aurobindo Ghosh, Bankim Chandra are worth mentioning.

The rise and emergence of the extremist movement was a phenomenon of great importance. It arose as a result of numerous factors some of them can be stated as under:

1. Most of the young Congressmen did not believe in appeals, prayers and petitions as a policy of getting the demands of the Congress fulfilled. Hence, a new trend began which asked for the satisfaction of the demands as a master of right.

2. The influence of the world events in the rise of extremists was no less important. The defeat of Italy by Ethiopia and of Russia by Japan proved that the Europeans could not claim to be invincible. This created sense of pride among the Indians and inspired them to fight for Swaraj.

3. The partition of Bengal in 1905 and the Swadeshi and boycott movements which followed it were other factors which gave rise to extremism in India.

Question 4.
When Home Rule Moment was founded and how it left impact on Indian Politics?
Answer:
The ‘Home Rule’ movement was a movement which demanded introduction of ‘self-government’ in India’s Mrs. Annie Besant started this movement in Madras in 1916 while Tilak, in Bombay in the same year.

This movement left a great impact on Indian politics. Indian aimed at achieving the self- goveranance speaking on the significance of this movement Bipin Chandrapal wrote “The major achievement of the Home Rule Movement was the making of fierce fighters for the nationalist movement. This movement aroused the feelings of Indians to get self Govt, all over India.

Question 5.
Write about the role of Gandhiji in the movements of Champaran, Ahmedabad and Kheda.
Answer:
The main development in the nationalist movement during the First World War was the emergence of Mahatma Gandhi as a leader with his new method of struggle, that is Satyagraha. It was a non-violent method of fighting against oppression.

He launched his first satyagraha in Champaran in Bihar where excesses were being committed on the Indigo workers. In 1917, he went to Champaran and defied the Government order asking the officials, to leave the area.

Gandhiji’s satyagraha forced the Government to enquire into the excesses and to put an end to them. In 1918, Gandhiji led the textile workers of Ahmedabad who were demanding a wage rise. Gandhiji also led the peasants movement in Kaira in Gujarat where the peasants wanted suspension of land revenue collection.

These developments in the nationalist movement brought the peasants and workers in the mainstream of national movements and thus the movement became truly a mass movement.

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Solutions Chapter 7 Changing Outer Forces

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 7 Text Book Exercise

Choose the correct option of the following

Mp Board Class 8 Social Science Solution Chapter 7 Question 1.
By which process the materials of broken rocks assemble at its original place
(a) Weathering
(b) Transportation
(c) Erosion
(d) Deposition
Answer:
(a) Weathering

Mp Board Class 8 Social Science Chapter 7 Question 2.
Where among the following winds perform its work?
(a) In deserts
(b) In Mountains
(c) In coastal areas
(d) In plains
Answer:
(a) In deserts

Class 8 Social Science Chapter 7 Mp Board Question 3.
Which is vital factor that makes soil fer-tile?
(a) The original rock materials
(b) Humus
(c) Climate
(d) Man
Answer:
(b) Humus

Fill in the blanks:

1. When the rock breaks into pieces without chemical reaction is …………… weathering
2. The process of flattening of unleavened surface is called ………….
3. With the deposition …………. lake is formed.
4. On the  Orissa coast in India …………. is an example of lagoon-lake.

Answers:

1. Biological
2. Surface Balancing
3. Oxbow
4. Chilka Lake

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 7 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Mp Board Solution Class 8 Social Science Chapter 7 Question 1.
Which are the three works of river?
Answer:
Erosion, Transportation & Deposition are three works of river.

Mp Board Class 8 Science Chapter 7 Question 2.
Which are three stages of river?
Answer:
There are three stages of river, young, matured and old age.

Mp Board Class 8 Science Solution Chapter 7 Question 3.
What is estuary?
Answer:
Some of the rivers become wider at their meeting point with sea and sweep away into deep sea.

Social Science Class 8 Chapter 7 Question 4.
What is geyser?
Answer:
The underground hot water is thrown up in the form of fountain is called geyser.

Question 5.
How is the Yardage formed?
Answer:
Yardage is formed by wind erosion.

Question 6.
What is Lagoon?
Answer:
The sea water enclosed between the coast and sand bar is known as lagoon.

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 7 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the factors that help soil formation?
Answer:
The weathering and erosion process of rocks from the soil. The helping agents in soil formation are parent rocks, surface shape, climate & vegetation.

Question 2.
What is weathering? Write the names of different types of weathering?
Answer:
Weathering is the iocal process in which graduation and split of rocks occur at their original place. The types are physical, chemical and biological weathering.

Question 3.
Differentiate between slow and rapid wasting?
Answer:
The process of surface sliding by weathering is slow wasting and the process of filling up the holes is high wasting.

Question 4.
How the V – shaped valley is formed?
Answer:
The V – shaped valley is formed when river reaches its base level and widens its banks. V – Shaped Valley

Question 5.
What are Moraines? Write its types?
Answer:
When the glacier melts, it starts depositing the sediments in different parts of the valley. The land form made is Moraines. The types are Lateral, Medial and Terminal moraines.

Question 6.
What is underground water level?
Answer:
The water which collects on the ground goes in to under the ground is called underground water. Water reaches into ground through rivers, lakes and sea.

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 7 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Discuss the surface Balancing?
Answer:
The widening and flattening of the surface is called surface Balancing. Rivers, glaciers, wind, underground water and sea waves are the key agents of leveling. The Surface Balancing can be classified in to two categories.

1. Slow wasting
2. Rapid wasting.

1. Slow wasting:
The rapid erosion cycle shifts the rocks from its original place by rubbing, cut-ting & peeling to decrease the high elevated areas.

2. Rapid wasting:
The process of deposition of weathered materials in low-lying regions or holes is called aggravation and the weathered materials fill up the holes whose height kept on growing is called Rapid wasting.

Question 2.
What is soil erosion? Write its cause and ways to conserve soil?
Answer:
The natural forces or human activities which help in removing the layer of soil is called soil erosion. The causes of soil erosion are as follows:

• When the cover of vegetation is removed the upper layer of soil gets loose.
• Heavy rains and powerful wind remove the Soil content and layer.
• Overgrazing by domestic animals.
• Cutting trees and clearing forest cover.
• Excess use of fertilize & pesticide.

The measures to conserve soil are:

• To protect forest. Trees tighten the soil material.
• Tree plantation in river valleys, barren land and mountain slopes.
• Soil rehab of the land which becomes uneven due to water can be leveled to stop erosion.
• Controlled grazing.
• Flood control measures by building stop dams.
• Crop rotation by planting crops alter – neatly.

Question 3.
How wind erosion takes place? Mention about the land forms created by the wind?
Answer:
The wind erosion generally occurs in Desert areas where wind brings pebbles and sand particles with it. These particles make friction among themselves and scratch rocks. The work of erosion is done by transportation, collision and friction. Wind erosion is affected by the speed of wind, the size, quantity and height of particles, the structure and shape of rocks, and the climate. The land forms created by the wind erosion are sand dunes and Leos.

Sand Dunes:
When some obstacle comes in the path of the sand laden wind the deposition of sand forms a dune hill which has a crest.

Loess:
Fine particles of the sand are suspended in wind. They are carried over long distance and gets deposited as Loess.

Question 4.
What is glacier? Write about glacier types with example.
Answer:
A river of moving ice is called glacier. It creeps down a valley from a snowfield above the snow line. It moves under the influence of gravity. On the basis of origin and situation glaciers can be divided into two groups.

1. Continental glacier:
These are permanent sheets of ice and snow that covers extensive land surfaces. These exist in Greenland and Antarctica.

2. Valley glacier:
These are formed in high mountains and are usually long and narrow as they occupy valleys of former streams. The biggest valley glacier is Siachen glacier.

Question 5.
Describe the function of underground water with pictures?
Answer:
The writer which collects on the ground goes into under the ground is called underground water. Water reaches into ground through rivers, lakes, and sea. Ground water partly exists on the surface like waterfall, artesian well and geyser. Ground water balances the surface and several land forms are created through erosion and transportation. Ground water dilutes the limestone by rain water entering in causes erosion which is called Karts topography

The erosion work of ground water can be classified into two parts:

1. landscape or the surface
2. underground landscape.

The land forms created on the surface are lapses and sink hole. The underground land form includes caves, stalactites stalagmites.

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 Economic Development

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 11 Text Book Exercise

Choose the most suitable alternative:

Mp Board Class 8 Social Science Solution Chapter 11 Question 1.
In India the total percent of working people in agriculture is:
(a) 50 percent
(b) 60 percent
(c) 70 percent
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) 60 percent

Mp Board Class 8 Social Science Chapter 11 Question 2.
The total contribution of agriculture in. Indian G.D.P. is:
(a) 26 percent
(b) 36 percent
(c) 42 percent
(d) 100 percent
Answer:
(a) 26 percent

Describe The Major Economic Problems Class 8 Question 3.
The industrial development:
(a) lessens dependence on agriculture
(b) improves life style
(c) Both of the above
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) improves life style

Fill up the blanks:

1. India, Nepal, China, Pakistan are ……………. countries and Japan, Singapore, Britain and U.S. are …………. countries.
2. The industrial development brings ………….. for the country and citizens.
3. The modern iron and steel plant was set up ……………
4. The cotton cloths from India are exported to prominent countries …………..
5. The slow pace of economy increases ……………..

Answer:

1. developing, developed
2. Prosperity
3. At Porto-nova in Tamil Nadu in 1830
4. U.S., Britain, Russia, France, Eastern Countries of Europe, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka and African countries
5. Poverty.

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 11 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Class 8 Social Science Chapter 11 Economic Development Question 1.
What is poverty?
Answer:
Poverty is the inability to secure minimum requirements of life, health and efficiency. One is unable to get minimum requirements for life such as food, clothing, housing, education and health due to poverty. Poverty leaves bad effect on the life and health of man.

The Slow Pace Of Economy Increases Class 8 Question 2.
What is unemployment?
Answer:
Unemployment is a situation in which people are willing to work for income but they are unable to find work.

Class 8 Social Science Chapter 11 Question 3.
Which are mineral-based industries?
Answer:
The industries based on raw material like iron, steel, cement, chemicals are called mineral-based industry.

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 11 Short Answer Type Questions

Economic Development Class 8 Question 1.
How was our economy in ancient times?
Answer:
In the ancient times Indian economy was rich and developed. India was independent in economy. The industry of pottery, metal, buildings were in advanced stage during the Indus Valley Civilization. In the medieval time Indian silk was in so high demand that Roman people were ready to give gold equal to the weight of Indian silk, Indian trade of cotton, silk, cotton clothes and spices was on the peak and our economy was rich in ancient times.

The Slow Pace Of Economy Increases Answer Question 2.
What do you mean by small scale industry?
Answer:
Cottage and small scale industries is the traditional industry as it needs little money and goods are made by the family members. The farmers when they have no work they earn money by this industry. These industries produce various traditional products like baskets, small toys, bides, ropes, envelopes, papad, mats, bade, spices and weaving items etc.

Chapter 11 Social Science Class 8 Question 3.
What is sustainable agriculture?
Answer;
Most of the farmers in India still use traditional tools for farming. They cannot make use of refined seeds, fertilizers and pesticides due to’poor economy and it also affects production. Their food production is consumed by their family members.

Mp Board Class 8 Science Chapter 11 Question 4.
Write the names of Cottage industries.
Answer:
Some of the Cottage industries are:

• Small toys making
• Carpet weaving
• Papad making
• Basket making
• Bidi making
• Rope making
• Badi making
• Mat weaving
• Paper envelope making
• Spices preparing etc.

Social Science Class 8 Chapter 11 Question 5.
What is Gramin Rozgar Guarantee Programmer?
Answer:
The Central Government has passed the “Gramin Rozgar Guarantee Yojna” Bill, 2005. Under this bill a provision has been made to provide to one adult person of every family a 100 days job in the periphery of 5 Km near his residence. This scheme will be in force in 600 districts of the country by 2010.

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 11 Long Answer Type Questions

Mp Board Class 8 Chapter 11 Question 1.
How agriculture is helpful in economic growth?
Answer:
The whole country depends on agriculture for its food requirements. Through agriculture, we get cereals, vegetables and fruit; it also supplies raw materials to various industries. Many industries, in India, depend on agriculture for their raw material for example, jute, sugar, cotton, cotton textile. Good crops raise the farmer’s income. With increase of income, the farmers purchase various items of daily life manufactured in industry. Agriculture is the backbone of our economic growth.

Mp Board Class 8 Science Solution Chapter 11 Question 2.
Describe the mineral-based industry.
Answer:
Such industries based on raw material like iron, steel, cement, chemicals are called mineral-based industries. The first iron and steel plant was set up at Porto nova in Tamil Nadu in 1830. Modern Iron and Steel plant was set up in Jamshedpur in 1907. India has chemical industries under which fertilizers, artificial fibers, rubber, plastic goods, paints and medicines are made. Transport equipment like rail engine, motor cars, bus, truck, motorcycle, aeroplane and ships industries have been set up in India. These industries provide employments in large number to our people.

Question 3.
Describe the major economic problems.
Answer:
The major economic problems are:

1. Pulsation growth
2. Poverty
3. Unemployment
4. Price List
5. Corruption

1. Pulsation growth:
The rapid growth of population in India is the major problem in the development. In 1951 the population was 36 crore which increased to 102 crore by 2002. The main causes of population growth are poverty, illiteracy, desire to love boy to run family and child marriages. The population increase impedes in the economic growth of nation. This leaves impact oil the lifestyle of people, the expansion of food grains and industries are not possible at the rate of increase in population.

2. Poverty:
Poverty is a very complex problem and requirements include minimum needs in respect of food, clothing, housing, education and health. Poverty leaves bad effect on the life and health of man. The working capacity decreases and poverty continues. Some people are living below the poverty line. Poverty is an obstacle in economic growth.

3. Unemployment:
A person who is not gainfully employed is called an unemployed person. In other words, unemployment is a situation in which a person mentally and physically is willing to work for income but is
Project Work unable to find it. Even the educated and skilled persons are unemployed in our country. Its main cause is slow growth of our economy.

4. Price List:
The continuous and uncontrolled price rise leads the economy to crises and poor became poorer. The price rise increases economic inequality and poverty, with the sincere efforts of govt, and citizens the price rise could be brought under control.

5. Corruption:
To get own’s word done in favor people pay either money or other things to a person or any agency is called corruption. Stealing of taxation also corruption. The corruption creates economic inequality. All the above problems are obstacles in our rapid economic growth.

project work:
Fill in the given table with the prices of 10 goods used in your home.

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 Defence Systems of India

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 12 Text Book Exercise

Choose the correct option of the following.

MP Board Class 8 Social Science Solution Chapter 12 Question 1.
Where is the headquarters of south commands?
(a) Mumbai
(b) Kochi
(c) Visakhapatnam
(d) Bangalore
Answer:
(b) Kochi

MP Board Class 8 Social Science Chapter 12 Question 2.
Where is the headquarters of Army?
(a) Bangalore
(b) Mumbai
(c) Visakhapatnam
(d) New Delhi
Answer:
(d) New Delhi

Mention The Chief Works Of Air Force Question 3.
In which state Tarapur Atomic Center is located?
(a) Madhya Pradesh
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Tamil Nadu
(d) Karnataka.
Answer:
(b) Maharashtra

Fill up the blanks:

1. The head of Air Force is called ……………..
2. The post of wing commanders is in the ………….
3. The forces work …………. in peace time.
4. The atomic tests in India were done in …………..

Answer:

1. Air Chief Marshal
2. Air Force
3. Service and Community
4. 1974 and 1998.

 

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 12 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Mention The Chief Work Of Air Force Question 1.
Write the name of the head of Navy?
Answer:
The Chief of the Naval Staff and is an Admiral.

Mention The Water Borders Of India Class 8 Question 2.
Write the names of organs of Indian defence forces?
Answer:
Major organs of Indian defence forces are:

1. Army
2. Navy
3. Air force

Mention The Water Borders Of India Question 3.
Where the joint commands of three forces were set up in 2001?
Answer:
In 2001 a joint command of Army, Navy and Air force has been set up in Andaman and Nicobar Island.

Class 8 Social Science Chapter 12 Defence System Of India Question 4.
Why NCC was formed?
Answer:
National Cadet Corps was formed to develop among the students of the country a sense of discipline and an aptitude for defence.

 

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 12 Short Answer Type Questions

Class 8 Social Science Chapter 12 Question 1.
Write the names of important organs of the Army?
Answer:
The headquarters of the Army are in New Delhi. The Chief of the Army Staff heads the army and possesses, generally, the rank of the General. The numerous branches of the army are infantry, cavalry, artillery (Guns), supply, engineering and medical. There are five commands in the army. These are Central, Eastern, Western, Northern are Southern. Each command is headed by an officer with the rank of Lieutenant – General.

The Head Of Air Force Is Called Class 8 Question 2.
Mention the water borders of India?
Answer:
India is a subcontinent. The boundaries of India touch water from three sides. In the east lies Bay of Bengal, in the west Arabian Sea and in south Indian Ocean. Hence, an organised and powerful navy is must to safeguard the coastal areas.

Question 3.
Give the names of major missiles of India?
Answer:
The missiles are produced to strengthen the defence line of the country. Agni, Prithvi, Trishul, Nag, Akash and Brahmastra are the major missiles of India.

 

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 12 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write note on the role of defence force during peace.
Answer:
Besides defence of the country the defence forces perform many other services in peace time. These services include the relief work at the time of natural calamities such as floods, earthquakes and sea – storms. They have also assisted the United Nations in peacekeeping activities in different countries of the world. For example, our forces have rendered admirable services in Korea, Lebanon, the Congo, etc. recently we have sent India’s peace keeping forces to Sri Lanka. The IPKF is back in India.

Question 2.
Mention the chief works of Air Force.
Answer:
The Air force has vital role in the defence of country. The main work of Air force is to bombard the key and sensitive arm installations, to destroy transport system and communication of the attacking country. The Air Force helps in supplying arms and foods to the army. The Air Force keeps vigil on the borders of country in the sky. Indian Air Force is powerful enough to defend our country.

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Solutions