Prasanna

MP Board Class 6th Maths Solutions Chapter 8 दशमलव Ex 8.3

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 190

प्रश्न 1.
कौन-सी बड़ी है ? कारण भी लिखिए
(a) 0.3 या 0.4
(b) 0.07 या 0.02
(c) 3 या 0.8
(d) 0.5 या 0.05
(e) 1.23 या 1.2
(f) 0.099 या 0.19
(g) 1.5 या 1.50
(h) 1.431 या 1.490
(i) 3.3 या 3.300
(j) 5.64 या 5.603
(k) पाँच ऐसे ही उदाहरण लिखकर उनमें से बड़ी संख्या ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल :
(a) 0.3 = \(\frac { 3 }{ 10 }\) और 0.4 = \(\frac { 4 }{ 10 }\)
∵ 0.3 का दशांश स्थान का अंक (3) 0.4 के दशांश स्थान के अंक (4) से छोटा है। :
∴0.3 < 0.4 अर्थात् 0.4 > 0.3

(b) 0.07 = \(\frac { 7 }{ 100 }\) और 0.02 = \(\frac { 2 }{ 100 }\)
∵ 0.07 की शतांश स्थान का अंक (7) 0.02 के शतांश स्थान के अंक (2) से बड़ा है। (7 > 2)
∴ 0.07 > 0.02

(c) 3 = 3 + \(\frac { 0 }{ 10 }\) और 0.8 = 0 + \(\frac { 8 }{ 10 }\).
∵ 3 का पूर्ण भाग 0.8 से बड़ा है। (3 > 0)
∴ 3 > 0.8

(d)

∵ 0.5 का दशांश स्थान का अंक (5) 0.05 के दशांश स्थान के अंक (0) से बड़ा है। (5 > 0)
∴ 0.5 > 0.05

(e)

∵ 1.23 का शतांश स्थान का अंक (3) 1.2 के शतांश स्थान के अंक (0) से बड़ा है। (3 > 0)
∴ 1.23 > 1.2

(f)

∵ 0.099 का दशांश स्थान का अंक (0) 0.19 के दशांश के अंक (1) से छोटा है। (0 < 1)
∴ 0.099 < 0.19 अर्थात् 0.19 > 0.099

(g)

∵ इस स्थिति में दोनों संख्या ओं का भाग पूर्णतः समान है।
∴ दोनों संख्याएँ समान हैं।

(h)

∵ 1.431 का शतांश स्थान का अंक (3) 1.490 के शतांश स्थान के अंक (9) से छोटा है। (3 > 9)
∴ 1.431 < 1.490. अर्थात् 1.490 > 1.431

(i)

∵ इस स्थिति में दोनों संख्याओं का भाग पूर्णतः समान है।
∴ 3.3 और 3.300 समान हैं।

(j)

∵ 5.64 का शतांश स्थान का अंक (4) 5.603 के शतांश स्थान के अंक (0) से बड़ा है। (4 > 0)
∴ 5.64 > 5.603

(k) उदाहरण
(i) 1.08 या 1.082
(ii) 1.0 या 0.99
(iii) 13.55 या 13.5
(iv) 4.03 या 4.30
(v) 11.21 या 11.12
यहाँ,
(i) 1.082 > 1.08,
(ii) 1.0 > 0.99,
(iii) 13.55 > 13.5,
(iv) 4.30 > 4.03,
(v) 11.21 > 11.12.

प्रयास कीजिए .

प्रश्न 1.
(i) 2 रुपये 5 पैसे और 2 रुपये 50 पैसों को दशमलव में लिखिए।
(ii) 20 रुपये 7 पैसे और 21 रुपये 75 पैसों को दशमलव में लिखिए।
हल :
(i) 2 रुपये 5 पैसे = 2 रुपये + \(\frac { 5 }{ 100 }\) रुपये
= 2 रुपये + 0.05 रुपये
= 2.05 रुपये
2 रुपये 50 पैसे = 2 रुपये + \(\frac { 50 }{ 100 }\) रुपये
= 2 रुपये + 0.50 रुपये
= 2.50 रुपये

(ii) 20 रुपये 7 पैसे = 20 रुपये + \(\frac { 7 }{ 100 }\) रुपये
= 20 रुपये + 0.07 रुपये
= 20.07 रुपये
21 रुपये 75 पैसे = 21 रुपये + \(\frac { 75 }{ 100 }\) रुपये
= 21 रुपये + 0.75 रुपये
= 21.75 रुपये

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 191

प्रयास कीजिए

प्रश्न 1.
क्या 4 मिमी को दशमलव का प्रयोग कर सेमी में लिख सकते हैं?
हल :
हाँ, 4 मिमी = \(\frac { 4 }{ 10 }\) सेमी = 0.4 सेमी

प्रश्न 2.
7 सेमी 5 मिमी को दशमलव का प्रयोग कर सेमी में कैसे लिखेंगे?
हल :
7 सेमी 5 मिमी = 7 सेमी + \(\frac { 5 }{ 10 }\) सेमी
= 7 सेमी + 0.5 सेमी
= 7.5 सेमी

प्रश्न 3.
क्या अब आप 52 मी को दशमलव का प्रयोग कर किमी में लिख सकते हैं? दशमलव का प्रयोग कर 340 मीटर को किमी में कैसे लिखेंगे ? 2008 मी को किमी में कैसे लिखेंगे?
हल :

प्रयास कीजिए

प्रश्न 1.
क्या आप 456 ग्रा को दशमलव का प्रयोग कर किग्रा में लिख सकते हैं ?
हल :
हाँ 456 ग्रा = \(\frac { 456 }{ 1000 }\) किग्रा = 0.456 किग्रा

प्रश्न 2.
2 कि 9 ग्राम को दशमलव का प्रयोग कर किग्रा में कैसे लिख सकते हैं ?
हल :
2 कि 9 ग्राम = 2 किग्रा + 9 ग्राम
= 2 किग्रा + \(\frac { 9 }{ 1000 }\) किग्रा
= 2 किग्रा + 0.009 किग्रा
= 2.009 किग्रा

MP Board Class 6th Maths Solutions

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Solutions Chapter 15 Growth of Rural Economy

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 15 Text Book Questions

Choose the Correct Answer:

Question 1.
Who owns resources in a capitalistic economy?
(a) Government
(b) Both
(c) Individual
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(c) Individual

Question 2.
Which Mughal ruler did give priority to the construct canals to increase irrigation facilities?
(a) Mohammad Tughlaq
(b) Akbar
(b) Shahjailan
(d) Humayun.
Answer:
(a) Mohammad Tughlaq

Question 3.
Before the arrival of Britishers the rural economy was based on –
(a) Currency system
(b) Self-sufficiency
(b) Imports
(d) Exports.
Answer:
(b) Imports

Question 4.
The percentage of rural population India in the year 2001 was –
(a) 21.4
(b) 32.0
(c) 65.1
(d) 72.2.
Answer:
(d) 72.2.

Question 5.
When was land reform introduced in India?
(a) After independence
(b) Before the arrival of Britishers
(c) In vedic period
(d) In Mughal period.
Answer:
(d) In Mughal period.

Fill in the blank:

1. An …………… is a system by which people earn their living.
2. Now mainly ………….. crops are produced during a year.
3. The primary objective of farming was ……………. before the arrival of the Britishers.
4. The zamindari system was started by ………………

Answer:

1. economy
2. three
3. self sufficiency
4. Lord Cornwallis.

True or False:

1. The government decides a minimum support price for the sale of crops at reasonable price.
2. Villages got completely independent after the arrival of the British.
3. For the development of agriculture the small non-economic farms should be merged into one big farm.
4. Contribution of agriculture in the national income is increasing after independence.

Answer:

1. True
2. False
3. True
4. False

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 15 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the term ‘economy’.
Answer:
An economy is a system by which people earn their living and it comprises of the production units existing in that area. In other words we can say, an economy of a country includes shops, mines, banks, roads, schools, colleges, universities, hospitals etc. which provide employment to people and produce goods and services which is also used by the people of that place.

Question 2.
How were the village economies in India organised before the arrival of the Britishers?
Answer:
In ancient times majority of population resided in villages. In fact villages were a major unit of the economy. At that time villages were self-sufficient, prosperous and happy. The villagers fulfilled their needs through local resources only.

Question 3.
What is meant by self – sufficiency of villages?
Answer:
Self – sufficiency means that villagers fulfilled their needs through local resources only before the arrival of the British.

Question 4.
What were the main categories of working population of ancient villages?
Answer:
The main categories of working population of ancient villages were:

1. Farmers
2. Artisans
3. Village officer.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 15 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
State the structure of Indian rural working community before the arrival of the Britishers?
Answer:
There were three main components of the working population or community is before the terminal of Britishers Farmers, artisans and village officer.

Farmers:
The most important component of the rural economy was the fainer. The special feature was that every farmer in the village had his own house and share in the land. They were resourceful. Livelihood was the primary objective of farming.

Artisans:
Artisans included carpenters, blacksmiths, potters, goldsmiths, craftsmen, cobblers weavers etc. They fulfilled the needs of villagers in the village itself.

Village Officers:
The village officers were of three types:

1. Mead
2. Maal Gujar
3. Kotwal.

Question 2.
Why did the transfer of land – holding start after the arrival of the Britishers?
Answer:
We know that the Britishers made India their colony and ruled over our country for about 200 years. They exploited India  as well as Indians from every point of view. They adopted such policies due to which prosperous India had to face poverty and starvation. Farmers lost their prosperity.

They started meeting their requirements by taking loans due to widespread poverty. But due to the inability to repay loans the moneylenders started confiscating ‘ their land. Thus, the agricultural, land was transferred to the money- v lenders from farmers – As a result the farmers became landless.

Question 3.
Why did’ the Barter system of exchange prevail in India?
Answer:
Before the arrival of the British the villages were self – reliant and self – sufficient. They fulfilled their heeds through local  resources. Hence barter system of exchange prevailed in the ancient rural economy. The farmers obtained the required goods and services from artisans and moneylenders and gave them food – grains in exchange. All the payments for the services of pandit doctor, barber, washserman, were made in the forms of grains or other things.

Question 4.
What changes occurred in the structure of rural economy 1 after independence?
Answer:
Several changes occurred in the structure of rural economy after independence:

1. Structure of community on the basis of availability of land we can divide the farmers into four categories on the basis of ownership of land available to them big farmers, medium farmers, small farmers and landless farmers.
2. Multiple cropping Mainly three crops are produced during a year kharif, rabi and jayed.
3. Migration of population towards cities – The rural population is fleeing towards urban areas due to poverty, starvation, unemployment etc.
4. Rise of monetary system -Barter system is not in existence. Today currency is used everywhere.
5. Inadequate facilities of transport and communication In villages, most of the roads are kachha roads. In rainy season many villages are cut off with their nearby village areas.
6. Development of subsidiary and cottage industry.
7. Institutional changes.
8. Extension of education and health facilities in India.

Question 5.
Why did the population migrate from villages to cities?
Answer:
The Britishers exploited India as well as Indians from every point of view. They adopted such policies due to which prosperous villagers had to face poverty and starvation. They became prey to unemployment and lack of basic facilities. As a result they began to flee towards cities in pursuit of a better life.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 15 Long Answer Type Questions

Question l.
Write about the characteristics of ancient rural economy of India.
Answer:
Characteristics of ancient rural economy are given below:

Self – sufficiency:
Villages were self-reliant and self – sufficient. Self – sufficiency means that villagers fulfilled their needs through local resources only. It was possible because of two reasons. First the needs of villagers were limited and second there was lack of the means of transport and communication.

Barter System:
Barter system of exchange was prevalent in the ancient rural economy. The farmers obtained the required goods and services from artisans and money – lenders and gave them food – grains in exchange. All the payments for the services of pandit, doctor, barber, washer – man were made in the form of grains or other things.

Simple Division of Labor Economic activities were divided. The division of work was heredity or based on tradition as farming and animal husbandry, and on caste or in accordance to traditions blacksmith, goldsmith, carpenters, cobbler, barber, washer-man etc. This division of labor was absolutely simple. , Immobility of Labor It was a significant characteristic of ancient economy.

Due to lack of means of transport, caste system, problem of language and food habits, laborers used to stay in their villages. Generally ’they did not go out of their villages. Indifferent Attitude Towards State: The villagers were not interested in the activities of the state.

Question 2.
What efforts did the government take for the development of rural economy after independence?
Answer:
From the very beginning, Central Government and State Government have endeavored’ for the development of villages and village economy through five year plans and have achieved enough success. But, a lot of work is still to be accomplished.

The government emphasized on the public participation for the development programmers through self – help groups and Panchayati Raj institutions. The government efforts can be explained on the basis of the following points:

1. Land Reforms:
Through the abolition of Zamindari system, land ceiling, land consolidation and by bringing cultivable wasteland under cultivation uneconomic land holdings have been made profitable.

For restoration of land and to restrict its transfer in , rural areas, the government has distributed the wasteland and land obtained through ceiling of land holdings, and ‘Bhoodan’ among the farmers.

Crop insurance policy has also been introduced. The loan facilities has been provided for the modernization of agriculture  by establishing rural banks and government banks for the fulfillment of rural finance. The government decides a minimum support price for the sale of crops at reasonable price.

The facility for storage and marketing is also provided. Efforts have been made to connect all the villages through road network. An aim to connect rural areas throughout the year through roads under the Prime Minister road scheme of Central government has been made.

2. Housing, Cleanliness and Health:
The government has introduced Indira Awas Yojna in villages for healthy hopsing system ‘ in place of unhealthy housing system. The Central rural cleanliness programmer contributed a lot for the cleanliness of rural areas. It has some other aspects also to bring quality to life and to provide, dignity to women.

Attention is also being paid towards cleanliness. of drinking water and basic needs in schools. In villages awareness regarding food, health, and education is being spread through family welfare center and Aaganwadi Kendras. Television and Radio are also, playing an important role in this work.

3. Cottage and Small Scale Industries:
Cottage and small; scale industries play a significant role for the development of rural areas. The government is continuously making efforts to develop them in rural areas. Such as

(1) Government has established special institutions to solve the problems of these industries. All India Board of Handloom Industry, Indian Cottage Industry, Khadi Gramudhyog etc are examples of these type of institutions.

(2) Bhartiya Laghu Udhyog is established for financial help.

(3) The government departments give preference to these sector over Gather sector in making purchase of goods produced by small scale industries. Apart from this, fare, exhibition, temporary markets are arranged to promote their sale in foreign countries as well as our country.

(4) Training centers have been set up for technical assistance.

(5) Thus by providing various type of protection to these industries their competition with large industries has been ruled out.  In this manner through the efforts of government all efforts are being made for the upliftment of villages. The ideals of Mahatma Gandhi father of nation have been made the basis and efforts are being made for strengthening the rural economy.

Question 3.
How do cottage and small industries help in the development of rural economy of India? Explain.
Answer:
From the very beginning, Central Government and State Government have endeavored’ for the development of villages and village economy through five year plans and have achieved enough success. But, a lot of work is still to be accomplished.

The government emphasized on the public participation for the development programmers through self-help groups and Panchayati Raj institutions. The government efforts can be explained on the basis of the following points:

1. Land Reforms:
Through the abolition of Zamindari system, land ceiling, land consolidation and by bringing cultivable wasteland under cultivation uneconomic land holdings have been made profitable. For restoration of land and to restrict its transfer in , rural areas, the government has distributed the wasteland and land obtained through ceiling of land holdings, and ‘Bhoodan’ among the farmers.

Crop insurance policy has also been introduced. The loan facilities has been provided for the modernization of agriculture  by establishing rural banks and government banks for the fulfillment of rural finance. The government decides a minimum support price; for the sale of crops at reasonable price.

The facility for storage and marketing is also provided. Efforts have been made to connect all the villages through road network. An aim to connect rural areas throughout the year through roads under the Prime Minister road scheme of Central government has been made.

2. Housing, Cleanliness and Health:
The government has introduced Indira Awas Yojna in villages for healthy hopsing system ‘ in place of unhealthy housing system. The Central rural cleanliness programmer contributed a lot for the cleanliness of rural areas. It has some other aspects also to bring quality to life and to provide, dignity to women. Attention is also being paid towards cleanliness. of drinking water and basic needs in schools.

In villages awareness regarding food, health, and education is being spread through family welfare center and Aaganwadi Kendras. Television and Radio are also, playing an important role in this work.

3. Cottage and Small Scale Industries:
Cottage and small; scale industries play a significant role for the development of rural areas. The government is continuously making efforts to develop them in rural areas. Such as

(1) Government has established special institutions to solve the problems of these industries. All India Board of Hand-loom Industry, Indian Cottage Industry, Khadi Gramudhyog etc are examples of these type of institutions.

(2) Bhartiya Laghu Udhyog is established for financial help.

(3) The government departments give preference to these sector over Gather sector in making purchase of goods produced by small scale industries. Apart from this, fare, exhibition, temporary markets are arranged to promote their sale in foreign countries as well as our country.

(4) Training centers have been set up for technical assistance.

(5) Thus by providing various type of protection to these industries their competition with large industries has been ruled out.  In this manner through the efforts of government all efforts are being made for the upliftment of villages. The ideals of Mahatma Gandhi father of nation have been made the basis and efforts are being made for strengthening the rural economy.

Question 4.
Give a comparative study of rural and modern economy.
Answer:
A comparative study of rural and modern economy:

Thus at present villages and villagers both have developed sufficiently. Most important fact is the awareness among the villagers. As soon as they get the resources, they become active for the welfare of themselves and their families. They have knowledge and understanding of education, training, health, cleanliness and politics. Awareness leads to increase in involvement and co-operation of people which ensures the success of plans.

Question 5.
What are the characteristics of an ‘ideal village?’ Explain.
Answer:
The important heritage of a country is its land and the people residing is it. The spirit of India is in its villages. This is a country of villages. Today 72% of population resides in rural areas. But the condition of villages is not good. Village reform is essential to make the country a leading country. We will have to make our villages ideal villages. An ideal village should have the following characteristics:

1. Advanced Agricultural System:
For the development of agriculture the small non-economic farms should be merged into- one big farm. Consolidation of land should be adopted. Group farming, use of bio and chemical fertilizers to increase the quality of crop, use of high yielding variety seeds and modern facilities of irrigation should be in practice. There should be proper arrangements for storage of crops and sale of crops through cooperatives and government assistance.

2. Housing Facilities:
In villages there should be proper facilities of housing. The houses should be clean whether they are kuchcha or pucca and along with this there should be toilets arid bathrooms within the houses. There should be separate space for \ animals and a proper system of preparing bio-gas by collecting cow dung.

3. Drinking Water Facilities:
The wells, tanks and pucca well with steps should be renovated for clean and safe drinking water. Arrangements should be such that no villager can dump waste into it. Attention should be paid for raising underground water in villages. Thus in villages there should be arrangements for proper drinking water for villagers.

4. Health Facilities:
In every village, there should be primary health centers, as well as doctors and medicines so that the problems  of villagers can be solved at the village level itself. The villagers can avail the benefits of the government plans regarding health.

5. Education Facilities:
Efforts should be made to educate each and every child of the village. There should be awareness among villagers for education of girls. There should be provision of adult education in villages along with traditional education. Nutritive and clean mid-day meal should be provided.

6. Facilities of Transportation:
For proper facility of transport there should be roads in villages so that’ it can be connected with nearby villages, small towns and district headquarters. Roads should be such that they can be used in all seasons by all people.

7. Communication Facilities:
There should be proper provision for communication facilities; telephone, post offices, internet facilities should be available.

8. Awareness towards Energy and Environment:
There should be a provision of electricity for power in villages. If possible alternative energy should be used. There should be awareness among villagers towards their environment.

Such a system should be; developed by which the villagers use the refuse in a proper way, and if possible recycle it. Villagers should be active towards the; use of trees and plantation so» that greenery spreads in villages.

9. Industrial Development:
The agrobased industries should be developed in village for example dairy industry, poultry industry etc. Cottage industry should be developed in villages through which villagers can get employment in their own villages and their income can also be increased.

10. Administrative System:
We have a system of Panchayats in our villages. The members of Gram Panchayat. and Sarpanch should be aware and active for the development of villages so that the facilities of cleanliness, drinking water, health and security can be made available to villages. Administrative transparency should, be increased.

The employees of each office in which village secretariat, Panchayat Bhawan, Aaganwadi, Cooperative Societies and School buildings are included should be motivated to keep their offices clean. The name of buildings should be written permanently.

11. Facility of Finance:
The villagers mainly depend on local moneylenders for finance who often exploit them. In an ideal village, facilities of rural banks and co-operative banks should be provided, so that villagers may have facilities of finance. The saving habits in’ villagers can be increased by making them aware towards self-help groups.

Question 6.
Discuss the efforts which are needed to make a village self-sufficient and developed.
Answer:
The important heritage of a country is its land and the people residing is it. The spirit of India is in its villages. This is a country of villages. Today 72% of population resides in rural areas. But the condition of villages is not good. Village reform is essential to make the country a leading country. We will have to make our villages ideal villages. An ideal village should have the following characteristics:

1. Advanced Agricultural System:
For the development of agriculture the small non-economic farms should be merged into- one big farm. Consolidation of land should be adopted. Group farming, use of bio and chemical fertilizers to increase the quality of crop, use of high yielding variety seeds and modern facilities of irrigation should be in practice. There should be proper arrangements for storage of crops and sale of crops through cooperatives and government assistance.

2. Housing Facilities:
In villages there should be proper facilities of housing. The houses should be clean whether they are kuchcha or pucca and along with this there should be toilets arid bathrooms within the houses. There should be separate space for \ animals and a proper system of preparing biogas by collecting cow dung.

3. Drinking Water Facilities:
The wells, tanks and pucca well with steps should be renovated for clean and safe drinking water. Arrangements should be such that no villager can dump waste into it. Attention should be paid for raising underground water in villages. Thus in villages there should be arrangements for proper drinking water for villagers.

4. Health Facilities:
In every village, there should be primary health centers, as well as doctors and medicines so that the problems of villagers can be solved at the village level itself. The villagers can avail the benefits of the government plans regarding health.

5. Education Facilities:
Efforts should be made to educate each and every child of the village. There should be awareness among villagers for education of girls. There should be provision of adult education in villages along with traditional education.  Nutritive and clean mid-day meal should be provided.

6. Facilities of Transportation:
For proper facility of transport there should be roads in villages so that it can be connected with nearby villages, small towns and district headquarters. Roads should be such that they can be used in all seasons by all people.

7. Communication Facilities:
There should be proper provision for communication facilities; telephone, post offices, internet facilities should be available.

8. Awareness towards Energy and Environment:
There should be a provision of electricity for power in villages. If possible alternative energy should be used. There should be awareness among villagers towards their environment.

Such a system should be developed by which the villagers use the refuse in a proper way, and if possible recycle it. Villagers should be active towards the; use of trees and plantation so» that greenery spreads in villages.

9. Industrial Development:
The agrobased industries should be developed in village for example dairy industry, poultry ‘ industry etc. Cottage industry should be developed in villages  through which villagers can get employment in their own villages and their income can also be increased.

10. Administrative System:
We have a system of Panchayats in our villages. The members of Gram Panchayat. and Sarpanch should be aware and active for the development of villages so that the facilities of cleanliness, drinking water, health and security can be made available to villages. Administrative transparency should, be increased.

The employees of each office in which village secretariat, Panchayat Bhawan, Aaganwadi, Cooperative Societies and School buildings are included should be motivated to keep their offices clean. The name of buildings should be written permanently.

11. Facility of Finance:
The villagers mainly depend on local moneylenders for finance who often exploit them. In an ideal village, facilities of rural banks and co-operative banks should be provided, so that villagers may have facilities of finance. The saving habits in’ villagers can be increased by making them aware towards self-help groups.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 15 Other Important Questions

Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
Measurement of land was done by –
(a) Mohammad Tughlaq
(b) Sher Shah Suri
(c) Jehangr
(d) Shahjahan.
Answer:
(b) Sher Shah Suri

Question 2.
The working population in ancient time was divided into –
(a) Farmers and artisans
(b) Farmers, carpenters and landlords
(c) Farmers, artisans and village officer
(d) Farmer, landlord.
Answer:
(c) Farmers, artisans and village officer

Question 3.
The chief officer of the village was –
(a) Plead
(b) Maal Gujar
(c) Kotwal
(d) Panchayat.
Answer:
(a) Plead

Question 4.
The total population of India that resides in urban areas according to 2001 census is –
(a) 72.2%
(b) 27.8%
(c) 30.2%
(d) 19.2%.
Answer:
(b) 27.8%

Question 5.
Kharif crops are crops of –
(a) Winter season
(b) Summer season
(c) Rainy season
(d) Autumn season.
Answer:
(c) Rainy season

Fill in the blank:

1. ……………. controls the resources in socialistic economy.
2. India is an …………….. country.
3. Exchange of goods in called ………………
4. In Bengal the Zamindari system was introduced in 1793 by ………………
5. Small farmers own less than …………….. hectares of land.

Answer:

1. Government
2. agricultural
3. Barter system
4. Lord Cornwallis
5. 2.

True or False:

1. Before the arrival of Britishers, the rural economy was based on imports.
2. During Akbaris Srign Todarmal got the measurement of land done in an accurate manner.
3. In the ancient rural economy there was Bartor system.
4. Joyed is an annual crop.
5. India has 6,00,000 number of villages today.

Answer:

1. False
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. True.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 15 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why did Mohammad Tughlaq construct canals?
Answer:
Mohammad Tughlaq constructed canals to increase facilities of irrigation.

Question 2.
Mention the two categories of Indian economy.
Answer:
Rural economy and urban economy.

Question 3.
In which three parts can Indian rural economy be divided?
Answer:

• Rural economy before the arrival of the British.
• Rural economy after the arrival of British.
• Rural economy of Britisher after the independence.

Question 4.
Who were the artisans?
Answer:
Carpenters, blacksmiths, potters, goldsmiths, craftsmen, cobblers, weavers etc. were the artisans.

Question 5.
What did they do for the villagers? What did they get in return?
Answer:
They fulfilled the needs of villagers in the village itself. The remuneration of their work was paid in the form of grain  or commodities.

Question 6.
Who kept the record of land revenue?
Answer:
Maal Gujar kept the record of land revenue.

Question 7.
What do you mean by ‘Barter System’?
Answer:
Barter System of exchange was a system of exchange in which goods were exchanged directly with goods or services. Money  was not used in it.

Question 8.
What do you mean by ‘big farmers’?
Answer:
‘Big farmers’ means those farmers who own land up to 2 -10 hectares.

Question 9.
With which season is jayed crop associated?
Answer:
Jayed crop is associated with summer season.

Question 10.
Who are ‘small farmers’?
Answer:
‘Small farmers’ are those who own less than 2 hectares of land.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 15 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What were the characteristics of rural economy before the arrival of the British?
Answer:
Following were the characteristics of rural economy before the arrival of the British:

• Structure of rural working community
• Self-Sufficiency
• Barter System
• Simple division of labor
• Immobility of labor
• Lack of contact with the outer world.
• Indifferent attitude towards the state.

Question 2.
What were the three types of the village officers?
Answer:
The village officers were of three types:

1. Head:
He was the chief officer of the village and was liable to collect the rent from the farmers and then pay it to the ruler.

2. Maal Gujar:
He was the record keepers of land revenue.

3. Kotwal:
He informed about criminals and provided other important information to the ruler.

Question 3.
What changes were seen in the structure of economy after the arrival of Britishers?
Answer:
The Britishers affected agriculture and industry adverse and the nature of Indian economy also underwent a change. Following changes were – seen in the structure of the economy:

• Decline of workmanship and handicraft.
• Change in the structure of rural community
• End to self – sufficiency of villages.
• Transfer of agricultural land
• Backwardness of agriculture.

Question 4.
What are the characteristics of an ideal village?
Answer:
Village reform is essential to make the country a leading country. We will have to make our villagers ideal villages. In an ideal village agriculture, should be developed and there should be proper arrangement for education, health and housing. In the village there should be awareness towards cleanliness and complete use of available resources.

Thus, an ideal village should have the following characteristics:

• Advances agriculture system.
• Housing facilities
• Drinking water arrangement
• Health facilities
• Education facilities
• Facility of transport
• Facility of communication
• Awareness towards energy and environment
• Industrial development
• Administrative system
• Financial facilities.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 15 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe in detail the changes that were seen in the structure of Indian economy after the arrival of Britishers?
Answer:
We know that the Britishers made India their colony and ruled over our country for about 200 years. They exploited India as well as Indians from every point of view. They adopted such policies due to which prosperous India had to face poverty and starvation. It affected agriculture and industry adversely and the nature of Indian economy also underwent a change.

Following changes were seen in the structure of the economy:
Decline of Workmanship and Handicraft:
As a result of policies of the British the handicrafts man-ship in Indian villages declined. The artisans of the villages became unemployed. Prosperity and well-being of villages came to an end.

Changes in Structure of Rural Community:
The rural community which was divided into three parts farmers, artisans and village officer. This was now divided into several parts Zamindars, farmers, landlords, land – less farmers, cultivators, agricultural laborers etc. This division was an important reason of backwardness of agriculture.

End to Self – Sufficiency of Villages:
As a result of commercialization of agriculture the crops were transported and sold out of the villages and the required commodities were brought from outside to the villages. Thus, the self-sufficiency of villages ‘came to an end.

Transfer of Agriculture Land:
Farmers started meeting their requirements by taking loans due to widespread poverty. But due to the inability to repay loans the money – lenders started confiscating their land. Thus the agricultural land was transferred to the moneylenders from farmers. As a result the farmers became landless and homeless.

Backwardness of Agriculture:
The Zamindari system started by the English had a bad effect on farmers and farming. The farmers became poor and indebted. Neither the government nor the Zamindars showed interest in the improvement and productivity of land which resulted in the exploitation of farmers and farming.

Question 2.
What changes were observed in Indian rural economy after independence? Describe in detail.
Answer:
Even after half a century of India’s Independence 72.2 per cent of the total population of India resides in villages and only 27.8 per cent population resides in urban areas according to 2001 census. In the same way the number of villages is 6,38,588 while the number of cities is only 5,161. It means that out of 10 persons, 7 reside in villages. Today also India is a country of villages, and the economy is Agrobased.

\(\frac { 2}{3}\) ^rd population of the country directly or indirectly depends upon agriculture for their livelihood. But the contribution of agriculture to the gross product of the country is only 26 per cent. Rapid economic growth has taken place through the five year plans and the rural economy is also not left untouched due to this. The form of villages is changing the shape of villages. Several changes are observed in the rural economy. Of those, the chief are as following:

I. The structure of community On the basis of availability of land:
We can divide the farmers into four categories on the basis of ownership of land available to them –

• Big farmers – Who own land up to 2 – 10 hectares.
• Medium farmers – Who own 2 hectare or some more than 2 hectares of land.
• Small farmers – Who own less than 2 hectare of land.
• Landless farmers – Who do not own any land are tenant farmers or are agricultural laborers.

II. Multiple cropping:
Now mainly three corps are produced during a year. Kharif, Rabi and Jayed. Kharif crops are crops of rainy season which are harvested up to September – October. Jayed is crop of summer. Today apart from traditional crops cultivation of cash crops is also practiced for example farming of flower, oil-seeds etc.

1. Migration of Population towards cities:
The rural population is fleeing towards urban areas due to poverty, starvation, unemployment, lack of basic facilities etc. In 1951 out of the total population, the percentage of rural population was 82.7 per cent which came down to 72.2 per cent in 2001 whereas the population in 1951 was 173 which increased to 27.8 in 2001.

2. Rise of Monetary System:
The earlier system of barter  prevalent in villages is now almost extinct. Today currency is used  everywhere. In the rural areas also money as a medium of exchange is used for buying and selling.

III. Inadequate Facilities of Transport and Communication:
Today a lot of efforts are being made to link all villages through means of transport and communication but most of the roads are Kachcha roads. Therefore in rainy season many villages are cut off with their nearby village areas. Rest of the year truck, bus, train, jeep, motorcycle and cycle are being used. At present villages are also linked by means of television and telephones.

IV. Development of Subsidiary and Cottage Industry:
After independence a lot of attention was paid towards the cottage and small scale industries to make them strong and developed. According to the availability of local raw material in each village cottage industries were developed which has increased employment opportunities and farmers are able to increase their income by working in their free time.

V. Institutional Changes:
Comparatively in very short span of time the farmers in the villages have started adopting new technology. Now pumps are being used instead of ‘Rahat’ for irrigation. The plough is substituted by furrow and bullock cart by truck and tractor trolley. The big machines are being used by big farmers. The use of thresher is very common today.

VI. Extension of Education and Health Facilities in India:
The modern villages are generally becoming aware towards education and health. The children of big farmers are acquiring higher education.

In all villages there are primary, middle and higher secondary schools. Girls have also started studying with boys in schools. Health facilities are also available in villages. Through the means of communication also, the villagers are becoming aware of their health.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 6th Maths Solutions Chapter 8 दशमलव Ex 8.2

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 187-188

प्रश्न 1.
पाठ्य-पुस्तक में दिये गये बाक्सों की सहायता से सारणी को पूरा कर दशमलव रूप में लिखिए :
हल :

प्रश्न 2.
स्थानीय मान सारणी को देखकर दशमलव रूप में लिखिए

हल:
(i) दशमलव रूप = 0 x 100 + 0 x 10 + 3 x 1 + 2 x \(\frac { 1 }{ 10 }\) + 5 x \(\frac { 1 }{ 100 }\) + 0 x \(\frac { 1 }{ 1000 }\)
= 0 + 0 + 3 + \(\frac { 2 }{ 10 }\) + \(\frac { 5 }{ 100 }\) + 0
= 3 + 0.2 + 0.05
= 3.25

(ii) दशमलव रूप = 1 x 100 + 0 x 10 + 2 x 1 + 6 x \(\frac { 1 }{ 10 }\) + 3 x \(\frac { 1 }{ 100 }\) + 0 x \(\frac { 1 }{ 1000 }\)
= 100 + 0 + 2 + \(\frac { 6 }{ 10 }\) + \(\frac { 3 }{ 100 }\) + 0.
= 102 + 0.6 + 0.03
= 102.63

(iii) दशमलव रूप = 0 x 100 + 3 x 10 + 0 x 1 + 0 x \(\frac { 1 }{ 10 }\) + 2 x \(\frac { 1 }{ 100 }\) + 5 x \(\frac { 1 }{ 1000 }\)
= 0 + 30 + 0 + 0 + \(\frac { 2 }{ 100 }\) + \(\frac { 5 }{ 1000 }\)
= 30 + 0.02 + 0.005
= 30.025

(iv) दशमलव रूप = 2 x 100 + 1 x 10 + 1 x 1 + 9 x \(\frac { 1 }{ 10 }\) + 0 x \(\frac { 1 }{ 100 }\) + 2 x \(\frac { 1 }{ 1000 }\)
= 200 + 10 + 1 + \(\frac { 9 }{ 10 }\) + 0 + \(\frac { 2 }{ 1000 }\)
= 211 + 0.9 + 0 + 0.002
= 211.902

(v) दशमलव रूप = 0 x 100 + 1 x 10 + 2 x 1 + \(\frac { 1 }{ 10 }\) + 4 x \(\frac { 1 }{ 100 }\) + 1 x \(\frac { 1 }{ 1000 }\)
= 0 + 10 + 2 + \(\frac { 2 }{ 10 }\) + \(\frac { 4 }{ 100 }\) + \(\frac { 1 }{ 1000 }\)
= 12 + 0.2 + 0.04 + 0.001
= 12.241

प्रश्न 3.
निम्न दशमलवों को स्थानीय मान सारणी बनाकर लिखिए
(a) 0.29
(b) 2.08
(c) 19.60
(d) 148.32
(e) 200.812
हल:

प्रश्न 4.
निम्न में से प्रत्येक को दशमलव रूप में लिखिए

हल :
(a) \(20+9+\frac{4}{10}+\frac{1}{100}\)
= 29 + 0.4 + 0.01
= 29.41

(b) \(137+\frac{5}{100}\)
= 137 + 0-05
= 137.05

(c) \(\frac{7}{10}+\frac{6}{100}+\frac{4}{1000}\)
= 0.7 + 0.06 + 0.004
= 0.764

(d) \(23+\frac{2}{10}+\frac{6}{1000}\)
= 23 + 0.2 + 0.006
= 23.206

(e) \(700+20+5+\frac{9}{100}\)
= 725 + 0.09
= 725.09

प्रश्न 5.
निम्न दशमलवों को शब्दों में लिखिए
(a) 0.03
(b) 1.20
(c) 108.56
(d) 0.032
(e) 5.008
हल :
(a) 0.03 → शून्य दशमलव शून्य तीन
(b) 1.20 → एक दशमलव दो शून्य
(c) 108.56 → एक सौ आठ दशमलव पाँच छः
(d) 0.032 → शून्य दशमलव शून्य तीन दो
(e) 5:008 → पाँच दशमलव शून्य शून्य आठ

प्रश्न 6.
संख्या रेखा के किन दो बिन्दुओं के बीच निम्न संख्याएँ स्थित हैं ?
(a) 0.06
(b) 0.45
(c) 0.19
(d) 0.66
(e) 0.92
(f) 0.57
हल :
(a) 0.06 स्थित है 0 और 0.1 के बीच में
(b) 0.45 स्थित है 0.4 और 0.5 के बीच में
(c) 0.19 स्थित है 0.1 और 0.2 के बीच में
(d) 0.66 स्थित है 0.6 और 0.7 के बीच में
(e) 0.92 स्थित है 0.9 और 1.0 के बीच में
(f) 0.57 स्थित है 0.5 और 0.6 के बीच में।

प्रश्न 7.
न्यूनतम रूप में भिन्न बनाकर लिखिए
(a) 0.60
(b) 0.05
(c) 0.75
(d) 0.18
(e) 0.25
(f) 0.125
(g) 0.066
हल :
(a) 0.60

(b) 0.05

(c) 0.75

(d) 0.18

(e) 0.25

(f) 0.125

(g) 0.066

MP Board Class 6th Maths Solutions

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Solutions Miscellaneous Questions 3

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Miscellaneous Questions 3 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who was the last ruler of the Mauryan Dyanasty?
Answer:
The last ruler of the Mauryan Dynasty was Brahdrath.

Question 2.
What is meant by Sangam Literature?
Answer:
Three literary councils were held in Madurai town. In the second council, two thousand poems were compiled into 8 books. These books are called the ‘Sangam Sahitya’. Sangam Sahitya is written in Tamil.

Question 3.
The Kings of which dynasty built the Rath temples of Mahabalipuram?
Answer:
Pallavas

Question 4.
Which God did Alwar worship?
Answer:
Vishnu.

Question 5.
Write the name of the famous king of the Chola Dynasty?
Answer:
Ader was the famous king of the Chola Dynasty.

Question 6.
Write the names of two rulers of the Pallava Dynasty?
Answer:
The famous rulers of the Pallavas Dynasty were Mahendra Varman – I, Narsingh Varman – I and Narsingh Varman – II.

Question 7.
Which kingdom was ruled by Pulkeshin – II?
Answer:
Pulakeshin – II was Harsha’s contemporary king who ruled over Vatapi in South India.

Question 8.
Who was Fa – Hien? In whose regin did he come to India?
Answer:
Fa – Hien was a Chinese traveller who came to India during the reign of Gupta. He wrote a vivid account of the administration of Gupta period.

Question 9.
What was the ancient name of Thailand?
Answer:
The ancient name of Thailand was Shyam.

Question 10.
Who is the Chief Executive officer of a Nagar Panchayat?
Answer:
The Chief Administrative officer of the Nagar Panchayat is the Chief Executive officer. His job is to take action on the decisions taken by the Nagar Panchayat.

Question 11.
What are the members of a Municipality called?
Answer:
Counsellars.

Question 12.
Write any two functions of the Zila Panchayat?
Answer:

1. The main function of the Zila Panchayat is to look after the working of the Janpad and Gram Panchayat.
2. It makes arrangements for the required finance for the Janpad and Gram Panchayat.
3. It coordinates the different government departments.
4. It also appoints people on certain posts.

Question 13.
What is the difference between civil and criminal cases?
Answer:
The civil cases are related to property and money disputes. These are heard in Civil Courts (Civil Judge).

Question 14.
Where is the high Court of Madhya Pradesh?
Answer:
Jabalpur.

Question 15.
Write the names of the two cities where the branches of the Madhya Pradesh High Court are situated?
Answer:
Indoreand Gwalior.

Question 16.
Write the difference between Rabi and Kharif corps?
Answer:
1. Kharif Crops:
These are sown in June and July. For example: Jowar (Sorghum), Maize, Urad, Moong, Soyabeen Groundnut etc. October and December. For example: Wheat, Gram, Barley, Sweetpeas, Mustard and Barseem etc.

2. Rabi Crops:
These are sown between October and December. For example: Wheat, Gram, Barley, Sweetpeas, Mustard and Barseem etc.

3. Summer Crops:
These are sown between February and March. For example: Water Melon, Bitter gourd, Snake gourd.

Question 17.
What do you understand by fibrous corps? Give examples?
Answer:
Cotton and jute are two crops which give fibres. The cotton plant grows well is the black soil of Deccan Plateau and it also gets enough sunlight. Cotton is produced in Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra while jute is produced in the delta of the Ganga in West Bengal.

Question 18.
What are the sources of power?
Answer:
The resources that generate energy are called sources of power. These are coal, mineral oil, natural gas, hydro – electricity, atomic minerals, etc.

Question 19.
Which route mainly connects India to the neighbouring countries?
Answer:
Sea routes.

Question 20.
What do you understand by harbours?
Answer:
A harbour is a place on the sea coast where ship carry goads and passengers from the harbours to other harbours.

Question 21.
What did Huen – Tsang write about India? Describe?
Answer:
Huen – Tsang was a Chinese traveller. He travelled in India for many years and then went back to China. According to Huen – Tsang Buddhist religion was popular in eastern India. He also visited Nalanda. The descriptions of Huen – Tsang show that people at the time of Harsha was happy and prosperous. The rich and the poor, all lived with religious tolerance and harmony. Some people took both the vegetarian and non vegetarian meals. People were hot tempered but honest. Death sentence was not given in the state of Harsha.

Question 22.
Write the names of the famous rulers of the Chola Dynasty?
Answer:
Ader was the famous king of the Chola Dynasty.

Question 23.
Write the names of the famous rulers of the Pallava Dynasty?
Answer:
The famous rulers of the Pallavas Dynasty were Mahendra Varman – I, Narsingh Varman – I and Narsingh Varman – II.

Question 24.
Who did Pulikeshin – II defeat?
Answer:
Narshing Varman-I defeated the Chalukya King Pulkeshin – II.

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Miscellaneous Questions 3 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the victories of Harsh – vardhan?
Answer:
Harshvardhana made Kannauj his capital and thus Thanesvara and Kannauj became one. Harsha conquered Punjab, Eastern Rajasthan, Assam and regions in the Gangetic valleys and annexed them to his kingdom. Harsha’s empire extended over Magadha, Eastern Bengal, Orissa, Gujarat, Saurashtra, Sindh and Malwa.

Question 2.
Write short notes on:

1. Relation of India with the Western Countries.
2. Relation of India with the Arabian Countries.
3. Relation of India with Centra, Asia.
4. Relation of India with china.

Answer:
1. The relation of India with Western Countries:
The excavation of Harappan civilisation has provided the in formation that India had trade and cultural relations with Mesopotamia since 3000 BC. Even before 600 BC India had relation with Arabs, Greeks and Romans. Relation were made with the Greeks after the invasion of Alexander. Megasthnese was the Greek ambassador in in the court of Chandra Gupta Maura.

The Historian Pleeny was very much upset due to the increase in the import of silk, cotton, jwellery and spices. The import of these goods caused a lot of Roman wealth reach India. The persons who came from abroad were called ‘Yavan’ in ‘Sangam Sahitya’. There was a habitation of Roman in Aricmendu in Tamil Nadu.

2. Relation of India with the Arabian Countries:
The relation of India with the Arabian Coipitries is quite old. The Arabs learnt the Indian numerical system and the decimal system from India. They called the Indian numerical system the Hindsa. The Europeans received this knowledge from the Arabs.

Therefore they call this numerical system Arabic. After the emergence of Islam, the Arabs captured the land route between India and Europe. Thus they became a link between India and Europe. In olden times Arabs came to India to study science. Mathematics, Astrology, Medicine, Philosophy and Literature.

3. Relation of India with Central (Middle):
The cities of Khotan, Kuchi, Caiso and Kashgar were situated in hilly areas. Therefore they were not in easy reach. But they had trade and cultural relations with each other. In Mahabharata Dhritrashtra’s wife was Gandhari. Gandhari was situated here. Now it is called Afganistan. Gandhar was the main centre fo Buddhism. The oldest statues of Buddha were made here. Emperor Ashoka had sent his preachers to Middle Asia also. Two records have been found here which prove this.

In the southern parts of Russia too we get the proofs of Indian civilisation. The excavation at Surkhan river and Dalverjin Tepe in the south of Ujbekistan gives information about the development of art during the Kushan period and the effect of the Indian culture on it.

4. India’s relation with China:
The Buddhist religion of India reached China during the period of Huan Dynasty (202 BC to 600 AD) Buddhism was preached at Khotan (a place between India and China). Buddhism spread in China from this place. The people of China had started coming to India from 2nd century B.C. for education and to get knowledge of Buddhism. Kashyap matang was the first person to the first translate the Buddhist religious books into Chinese. He had gone to China in 56 AD. Buddhism spread in 372 AD to Korea From China and from there it spread to Japan in 538 AD.

Amodhbajra was an Indian Buddhist writer who went the China in 8th century. Many Chinese scholars travelled in India. Fattien travelled in India during the reign of Chandragupta – II (405-411 AD) stayed in India for 6 years. The next traveller Huen – Sang came to India during the region of Harshavardhan.

Question 3.
What do you understand by the three – tier Panchayati Raj system? Describe the constitution of Gram Panchayat and Zila Panchayat?
Answer:
That part of the local self government which runs the administration of the rural areas is called Panchayati Raj. In the system, the villagers run their own affairs. Panchayati decides most of the village disputes. The Panchayati Raj System consists of Village Panchayat, Block Samiti and Zilla Panchayati. There are three institutions that work for the development of the rural areas. They are:
1. Gram Panchayat:
It works at the village level.

2. Janpad Panchayat:
All the Village Panchayats join together to form a Janpad Panchayat. These are formed at the Block level.

3. Zilla Panchayat:
The highest body in the three – tier Panchayti Raj system is the Zila Panchayat. It works at the district level. Therefore all the Janpad Panchayat of the district are under the Zilla Panchayat. The above three institutions of local government are called the Panchayati Raj.

Question 4.
Where and how is a Municipality constituted?
Answer:
The local bodies function with the help of income from the following sources:

1. Property tax on house, land etc.
2. Tax on trade and business.
3. Fees on water facilities.
4. Fees on electricity facilities.
5. Income and rent earned from the institutions, property like the buildings, markets, etc.
6. Grants from the state government.
7. Income from various kinds of fine on pets or stray animals etc.

Question 5.
Explain the constitution of a Municipal Corporation?
Answer:
The corporation is established in large cities. The head of a corporation is the Mahapaur or Mayor. He is elected by the members of the corporation. Besides the Mayor, a Deputy Mayor is also elected. The number of elected members is generally between fifty and one hundred fifty. They are elected for a term of five years on the basis of adult franchise. These representatives elected by the people, sometime elect special members called the Elderman.

Question 6.
State the divisions of India as per Neutral Vegetation and describe any one of them?
Answer:
The major forests of India are the following:

1. Tropical Evergreen or Rain Forests
2. Tropical Deciduous Forests or Monsoon Forests
3. Thorn Forests and Bushes
4. Mangrove Forests

Question 7.
Write short notes on:

1. Tropical Deciduous forests.
2. Mangrove forests.

Answer:
The major forests of India are the following:

1. Tropical Evergreen or Rain Forests
2. Tropical Deciduous Forests or Monsoon Forests
3. Thorn Forests and Bushes
4. Mangrove Forests

The major forests of India are the following:

1. Tropical Evergreen or Rain Forests
2. Tropical Deciduous Forests or Monsoon Forests
3. Thorn Forests and Bushes
4. Mangrove Forests

Question 8.
Describe the minerals found in India?
Answer:
The following minerals are found in India: Iron, magnese, copper, lead, mica, zinc, gold and bauxite etc.

Question 9.
Write the characteristics of the Indian Population?
Answer:
The main scheduled tribes lived in Madhya Pradesh are Bhil, Kir, Nehal, Bhaina, Bhumia, Gond, Korku, Baiga, and Sahariya, etc. The districts where the scheluded tribes live are Balaghat, Mandia, Dindori, Chhindware, Shahdol, Sindhi, Jhabua, Anuppur, Khandwa, Shivpuri, Dhar and Khargon.

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Miscellaneous Questions 3 Multiple Choice Questions 

Question 1.
The Shaka rulers made their capital?
(a) Delhi
(b) Ujjain
(c) Ajmer
(d) Bhopal
Answer:
(b) Ujjain

Question 2.
Who wrote “Harsha Charita”?
(a) Harsha vardhan
(b) Huen – Sang
(c) BanaBhatt
(d) Kalidasa
Answer:
(c) BanaBhatt

Question 3.
What was Bhukti?
(a) State
(b) District
(c) City
(d) Village
Answer:
(a) State

Question 4.
The painting in the caves of Bagh are the example of the paintings of which period?
(a) Kushana period
(b) Gupta period
(c) Harrappan period
(d) Vedic period
Answer:
(b) Gupta period

Question 5.
The senior most officer in a district is:
(a) District Superintendent of Police
(b) District Education Officer
(c) Collector
(d) District Project Officer
Answer:
(c) Collector

Question 6.
The first iron and steel factory in India was established at:
(a) Bhilai
(b) Rourkela
(c) Vishakapattanam
(d) Kulti
Answer:
(a) Bhilai

Question 7.
The first cement factory in India was established in:
(a) Madhya Pradesh
(b) Bihar
(c) Uttar Pradesh
(d) Tamilnadu
Answer:
(d) Tamilnadu

Question 8.
The rank of India in production of coal is:
(a) first
(b) third
(c) fifth
(d) second
Answer:
(c) fifth

Question 9.
Which is harbour?
(a) Chennai
(b) Delhi
(c) Bhopal
(d) Mahabaleshwar
Answer:
(a) Chennai

Question 10.
The number of zones in the Indian Railways are:
(a) 7
(b) 8
(c) 9
(d) 10
Answer:
(c) 9

Pick the odd one out:

1. Kushana, Naga, Cher, Kanva.
2. Meghdoot, Raghuvansha, Abhigyan Shakuntalam, Neetisar.
3. Jawa, Yuvadweep, Indonesia, Burma.
4. Chandragupta-I, Chandra Gupta-II, Raghvendra Gupta, Samudra Gupta.
5. Gram Panchayat, Rajya Panchayat, Zila Panchayat, Nagar Panchayat.
6. Sagaun, Sheesham, Coconut, Sal.
7. Accacia, babul, water plant, cactii.
8. Patato, sesame, mustard, groundnut.
9. Chennai, Bhopal, Kolkata, Mumbai.

Answer:

1. Chet
2. Neetisaar
3. Yavadweep
4. Raghvendra Gupta
5. Rajya Panchayat
6. Coconut
7. water plant
8. sesame
9. Bhopal

Fill in the blanks:

1. The last ruler of the Shung Dynesty was …………………..
2. The Arch gate of Sanchi Stupa was built in the period of ………………………
3. The title of Vikramaditya was given to ……………………
4. The period of ……………….. is called the golden period.
5.  ………………….. wrote Raghuvansha.
6. The Chinese traveller Huen – Sang visited India in the period of ………………….
7. Presently Nalanda is situated in the state of ………………….
8.  ……………….. first translated the Buddhist books in Chinese.
9. The founder of Christianity was …………………
10. In the ancient times Iran was called …………………..

Answer:

1. Brahdrath
2. Satvahana
3. Chandragupta – II
4. Gupta
5. Kalidasa
6. Harsha
7. Bihar
8. Kashyap Matang
9. Jesus
10. Black Copper

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 6th Maths Solutions Chapter 8 दशमलव Ex 8.1

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 181-183

प्रश्न 1.
पाठ्य-पुस्तक में दिये गये चित्रों के लिए दी गई सारणी में संख्याएँ लिखिए
हल :
(a) पाठ्य-पुस्तक में 3 टॉवर हैं प्रत्येक में 10 इकाई हैं, 4 ब्लॉक हैं (1 इकाई) और 2 छोटे भाग (प्रत्येक दशांश के बराबर है)।
(b) पाठ्य-पुस्तक में 1 सैकड़ा, 1 दहाई, 0 इकाई और 4 दशांश हैं।
सारणी –

प्रश्न 2.
निम्न दशमलव संख्याओं को स्थानीय मान सारणी में लिखिए
(a) 19.4
(b) 0.3
(c) 10.6
(d) 205.9
हल:

प्रश्न 3.
निम्न में से प्रत्येक को दशमलव रूप में लिखिए
(a) 7 दशांश
(b) 2 दहाई, 9 दशांश
(c) चौदह दशमलव छः
(d) एक सौ और 2 इकाई
(e) छः सौ दशमलव आठ।
हल :
(a) 7 दशांश = 7 x \(\frac { 1 }{ 10 }\) = 0.7
(b) 2 दहाई, 9 दशांश = 2 x 10 + 9 x \(\frac { 1 }{ 10 }\)
= 20 + \(\frac { 9 }{ 10 }\)
= 20 + 0.9
= 20.9
(c) चौदह दशमलव छः = 14.6
(d)एक सौ और 2 इकाई = 1 सौ + 0 दहाई + 2 इकाई + 0 दशांश
= 100 + 0 + 2 + 0.0
= 102.0
(e) छः सौ दशमलव आठ = 600.8

प्रश्न 4.
निम्न को दशमलव रूप में व्यक्त कीजिए


हल :

प्रश्न 5.
निम्न दशमलव संख्याओं को भिन्न के रूप में लिखकर न्यूनतम (सरलतम) रूप में बदलिए
(a) 0.6
(b) 2.5
(c) 1.0
(d) 3.8
(e) 13.7
(f) 21.2
(g) 6.4
हल :
(a) भिन्न = 0.6 = \(\frac { 6 }{ 10 }\)
सरलतम रूप = \(\frac{6 \div 2}{10 \div 2}=\frac{3}{5}\)

(b) भिन्न 2.5 = \(\frac { 25 }{ 10 }\)
सरलतम रूप = \(\frac{25 \div 5}{10 \div 5}=\frac{5}{2}\)

(c) भिन्न 1.0 = \(\frac { 10 }{ 10 }\) = 1
सरलतम रुप = \(\frac{10 \div 10}{10 \div 10}=\frac{1}{1}=1\)

(d) भिन्न = 3.8 = \(\frac { 38 }{ 10 }\)
सरलतम रूप = \(\frac{38 \div 2}{10 \div 2}=\frac{19}{5}\)

(e) भिन्न = 13.7 = \(\frac { 137 }{ 10 }\)
सरलतम रूप = \(\frac { 137 }{ 10 }\)

(f) भिन्न = 21.2 = \(\frac { 212 }{ 10 }\)
सरलतम रूप = \(\frac{212 \div 2}{10 \div 2}=\frac{106}{5}\)

(g) भिन्न = 6.4 = \(\frac { 64 }{ 10 }\)
सरलतम रूप = \(\frac{64 \div 2}{10 \div 2}=\frac{32}{5}\)

प्रश्न 6.
सेमी का प्रयोग कर निम्न को दशमलव रूप में बदलिए
(a) 2 मिमी
(b) 30 मिमी
(c) 116 मिमी
(d) 4 सेमी 2 मिमी
(e) 11 सेमी 52 मिमी
(f) 83 मिमी
हल :
(a) 2 मिमी = \(\frac { 2 }{ 10 }\) सेमी = 0.2 सेमी
(b) 30 मिमी = \(\frac { 30 }{ 10 }\) सेमी = 3.0 सेमी
(c) 116 मिमी = \(\frac { 116 }{ 10 }\) सेमी = 11.6 सेमी
(d) 4 सेमी 2 मिमी = 4 सेमी + \(\frac { 2 }{ 10 }\) सेमी
= 4 सेमी + 0.2 सेमी
= 4.2 सेमी
(e) 11 सेमी 52 मिमी = 11 सेमी + \(\frac { 52 }{ 10 }\) सेमी
= 11 सेमी + 5.2 सेमी
= 16.2 सेमी
(f) 83 मिमी = \(\frac { 80 }{ 10 }\) सेमी + \(\frac { 3 }{ 10 }\) सेमी
= 8 सेमी + 0.3 सेमी
= 8.3 सेमी

प्रश्न 7.
संख्या रेखा पर किन दो पूर्ण संख्याओं के बीच निम्न संख्याएँ स्थित हैं ? इनमें से कौन-सी पूर्ण संख्या दी हुई दशमलव संख्या के अधिक निकट है ?
(a) 0.8
(b) 5.1
(c) 2.6
(d) 6.4
(e) 9.0
(f) 4.9

हल :
(a) 0.8 संख्या 0 और 1 के बीच में स्थित है और 1, 0.8 के अधिक निकट है।
(b) 5.1 संख्या 5 और 6 के बीच में स्थित है और 5, 5.1 के अधिक निकट है।
(c) 2.6 संख्या 2 और 3 के बीच में स्थित है और 3, 2.6 के अधिक निकट है।
(d) 6.4 संख्या 6 और 7 के बीच में स्थित है और 6, 6.4 के अधिक निकट है।
(e) 9.0 स्वयं 9 पूर्ण संख्या है।
(f) 4.9 संख्या 4 और 5 के बीच में स्थित है और 5, – 4.9 के अधिक निकट है।

प्रश्न 8.
निम्न को संख्या रेखा पर दर्शाओ
(a) 0.2
(b) 1.9
(c) 1.1
(d) 2.5
हल :
संख्या रेखा

प्रश्न 9.
दी हुई संख्या रेखा स्थित A, B, C, D बिन्दुओं के लिए दशमलव संख्या लिखिए

हल :
A → 0.8,
B → 1.3,
C → 2.2,
D → 2.9.

प्रश्न 10.
(a) रमेश की कॉपी की लम्बाई 9 सेमी 5 मिमी है। सेमी में इसकी लम्बाई क्या होगी?
(b) चने के एक छोटे पौधे की लम्बाई 65 मिमी है। इसकी लम्बाई सेमी में व्यक्त कीजिए।
हल :
(a) रमेश की कॉपी की लम्बाई
= 9 सेमी 5 मिमी
= 9 सेमी + \(\frac { 5 }{ 10 }\) सेमी
= 9 सेमी + 0.5 सेमी
= 9.5 सेमी
अतः रमेश की कॉपी की लम्बाई = 9.5 सेमी

(b) चने के पौधे की लम्बाई = 65 मिमी = \(\frac { 65 }{ 10 }\) सेमी
= \(\frac { 60 }{ 10 }\) सेमी + \(\frac { 5 }{ 10 }\) सेमी
= 6.5 सेमी
अतः चने के पौधे की लम्बाई = 6.5 सेमी।

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 183

प्रश्न 1.
पाठ्य-पुस्तक में पृष्ठ संख्या 184 पर दी गई आकृतियों में यदि हम बड़े वर्ग के 8 वर्ग छायांकित करें, 15 वर्ग छायांकित करें, 50 वर्ग छायांकित करें, 92 वर्ग छायांकित करें तो वह पूरे वर्ग का कौन-सा भाग होगा ?
हल :

MP Board Class 6th Maths Solutions

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Solutions Chapter 28 The Population and Its Distribution in India

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Text Book Exercise Questions

Answer the following Questions

Question 1.
Question (a)
What are the characteristics of the Indian population? Describe one characteristic in detail.
Answer:
The characteristics of the Indian population are:

1. Disparity in occupation
2. Condition of the women population gender ratio
3. Composition of the population as per age
4. Literacy
5. Variety in urban and rural population
6. Culture difference

1. Disparity in Occupation:
There is disparity in occupation of the people in India. Two – thirds of the population still depends on agriculture. Only 10% of the total population is engaged in industry and other services. Thus only a little part of the population is engaged in commercial activity. It is the commercial activity which prepares useful commodities from raw material and increases their value. Thus, there is disparity in the occupation of the people.

2. Condition of the women population gender ratio:
The first and foremost component of gender statistics revealed by Census 2001, 532 million constituting 52 percent are males and 497 million constituting remaining 48 percent are females in the population. In sheer numbers, males outnumber females by 35 million in population.

3. Composition of the population as per age:
Age structure is one of the most important characteristics of population composition. Almost all population characteristics vary significantly with age. The usefulness of age data is more noticeable when it is cross classified by variables like marital status, literacy educational attainment, economic activity which vary with age in different patterns.

4. Literacy:
Literacy is one of the characteristic. Literacy means the ability to read and write.

5. Variety in urban and rural population:
The rural/urban unemployment rates show clear differences, ranging from an estimated 8.6 per cent in urban areas (1.8 million people), to 5.2 per cent in rural areas (260,000 people). The employment rate is higher and inactivity rate lower than the national average in rural areas.

6. Culture difference:
Cultural differences are the various beliefs, behaviors, languages, practices and expressions considered unique to members of a specific ethnicity, race or national origin.

Question (b)
Name the states of India which are thickly populated.
Answer:
West Bengal.

Question (c)
Describe the distribution of scheduled tribes in India.
Answer:
One – third of the Indian population belongs to the scheduled tribes. This means that a large part of the population still resides is far hilly and forest areas where the facilities of life are negligible. These people have their own culture and life styles.

The distribution of the tribal population is also uneven. The scheduled tribes in the different states of India can be divided into three major groups.

1. North – Eastern Area:
This is the most densely populated area. It consists of Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Assam, Meghalaya and Nagaland. The tribes that live there are Angami, Cargo, Bodo, Kuli, Naga, Mikir, Lusai, Khampa and Khasi etc.

2. Southern Area:
It consists of Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. The tribes that live here are Koddar, Kannikar, Karumba, Bhuralo, Nipyam, Toda, Durula, Chechu, Purwa, Muthuwan, Bhurali, Malkuswas and Nipyon, etc. The tribes that live in Andaman and Nicobar are Jarawa, Centali, Andman and Nicobare.

3. Central Area:
It consists of southern Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Bihar, Orissa, Chhatisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh. The tribe that live here are Korku, Gond, Korba, Maria, Jwang, Kol, Santhal, Uraon Birhor, Bhuiya, Khariya, Bhil and Munda, etc.

Question (d)
Which scheduled tribes live in Madhya Pradesh? Name any three.
Answer:
The main scheduled tribes lived in Madhya Pradesh are Bhil, Kir, Nehal, Bhaina, Bhumiya, Gond, Korku, Baiga, and Sahariya, etc.

The districts where the scheduled tribes live are Balaghat, Mandla, Dindori, Chhindwara, Shahdol, Sindhi, Jhabua, Anuppur, Khandwa, Shivpuri, Dhar and Khargon.

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:

(a) ……….. percentage of the Indian population lives in villages.
(b) The literacy rate of Madhya Pradesh is …………
(c) The proportion of male, female in the population is called ……….
(d) Two – thirds of the Indian population depends on ………..

Answer:

(a) 74.28
(b) 64.11%
(c) gender ratio
(d) agriculture

Question 3.
Match the following:

Answer:

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 6th Maths Solutions Chapter 8 दशमलव Intext Questions

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 179

प्रयास कीजिए

प्रश्न 1.
क्या आप निम्न को दशमलव रूप में लिख सकते हैं?

हल :
(i) 5 सैकड़ा + 3 दहाई + 8 इकाई + 1 दशांश
= 5 x 100 + 3 x 10 + 8 x 1 + 1 x \(\frac { 1 }{ 10 }\)
= 500 + 30 + 8 + \(\frac { 1 }{ 10 }\)
= 538 + 0.1
= 538.1

(ii) 2 सैकड़ा + 7 दहाई + 3 इकाई + 4 दशांश
= 2 x 100 + 7 x 10 + 3 x 1 + 4 x \(\frac { 1 }{ 10 }\)
= 200 + 70 + 3 + \(\frac { 4 }{ 10 }\)
= 273 + 0.4
= 273.4

(iii) 3 सैकड़ा + 5 दहाई + 4 इकाई + 6 दशांश
= 3 x 100 + 5 x 10 + 4 x 1 + 6 x \(\frac { 1 }{ 10 }\)
= 300 + 50 + 4 + 6 x \(\frac { 1 }{ 10 }\)
= 300 + 50 + 4 + \(\frac { 6 }{ 10 }\)
= 354 + 0.6
= 354.6

प्रश्न 2.
रवि और राजू की पेंसिलों की लम्बाइयों को दशमलव का प्रयोग कर सेमी में लिखें जबकि रवि की पेंसिल की लम्बाई 7 सेमी और 5 मिमी तथा राजू की पेंसिल की लम्बाई 8 सेमी 3 मिमी है। हल :
रवि की पेंसिल की लम्बाई = 7 सेमी और 5 मिमी
= 7 सेमी + \(\frac { 5 }{ 10 }\) सेमी
= 7 सेमी + 0.5 सेमी
= 7.5 सेमी
राजू की पेंसिल की लम्बाई = 8 सेमी और 3 मिमी
= 8 सेमी + \(\frac { 3 }{ 10 }\) सेमी
= 8 सेमी + 0.3 सेमी
= 8.3 सेमी

प्रश्न 3.
प्रश्न 1 के समरूप तीन अन्य उदाहरण बनायें और उन्हें हल करें।
उदाहरण

हल :
(i) 6 सैकड़ा + 3 दहाई + 8 इकाई + 3 दशांश
= 6 x 100 + 3 x 10 + 8 x 1 + 3 x \(\frac { 1 }{ 10 }\)
= 600 + 30 + 8 + \(\frac { 3 }{ 10 }\)
= 638 + 0.3
= 638.3

(ii) 4 सैकड़ा + 5 दहाई + 9 इकाई + 5 दशांश
= 4 x 100 + 5 x 10 + 9 x 1 + 5 x \(\frac { 1 }{ 10 }\)
= 400 + 50 + 9 + \(\frac { 5 }{ 10 }\)
= 459 + 0.5
= 459.5

(iii) 2 सैकड़ा + 7 दहाई + 1 इकाई + 4 दशांश
= 2 x 100 + 7 x 10 + 1 x 1 + 4 x \(\frac { 1 }{ 10 }\)
= 200 + 70 + 1 + \(\frac { 4 }{ 10 }\)
= 271 + 0.4
= 271.4

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 179

प्रश्न 1.
क्या अब आप 2.3 को संख्या रेखा पर दर्शा सकते हैं? जाँचिए कि 2.3 में कितनी इकाइयाँ और कितने दशांश हैं? संख्या रेखा पर यह कहाँ स्थित होगी?
हल :
संख्या रेखा

हाँ, हम 2.3 को संख्या रेखा पर दर्शा सकते हैं।
2.3 में 2 इकाई और 3 दशांश हैं। यह संख्या रेखा पर 2 और 3 के बीच बिन्दु A पर स्थित होगी।

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 181

प्रयास कीजिए

प्रश्न 1.
\(\frac{3}{2}, \frac{4}{5}, \frac{8}{5}\) को दशमलव रूप में लिखिए।
हल :

MP Board Class 6th Maths Solutions

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Solutions Chapter 13 Election

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 13 Text Book Questions

Choose the Correct Answer:

Question 1.
Out of these, who can be granted adult Franchise –
(a) Minor male and female
(b) Only male
(c) Adult male and female
(d) Only Female.
Answer:
(c) Adult male and female

Question 2.
Who does not have right to vote –
(a) Insane or mentally handicapped
(b) Minor age group
(c) Declared bankrupt by court
(d) All of the above.
Answer:
(d) All of the above.

Question 3.
In India, the election procedure is said to start after which of the following –
(a) After filing of nomination paper by candidate
(b) After notification of election
(c) After beginning of campaigning
(d) With organizing public meetings.
Answer:
(b) After notification of election

Fill in the blank:

1. In our country all citizens who have attained the age of …………… years have the right to vote.
2. When few parties to gather form a government, that is …………… called as government.
3. …………….. commission has been formed for registration and recognition of political parties.
4. The granting of the right to vote an adult citizen of the country without any discriminate is called ………………….

Answer:

1. 18
2. Coalition
3. Election
4. Universal Adult Franchise.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 13 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is meant by election? Write.
Answer:
Election is a process through which people of democratic countries elect their representatives for a fixed period of time.

Question 2.
What is franchise? Write.
Answer:
The granting of right to vote to an adult male or female of country without any discrimination, is called as franchise or universal adult franchise.

Question 3.
What are political parties? Write.
Answer:
Political parties are organised groups of citizens having similar ideology who are committed to their policies and programmers.

Question 4.
Who appoints the chief election commissioner?
Answer:
The president appoints the chief election commissioner.

Question 5.
In India, where is the office of the Election Commission situated?
Answer:
The office of Election commission is situated at Delhi.

Question 6.
What is coalition government?
Answer:
When there is no majority of single party then two or more parties unite to form the government. This type of government is called coalition government.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 13 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is known as National Political Parties? Write.
Answer:
National political parties are formed at national level. The party symbol of such parties remains identical in the whole country. Although a party is a national party but it does not mean that it will have equal popularity in every state. The influence of national parties varies from state to state.

To be recognized as a national political parties, any one of the following conditions should be fulfilled. Any political party which obtains at least 6% in the election of parliament or legislative or if any political parties obtains at least 2 per cent of total seats of the parliament and this place should be minimum in three states.

Question 2.
Write about the characteristics of political parties.
Answer:
Characteristics of political parties are as following:

• To maintain clear identity.
• To opine clearly regarding policy matters.
• To obtain continuously public opinion in support of its policy.
• Registration in election commission.
• United by govern by one regulation.
• Main aim to win election for obtaining power.
• To create public opinion against anti-public policies by keeping an eye on ruling party.
• An election symbol for identity.

Question 3.
What is mid – term election?
Answer:
It the Lok Sabha or State Legislative Assembly are dissolved before their tenure is over, then the elections which take place are mid – term election. Mid – term elections are held due to the failure of any party to form the majority government.

Question 4.
Write about the main functions of Election Commission.
Answer:
The main functions of Election Commission are:

• Delimitation of the constituencies.
• Preparation of electoral rolls.
• Allotment of election symbols.
• Registration and recognition of political parties.
• Holding election.
• Give opinion for fixation of dualities of member of parliament and legislature.
• Preparation and implementation of moral code of conduct.
• Miscellaneous functions.

Question 5.
What is an electoral roll? Write its uses.
Answer:
Electoral roll is the list of citizens who are eligible to vote. This is prepared by the Election Commission before elections. Preparation of electrical roll is the most important stage of election. Without it elections can’t be held.

Question 6.
Write four functions of political parties.
Answer:
Political parties have many important functions is democracy. Four of them are given below:

• They work as a bridge between Government and public.
• They form public opinion in favor of national interest.
• They make efforts to control the arbitrariness of the ruling party.
• The main function of political parties is to get victory in elections and to form government.

Question 7.
Write four characteristics of political parties.
Answer:
Different political parties are essential for. parliamentary type of democracy. Political parties are organized group of citizens having similar ideology. They are committed to their policies and programmers. They work is form of power and they are always attempting to gain power and continue it. There are some general characteristics of political parties.

Four of them are:

• To maintain clear identity.
• To obtain continuously public opinion to support its policies
• To create public opinion against anti – public policies by keeping an eye on ruling party.
• An election symbol for identity.

Question 8.
Describe the role of the opposition party.
Answer:
The parties which are not in government are called parties of the opposition. Opposition parties have an important role to play in a democracy. They protect the rights of citizens in restricting the anti – people activities of government. Thus, existence of opposition is necessary to correct the wrong. One of the most important functions of the opposition is to criticize the government.

The opposition exposes the anti – people activities of the government. The opposition also provides the political alternative. In case the government some time fails to continue its rule owing to the different reasons, the opposition is given an opportunity to prove their majority and form the government. The opposition parties also play an important role in the formation of public opinion.

In fact, opposition makes democracy real and effective. The opposition parties play an important role in the working of the democratic setup. Opposition may delay legislation by opposing it in the parliament or by creating the public opinion against it. It is however important to not that opposition parties do help in making laws.

Question 9.
Write the function of Election Commission.
Answer:
The main functions of Election Commission are:

• Delimitation of the constituencies.
• Preparation of electoral rolls.
• Allotment of election symbols.
• Registration and recognition of political parties.
• Holding election.
• Give opinion for fixation of dualities of member of parliament and legislature.
• Preparation and implementation of moral code of conduct.
• Miscellaneous functions.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 13 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the type of political parties on the basis of the number of political parties.
Answer:
In any country, on the basis of number of political parties the party system is divided into three categories.

1. Single Party System:
It in a country where there is only one political party then it is called single – party system. In the constitution of the countries having single – party system generally describes that political party for example, them is single party is recognized, existence of other ideologists are restricted.

2. Bi – party System:
In a country if only two main parties exist and the ruling power shifts between these two parties only, then this system is called Bi – party system. For example in America the main two parties are democratic and republican parties, and in Britain Labor and Conservative Parties. Thus the bi – party system is prevalent in United States of America and Britain.

3. Multiparty System:
When in a country several political parties exist then it is called multi – party system. We have multiparty system in our country. In election majority of one party is not necessary. When there is no majority of single party then coalition government is formed in the country or state. Two or more parties are united in a collation government.

The main demerit of multi – party system is changing of party. During election several types of problems arise. In this system it becomes very difficult to differentiate between the policies of different political parties. Number of individual parties increases in the multiple party system. Due to political ambitions, begins the formation of new parties and breaking of political parties.

Question 2.
What is the political party system? Explain its importance.
Answer:
Different political parties are essential for parliamentary type of democracy. Political parties are organised groups of citizens having similar ideology. They are committed to their policies and programmers. They work in form of power and they are always attempting to gain power and continue it. There are some general characteristics of political parties.

The importance of political parties in democracy can be explained in the following way:

• Formation and expression of public opinion is possible only through political parties. The political parties organised processions and conferences for the formation of public opinion.
• Today adult franchise is adopted by all countries of the world. Parties nominate their candidates from their parties and campaign for them.
• Today in the huge democratic ruling system, opposition parties are essential minorities or opposite parties have equal importance in democracy like parties with majority.

Question 3.
Explain the major demerits of the Indian Election procedure.
Answer:
The future of the democracy depends upon the unbiasedness of elections and independent voting i.e. without any inducement and pressure. The Election Commission makes efforts for an unbiased and independent election even then there are some problems. Following are the main defects of our electoral system

1. Lack of Complete Participation of Voting:
The aim of universal Adult Franchise is to make every citizen participate in the government indirectly. We have seen that a large number of voters do not exercise their right to vote in the parliamentary and state legislative elections. Therefore the elected candidate getting maximum votes does not represent the public. Therefore participation of all citizens in franchise is desirable.

2. Use of Money in Elections:
The increasing expenses in elections is a big problem. For every election ceiling on election expenses is fixed but a lot of money is spent by the candidates. Therefore sometimes due to lack of money honest and wise person are not able to contest the election. Tire use of money in elections is an immoral act on the part a person, which is a very serious problem from the point of view of reformation in election system.

3. Influence of Muscle Power in Elections:
Sometimes the candidates try to win the election by any type of means. For this they take help of criminals also. Often with the use of muscle power, booth capturing is restored to and voters are made to vote in one’s favor by threatening them or illegal voting is exercised.

4. Misuse of Government Machinery:
Before the time of election charming promises being done by the ruling party. During the elections, high officials are transferred and government, money ‘and vehicles and other means are misused. They also try to influence the election officers. All these influence the unbiasedness of elections.

5. Number of Independent Candidates:
Sometimes there are too many numbers of candidates in the elections. This creates problems to the election management. Thus too many independent candidates enter the election area and confuse the voters.

6. To Influence the Sentiments of the Voters:
At the time of election some candidates try to influence the sentiments of the voters on the basis of religion, caste, region and language. Political parties select their candidates on the basis of caste. The biggest defect of the Indian election system is to influence the election by provoking the sentiments of the public.

7. Hypothetical Franchise:
Sometimes some persons vote in place of other persons, to include ones name in more than one electoral roll, casting of vote without the inclusion of his name in the electoral roll etc. all are hypothetical franchise. This is also a big problem of our election system.

8. Other Defects:
The name of the citizen should compulsorily be included in the electoral roll to vote for a candidate in an election. We often see that several names of the voters are not included in the electoral roll while the names of persons who have left that constituency or have expired are not deleted from the electoral rolls. The political parties do not originate awareness among the people.

Too many numbers of voters on one voting booth is also a cause of problem. Sometimes one candidate contest from more than one constituency. If he wins in both the constituencies then he resigns from one constituency- In that condition bi – elections takes place. The government money as well as the money of the candidates is again used, it is surely extravagancy.

In our country the Election Commission is continuously trying for free and impartial election. The Election Commission makes efforts to remove the defects of elections. The identity card system of the voters are the gift of the Election Commission. Continuous efforts are being made to remove the defects of our election system.

Question 4.
Write about the Indian election procedure.
Answer:
Election is an important task. It is done through a specific procedure. You are the future citizen of India therefore its necessary for you to know about it. The election procedure is same weather it is general election, mid-term election or bi-election. The whole procedure of election can be complied in the following way:

1. Preparation of Electoral Rolls:
This is the first and the most important stage of election. Before each and every election electoral rolls are prepared by District Election Officer as per the directions of Election Commission. Any Indian citizen who is 18 years of age can get his name included in this. Voters Identity Cards are also prepared by the district election officer. In the absence of voters identity card the citizens have to bring other documents for their identity.

2. Notification of Election:
Every election procedure begins with notification of election. Notification of general, mid-term or bi-election to parliament is issued by the President, notification to State Legislative Assembly is issued by the Governor.

After the deliberation with the Election Commission the notification is published in the Government Gazette. After issuing the election notification the Election Commission announces the election programmer. Along with this the moral code is enforced for the political parties.

3. Nomination for Election:
Different political parties decide the names of their candidate for participation in the election. The candidates who want to fight election file their nomination papers and deposit them in front of the election officer. After the scrutiny of. the nomination papers the list of nominees is announced on a fixed date. Within a fixed period any candidate can withdraw his name. The final list of nominees is issued after the time for withdrawal of name expires.

4. Election Symbols:
The election symbol of each recognized party is already fixed. The election symbol of their part)’ is allotted to the concerning candidate. At the time of election, the election symbol of candidate is printed on ballot papers, against his name. In India, a large number of voters are illiterate, therefore the election symbols are helpful for the identification of the candidate.

5. Election Campaign:
Election campaign is an important aspect of the voting procedure. Each candidate presents his party’s programmer on election manifesto regarding the work which will be done by his party in the coming five years, before the people and try to get favor of the voters in different ways.

The political parties issue their election manifesto which consists of their programmer and policies. Public meetings and rallies are arranged. Newspapers, posters, banners, pamphlets are used for canvassing. Now time is given to political parties on radio and television also. Canvassing is stopped forty-eight hours before the polling.

6. Polling:
Each constituency is divided into many polling centers. The polling centers are fixed for each voter, where he casts his vote on the day of polling. An identity card bearing the photograph of the voter is issued to each voter for his identity. This is known as identity card of the voter. The voters’ who do not possess their identity card, can prove their identity through his ration card, driving licence or any document related to his identity.

On a poling booth a presiding officer and polling officers are appointed as per the requirement. On the day of polling voters come and line up in a queue. Before casting of vote the voter’s identity is verified then the voter who has come to cast his vote has to append his signature / thumb impression on the voters’ list. If electronic voting machine is used then the voter appends his signature or thumb impression on the counterfoil of the ballot. After the marking of indelible ink he can cast his vote.

Voting can be done in two ways:

• by Electronic Voting Machine
• Old Ballot System.

To keep the vote confidential two or more polling booths are made at every polling center, where electronic voting machine or ballot box is kept. In electronic voting machine, the vote is cast by pressing the button in front of the name of the candidate and its corresponding election symbol. In the ballot paper voting system, a ballot paper with the signature of election officer is given to the voters.

The voter goes to the polling room with that, ballot paper and puts tire seal on the symbol of the desired candidate. The ballot paper is folded and put in the ballot box. After the period of voting is over, the electronic voting machine is closed and sealed. After the ballot box are used, these are closed first, then through the special paper seal obtained along with the voting material, these boxes are sealed.

7. Counting:
All ballot boxes and electronic voting machines are collected on a fixed date. Counting takes place in front of district election officer. The candidate who attains maximum number of votes is declared elected. The elected candidate is the representative of his area. After the result of election are declared the elected candidate gets a certificate of winning the election through the district election officer.

Question 5.
Describe the importance and functions of political parties.
Answer:
Importance of Political Parties The party system makes democratic rule possible. In modern age the work of government is done with the help of political parties. They help government make policies. Also by their help it becomes easier to bring changes in the polices.’Due to party system, the government becomes welfare eaten and works in the interest of people.

They stop arbitrariness of government. The desires and expectations of public reach the government through them. They impart political education to people. Everybody gets an opportunity to become a part of government through these parties. Political parities protect the independence of citizens. They establish unity of nation.

The importance of political parties in democracy can be explained in the following way:
1. Formation and expression of public opinion is possible only through political parties. The political parties organised processions and conferences for the formation of public opinion.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 8th Maths Solutions Chapter 13 सीधा और प्रतिलोम समानुपात Intext Questions

MP Board Class 8th Maths Chapter 13 पाठान्तर्गत प्रश्नोत्तर

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 209

भूमिका

प्रश्न 1.
मोहन स्वयं अपने और अपनी बहन के लिए चाय बनाता है। वह 300 mL पानी, 2 चम्मच चीनी, 1 चम्मच चाय पत्ती और 50 mL दूध का उपयोग करता है। यदि वह पाँच व्यक्तियों के लिए चाय बनाए, तो उसे प्रत्येक वस्तु की कितनी मात्रा की आवश्यकता होगी?
हल:
यहाँ, दो व्यक्तियों के लिए पानी = 300 mL, चीनी = 2 चम्मच, चायपत्ती = 1 चम्मच, दूध = 50 mL.
∴ 2 व्यक्तियों के लिये पानी की मात्रा = 300 mL
∴ 5 व्यक्तियों के लिए पानी की मात्रा = 5 x \(\frac{300mL}{2}\)
= 750 mL
∴ 2 व्यक्तियों के लिए चीनी की मात्रा = 2 चम्मच
∴ 5 व्यक्तियों के लिए चीनी की मात्रा = \(\frac{2×5}{2}\) चम्मच
= 5 चम्मच
∴ 2 व्यक्तियों के लिए चायपत्ती = 1 चम्मच
∴ 5 व्यक्तियों के लिए चायपत्ती = \(\frac{1}{2}\) x 5
= 2\(\frac{1}{2}\) चम्मच
∴ 2 व्यक्तियों के लिए दूध की मात्रा = 50 mL
∴ 5 व्यक्तियों के लिए दूध की मात्रा = \(\frac{50}{2}\) x 5 mL
= 125 mL
अतः मोहन को 5 व्यक्तियों के लिए चाय बनाने के लिए 750 mL पानी, 5 चम्मच चीनी, 29 चम्मच चायपत्ती और 125 mL दूध की आवश्यकता होगी।

प्रश्न 2.
यदि दो विद्यार्थी किसी सभा के लिए कुर्सियाँ व्यवस्थित करने में 20 मिनट का समय लगाते हैं तो इसी कार्य को करने में 5 विद्यार्थी कितना समय लेंगे?
हल:
∴ 2 विद्यार्थियों को कुर्सियाँ व्यवस्थित करने में लगा समय = 20 मिनट
∴ 5 विद्यार्थियों को कुर्सियाँ व्यवस्थित करने में लगा समय = 2072 मिनट
= 8 मिनट
अत: 5 विद्यार्थियों को कुर्सियाँ व्यवस्थित करने में 8 मिनट लगेंगे।

प्रश्न 3.
ऐसी पाँच और स्थितियाँ लिखिए, जहाँ एक राशि में परिवर्तन होने से दूसरी राशि में परिवर्तन होता है।
उत्तर:
इस प्रकार की पाँच स्थितियाँ निम्नलिखित हैं –

1. यदि हम बैंक से अधिक धन उधार लेंगे तो हमें अधिक ब्याज देना होगा।
2. किसी गैस पर दबाब बढ़ाने से गैस का आयतन कम हो जाएगा।
3. किसी कार्य को करने के लिए मजदूरों की संख्या बढ़ाने पर पहले की अपेक्षा कम दिन लगेंगे।
4. अधिक दूरी तय करने के लिए किसी वाहन को अधिक पेट्रोल/डीजल की आवश्यकता होगी।
5. किसी मैस में विद्यार्थियों की संख्या बढ़ जाने पर पहले की अपेक्षा अधिक भोजन की आवश्यकता होगी।

पाठ्यपुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 210 सीधा समानुपात

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित सारणी का अध्ययन कीजिए –
हल:

प्रश्न 2.
अब निम्नलिखित सारणी को पूरा कीजिए –
हल:

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 211-212

इन्हें कीजिए (क्रमांक 13.1)

प्रश्न 1.
एक घड़ी लीजिए और उसकी मिनट वाली (बड़ी) सुई को 12 पर स्थिर कीजिए।
मिनट की सुई द्वारा अपनी प्रारम्भिक स्थिति में घूमे गए कोणों एवं बीते हुए समय को निम्नलिखित सारणी के रूप में लिखिए –

आप T और A के बारे में क्या देखते हैं? क्या इनमें साथ-साथ वृद्धि होती है? क्या – प्रत्येक समय वही रहता है?
क्या मिनट की सुई द्वारा घूमा गया कोण व्यतीत हुए समय के अनुक्रमानुपाती (directly proportional) है? हाँ! उपर्युक्त सारणी से, आप यह भी देख सकते हैं कि –
T₁ : T₂ = A₁ : A₂, क्योंकि
T₁ : T₂ = 15 : 30 = 1 : 2
A₁ : A₂ = 90 : 180 = 1 : 2
जाँच कीजिए कि क्या T₂ : T₃ = A₂ : A₃ तथा T₃ : T₄ = A₃ : A₄ है।
आपस्वयं अपने समय अन्तराल लेकर, इस क्रियाकलाप को दोहरा सकते हैं।
हल:
घूमा गया कोण –
A₂ → 180°
A₃ → 270°
A₄ → 360°

यहाँ, हम देखते हैं कि T में वृद्धि होने पर A में वृद्धि होती है।
हाँ, इनमें साथ-साथ वृद्धि होती है।
हाँ, प्रत्येक समय \(\frac{T}{A}\) = \(\frac{1}{6}\) रहता है।
“हाँ, मिनट की सुई द्वारा घूमा गया कोण व्यतीत हुए समय के अनुक्रमानुपाती है।

यहाँ, सत्यापन होता है।

प्रश्न 2.
अपने मित्र से निम्नलिखित सारणी के भरने के लिए कहिए तथा उसकी आयु और उसकी माँ गत आयु का अनुपात ज्ञात करने के लिए भी कहिए –

आप क्या देखते हैं? क्या F और M में साथ-साथ वृद्धि (या कमी) होती है? क्या \(\frac{F}{M}\) प्रत्येक बार वही रहता है? नहीं। आप इस क्रियाकलाप को अपने अन्य मित्रों के साथ दोहरा सकते हैं तथा अपने प्रेक्षणों को लिख सकते हैं।
हल:
सारणी को भरने पर,

यहाँ, हम देखते हैं कि F और M में साथ-साथ वृद्धि (या कमी) होती है।
नहीं, \(\frac{F}{M}\) प्रत्येक बार वही नहीं है।
इस क्रियाकलाप को हम अपने अन्य मित्रों के साथ दोहरा सकते हैं। हम यही स्थिति पाएँगे।

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 212

प्रयास कीजिए (क्रमांक 13.1)

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित सारणियों को देखिए तथा ज्ञात कीजिए कि क्या x और y अनुक्रमानुपाती हैं –
1.

2.

3.

हल:
1.

अतः x और ‘ के संगत मानों का अनुपात , ही रहता है। इसलिए, x और y अनुक्रमानुपाती हैं जिनका अनुपात \(\frac{1}{2}\) अचर है।

2.
यहाँ,

यहाँ x और y का अनुपात अचर नहीं हैं। इसलिए, x और y अनुक्रमानुपाती नहीं हैं।

3.

यहाँ, हम देखते हैं कि x और y के संगत अनुपात अचर नहीं हैं।
अतः x और y अनुक्रमानुपाती नहीं हैं। उत्तर

प्रश्न 2.
मूलधन = ₹ 1,000 ब्याज दर = 8% वार्षिक निम्नलिखित सारणी को भरिए तथा ज्ञात कीजिए कि किस प्रकार ब्याज (साधारण या चक्रवृद्धि) समय अवधि के साथ प्रत्यक्ष अनुपात में बदलता या परिवर्तित होता है।

हल:
यहाँ, मूलधन = ₹ 1,000, ब्याज दर = 8% वार्षिक
साधारण ब्याज = \(\frac{pxrxt}{100}\)

= ₹ 1259.712 – ₹ 1000
= ₹ 259.712
अब, सारणी भरने पर

अतः साधारण ब्याज समय अवधि के साथ प्रत्यक्ष अनुपात में बदलता है।
लेकिन चक्रवृद्धि ब्याज समय अवधि के साथ प्रत्यक्ष अनुपात में नहीं बदलता है।

सोचिए, चर्चा कीजिए और लिखिए (क्रमांक 13.1)

प्रश्न 1.
यदि हम समय अवधि और ब्याज की दर स्थिर रखें, तो साधारण ब्याज मूलधन के साथ प्रत्यक्ष अनुपात में परिवर्तित होता है। क्या ऐसा ही सम्बन्ध चक्रवृद्धि ब्याज के लिए भी होगा? क्यों?
हल:
नहीं, ऐसा सम्बन्ध चक्रवृद्धि ब्याज के लिए नहीं होगा। क्योंकि चक्रवृद्धि ब्याज में मूलधन समय अवधि के साथ बदलता रहता है।

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 215

इन्हें कीजिए (क्रमांक 13.2)

प्रश्न 1.
अपने राज्य का एक मानचित्र लीजिए। वहाँ पर प्रयुक्त पैमाने को लिख लीजिए। पैमाने (तनसमत) का प्रयोग करते हुए, मानचित्र पर किन्हीं दो नगरों की दूरी मापिए। इन दोनों नगरों के बीच की वास्तविक दूरी परिकलित कीजिए।
हल:
माना कि पैमाना 1 सेमी. = 200 किमी
माना कि दो नगरों के बीच की दूरी = 4 सेमी
तब, दो नगरों के बीच वास्तविक दूरी = 4 x 200 किमी
= 800 किमी

MP Board Class 8th Maths Solutions

MP Board Class 6th Maths Solutions Chapter 7 भिन्न Ex 7.6

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 174-175

प्रश्न 1.
हल कीजिए

हल :

प्रश्न 2.
सरिता ने \(\frac { 2 }{ 5 }\) मी रिबन खरीदा और ललिता ने \(\frac { 3 }{ 4 }\) मी। दोनों ने कुल कितना रिबन खरीदा ?
हल :
सरिता द्वारा खरीदा रिबन = \(\frac { 2 }{ 5 }\) मी
ललिता द्वारा खरीदा रिबन = \(\frac { 3 }{ 4 }\) मी
दोनों द्वारा खरीदा रिबन

अत: दोनों ने \(\frac { 23 }{ 20 }\) मी रिबन खरीदा। उत्तर

प्रश्न 3.
नैना को केक का \(1\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) भाग मिला और नजमा को \(1\frac { 1 }{ 3 }\) भाग। दोनों को केक का कितना भाग मिला ?
हल :
नैना को मिला केक का भाग = \(\frac { 3 }{ 2 }\)
नजमा को मिला केक का भाग = \(\frac { 4 }{ 3 }\)
दोनों को मिला केक का भाग

अत: दोनों को मिला केक का भाग = \(\frac { 17 }{ 6 }\)

प्रश्न 4.
रिक्त स्थान भरिए

हल :

प्रश्न 5.
योग-व्यवकलन तालिका को पूरा कीजिए

हल :

प्रश्न 6.
\(\frac { 7 }{ 8 }\) मीटर तार के दो टुकड़े हो जाते हैं। इनमें से एक टुकड़ा \(\frac { 1 }{ 4 }\) मीटर है। दूसरे टुकड़े की लम्बाई क्या है ?
हल :
∵तार के टुकड़े की कुल लम्बाई = \(\frac { 7 }{ 8 }\) मीटर
और एक टुकड़े की लम्बाई = \(\frac { 1 }{ 4 }\) मीटर
∴दूसरे टुकड़े की लम्बाई = \(\frac { 7 }{ 8 }\) मी – \(\frac { 1 }{ 4 }\) मी

अतः तार के दूसरे टुकड़े की लम्बाई = मीटर।

प्रश्न 7.
नन्दिनी का घर उसके स्कूल से \(\frac { 9 }{ 10 }\) किमी दूर है। वह कुछ दूरी पैदल चलती है और फिर \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) किमी की दूरी बस द्वारा तय करके स्कूल पहुँचती है। वह कितनी दूरी पैदल चलती है ?
हल :
नन्दिनी के घर से स्कूल की दूरी = \(\frac { 9 }{ 10 }\) किमी
नन्दिनी द्वारा बस से तय की गई दूरी = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) किमी
नन्दिनी द्वारा पैदल चली दूरी = \(\frac { 9 }{ 10 }\) किमी – \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) किमी

अतः नन्दिनी द्वारा पैचल चली दूरी = \(\frac{4}{10}\left(=\frac{2}{5}\right)\)

प्रश्न 8.
आशा और सेमुअल के पास एक ही माप की पुस्तक रखने वाली दो अलमारियाँ हैं। आशा की.अलमारी पुस्तकों से \(\frac { 5 }{ 6 }\) भाग भरी है और सेमुअल की अलमारी पुस्तकों से \(\frac { 2 }{ 5 }\) भाग भरी है। किसकी अलमारी अधिक भरी हुई है और कितनी अधिक ?
हल :
आशा की अलमारी का पुस्तकों से भरा भाग = \(\frac { 5 }{ 6 }\)

सेमुअल की अलमारी का पुस्तकों से भरा भाग = \(\frac { 2 }{ 5 }\)

अत: आशा की अलमारी अधिक भरी है।

अत: आशा की अलमारी \(\frac { 13 }{ 30 }\) भाग अधिक भरी है।

प्रश्न 9.
जयदेव स्कूल के मैदान का \(2\frac { 1 }{ 5 }\) मिनट में चक्कर लगा लेता है। राहुल इसी कार्य को करने में \(\frac { 7 }{ 4 }\) मिनट का समय लेता है। इसमें कौन कम समय लेता है और कितना कम?
हल :
स्कूल के मैदान का चक्कर लगाने में
जयदेव द्वारा लिया गया समय = \(2\frac { 1 }{ 5 }\) मिनट = \(\frac { 11 }{ 5 }\) मिनट

राहुल द्वारा लिया गया समय

अत: राहुल मैदान का चक्कर लगाने में कम समय लेता है।

राहुल, जयदेव से \(\frac { 9 }{ 20 }\) मिनट कम समय लेता है।

MP Board Class 6th Maths Solutions