In this article, we will share MP Board Class 10th Social Science Book Solutions Chapter 9 Freedom Movement and Related Events Pdf, These solutions are solved subject experts from the latest edition books.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Solutions Chapter 9 Freedom Movement and Related Events

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Text Book Exercise

Objective Type Questions

Mp Board Class 10th Social Science Chapter 9 Question 1.
Multiple Choice Questions:
(Choose the correct answer from the following)

Question (a)
Main objective of division of Bengal was? (MPBord 2011)
(a) To establish administrative system in Bengal
(b) To suppress nationalist feelings
(c) To promote nationalist feelings
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(b) To suppress nationalist feelings

Question (b)
Congress was split in? (MP Bord 2011)
(a) Nagpur session
(b) Surat session
(c) Lahor session
(d) Mumbai session.
Answer:
(b) Surat session

Question (c)
Why did Gandhiji support ‘Khilafat Movement’?
(a) Because of Khalifa favoured freedom struggle of India
(b) Because Gandhiji wanted support of the Muslims against the Britishers.
(c) Because the Khalifa loved Indian civilisation.
(d) Because Turky supported India’s freedom.
Answer:
(b) Because Gandhiji wanted support of the Muslims against the Britishers.

Question (d)
The objective of the Rowlett Act was?
(a) To declare illegal all strikes.
(b) To supress the volunteers of the movement.
(c) To establish equality among all.
(d) All the above.
Answer:
(d) All the above.

Question (e)
Which programme is not there in the Civil Disobedience Movement?
(a) The people of the country should prepare salt.
(b) To burn foreign cloth.
(c) To violate laws through violent means.
(d) Picketing before the liquor shops.
Answer:
(a) The people of the country should prepare salt.

Question (f)
Who did found the Forward Block? (MP Bord 2009, 2011)
(a) Bhagat Singh
(b) Ras Bihari Bose
(c) Chandrashekhar Azad
(d) Subhash Chandra Bose.
Answer:
(d) Subhash Chandra Bose.

Question (g)
In July 1947 the British Parliament passed the Indian Independent Act, according to which following two independent countries came into being? (MP Bord 2011, 2013)
(a) India – Bangladesh
(b) India – Pakistan
(c) India – Srilanka
(d) India – Nepal.
Answer:
(d) India – Nepal.

Chapter 9 Social Science Class 10 Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:

  1. In 1905 Bengal, ……………………. , Orissa were included in the Bengal Province.
  2. The call (slogan) for ‘Do or Die’ was given in ………………….. movement.
  3. In 1928 the revolutionaries formed ………………………
  4. At the time of independence of India …………………….. was the viceroy. (MP Board 2009)
  5. Under the leadership of the merger of …………………….. princely states was done.

Answer:

  1. Bihar
  2. Quit India
  3. Hindustan Republican Association
  4. ilord Mount Batton
  5. Sardar Patel.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Very Short Answer Type Questions

Class 10th Social Science Chapter 9 Question 1.
Why was the partition of Bengal cancelled?
Answer:
Due to aggressive movement of Indians the partition of Bengal cancelled.

Class 10 Social Science Chapter 9 Question 2.
Why was the ‘Non – cooperation Movement’ abruptly suspended?
Answer:
In February 1922, Gandhiji decided to launch a movement to not to pay tax in Bardoli district. But on 4th February in a place called Chouri – Choura in UttarPradesh, the people got frenzied and burnt a Police Station. 22 police men died in the incident. Gandhi shocked with the event and decided abruptly to suspend the movement.

Freedom Movement Class 10 Question 3.
What were the objectives of the ‘Khilafat’ and ‘Non – cooperation Movement?
Answer:
Mohammed Ali and Shoakat Ali of India started Khilafat movement programme to achieve Swaraj. Congress adopted a new programme of ‘Non – cooperation’ in 1920, in the leadership of Ghandhiji. Protest against Jalianwallah Bagh Massacre, Rollet Act, breach of promise from British Government and achieving Swaraj were the main objectives of Non – cooperation movement.

Mp Board Sst Solution Class 10 Question 4.
Which places were freed by the Azad Hind Army from the Britishers by attacking them?
Answer:
Ramu, Kohima, Polem and Tiddim were freed by the Azad Hind Army from the Britishers.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Short Answer Type Questions

Mp Board Class 10 Social Science Chapter 9 Question 1.
What were the objectives of the British Government behind partition of Bengal?
Or
What was the aim of partition of Bangal? Write? (MP Board 2009)
Answer:
The most imprudent decision taken in the regime of Lord Curzon was the partition of Bengal. Bihar, Assam and Orissa were also included in Bengal. Lord Curzon was of the opininon that, it was difficult to provide effective rule by only one Lieutenant Governer from the administrative point of view. In order to justify his view, he made a plan to divide Bengal into two parts.

Freedom Movement 10th Class Notes Question 2.
Division of Congress proved to be fatal from the point of view of Indian National Movement? Explain?
Answer:
After the incident of Surat, the moderates and aggressive nationalists were forced to think of a common agenda but, many leaders did not agree upon concluding the differences and, finally there was a divide in Congress. This divide in Congress is known as “Divide of Surat”.

This event proved to be potentially damaging for the national movement. British Government considered it as their Victory. Infact “Surat Divide” harbingered a new chapter in the freedom movement. A new consciousness was taking place not only in the select few people of middle class.

Freedom Movement 10th Class Textbook Question 3.
What is the importance of Lahore session of 1929 in the history of freedom struggle?
Answer:
A Congress convention started in Lahore in December 1929. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was the president of the convention. He declared that “there is only one. aim before us and that is of total independence.” In this convention, Congress accepted the proposal of Total independence, on the mid night of 31st December, 1929, Congress President, in front of a huge crowd, hoisted the flag of “Total independence” on the bank of river Ravi. Congress took the decision of observing 26th January, 1930 as the total independence day. Thus independence day was celebrated with zeal and enthusiasm, in all over the country.

Freedom Movement Class 10 Notes Question 4.
What were the reasons of conducting Civil Disobedience Movement? (MP Board 2009)
Answer:
In December 1929, in the Lahore convention, the working committee of Congress got the approval to start the “Civil Disobedience Movement”. The viceroy, Lord Irwin had refused to, accept the proposal of total independence but, Gandhiji was still hopeful about an agreement. He declared that if demands were not met, the Civil Disobedience Movement will be started.

Gandhiji wanted that Government should consider the reduction in the rate of exchange, reduction of land revenue, should force total ban on drinking liquor, should give licences to keep guns, withdrawal on tax on salt, release political prisoners who refrain from violence, keep control on Secret Service Department, 50% reduction in military expenses and reduce the import of cloth. Since Viceroy rejected all the demands, Gandhiji started Civil Disobedience Movement, as per plan.

Freedom Movement Class 10 Notes Pdf Question 5.
How was ‘Quit India Movement’ different from the initial movements launched by Gandhiji? (MP Board 2009)
Answer:
’’Quit India Movement” was literally a Mass Movement. This was truly a self – inspired and self – driven mass movement, which was the result of intense desire of Indians to gain freedom.

On the night of 8th of August “Quit India” proposal was passed in Bombay with majority. On this occasion Gandhiji said, “Each and every individual should consider himself a free individual. He/she should, in order to achieve the freedom in reality try hard and be prepared to lay the life”. Ghandhiji said “I am not going to accept anything less than total independence, we shall either do or die.”

Class 10 Social Science Mp Board Solution Question 6.
Which methods Gandhiji advised to adopt during the freedom movement?
Answer:
Ghandhiji led a very simple life. He talked to people in a language which they would understand. That’s why soon he was called “Mahatma”. Gandhiji incorporated highest, moral values in the freedom movement and succeeded in converting it into a mass movement.

His life was based on principles of truth and non – violence. For all the political problems, he provided a solution which was in conformity with truth and non – violence. He also reiterated that means were more important to achieve an objective. The methodology which he employed to struggle against the British Rule is called ‘Satyagrah’.

Class 10 Sst Solution Mp Board Question 7.
Explain the importance of revolutionary movements in the history of India?
Answer:
The revolutionary movement started in the 20th century had spared its roots in many parts of India. The Government strictly suppressed their activities, hundreds of revolutionaries were hanged and many more were sent to jail. Although gradually the revolutionary movement slowed down but it has gone in the History of Freedom Struggle as very important chapter.

Indian people hold them in very high regard because these revolutionaries had no selfish motive behind their actions. They were setting an example of sacrifice and selflessness before the youth. Whenever a revolutionary was hanged people used to be sad and angry and a sense of patriotism was arousing in them. This promoted public awakening. The Indian National Army and the Navy revolt also have a place of significance in the history of freedom struggle.

Sst Solution Class 10 Mp Board Question 8.
What was the objective of the Cabinet Mission? To what extent it succeeded in its mission? (MP Board 2009, Set D)
Answer:
Cabinet Mission (1946) came to India to grant independence to the India. The Cabinet Mission proposed the formation of a Union of India with four zonal provinces, with their own constitution and autonomy except in areas. Cabinet Mission also proposed the formation of a constitution making body elected by the provincial legislatures on the basis of communal electorates. Congress accepted the Cabinet Mission proposals to avoid delay in independence.

The Recommendation of the Cabinet Mission:

1. There should be a federation of India comprising both from Indian States and British India. Matters like foreign affairs, defence and communications should be dealt with this federation at the central level.

2. It proposed the formation of a constitution making body not elected by the people but the provincial legislature.

3. An interim government of all the parties should be set up in the centre pending the completion of the constitution.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Long Answer Type Questions

National Movement In India Class 9 Notes Question 1.
What is the meaning of Quit India Movement and when did it start? Write the importance of this movement in the history of Indian Independence?
Answer:
There are many reasons for starting of this movement. India was not willing to be take part in the Second World War but, was forced to join without any consent. The economy of the country worsened, the running expenditure went up threefolds. Profiteering and exploitation continued. In such a dire condition, Congress decided to start non-cooperation movement.

Even before the movement started, on the night of 9th August, 1942, Government arrested leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Moulana Azacl, Sardar Patel, Jawaharlal Nehru, Sarojini Naidu and other members of working committee and sent them to Pune. This hastened action on the part of Government started off the movement, without any effort. The mob came on road. There were strikes, demonstrations and public meetings all over the country. Bombay, Ahmedabad, Pune, Delhi, Kanpur, Allahabad, Varanasi, Jabalpur, Patna, even in the smaller towns and districts, people organized themselves for the struggle.

The importance of Quit India movement is that, this made Freedom for the country an instant demand of national movement. The movement was successful on one account that British Government realised that the demand for freedom by Indians can not be ignored for a long time. Because of this movement, the international opinion was formed against England. That’s why, after the movement ended, the only question to be addressed was of transfer of government.

Question 2.
What do you know about the revolutionaries? What methods did they adopt against the British Administration?
Answer:
The revolutionaries believed that political rights cannot be achieved through non – violent and constitutional means. The revolutionaries were of the view that independence and self – rule can be got by violence and threats to the British Rule. To achieve these objectives, the revolutionaries formed secret organisations of revolutionaries imparted them military training, collected arms and ammunition and propagated revolutionary ideology through newspapers and other means.

In Uttar Pradesh and Delhi, Rasbehari Bose and Shachindra Sanyal organised the revolutionaries. In 1912 a bomb was hurled at the Viceroy in Delhi but he narrowly escaped. The revolutionaries who were arrested were tried in ’Delhi Conspiracy’ case. Several revolutionaries were hanged.

During those days the active revolutionaries in Maharashtra were Shyamji Krishna Verma, Vasudev Balwant Phadke, Chafekar brothers and Savarkar brothers. Revolutionary feelings gathered momentum in Punjab in 1907. Here Shri Parmanand and Lala Hardayal and other leadersled the revolutionaries. In 1909 Madanlal Dhingra killed Sir Villiam Curzon Bailey and Anant Kanhere killed the sessions Judge Mr. Jackson in Nasik.

The revolutionaries needed money to carry out their activities and therefore planned to loot Government treasuries on 9th August, 1925 they stopped a train at a place called ‘Kakori’ near Lucknow and looted the Government money. In Punjab, Bhagat Singh organised ‘Naujawan Bharat Sabha’. This organisation was set up to arouse partition among the youths.

The British Government wanted to pass ‘Public Safety Bill’. To prevent , the passing of this Bill the revolutionaries planned to throw a bomb in the Central Assembly. Sardar Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt were entrusted ‘this work. When this bill was being discussed in the assembly on 9th August, 1929 Bhagat Singh hurled a bomb in the assembly.

Question 3.
Why was the Indian National Army set up? Write about its contribution in the freedom struggle of India? (MP Board 2009)
Answer:
Popularly known as Indian National Army was formed by Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose in 1940 A.D. It consisted of the Indian soldiers and officers captured by the Japanese in Burma. The purpose of organising such an army was to liberate India from British Rule.

On October 1943, Netaji proclaimed the setting up of the provisional Government of Free India. In 1944, some units of INA moved close to the Indian borders. The attack was repulsed but the INA did strengthen the anti – imperialist struggle in India.

Subhash Chandra Bose was associated with the Indian Independence League. In this work he got cooperation from the famous revolutionary Rashbehari Bose. In the year 1943, in the capacity of Commander of the Indian National Army he formed fin interim Government of Independent India in Singapore and took oath to fight for achieving Independence till the last drop of the blood.

Subhash Chandra Bose started war on the Indo – Burrna border. In February 1944 Indian National Army launched another attack and freed Ramu, Kohima Palem, Tiddim areas from the possession of the British. In April 1944 the Indian National Army surrounded Imphal but due to heavy rains and shortage of supplies it had to withdraw from there. Unfortunately the position of Germany and Japan weakened and from May 1944 the position of the Indian National Army went on becoming weak due to adverse circumstance and shortage of supplies.

Question 4.
How background for formation of Pakistan was created by the action of the Muslim – League? Explain.
Answer:
In the beginning of the 20th Century the feelings of communalism became strong. One section, of the Muslims started feeling Congress to be anti – Muslim. The British rulers also viewed the Congress movements as anti – British. Therefore they wanted to promote an anti – Congress organisation.

Looking to the indications of the British rulers a delegation of the Muslims under the leadership of Agakhan met the Viceroy of India Lord Minto in October 1906 and put fourth certain demands through a memorandum.

Main objectives of the Muslim League were:

  • To arouse a sense of devotion towards the British Raj amongst the Muslims of India.
  • To put forth demand before the Britishers for the political rights and interests of Muslims.
  • Without jeopardising the interests of the league, keep good relations with other communities.

In the elections of 1937 Congress got good success but the Muslim League fared badly. The relations between the Congress and the League became bitter after the elections. The working committee of the Muslim League in its meeting of 20 March, 1938 alleged that the Congress is doing injustices and victimising the Muslims.

Congress was helpless before the obstinate attitude of Jinnah. Later on the Muslim League claimed that Muslims are not a Community but a nation and they have right to self – decision. Muslim League observed 22 December, 1939 as ‘Liberation Day’.

Demand for Pakistan by the League:
The idea of a separate nation, Pakistan did not occur to the Muslim leaders abruptly; it gr a dully developed in their minds In the Allahabad Convention of the Muslim League in 1930, Dr. Mohammad Iqbal mooted the idea of formation of Pakistan.

The idea of a separate nation of Pakistan was due to the feelings for ‘All Muslims’. According to the English encyclopedia, the idea of Pakistan was the brain child of Punjabi of muslim Rahmat Ali. Earlier a nationalist Mr. Jinnah ultimately became communal and in October 1938 he demanded two nations.

In 1941, the Muslim League in its Madras convention, made formation of Pakistan as its important objectives. In 1942, the Crip’s Mission by supporting the claim of Pakistan added fuel to the fire. Thus, the Congress had to try for unanimity on the issue of partition of India.

Question 5.
Under what circumstances partition of India was made? Why did Congress accept the partition?
Answer:
The factors which were responsible for partition of India were, helplessness of the Interim Government and the Congress serious communal riots, obstinacy of Muslim League and the British diplomacy. The plan presented by Mountbatten comprised partition of India into two parts viz.

India and Pakistan and transfer of powers to take place on 15th August, 1947. In the plan, policy regarding Punjab, Bengal, Sindh, Assam and Baluchistan was also made clear. Congress consented to the Mountbatten Plan. Muslim League wanted whole of Bengal, Assam, North – West Frontier province to be merged in Pakistan but had to yield to the pressure of Mountbatten and accepted his freedom.

After ariving the Crips Mission in India 22nd March, 1942 and had discussions with the leaders of all the prominent political parties. The proposal of Crips were in two parts: proposal to be made applicable during the war and post – war proposals.

Congress was not satisfied with these proposals because it proposed giving independence within the colonial rule and the demand of the Congress was total independence. The League was not satisfied because nothing was mentioned clearly about its demand for separate Pakistan:

Further, the Cabinet Mission (1946) submitted a plan in which a mention was made about the picture of India that will emerge after granting independence to India. The plan was mainly in two parts: Short term plan of establishment of interim Government and long term plan of formulation of the Constitution.

On 2nd September, 1946 the Interim Government under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru was sworn in. The League joined the interim Government but started putting hindrances in the smooth working of the Government.

Mountbatten Plan and Partition of India:
On 23 March, 1947 Lord Mountbatten took over as new Governor General of India in place of Lord Wavel. The British Government had fully authorised him to operationalise the plan of transfer of power to the Indians through the interim Legislative Assembly constituted under the Cabinet Mission.

The Congress did not want partition but the League was
not willing to accept any thing less than partition. Therefore to avert further communal bitterness, Congress agreed for partition.

Project Work

Question 1.
Collect pictures of Indian National Movement and prepare an album for the school?
Answer:
Do yourself with the help of your teacher.

Question 2.
Draw a line of period between 1905 to 1922 and show important events of the freedom struggle there in?
Answer:
Do yourself with the help of your teacher.

Question 3.
Organise an exhibitoin on the ‘The Histroy of Freedom Movement’ with the help of your teachers, guardians and colleagues and include in it the pictures of leaders, events related with them and reports from newspapers.
Answer:
Do yourself with the help of your teacher.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Additional Important Questions

Objective Type Questions

Question 1.
Multiple Choice Questions:
(Choose the correct answer from the following)

Question (a)
The slogan ‘Inqalab Zindabad’ was given by:
(a) Chandrashekhar Azad
(b) Bhagat Singh
(c) Batukeshwar Dutt
(d) Rajendra Lahiri.
Answer:
(b) Bhagat Singh

Question (b)
Who was the Prime Minister of Britain during the World War II:
(a) Glad Stone
(b) Churchill
(c) Ataly
(d) Walpole.
Answer:
(b) Churchill

Question (c)
Muslim League was formed in:
(a) 1904
(b) 1905
(c) 1906
(d) 1907.
Answer:
(c) 1906

Question (d)
Indians were given to the right of formation of constituent assembly under the provisions of:
(a) Crips Mission
(b) Cabinet Mission
(c) Uevel Plan Mission Cabinet
(d) Shimla Pact.
Answer:
(b) Cabinet Mission

Question (e)
Who shot dead the Governor of Punjab O’Dyre?
(a) Bhagat Singh
(b) Chandrashekar Azad
(c) Udham Singh
(d) Mangal Pandey (MP Board 2009)
Answer:
(c) Udham Singh

Question (f)
Who divide Bengal into two parts:
(a) Lord Curbon
(b) Lord Rippon
(c) William Bentinck
(d) Queen Victoria
Answer:
(a) Lord Curbon

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:

  1. Khudiran Bose was related to the Muzaffarpur Bomb case in ……………………..
  2. ……………………… was known as the Frontier Gandhi.
  3. ………………….. visited India on 17th Novemeber, 1921.
  4. Kasturba Gandhi, the wife of Gandhiji died in
  5. In 1942 ……………………. Mission came in India. (MP Board 2009)
  6. The slogan of Jai Hind was given by …………………… (MP Board 2009)
  7. Mohammedan Anglo Oriental College was established by …………………….. (MP Board 2009)
  8. People protested against portition of Bengal through demonstration on roads with changing the ………………………. Poem. (MP Board 2012)

Answer:

  1. 1908
  2. Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan
  3. Prince of Wales
  4. 1944
  5. Crips
  6. Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose
  7. Sir Sayyad Ahmed Khan
  8. Vande Mataram.

Question 3.
True and False type questions:

  1. Mohammad Ali was the leader of Khilafat Movement
  2. Partition of Congress took place in 1907 at Surat.
  3. Communal award was declared in 1935.
  4. ‘Do or Die’ the slogen was given by Bhagat Singh.
  5. First World War ended in 1920. (MP Board 2009)
  6. Congress conference of Lahore was held in December, 1929. (MP Board 2009)
  7. Second World War started on 3 September, 1939. (MP Board 2009)
  8. Muslim League was established in 1906. (MP Board 2009)
  9. Subhash Chandra Bose became the President of Congress in 1938. (MP Board 2009)
  10. India did not become Independent on 15 August, 1947. (MP Board 2009)
  11. The proposal of Total Independence was passed in Lahore convention in 1929.(MP Board 2009)
  12. Ras Behari Bose founded the “Forward Block”. (MP Board 2009)

Answer:

  1. True
  2. True
  3. False
  4. False
  5. True
  6. True
  7. True
  8. True
  9. True
  10. False
  11. True
  12. False.

Question 4.
Match the column:
MP Board Class 10th Social Science Solutions Chapter 9 Freedom Movement and Related Events img 1
Answer:

  1. (e)
  2. (c)
  3. (b)
  4. (d)
  5. (a)

Answer in One – Two Words or One Sentence

Question 1.
When and by whom the partition of Bengal was made?
Answer:
The partition of Bengal was made in 1905 by Lord Curzon. Q.l. When was Rowlett Act applied? (MP Board 2009)

Question 2.
In which year Forward Block organisation was established by Subhash Chandra Bose?
Answer:
In 1939.

Question 3.
Name two revolutionaries who were associated with the Lahore conspiracy case of 1929?
Answer:
Chandrashekhar and Bhagat Singh.

Question 4.
Name any three places associated with the Indian National Movement?
Answer:
Bombay, Surat and Lahore.

Question 5.
When was the Gandhi – Irwin pact signed?
Answer:
In March, 1931.

Question 6.
When did Cripp’s mission arrive in India? (MP Board 2012)
Answer:
22nd March 1947.

Question 7.
What is the importance of Quit India movemnt?
Answer:
The importance of Quit India movement is that this made freedom for the country an instant demand.

Question 8.
When was first meeting of constitutional Assembly held? (MP Board 2009)
Answer:
In the mid – night of 14-15 August, 1947 a special session of the Constituent Assembly was held in Delhi.

Question 9.
When did Kasturba die?
Answer:
On 23rd February, 1944.

Question 10.
When did Gandhiji start fast for 3 weeks?
Answer:
On 10th February,, 1943.

Question 11.
Who did organise “Swaraj Dal”?
Answer:
Swaraj Dal was organised by Chittaranjan Das.

Question 12.
Who did establish Mohammedan Anglo – oriental College in Aligarh?
Answer:
Sir Sayyad Ahmed Khan.

Question 13.
Who founded the forword block? (MP Board 2013)
Answer:
Subhash Chandra Bose.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which important resolution was passed in the Lahore session of the Congress?
Answer:
The Lahore session of the Congress passed the ‘purna swaraj’ or complete independence revolution and a pledge to be taken on January 20, 1930 for making all efforts to obtain independence.

Question 2.
Mention the two chief features of the Gandhi – Irwin pact?
Answer:

  1. The British government promised to release all political prisoners except those charged with acts of violence.
  2. The Congress agreed to participate in the Second Round Table conference which had been called to consider a scheme for a new constitution of India.

Question 3.
What is Communalism?
Answer:
Communalism means that the interest of different religious communities are separate and different from one – another. It also implies that interests of one community are antagonistic to the other.

Question 4.
By whom was Congress Khilafat Swarajya Party or Swarajya Party formed?
Answer:
The Congress Khilafat Swarajya Party or Swarajya Party was formed by the people like Motilal Nehru and C.R. Das after the withdrawal of the non-cooperation movement by Garrdhiji.

Question 5.
Why did Gandhiji called off the Non – Cooperation Movement in 1922?
Or
Why did the non – cooperation movement suddenly come to an end in 1922?
Answer:
Gandhiji called off the Non – Cooperation Movement because an angry mob had attacked and set on fire to a police station at Chauri Chaura (U.P.) killing 22 policemen. This act of violence was against Gandhiji’s belief of Ahimsa.

Question 6.
State any two decisions made as the Lahore session of the Indian National Congress in 1929?
Answer:

  1. The Indian National Congress declared at its Lahore session in 1929 the attainment of complete independence as its aim.
  2. Launching of a Civil Disobedience Movement under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Where is Jallianwala Bagh situated? What for is it known?
Answer:
Jallianwala Bagh is in Amritsar. General Dyer of British Government had orderd the shooting of innocent people who had gathered for the meeting, being held to resist the arrest of its two leaders. Children, women and old people were also present there. Hence it is known for Jallianwala Bagh massacre.

Question 2.
Write a short note on the Lucknow Pact of 1916?
Answer:
Lucknow’Pact is an expression of Hindu-Muslim unity. As the Pact brought Hindu and Muslims on a common platform. The Indian National Congress and the Muslim League unitedly made the demand of self – government ‘swaraj’ to the British Government. So the Lucknow Pact enjoys great importance, in the Histroy of freedom movement as both the communities had decided to move unitedly for ‘Swaraj’.

Question 3.
Explain briefly the defects of the Montford reforms?
Answer:
Defects in the Chelmsford – Montague Reforms:

  1. The introduction of ‘diarchy’ or dual government system in Province was not good but it was totally defective.
  2. The franchise was only allowed to rich people and it was based on property which very few people could fulfill.
  3. To make separate electorates possible on the basis of Communalism, Sikhs, Scheduled Castes, Anglo – Indians, European were separated.
  4. The central and provincial legislative councils have been more powers but still Viceroy and Governors could reject any bill passed by councils.

Question 4.
When and why was the Simon Commission sent in India? Why the Indians opposed it?
Answer:
The Simon Commission was sent to India in 1928. The Commission was sent to examine the working of the Act of 1919, especially the dyarchy part. The Indians opposed the Commission because it was wholly constituted by the English. The Indians had no hope that it would make a favourable report, in their favours.

Question 5.
When and where was the slogan of complete independence adopted?
Answer:
The National Congress held a historic session in Lahore in 1929 under the chairmanship of Jawaharlal Nehru. It was in this session, a resolution declaring Purna Swaraj (Complete Independence) was mooted, passed and adopted. This Congress session also announced the launching of a civil disobedience movement.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you know about revolutionaries?
Answer:
Due to the reactionary policy of the British Rule, Revolutionary nationalism started in India from the last decade of the 19th century. After the partition of Bengal, revolutionary feelings developed amongst Indians. The revolution aries believed that political rights cannot be achieved through non – violent and constitutional means. The revolutionaries were of the view that independence and self rule can be got by voilence and threats to the British rule.

They wanted to free the motherland from the shackles of foreign rule as early as possible. Ter achieve these objectives the revolution aries formed secret organisation and imparted them military training, collected arms and ammunitions and propagted revolutionary ideology through newspaper and other means.To achieve these objectives the revolutionaries set up communities for follow up in Bengal. These committees oriented the yout’s about India’s history . and culture and aroused feeling for freedom in them.

Question 2.
Which national and international events after World War I made India’s struggle for independence a mass movement?
Answer:
The Home Rule League Movements launched by Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak and the emergence of Gandhiji on the chess – board of Indian politics were such national events which made India’s struggle for independence a mass and country – wide movement.

Similarly, the rise of fascist powers in Italy, Germany and Japan also led the Congress and the Indian leaders feel that if they had to face the mighty English, they would have to make the freedom movement a mass movemnet and not only of the middle class educated Indians. Gandhiji launched various movements with this aim in view.

Such movements were Non – co – operation Movement (1920 – 1922), the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930 – 1934), the Individual. Satyagraha (1940), Quit Indian Movement’ (1942). By launching these; movements,, Gadhiji made the nationalist movement a Congress movement and the Congress movement a mass movement.

Question 3.
What did the slogan ‘Swaraj’ mean? How was the slogan of complete independence different from it?
Answer:
’Self – Government’ was the meaning given to the term Swaraj. It did not mean complete independence from the foreign rule. But it meant that Indian people should have a system of government as was prevailing in the self – governed colonies of Britishers.

The difference between swaraj and complete independence is that the swaraj was self – government within the perview of the foreign rule but complete independence means freedom from all internal and external control. The slogan of complete independence was adopted by the Congress in its session at Madras, while the team ‘swaraj’ was used by Dada Bhai Naoroji in 1906 in his presidential speech at Calcutta.

Question 4.
What is Independence of India Act ? Write its main provisions? (MP Board 2009)
Answer:
Independence of India Act 1947:
As per the plan of Mountbatten, the Government prepared the draft of ‘Independence of India Act’ and sent to the Congress and the League for consent. After acceptance the British Government passed the Bill and it became an Act on 18th July, 1947.

Main provisions of the Act:
The Act had 20 sections and 2 schedules. Main provisions of the Act were:

  1. India was to be divided into two sovereign states India and Pakistan. The responsibilities of the Government of India were to be handed over to Indian leaders.
  2. As per the Act there would be a Governor General to be appointed by the Emperor of Britain in each of the sovereign states India and Pakistan.
  3. Borders of both the sovereign states were decided. It was stated in it that Bengal, Punjab and Assam were to be divided and their borders were to be, demarcated.
  4. Legislative Assemblies of both the states will have the right to formulate their constitution. Pending formulation of the constitutions by both the states, the states shall be governed as per the provisions of the Government of India Act.
  5. The post of Secretary of India was to be abolished and in its place a Secretary of the common wealth shall be appointed.

No Act passed by the British Parliament after 15th August, 1947 was to be applicable to India. Thus India got independence from the British Control after the Independence Act became operational. Indian independence was the dawn of a new era and the Indians were to decide their own fate.