MP Board Class 10th Science Solutions Chapter 6 Life Processes

MP Board Class 10th Science Chapter 6 Intext Questions

Class 10th Science Chapter 6 Intext Questions Page No. 95

Mp Board Class 10th Science Chapter 6 Question 1.
Why is diffusion insufficient to meet the oxygen requirements of multi cellular organisms like humans?
Answer:
Diffusion is insufficient to meet the oxygen requirement of multicellular organisms like humans because multicellular organisms have complex body designs. Moreover, all their cells may not be in direct contact with the surrounding environment.

Mp Board Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Question 2.
What criteria do we use to decide whether something is alive?
Answer:
We tend to think of some sort of movement, either growth-related or not, as common evidence for being alive.

Mp Board Solution Class 10 Question 3.
What are outside raw materials used for by an organism?
Answer:
Food, water and oxygen are outside raw materials mostly used by an organism. Depending on the complexity of the organism its requirement varies from organism to organism.

Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Mp Board Question 4.
What processes would you consider essential for maintaining life?
Answer:
Nutrition, Respiration, Transportation of materials into the body and Excretion are the processes we consider essential for maintaining life.

Class 10th Science Chapter 6 Intext Questions Page No. 101

Mp Board Class 10th Social Science Chapter 6 Question 1.
What are the differences between autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition?
Answer:

Autotrophic Nutrition Heterotrophic Nutrition
It is the process by which autotrophs take in substances from the outside and convert them into stored forms of energy. This mate­rial is taken in the form of carbon dioxide and water which is converted into carbohydrates in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll This involves the intake of complex material prepared by other convert organisms
Chlorophyll is necessary. Chlorophyll is absent.

Life Processes Class 10 Solutions MP Board Question 2.
Where do plants get each of the raw materials required for photosynthesis?
Answer:
The following raw materials are required for photosynthesis:

  • The CO2 enters from the atmosphere through stomata.
  • Water is absorbed from the soil by the plant roots.
  • Sunlight, an important component for manufacture food, is absorbed by the chlorophyll and other green parts of the plants.

Science Chapter 6 Class 10 MP Board Question 3.
What is the role of the acid in our stomach?
Answer:

  1. The hydrochloric acid reacts an acidic medium which facilitates the action of the enzyme pepsin.
  2. Acid in the stomach kills micro organisms.

Mp Board Solution Class 10th  Question 4.
What is the function of digestive enzymes?
Answer:
Digestive enzymes such as amylase, lipase, pepsin, trypsin etc. help in the breaking down of complex food particles into simpler ones. These simple particles can be easily absorbed by the blood and thus, transported to all the cells of the body.

Mp Board Solution.Com Class 10 Question 5.
How is the small intestine designed to absorb digested food?
Answer:
The small intestine is designed in such a way that the digested end products are easily absorbed into the body. The innermost lining of the small intestine has many finger-like foldings called villi which increase the surface area for absorption. The villi are richly supplied with blood capillaries and a large lymph vessel which takes the absorbed food to all the cells of the body.

Class 10th Science Chapter 6 Intext Questions Page No. 105

Class 10 Chapter 6 Science MP Board Question 1.
What advantage over an aquatic organism does a terrestrial organism have with regard to obtaining oxygen for respiration?
Answer:
Terrestrial organisms take up oxygen from the atmosphere whereas aquatic animals need to utilize oxygen present in the water. Air contains more O2 as compared to water. Since, the content of O2 in air is high, the terrestrial animals do not have to breathe faster to get more oxygen. Therefore, unlike aquatic animals, terrestrial animals do not show various adaptations for better gaseous exchange.

Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Exercise Question Answer MP Board Question 2.
What are the different ways in which glucose is oxidised to provide energy in various organisms?
Answer:
Glucose is first broken down in the cell cytoplasm into a three carbon molecules called pyruvate. Pyruvate is further broken down by different ways to provide energy. The breakdown of glucose by different pathways can be illustrated as follows,
Class 10th Science Chapter 6 Question Answer MP Board
Break-down of glucose by various pathways.
In yeast and human muscle cells, the breakdown of pyruvate occurs in the absence of oxygen whereas in mitochondria, the breakdown of pyruvate occurs in the presence of oxygen.

Life Processes Class 10 Short Notes MP Board Question 3.
How is oxygen and carbon dioxide transported in human beings?
Answer:
In human beings, respiratory pigments take up oxygen from the air in the lungs and carry it to tissues which are deficient in oxygen before releasing it. The respiratory pigment is haemoglobin which has a very high affinity for oxygen. This pigment is present in the red blood corpuscles. Carbon dioxide is more soluble in water than oxygen is and hence is mostly transport the dissolved from in our blood.

Mp Board Solution Class 10 Science Question 4.
How are the lungs designed in human beings to maximize the area for exchange of gases?
Answer:
Within the lungs, the passage divides into smaller and smaller tubes which finally terminate in ballon like structures which are called alveoli. The alveoli provide a surface where the exchange of gases can take place.

Class 10th Science Chapter 6 Intext Questions Page No. 110

Class 10th Science Chapter 6 Question Answer MP Board Question 1.
What are the components of the transport system in human beings? What are the functions of these components?
Answer:
The components of the transport system in human beings are the heart, blood and blood vessels and lymph:

  • Heart pumps oxygenated blood throughout the body. It takes deoxygenated blood from the various body parts and sends this impure blood to the lungs for oxygenation.
  • Being a fluid connective tissue, blood helps in the transport of oxygen, nutrients, CO2 and nitrogenous wastes.
  • The blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) carry blood either away from the heart to various organs or from various organs, back to the heart.

10th Class Mp Board Solution Question 2.
Why is it necessary to separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in mammals and birds?
Answer:
Because mammals and birds require more energy. Hence there must be separation of oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood. By this these organisms get sufficient oxygen and helps to maintain their body temperature.

Question 3.
What are the components of the transport system in highly organised plants?
Answer:
Xylem and Phloem are the two main types of conducting tissues. In highly organised plants, xylem conducts water and minerals obtained from the soil (via roots) to the rest of the plant. Phloem transports food materials from the leaves to different parts of the plant body.

Question 4.
How are water and minerals transported in plants?
Answer:
In xylem tissue, vessels and tracheids of the roots, stems and leaves are inter connected to form a continuous system of water conducting channels reaching all parts of the plant. At the roots, cells in contact with the soil actively take up ions. This creates a difference in the concentration of these ions between the root and the soil. Water therefore moves into the root from the soil to eliminate this difference. This means that there is steady movement of water into root xylem, creating a column of water that is steadily pushed upwards.

Question 5.
How is food transported in plants?
Answer:
The transport of soluble products of photosynthesis is called translocation and it occurs in the part of the vascular tissue known as phloem. Besides the products of photosynthesis, the phloem transports amino acids and other substances. These substances are specially delivered to the storage organs of roots, fruits and seeds and to growing organs. The translocation of food and other substances takes place in the sieve tubes with the help of adjacent companion cells both in upward and downward directions.

Class 10th Science Chapter 6 Intext Questions Page No. 112

Question 1.
Describe the structure and functioning of nephrons.
Answer:
Nephrons are the basic units of kidneys. Each kidney possesses large number of nephrons, approximately 1-1.5 million. The main components of the nephron are glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule and a long renal tubule.

Structure of a nephron:
Mp Board Solution Class 10 Science
Structure of a nephron

Functioning of a nephron:

  • The blood with metabolic waste enters the kidney through the renal artery, which branches into many capillaries associated with glomerulus.
  • The water and solute are drained to the nephron at Bowman’s capsule.
  • In the proximal tubule, some substances such as amino acids, glucose and salts are selectively reabsorbed and unwanted molecules are added in the urine.
  • The filtrate then moves down into the loop of Henle, where more water is absorbed. The amount of water reabsorbed depends on how much excess water is present in the body and on, how much of dissolved waste is to be excreted.
  • From here, the filtrate moves into the distal tubule and finally reach to the collecting duct Collecting duct collects urine from many nephrons.
  • The urine formed in each kidney enters a long tube called ureter. From ureter, it gets transported to the urinary bladder and then into the urethra.

Question 2.
What are the methods used by plants to get rid of excretory products?
Answer:
Plants can get rid of excess water by transpiration. For other wastes, plants use the fact that many of their tissues consist of dead cells, and that they can even lose some parts such as leaves. Many plant waste products are stored incellular vacuoles waste products may be stored in leaves that fall off. Other waste products are stored as resins and gums especially in old xylem. Plants also excrete some waste substances into the soil around them.

Question 3.
How is the amount of urine produced regulated?
Answer:
The amount of urine produced depends on the amount of excess water and dissolved wastes present in the body. Some other factors such as habitat of an organism and hormone such as Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) also regulates the amount of urine produced.

MP Board Class 10th Science Chapter 6 NCERT Textbook Exercises

Question 1.
The kidneys in human beings are a part of the system for:
(a) nutrition
(b) respiration
(c) excretion
(d) transportation
Answer:
(c) In human beings, the kidneys are a part of the system for excretion.

Question 2.
The xylem in plants are responsible for:
(a) transport of water
(b) transport of food
(c) transport of amino acids
(d) transport of oxygen
Answer:
(a) In a plant, the xylem is responsible for transport of water.

Question 3.
The autotrophic mode of nutrition requires:
(a) carbon dioxide and water
(b) chlorophyll
(c) sunlight
(d) all of the above.
Answer:
(d) The autotrophic mode of nutrition requires carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll and sunlight, all the four components.

Question 4.
The breakdown of pyruvate to give carbon dioxide, water and energy takes place in:
(a) cytoplasm
(b) mitochondria
(c) chloroplast
(d) nucleus
Answer:
(b) The breakdown of pyruvate to give carbon dioxide, water and energy takes place in mitochondria.

Question 5.
How are fats digested in our bodies? Where does this process take place?
Answer:
Fats are present in the intestine in the form of large globules which makes it difficult for enzymes to act on them. Bile salts break them down into smaller globules increasing the efficiency of enzyme action. The enzymes present in the wall of the small intestine converts fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 6.
What is the role of saliva in the digestion of food?
Answer:
Saliva is secreted by the salivary Glands, located around tongue. It moistens the food for easy swallowing. It contains a digestive enzyme – amyjase, which breaks down bulky starch into sugar. So, sometimes it is advised to consume less water during a meal.

Question 7.
What are the necessary conditions for autotrophic nutrition and what are its by-products?
Answer:
Autotrophic nutrition is accomplished by the process of photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll pigment and sunlight are the necessary conditions required for autotrophiq nutrition. Carbohydrates (food) and 02 are the by-products of photosynthesis.

Question 8.
What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? Name some organisms that use the anaerobic mode of respiration.
Answer:

               Aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration
i) This take place in presence of oxygen No oxygen is
ii) It takes place in cytoplasm and mitochondria. it takes place only in cytoplasm
iii) By this process more energy is released. Less energy is released by this process.

Question 9.

How are the alveoli designed to maximise the exchange of gases?
Answer:
The alveoli are the small hollow structures present in the lungs. The walls of the alveoli consist of extensive network of blood vessels. Each lung contains 300-350 million alveoli, making it a total of approximately 700 millions in both the lungs. The alveolar surface when spread out covers about 80m2 area. This large surface area makes the gaseous exchange more efficient in alveoli and capillaries.

Question 10.
What would be the consequences of a deficiency of haemoglobin in our bodies?
Answer:
Haemoglobin is the respiratory pigment that transports oxygen to the body cells for cellular respiration. Therefore, deficiency of haemoglobin in blood can affect the oxygen supplying capacity of blood. This can lead to deficiency of oxygen in the body cells. It can also lead to a disease called anemia.

Question 11.
Describe double circulation in human beings. Why is it necessary?
Answer:
Oxygen rich-blood from the lungs comes to the thin walled upper chamber of the heart on the left, the left atrium. The left atrium relaxes when it is collecting this blood. It then contracts while the next chamber, the left ventricle, relaxes, so that the blood is transferred to it. When the muscular left ventricle contracts in its turn, the blood is pumped out to th body. De-oxygenated blood comes from the body to the upper chamber on the right, the right atrium, as it relaxes. As the right atrium contracts, the corresponding lower chamber, the right ventricle, dilates. This transfer blood to the right ventricle, which in turn pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation.

Blood goes through the heart twice during each cycle in other vertebrates. This is known as double circulation. The separation of the right side and the left side of the heart is useful to keep oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing.

Importance of double circulation:

The separation of oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood allows a more efficient supply of oxygen to every single cells. This efficient system of oxygen supply is very useful in warm-blooded animals such as human beings. As we know, warm-blooded animals have to maintain a constant body temperature. Thus, the circulatory system of humans becomes more efficient because of the double circulation.
Life Processes Class 10 Short Notes MP Board
Schematic sectional view of the human heart.

Question 12.
What are the differences between the transport of materials in xylem and phloem?
Answer:
(i) Xylem tissue helps in the transport of water and minerals.

  • Phloem tissue helps in the transport of food.

(ii) Water is transported upwards from roots to all other plant parts.

  • Food is transported in both upward and downward directions. Transport in xylem occurs with the help of simple physical forces such as transpiration pull.

(iii) Transport of water and minerals do not require energy in the form of ATP.

  • Transport of food in phloem requires energy in the form of ATP.

Question 13.
Compare the functioning of alveoli in the lungs and nephrons in the kidneys with respect to their structure and functioning.
Answer:
Structure of Alveoli

  1. Alveoli are tiny balloon-like structures present inside the lungs.
  2. The walls of the alveoli are one cell thick and it contains an extensive network of blood capillaries.

Functions:

  1. The exchange of O2 and CO2 takes place between the blood of the capillaries that surround the alveoli and the gases present in the alveoli.
  2. Alveoli are the site of gaseous exchange.

Structure Nephrons

  1. Nephrons are tubular structures present inside the kidneys.
  2. Nephrons are made of glomerulus, bowman’s capsule, and a long renal tube. It also contains a cluster of thin walled capillaries.

Functions:

(i) The blood enters the kidneys through the renal artery which branches into many capillaries in the glomerulus. The water and solute are transferred to the nephron at Bowman’s capsule. Then, the filtrate moves through the proximal tubule and then down into the loop of henle. From henle’s loop, filtrate passes into the distal tubule and then to the collecting duct. The collecting duct collects the urine from many nephrons and passes it to the ureter. During the ’ flow of filtrate some substances such as glucose, amino acid and water are selectively re-absorbed.

MP Board Class 10th Science Chapter 6 Additional Questions

MP Board Class 10th Science Chapter 6 Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Which out of the following can prepare their own food:
(a) Carnivores
(b) Omnivores
(c) Herbivores
(d) Autotrophs
Answer:
(d) Autotrophs

Question 2.
Which of the following type includes plant as majority of its population?
(a) Carnivores
(b) Omnivores
(c) Herbivores
(d) Autotrophs
Answer:
(d) Autotrophs

Question 3.
Which of the given organisms can feed on plants and animals as well?
(a) Carnivores
(b) Omnivores
(c) Herbivores
(d) Autotrophs
Answer:
(b) Omnivores

Question 4.
Amylase is secreated by:
(a) Pancreas
(b) Stomach
(c) Small intestine
(d) Oesophagus
Answer:
(a) Pancreas

Question 5.
of the following metal is associated with chlorophyll?
(a) Aluminium
(b) Iron
(c) Potassium
(d) Calcium
Answer:
(b) Iron

Question 6.
Which of the following metals are helpful for cellular level transport?
(a) AI – Zn
(b) Fe
(c) Na – K
(d) Calcium
Answer:
(c) Na – K

Question 7.
Where does water get absorbed in body?
(a) Stomach
(b) Food canal
(c) Large intestine
(d) Small intestine
Answer:
(c) Large intestine

Question 8.
The lungs in human beings helps in:
(a) Excretion
(b) Nutrition
(c) Respiration
(d) Transportation
Answer:
(c) Respiration

Question 9.
The liver in human beings helps in:
(a) Excretion
(b) Digestion
(c) Respiration
(d) Transportation
Answer:
(b) Digestion

Question 10.
Bile is originated from in human digestive system.
(a) Pancreas
(b) Liver
(c) Kidney
(d) Stomach
Answer:
(b) Liver

Question 11.
Villi are find inside
(a) Brain
(b) Stomach
(c) Small intestine
(d) Oesophagus
Ans.
(c) Small intestine

Question 12.
The decomposition of carbohydrate is a process of:
(a) Esterification
(b) Hydrogenation
(c) Oxidation
(d) Emulsification
Answer:
(c) Oxidation

Question 13.
Which one of the following organism use air dissolved in water for respiration?
(a) Amoeba
(b) Sheep
(c) Lion
(d) Leech
Answer:
(a) Amoeba

Question 14.
Energy is released and stored in the form of ATP during:
(a) Excretion
(b) Nutrition
(c) Respiration
(d) Transportation
Answer:
(c) Respiration

Question 15.
Nephron are unit of kidney, it works for:
(a) Nutrition
(b) Respiration
(c) Excretion
(d) Transportation
Answer:
(c) Excretion

Question 16.
The phloem in plants are responsible for:
(a) Transport of water
(b) Transport of food
(c) Transport of amino acids
(d) Transport of oxygen
Answer:
(b) Transport of food

Question 17.
The autotrophic mode of nutrition requires:
(а) Carbon dioxide and water
(b) Chlorophyll and sunlight
(c) Carbohydrate
(d) (a) and (b)
Answer:
(d) (a) and (b)

Question 18.
Energy generated during cellular level of metabolism is stored in:
(a) Cytoplasm
(b) Mitochondria
(c) Chloroplast
(d) Nucleus
Answer:
(b) Mitochondria

Question 19.
During expiration, the lungs are:
(a) Arched
(b) Flattened s
(c) Perforated
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Arched

Question 20.
The correct pathway of blood in double circulatory system is:
(a) atria → ventricles → arteries → veins
(b) atria → veins → arteries
(c) veins → arteries → atria
(d) veins → ventricles → atria → arteries
Answer:
(a) atria → ventricles → arteries → veins

MP Board Class 10th Science Chapter 6 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name one process which cannot be seen in non living things in comparison to living beings.
Answer:
Reproduction.

Question 2.
Najne two pigments which absorb sunlight.
Answer:
Carotenoids and chlorophyll.

Question 3.
Which life process synthesise chemical energy and turn it into heat energy?
Answer:
Nutrition and respiration.

Question 4.
Name some carbohydrate rich food.
Answer:
Rice and wheat.

Question 5.
Name raw material required for photosynthesis.
Answer:
Carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll rich living cell, sunlight.

Question 6.
In which form, the food is stored in leaves?
Answer:
Starch.

Question 7.
What is the colour of iodine-starch complex?
Answer:
Blue-Purple.

Question 8.
During blood circulation in humans, in one cycle how many times blood moves to heart?
Answer:
Two times.

Question 9.
How many chambers do a human heart have?
Answer:
Four.

Question 10.
What is the term for process of taking food in the body?
Answer:
Ingestion.

Question 11.
Which gland secretes amylase enzyme?
Answer:
Salivary gland.

Question 12.
What is the function of large intestine during digestion?
Answer:
Absorption of water.

Question 13.
How do aquatic plants and animal get oxygen for photosynthesis?
Answer:
Aquatic plants and animals obtain oxygen through the process of diffusion.

Question 14.
Where does light reaction and dark reaction of photosynthesis occur?
Answer:
In the grana thylakoids of chloroplasts, light reaction occurs while dark reaction occur in the stroma of chloroplasts.

Question 15.
Which wavelength of light is best absorbed by chlorophyll?
Answer:
Red colour wavelength.

Question 16.
Which products formed during light reaction in photosynthesis process are used by dark reaction?
Answer:
NADPH and ATP.

Question 17.
What is the function of thylakoid membranes in chloroplast?
Answer:
It provides large surface area for light absorption.

Question 18.
Write down the full form of the following:

(a) ATP
(b) NADP

Answer:

(a) ATP : Adenosine triphosphate.
(b) NADP : Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate.

Question 19.
Define excretion.
Answer:
Excretion is a biological process by which an organism gets rid of metabolic toxic wastes from its body.

Question 20.
Name the toxic wastes obtained as by products of metabolism.
Answer:
These wastes are nitrogenous materials i.e., ammonia, urea and uric acid, carbon dioxide, inorganic salts, excess of water.

Question 21.
What is osmoregulation?
Answer:
It is a process that maintains the amount of water and ionic balance in the body.

Question 22.
Where urea is formed in humans?
Answer:
Urea is made in the liver via the ornithine cycle by combining the ammonia made by deamination with carbon dioxide made from respiration.

Question 23.
What are the major excretory products of plants?
Answer:
Oxygen, water, carbon dioxide, latex, gums, resins, excessive salts, calcium oxalate and other toxic substances are excretory organs of plants.

Question 24.
Name the excretory organs of earthworm.
Answer:
Nephridia.

MP Board Class 10th Science Chapter 6 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is gout? How it affects life?
Answer:
In humans, the high concentrations of uric acid in the blood cause uric acid crystals to precipitate in the kidneys and joints. This can cause huge pain and swelling in the joints, particularly in the big toes and disturb the movement of body. .

Question 2.
List the excretory system organs in human beings.
Answer:
The excretory system in humans consists of:

  • a pair of kidneys
  • a pair of ureter
  • a urinary bladder
  • a urethra

Question 3.
Explain unit of kidney.
Answer:
Nephron is the structural and functional unit of kidney. Each kidney of the pair contains millions of nephrons.

Question 4.
Which organ in human beings is related to homeostasis?
Answer:
Kidney is also concerned with homeostasis since, it carries out osmoregulation of body fluids and controls the pH of the blood.

Question 5.
How does excretion takes place in segmented worms, like earthworms?
Answer:
Segmented worms, such as earthworms, produce urea that is excreted through long tubules called nephridia.

Question 6.
What are the excretory organs of insects like grasshoppers?
Answer:
Malpighian tubules.

Question 7.
Why does uric acid is the best nitrogenous waste product for insects, reptiles and birds?
Answer:
Uric acid has low solubility and does conserve water in insects, reptiles and birds.

Question 8.
Name the two possible treatments during chronic renal (kidney) failure.
Answer:
Hemodialysis and kidney transplant.

Question 9.
What is the main excretory product in Amoeba and jellyfish?
Answer:
Ammonia (NH3).

Question 10.
What are the two main functions of kidneys?
Answer:
The two main functions of kidneys are:

  1. To remove toxic metabolic waste products (for example, urea, uric acid, ammonia, salts etc.) from the blood.
  2. To regulate the blood pH, blood water and salt content, blood osmotic pressure, blood pressure (homeostasis).

Question 11.
Why is photosynthesis important to the global world?
Answer:

(a) In photosynthesis, solar energy (sunlight) is converted to chemical energy and is stored in plants as starch.
(b) Plants also store excess sugar by synthesis of starch.
(c) Heterotrophs, including humans, may completely or partially consume plants for fuel and raw materials.
(d) Photosynthesis is responsible for the presence of oxygen in our atmosphere.
(e) Each year, photosynthesis synthesizes approx. 160 billion metric tons of carbohydrate.

MP Board Class 10th Science Chapter 6 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is photosynthesis? Explain in detail.
Answer:
The process by which green plants make their own food from carbon- dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll is called photosynthesis.

During this process, oxygen gas is released. This process can be represented as:
Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Exercise Question Answer MP Board
The green plants convert energy of sunlight into chemical energy by making glucose.

The extra glucose formed changes into starch which is stored in leaves. The oxygen released comes from the water.

Question 2.
(a) Define translocation.
Answer:
Transportation of food from photosynthetic parts of the plant to the non-green part of the plant through phloem is known as translocation.

(b) Name the correct substrates for the following enzymes.
(i) Trypsin
(ii) Amylase
(iii) Pepsin
(iv) Lipase
Answer:

S.No. Enzyme Substrate
(i) Trypsin Proteins (Peptides)
(ii) Amylase Starch
(iii) Pepsin Proteins
(iv) Lipase Emulsified fats

Question 3.
What are the important events that occur during photosynthesis process?
Answer:
The following events occur during this process:

(a) Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll.
(b) Conversion of light energy to chemical energy and splitting of water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. (Light reaction)
(c) Reduction of carbon dioxide to carbohydrates. (Dark reaction by Calvin cycle)

Question 4.
Mention the conditions necessary for photosynthesis. Also, mention the process involved in each of these steps.
Answer:

  1. Sunlight: Chlorophyll of the leaves of the plant trap sunlight and converts them into chemical energy during photosynthesis. Plant utilizes visible light only which is made up of 7 colours and green . colour is least absorbed (it reflects green the most – that’s why the leaves appear green).
  2. Chlorophyll: Chlorophyll is a green pigment mainly present in the leaves of the plant. There are many types of chlorophyll named a, b, c, d, e and bacteria – chlorophyll. Chlorophyll ‘a’ and chlorophyll ‘b’ are most abundantly present in the nature.
  3. Carbon Dioxide: Plants take carbon dioxide through stomata to make glucose (food for the plants).
  4. Water: Water is absorbed by the roots of the plants through osmosis. Through xylem, water is transported to all parts of the plant.

MP Board Class 10th Science Chapter 6 Textbook Activities

Class 10 Science Activity 6.1 Page No. 96

  1. Take a potted plant with variegated leaves – for example, money plant or crotons.
  2. Keep the plant in a dark room for three days so that all the starch gets used up.
  3. Now keep the plant in sunlight for about six hours.
  4. Pluck a leaf from the plant. Mark the green areas in it and trace them on a sheet of paper.
  5. Dip the leaf in boiling water for a few minutes.
  6. After this, immerse it in a beaker containing alcohol.
  7. Carefully place the above beaker in a water-bath and heat till the alcohol begins to boil.
  8. What happens to the colour of the leaf? What is the colour of the solution?
  9. Now dip the leaf in a dilute solution of iodine for a few minutes,
  10. Take out the leaf and rinse off the iodine solution.
  11. Observe the colour of the leaf and compare this with the tracing of the leaf done in the beginning Fig. 6.4.
  12. What can you conclude about the presence of starch in various areas of the leaf?

Class 10 Chapter 6 Science MP Board

Observations:

  1. The green coloured leaf become colourless. The solution of alcohol becomes green in colour as chlorophyll of leaf gets dissolved it upon immersing.
  2. leaf On dipping in iodine solution, green areas of leaf turns dark blue whereas colourless part of leaf show no formation of starch.

Class 10 Science Activity 6.2 Page No. 97

  1. Take two healthy potted plants which are nearly the same size.
  2. Keep them in a dark room for three days.
  3. Now place each plant on separate glass plates. Place a watch-glass containing potassium hydroxide by the side of one of the plants. The potassium hydroxide is used to absorb carbon dioxide.
  4. Cover both plants with separate bell-jars as shown in Fig. 6.5.

Mp Board Solution.Com Class 10

  1. Use vaseline to seal the bottom of the jars to the glass plates so that the set-up is air-tight.
  2. Keep the plants in sunlight for about two hours.
  3. Pluck a leaf from each plant and check for the presence of starch as in the above activity.
  4. Do both the leaves show the presence of the same amount of starch?
  5. What can you conclude from this activity?

Observations:

  1. No. both leaves do not show the presence of the same amount of starch as starch is produced during the process of photosynthesis utilizing sunlight, chlorophyll and CO2 In first set up, availability of CO2, will be less as potassium hydroxide present absorbs CO2, In the second set up, leaves will have more amount of starch.
  2. From this activity, we can conclude that amount of carbon dioxide affects the process and outcome of photosynthesis.

Class 10 Science Activity 6.3 Page No. 99

  1. Take 1 mL starch solution (1%) in two test tubes (A and B).
  2. Add 1 mL saliva to test tube A and leave both test tubes undisturbed for 20-30 minutes.
  3. Now add a few drops of dilute iodine solution to the test tubes.
  4. In which test tube do you observe a colour change?
  5. What does this indicate about the presence or absence of starch in the two test tubes?
  6. What does this tell us about the action of saliva on starch.

Observations:

  1. The colour change is observed in test tube B, showing presence of starch. Whereas test tube A will show no colour change as saliva present converts sugar into starch.
  2. This tells us about the action of salivary amylase enzymes present in starch. The salivary amylase acts on starch and breakdown into sugar.
    Mp Board Solution Class 10th

Class 10 Science Activity 6.4 Page No. 101

  1. Take some freshly prepared lime water in a test tube.
  2. Blow air through this lime water.
  3. Note how long it takes for the lime water to turn milky.
  4. Use a syringe or pichkari to pass air through some fresh lime water taken in another test tube Fig. 6.6.

Science Chapter 6 Class 10 MP Board

  1. Note how long it takes for this lime water to turn milky.
  2. What does this tell us about the amount of carbon dioxide in the air that we breathe out?

Observations:

  1. Immediately, on blowing air in turns milky,
  2. On using syringe / pichkari, much time is taken as amount of CO2 entering now is restricted.
  3. It Shows, the air we breathe out contains higher amount of CO2.

Class 10 Science Activity 6.5 Page No. 101

  1. Take some fruit juice or sugar solution and add some yeast to this. Take this mixture in a test tube fitted with a one-holed cork.
  2. Fit the cork with a bent glass tube. Dip the free end of the glass tube into a test tube containing freshly prepared lime water.
  3. What change is observed in the lime water arid how long does it take, for this change to occur?
  4. What’does this tell us about the pradabts of fermentation?

Observations:

  1. Lime water turns milky as CO2 produced gets mixed with yeast, sugar and afeohol,
  2. The products of fermentation.are-CO2 and alcohol.

Class 10 Science Activity 6.6 Page No. 103

  1. Observe fish in an aquarium. They open and close their mouths and the gill-slits (or the operculum which covers the gill-slits) behind their eyes also open and close. Are the timings of the opening and closing of the mouth and gill-slits coordinated In some mariner?
  2. Count the number of times the fish opens and closes its mouth in a minute.
  3. Compare this to the number of times you breathe in and out in a minute.

Observations:

  1. Yes, the timings of opening and closing of mouth and gill slits are coordinated. They open and close alternatively.
  2. In dissolved water, availability of oxygen is less so fish breathes at higher rate.

Class 10 Science Activity 6.7 Page No. 105

  1. Visit a health centre in your locality and find out what is the normal range of haemoglobin content in human beings.
  2. Is it the same for children and adults?
  3. Is there any difference In the haemoglobin levels for men and women?
  4. Visit a veterinary clinic in your locality. Find out what is the normal range of haemoglobin content in an animal like the buffalo or cow.
  5. Is this content different in calves, male and female animals?
  6. Compare the difference seen in male and female human beings and animals.
  7. How would the difference. If any, be explained?

Observations:

  1. The normal haemoglobin content for human male is 13.8-17.2 g/ decilitre and for female is 12.1 – 15.1 g/dl.
  2. No. it is not same for children and adults.
  3. Male has higher level of Hb level as compared to females.
  4. Normal buffalo or low Hb level is 10.4-16.4 g/dl.
  5. Yes, Hb content in calves is higher than male and female animals.

Class 10 Science Activity 6.8 Page No. 109

  1. Take two small pots of approximately the same size and having the same amount of soil. One should have a plant in it. Place a stick of the same height as the plant in the other pot.
  2. Cover the soil in both pots with a plastic sheet so that moisture cannot escape by evaporation.
  3. Cover both sets, one with the plant and the other with the stick, with plastic sheets and place in bright sunlight for half an hour.
  4. Do you observe any difference in the two cases?

Observations:

  1. Yes, water droplets can be seen on the plastic sheet covering the pot with plant. This is due to condensation of water vapours released during transpiration.

MP Board Class 10th Science Solutions