MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित

सदिश बीजगणित Important Questions

सदिश बीजगणित वस्तुनिष्ठ प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
सही विकल्प चुनकर लिखिए –

प्रश्न 1.
सदिशों 2\(\bar { i } \) + 4\(\bar { j } \) – 5\(\bar { k } \) तथा \(\bar { i } \) + 2\(\bar { j } \) + 3\(\bar { k } \) के परिणामी सदिश के समान्तर एकांक सदिश है –
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 1
उत्तर:
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 2

प्रश्न 2.
यदि \(\bar { OA } \) = a, \(\bar { OB } \) = -b तथा C, AB पर एक ऐसा बिन्दु है कि \(\bar { AC } \) = 3AB, तो सदिश \(\bar { OC } \) बराबर है –
(a) 3\(\bar { a } \) – 2\(\bar { b } \)
(b) 3\(\bar { b } \) – 2\(\bar { a } \)
(c) 3\(\bar { a } \) – \(\bar { b } \)
(d) 3\(\bar { b } \) – \(\bar { a } \).
उत्तर:
(b) 3\(\bar { b } \) – 2\(\bar { a } \)

प्रश्न 3.
दो सदिश \(\bar { a } \) और \(\bar { b } \) इस प्रकार है कि |\(\bar { a } \)| = 2, |b| = 1 तथा \(\bar { a } \).\(\bar { b } \) = \(\sqrt{3}\) हो तो उनके बीच का कोण होगा –
(a) \(\frac { \pi }{ 2 } \)
(b) \(\frac { \pi }{ 4 } \)
(c) \(\frac { \pi }{ 6 } \)
(d) \(\frac { \pi }{ 7 } \)
उत्तर:
(c) \(\frac { \pi }{ 6 } \)

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित

प्रश्न 4.
समान्तर चतुर्भुज का क्षेत्रफल जिसकी संलग्न भुजाएँ \(\bar { i } \) – 2\(\bar { j } \) + 3\(\bar { k } \) तथा 2\(\bar { i } \) + \(\bar { j } \) – 4\(\bar { k } \) है, हैं –
(a) 3\(\sqrt{6}\)
(b) 4\(\sqrt{6}\)
(c) 5\(\sqrt{6}\)
(d) 6\(\sqrt{6}\)
उत्तर:
(c) 5\(\sqrt{6}\)

प्रश्न 5.
यदि \(\bar { a } \) = \(\bar { b } \) + \(\bar { c } \) तो \(\bar { a } \).( \(\bar { b } \) × \(\bar { c } \) ) बराबर है –
(a) 2\(\bar { a } \).( \(\bar { b } \) + \(\bar { c } \) )
(b) 0
(c) \(\bar { b } \).( \(\bar { a } \) + \(\bar { c } \) )
(d) इनमें से कोई नहीं।
उत्तर:
(b) 0

प्रश्न 2.
रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति कीजिये –

  1. दो सदिशों का योग या अन्तर सदैव एक ……………………… होता है।
  2. सदिशों का योग ……………………….. का पालन करता है।
  3. ( \(\vec { a } \) + \(\vec { b } \) ) + \(\vec { c } \) = \(\vec { a } \) + …………………………..
  4. दो सदिशों का योग ………………………. से प्राप्त किया जा सकता है।
  5. बिन्दु (1, 2, 3) का मूलबिन्दु के सापेक्ष स्थिति सदिश ……………………………. होगा।
  6. यदि \(\vec { A } \)C = 3 \(\vec { A } \)B हो, तो बिन्दु A, B, C …………….. होंगे।
  7. यदि \(\vec { a } \) और \(\vec { b } \)समान्तर हों, तो \(\vec { a } \) × \(\vec { b } \) = ……………………. होगा।
  8. सदिश \(\vec { a } \) की दिशा में एकांक सदिश ……………………………. होगा।
  9. सदिश \(\vec { b } \) का \(\vec { a } \) की दिशा में प्रक्षेप …………………………. होगा।
  10. यदि सदिश 2\(\hat { i } \) – \(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \), \(\hat { i } \) + 2\(\hat { j } \) – 3\(\hat { k } \) तथा 3\(\hat { i } \) + p\(\hat { j } \) + 5\(\hat { k } \) समतलीय हों, तो p का मान …………………………….. होगा।
  11. एक बल 2\(\hat { i } \) + \(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \), एक बिन्दु A जिसका स्थिति सदिश 2\(\hat { i } \) – \(\hat { j } \) है, पर कार्य करता है। बल का मूलबिन्दु के सापेक्ष आघूर्ण ……………………………… होगा।
  12. एक समान्तर चतुर्भुज का क्षेत्रफल …………………. होगा, जिसके विकर्ण 3\(\hat { i } \) + \(\hat { j } \) – 2\(\hat { k } \) तथा \(\hat { i } \)
    – 3\(\hat { j } \) + 4\(\hat { k } \) हैं।

उत्तर:

  1. नया सदिश
  2. क्रम विनिमेय नियम और साहचर्य नियम
  3. ( \(\vec { b } \) + \(\vec { c } \) )
  4. सदिश योग के त्रिभुज – नियम
  5. \(\hat { i } \) + 2\(\hat { j } \) + 3\(\hat { k } \)
  6. समरेख
  7. \(\vec { O } \)
  8. \(\frac { \vec { a } }{ |\vec { a } | } \)
  9. MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 3
  10. -4
  11. \(\hat { i } \) + 2\(\hat { j } \) + 4\(\hat { k } \)
  12. 5\(\sqrt{3}\) वर्ग इकाई।

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित

प्रश्न 3.
निम्न कथनों में सत्य/असत्य बताइए –

  1. एक त्रिभुज की भुजाओं द्वारा क्रमानुसार निरूपित सदिशों का योग शून्य होता है।
  2. यदि \(\vec { a } \) व \(\vec { b } \) दो असंरेख सदिश हैं तो |\(\vec { a } \) + \(\vec { b } \)| ≥ |\(\vec { a } \) + \(\vec { b } \)
  3. एक सदिश जिसके आदि और अंतिम बिंदु संपातो होते हैं एकांक सदिश कहलाता है।
  4. यदि बिन्दुओं P और Q के स्थिति सदिश क्रमशः \(\hat { i } \) + 3\(\hat { j } \) – 7\(\hat { k } \) और 5\(\hat { i } \) – 2\(\hat { j } \) + 4\(\hat { k } \) हों, तो |\(\vec { P } \)Q| का मान 9\(\sqrt{2}\) होगा!
  5. यदि |\(\vec { a } \) + \(\vec { b } \)| = |\(\vec { a } \) – \(\vec { b } \)|, तो \(\vec { a } \) + \(\vec { b } \) = 0
  6. \(\vec { a } \). ( \(\vec { a } \) × \(\vec { b } \) ) का मान शून्य होता है।
  7. सदिश \(\hat { i } \) – λ\(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \) और \(\hat { i } \) – \(\hat { j } \) + 5\(\hat { k } \) परस्पर लम्ब हों तो λ का मान 6 होगा।

उत्तर:

  1. सत्य
  2. असत्य
  3. असत्य
  4. सत्य
  5. असत्य
  6. सत्य
  7. असत्य।

प्रश्न 4.
सही जोड़ी बनाइए –
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 4
उत्तर:
(a) (iv)
(b) (v)
(c) (i)
(d) (ii)
(e) (iii)
(f) (vii)
(g) (vi).

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित

प्रश्न 5.
एक शब्द/वाक्य में उत्तर दीजिए –

  1. यदि \(\vec { a } \), \(\vec { b } \), \(\vec { c } \) किसी ∆ABC के शीर्षों के स्थिति सदिश हों, तो ∆ABC के क्षेत्रफल का सूत्र लिखिए।
  2. यदि \(\vec { a } \) = \(\hat { i } \) – 2\(\hat { j } \) + 3\(\hat { k } \), \(\vec { b } \) = 2\(\hat { i } \) + \(\hat { j } \) – \(\hat { k } \) तथा \(\vec { c } \) = \(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \) तथा [ \(\vec { a } \) \(\vec { b } \) \(\vec { c } \) ] का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
  3. दो सदिशों 3\(\hat { i } \) – 2\(\hat { j } \) + 4\(\hat { k } \) और \(\hat { i } \) – \(\hat { j } \) + 5\(\hat { k } \) के बीच का कोण ज्ञात कीजिए।
  4. \(\hat { i } \) × ( \(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \) ) + \(\hat { j } \) × ( \(\hat { k } \) + \(\hat { i } \) + \(\hat { k } \) × ( \(\hat { i } \) + \(\hat { j } \) ) का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
  5. \(\vec { a } \) का \(\vec { b } \) की दिशा में प्रक्षेप ज्ञात कीजिए।
  6. यदि \(\vec { a } \) और \(\vec { b } \) परस्पर लम्ब सदिश हों तो ( \(\vec { a } \) + \(\vec { b } \) )2 का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।

उत्तर:

  1. \(\frac{1}{2}\) |\(\vec { a } \) × \(\vec { b } \) + \(\vec { b } \) × \(\vec { c } \) + \(\vec { c } \) × \(\vec { a } \)|
  2. 12
  3. cos-1 \(\frac { 25 }{ \sqrt { 783 } } \)
  4. 0
  5. MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 5
  6. |\(\vec { a } \)|2 + |\(\vec { b } \)|2

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित

सदिश बीजगणित अति लघु उत्तरीय प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
सदिश \(\vec { a } \) = \(\hat { i } \) – 2\(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \), \(\vec { b } \) = -2\(\hat { i } \) + 4\(\hat { j } \) + 5\(\hat { k } \) और \(\vec { c } \) = \(\hat { i } \) – 6\(\hat { j } \) – 7\(\hat { k } \) तो |\(\vec { a } \) + \(\vec { b } \) + \(\vec { c } \)| का मान ज्ञात कीजिए। (NCERT, CBSE 2012)
हल:
\(\vec { a } \) + \(\vec { b } \) + \(\vec { c } \) = \(\hat { i } \) – 2\(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \) – 2\(\hat { i } \) + 4\(\hat { j } \) + 5\(\hat { k } \) + \(\hat { i } \) – 6\(\hat { j } \) – 7\(\hat { k } \)
⇒ \(\vec { a } \) + \(\vec { b } \) + \(\vec { c } \) = -4\(\hat { j } \) – \(\hat { k } \)
⇒ |\(\vec { a } \) + \(\vec { b } \) + \(\vec { c } \)| = \(\sqrt { 0+16+1 } \)
= \(\sqrt{17}\)

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित

प्रश्न 2.
सदिशों \(\vec { a } \) = 2\(\hat { i } \) – \(\hat { j } \) + 2\(\hat { k } \) और \(\vec { b } \) = – \(\hat { i } \) + \(\hat { j } \) + 3\(\hat { k } \) के योगफल के अनुदिश मात्रक सदिश ज्ञात कीजिये।
हल:
\(\vec { a } \) = 2\(\hat { i } \) – \(\hat { j } \) + 2\(\hat { k } \), \(\vec { b } \) = –\(\hat { i } \) + \(\hat { j } \) + 3\(\hat { k } \)
⇒ \(\vec { a } \) + \(\vec { b } \) = (2 – 1)\(\hat { i } \) + (-1 + 1)\(\hat { j } \) + (2 + 3)\(\hat { k } \)
= \(\hat { i } \) + 0\(\hat { j } \) + 5\(\hat { k } \)
माना \(\vec { a } \) + \(\vec { b } \) = \(\vec { r } \)
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 6

प्रश्न 3.
सदिश \(\vec { a } \) = \(\hat { i } \) – 2\(\hat { j } \) के अनुदिश एक ऐसा सदिश ज्ञात कीजिए, जिसका परिमाण 7 इकाई है। (NCERT)
हल:
दिया है:
\(\vec { a } \) = \(\hat { i } \) – 2\(\hat { j } \)
\(\vec { a } \) के अनुदिश मात्रक सदिश
\(\hat { a } \) = \(\frac { \vec { a } }{ |\vec { a } | } \)
|\(\hat { a } \)| = |\(\hat { i } \) – 2\(\hat { j } \)|
⇒ |\(\hat { a } \)| = \(\sqrt { (1)^{ 2 }+(-2)^{ 2 } } \) = \(\sqrt{5}\)
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 7
\(\hat { a } \) के अनुदिश 7 परिमाण वाला सदिश
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 8

प्रश्न 4.
दर्शाइये कि सदिश 2\(\hat { i } \) – 3\(\hat { j } \) + 4\(\hat { k } \) और -4\(\hat { i } \) + 6\(\hat { j } \) – 8\(\hat { k } \) संरेख हैं।
हल:
\(\vec { a } \) = 2\(\hat { i } \) – 3\(\hat { j } \) + 4\(\hat { k } \), \(\hat { b } \) = -4\(\hat { i } \) + 6\(\hat { j } \) – 8\(\hat { k } \)
अब \(\vec { b } \) = -2(2\(\hat { i } \) – 3\(\hat { j } \) + 4\(\hat { k } \) )
⇒ \(\vec { b } \) = -2\(\vec { a } \)
∵ \(\vec { b } \) = λ\(\vec { a } \) (λ = स्थिरांक)
सदिश \(\vec { a } \), \(\vec { b } \) संरेख हैं।

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित

प्रश्न 5.
सदिश \(\hat { i } \) + 2\(\hat { j } \) + 3\(\hat { k } \) की दिक् कोज्यायें ज्ञात कीजिये। (NCERT)
हल:
माना
\(\vec { r } \) = \(\hat { i } \) + 2\(\hat { j } \) + 3\(\hat { k } \)
|\(\vec { r } \)| = \(\sqrt { 1+4+9 } \) = \(\sqrt { 14 } \)
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 9
= \(\frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { 14 } } \) \(\hat { i } \) + \(\frac { 2 }{ \sqrt { 14 } } \) \(\hat { j } \) + \(\frac { 3 }{ \sqrt { 14 } } \) \(\hat { k } \)
दिक् कोज्यायें = \(\frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { 14 } } \), \(\frac { 2 }{ \sqrt { 14 } } \), \(\frac { 3 }{ \sqrt { 14 } } \)

प्रश्न 6.
यदि \(\vec { a } \) = 2\(\hat { i } \) – 3\(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \) तथा \(\vec { b } \) = \(\hat { i } \) + \(\hat { j } \) – 2\(\hat { k } \) है, तो \(\vec { a } \) – \(\vec { b } \) का मान ज्ञात कीजिये।
हल:
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 10

प्रश्न 7.
यदि \(\vec { a } \) = \(\hat { i } \) + \(\hat { j } \) + 2\(\hat { k } \) और \(\vec { b } \) = 3\(\hat { i } \) + 2\(\hat { j } \) – \(\hat { k } \) हो, तो |2\(\vec { a } \) – \(\vec { b } \)| का मान ज्ञात कीजिये।
हल:
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 11

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित

प्रश्न 8.
यदि \(\vec { a } \) = 2\(\hat { i } \) + \(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \) और \(\vec { b } \) = \(\hat { i } \) – 4\(\hat { j } \) + λ\(\hat { k } \) हो, तो λ का मान ज्ञात कीजिये।
हल:
दिये गये सदिश परस्पर लम्ब होंगे यदि उनका अदिश गुणन शून्य है।
अर्थात् \(\vec { a } \).\(\vec { b } \) = 0
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 12

प्रश्न 9.
सिद्ध कीजिये कि सदिश 2\(\hat { i } \) – \(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \) और –\(\hat { i } \) + 3\(\hat { j } \) + 5\(\hat { k } \) परस्पर लम्बवत् हैं।
हल:
माना
\(\vec { a } \) = 2\(\hat { i } \) – \(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \), \(\vec { b } \) = –\(\hat { i } \) + 3\(\hat { j } \) + 5\(\hat { k } \) ) = 0
L.H.S = – 2 – 3 + 5
= 0 = R.H.S यही सिद्ध करना था।

प्रश्न 10.
(A) सिद्ध कीजिये कि सदिश 3\(\hat { i } \) – 2\(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \) और 2\(\hat { i } \) + \(\hat { j } \) – 4\(\hat { k } \) परस्पर लम्बवत् हैं।
हल:
प्रश्न क्र. 9 की भाँति हल करें।

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित

(B)
यदि \(\vec { a } \) = 4\(\hat { i } \) – \(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \) और \(\vec { b } \) = P\(\hat { i } \) + 2\(\hat { j } \) + 3\(\hat { k } \) परस्पर लम्बवत् हों, तो p का मान ज्ञात कीजिये।
हल:
\(\vec { a } \) = 4\(\hat { i } \) – \(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \), \(\vec { b } \) = P\(\hat { i } \) + 2\(\hat { j } \) + 3\(\hat { k } \)
\(\vec { a } \) तथा \(\vec { b } \) परस्पर लम्बवत् होंगे, यदि \(\vec { a } \).\(\vec { b } \) = 0
4p – 2 + 3 = 0
⇒ 4p = -1
⇒ p = – \(\frac{1}{4}\)

प्रश्न 11.
(A) सदिशों (2\(\hat { i } \) + 3\(\hat { j } \) – 4\(\hat { k } \) ) और (3\(\hat { i } \) + 2\(\hat { j } \) + 3\(\hat { k } \) ) के बीच का कोण ज्ञात कीजिये।
हल:
माना \(\vec { a } \) = 2\(\hat { i } \) + 3\(\hat { j } \) – 4\(\hat { k } \), \(\vec { b } \) = 3\(\hat { i } \) + 2\(\hat { j } \) + 3\(\hat { k } \)
यदि इनके बीच का कोण θ हो, तो
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 13
∴ θ = 90°.

(B) सदिशों \(\vec { a } \) = 2\(\hat { i } \) – 2\(\hat { j } \) – \(\hat { k } \) और \(\vec { b } \) = 6\(\hat { i } \) – 3\(\hat { j } \) + 2\(\hat { k } \) के बीच के कोण की कोज्या ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
प्रश्न क्र. 11 (A) की भाँति हल कीजिये।

(C) \(\vec { a } \) = 2\(\hat { i } \) – \(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \) तथा \(\vec { b } \) = 3\(\hat { i } \) – 4\(\hat { j } \) – 4\(\hat { k } \) का अदिश गुणनफल तथा उनके बीच का कोण ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 14
यदि इनके बीच का कोण θ हो, तो
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 15
∴ θ = cos-1 \(\sqrt { \frac { 6 }{ 41 } } \)

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित

प्रश्न 12.
यदि |\(\bar { a } \)| = 10, |\(\bar { b } \)| = 2 तथा \(\bar { a } \).\(\bar { b } \) = 12 हो, तो |\(\bar { a } \) × \(\bar { b } \) का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
दिया है:
|\(\bar { a } \)| = 10, |\(\bar { b } \)| = 2 तथा \(\bar { a } \).\(\bar { b } \) = 12
हम जानते हैं कि |\(\bar { a } \) × \(\bar { b } \)|2 = |a|2 |b|2 – ( \(\bar { a } \).\(\bar { b } \) )2
= 100 × 4 – 144 = 400 – 144 = 256
∴ |\(\bar { a } \) × \(\bar { b } \)| = \(\sqrt{256}\) = 16

प्रश्न 13.
यदि \(\vec { a } \) = \(\hat { i } \) + \(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \) तथा \(\vec { b } \) = \(\hat { i } \) – \(\hat { j } \) – \(\hat { k } \) हो, तो \(\vec { a } \) × \(\vec { b } \) ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
दिया है:
\(\vec { a } \) = \(\hat { i } \) + \(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \), \(\vec { b } \) = \(\hat { i } \) – \(\hat { j } \) – \(\hat { k } \)
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 16

प्रश्न 14.
विस्थापन \(\vec { d } \) = – \(\hat { i } \) – 3 \(\hat { j } \) + 5 \(\hat { k } \) के अनुदिश कार्य करने वाले बल \(\vec { F } \) = 4\(\hat { i } \) – 3\(\hat { j } \) + 2\(\hat { k } \) द्वारा किया गया कार्य ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
दिया है:
\(\vec { d } \) = – \(\hat { i } \) – 3 \(\hat { j } \) + 5 \(\hat { k } \), \(\vec { F } \) = 4\(\hat { i } \) – 3\(\hat { j } \) + 2\(\hat { k } \) द्वारा किया गया कार्य ज्ञात कीजिये।
हल:
दिया है:
\(\vec { d } \) = – \(\hat { i } \) – 3 \(\hat { j } \) + 5 \(\hat { k } \), \(\vec { F } \) = 4\(\hat { i } \) – 3\(\hat { j } \) + 2\(\hat { k } \)
∴ बल द्वारा किया गया करध
W = \(\vec { F } \).\(\vec { d } \)
= (4\(\hat { i } \) – 3\(\hat { j } \) + 2\(\hat { k } \) ).(-\(\hat { i } \) – 3\(\hat { j } \) + 5\(\hat { k } \) )
= -4 + 9 + 10 = 15 इकाई।

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित

प्रश्न 15.
यदि |\(\vec { a } \) + \(\vec { b } \)| = |\(\vec { a } \) – \(\vec { b } \)| हो, तो सिद्ध कीजिए कि \(\vec { a } \) और \(\vec { b } \) परस्पर लम्बवत् हैं।
हल:
|\(\vec { a } \) + \(\vec { b } \)| = |\(\vec { a } \) – \(\vec { b } \)|
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित
इस प्रकार, अदिश गुणनफल शून्य है। अतः सदिश \(\vec { a } \) और \(\vec { b } \) परस्पर लम्बवत् होंगे। यही सिद्ध करना था।

प्रश्न 16.
दो सदिश \(\vec { a } \) और \(\vec { b } \) के इस प्रकार हैं कि |\(\vec { a } \)| = 2, |\(\vec { b } \)| = 3 तथा \(\vec { a } \).\(\vec { b } \) = 3, सदिशों \(\vec { a } \) के और \(\vec { b } \) के बीच का कोण ज्ञात कीजिये।
हल:
प्रश्न क्र. 17 की भाँति हल कीजिये।

प्रश्न 17.
यदि |\(\vec { a } \)| = 4, |\(\vec { b } \)| = 4 तथा \(\vec { a } \).\(\vec { b } \) = 6 हो, तो \(\vec { a } \) सदिशों है और \(\vec { b } \) के बीच का कोण ज्ञात कीजिये।
हल:
\(\vec { a } \).\(\vec { b } \) = |\(\vec { a } \)| |\(\vec { b } \)|
⇒ 6 = 4.4 cos θ
⇒ 6 = 16 cos θ
⇒ cos θ = \(\frac{6}{16}\) = \(\frac{3}{8}\)
∴ θ = cos-1 \(\frac{3}{8}\)

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित

प्रश्न 18.
दो सदिश \(\vec { a } \) और \(\vec { b } \) इस प्रकार हैं कि |\(\vec { a } \)| = 2, |\(\vec { b } \)| = 7 तथा \(\vec { a } \) × \(\vec { b } \) के बीच का कोण ज्ञात कीजिये।।
हल:
माना \(\vec { a } \) और \(\vec { b } \) के बीच का कोण θ है।
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 17

प्रश्न 19.
सदिश 2\(\hat { i } \) – 3\(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \) और \(\hat { i } \) + \(\hat { j } \) – 2\(\hat { k } \) के बीच के कोण की कोज्या ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना \(\vec { a } \) = 2\(\hat { i } \) – 3\(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \), \(\vec { b } \) = \(\hat { i } \) + \(\hat { j } \) – 2\(\hat { k } \)
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 18

प्रश्न 20.
उस समान्तर षटफलक का आयतन ज्ञात कीजिये जिसकी कोरेंनिम्न सदिशों से निरूपित हैं –
2\(\hat { i } \) – 3\(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \), \(\hat { i } \) – \(\hat { j } \) + 2\(\hat { k } \), 2\(\hat { i } \) + \(\hat { j } \) – \(\hat { k } \)?
हल:
माना \(\vec { a } \) = 2\(\hat { i } \) – 3\(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \), \(\vec { b } \) = \(\hat { i } \) – \(\hat { j } \) + 2\(\hat { k } \) तथा \(\vec { c } \) = 2\(\hat { i } \) + \(\hat { j } \) – \(\hat { k } \)
समान्तर षट्फलक का आयतन = [a b c]
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 19
= 2(1 – 2) + 3(-1 -4) + 1(1 + 2)
= – 2 – 15 + 3
= -14 घन इकाई।

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित

प्रश्न 21.
सिद्ध कीजिये –
\(\hat { i } \).( \(\hat { j } \) × \(\hat { k } \) ) + ( \(\hat { i } \) × \(\hat { k } \) ).\(\hat { j } \) = 0।
हल:
\(\hat { i } \).( \(\hat { j } \) × \(\hat { k } \) ). \(\hat { j } \) = \(\hat { i } \).\(\hat { i } \) + (-\(\hat { j } \) ).\(\hat { j } \)
= 1 – 1
= 0. यही सिद्ध करना था।
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 20

प्रश्न 22.
यदि सदिश \(\vec { a } \) और \(\vec { b } \) परस्पर लम्बवत् हैं तो सिद्ध कीजिए कि |\(\vec { a } \) + \(\vec { b } \)|2 = |\(\vec { a } \)|2 + |\(\vec { b } \)|2
हल:
हम जानते हैं कि
|\(\vec { a } \) + \(\vec { b } \)|2 = |\(\vec { a } \)|2 + |\(\vec { b } \)|2 + 2|\(\vec { a } \) |.|\(\vec { b } \)|
सदिश \(\vec { a } \) और \(\vec { b } \) परस्पर लम्बवत् हैं, तब
\(\vec { a } \) .\(\vec { b } \) = 0
⇒ |\(\vec { a } \) + \(\vec { b } \)|2 = |\(\vec { a } \)|2 + |\(\vec { b } \)|2 यही सिद्ध करना था।

प्रश्न 23. सिद्ध कीजिए कि
\(\vec { a } \) × ( \(\vec { b } \) + \(\vec { c } \) ) + \(\vec { b } \) × ( \(\vec { c } \) + \(\vec { a } \) ) + \(\vec { c } \) × ( \(\vec { a } \) + \(\vec { b } \) ) = 0
हल:
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 21

प्रश्न 24.
विस्थापन \(\vec { d } \) = 3\(\hat { i } \) + 2\(\hat { j } \) + 5\(\hat { k } \) के अनुदिश कार्य करने वाले बल \(\vec { F } \) = 2\(\hat { i } \) – \(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \) द्वारा किया गया कार्य ज्ञात कीजिये।
हल:
कार्य = \(\vec { F } \).\(\vec { d } \)
= (2\(\hat { i } \) – \(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \) ).(3\(\hat { i } \) + 2\(\hat { j } \) + 3\(\hat { k } \) )
= 6 – 2 + 3 = 7 इकाई।

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित

प्रश्न 25.
दो सदिशों \(\vec { d } \) तथा \(\vec { b } \) जिनके परिमाण समान हैं में से प्रत्येक का परिणाम ज्ञात कीजिये जबकि उनके बीच का कोण 60° है तथा उनका अदिश गुणनफल \(\frac{9}{2}\) हैं।
हल:
अदिश गुणन की परिभाषा से,
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 22

प्रश्न 26.
समांतर चतुर्भुज का क्षेत्रफल ज्ञात कीजिये जिसकी दो आसन्न भुजायें सदिशों \(\vec { a } \) = 2\(\hat { i } \) – \(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \) और
\(\vec { b } \) = 3\(\hat { i } \) + 4\(\hat { j } \) – \(\hat { k } \)
समांतर चतुर्भुज का क्षेत्रफल = \(\frac{1}{2}\) |\(\vec { a } \) × \(\vec { b } \)|
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 23
अभीष्ट क्षेत्रफल = \(\frac{1}{2}\) \(\sqrt{155}\).

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित

प्रश्न 27.
यदि \(\vec { a } \) = 4\(\hat { i } \) + \(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \) और \(\vec { b } \) = \(\hat { i } \) – 2\(\hat { k } \) हो, तो |2\(\vec { b } \) × \(\vec { a } \)| का मान ज्ञात कीजिये।
हल:
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 24
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 24a

प्रश्न 28.
यदि \(\vec { a } \) = 4\(\hat { i } \) + 3\(\hat { j } \) + 2\(\hat { k } \) और \(\vec { b } \) = 3\(\hat { i } \) + 2\(\hat { k } \) हो, तो |\(\vec { b } \) × 2\(\vec { a } \)| का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 25

प्रश्न 29.
यदि \(\vec { a } \) = 2\(\hat { i } \) + \(\hat { j } \) + 2\(\hat { k } \) और \(\vec { b } \) = 5\(\hat { i } \) – 3\(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \) तो \(\vec { b } \) का \(\vec { a } \) पर अदिश प्रक्षेप ज्ञात कीजिये।
हल:
सदिश \(\vec { b } \) का \(\vec { a } \) की दिशा में अदिश प्रक्षेप
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 26
= \(\frac{10-3+2}{3}\)
= \(\frac{9}{3}\) = 3.

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित

प्रश्न 30.
यदि \(\vec { a } \) = \(\hat { i } \) + 3\(\hat { j } \) – 2\(\hat { k } \), \(\vec { b } \) = – \(\hat { j } \) + 3\(\hat { k } \) हो, तो |\(\vec { a } \) × \(\vec { b } \)| का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 27

सदिश बीजगणित दीर्घ उत्तरीय प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
दर्शाइये कि बिन्दु A(-2\(\hat { i } \) + 3\(\hat { j } \) + 5\(\hat { k } \) ), B( \(\hat { i } \) + 2\(\hat { j } \) + 3\(\hat { k } \) ) और C(7\(\hat { i } \) + 0\(\hat { j } \) – \(\hat { k } \) ) संरेख हैं। (NCERT)
हल:
माना O मूलबिन्दु है, तब बिन्दुओं A, B और C के स्थिति सदिश हैं –
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 28
अतः सदिश \(\overrightarrow{A B}\) और \(\overrightarrow{B C}\) समांतर हैं परन्तु B, \(\overrightarrow{A B}\), और \(\overrightarrow{B C}\) का उभयनिष्ठ बिन्दु हैं। अतएव दिए हुए बिन्दु A, B और C संरेख हैं। यही सिद्ध करना था।

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित

प्रश्न 2.
यदि बिन्दुओं A, B, C और D के स्थिति सदिश क्रमश: 2\(\hat { i } \) + 4\(\hat { k } \), 5\(\hat { i } \) + 3\(\sqrt{3}\)\(\hat { j } \) + 4\(\hat { k } \), -2\(\sqrt{3}\)\(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \) और 2\(\hat { i } \) + \(\hat { k } \) हैं, तो सिद्ध कीजिए –
CD||AB और CD = \(\frac{2}{3}\) \(\vec { A } \)B
हल:
माना O मूलबिन्दु है, तब
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 29
⇒ \(\overrightarrow{C D}\), \(\overrightarrow{A B}\) के समांतर है और \(\overrightarrow{C D}\) = \(\frac{2}{3}\) × \(\overrightarrow{A B}\) यही सिद्ध करना था।

प्रश्न 3.
यदि त्रिभुज ABC का केन्द्रक G हो, तो सिद्ध कीजिए कि –
\(\overrightarrow{G A}\) + \(\overrightarrow{G B}\) + \(\overrightarrow{G C}\) = \(\vec { 0 } \).
हल:
माना त्रिभुज ABC के शीर्षों A, B और C के स्थिति सदिश क्रमशः \(\vec { a } \), \(\vec { b } \) और \(\vec { c } \) हैं।
∴ केन्द्रक G का स्थिति सदिश
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 30
अब \(\vec { G } \)A + \(\vec { G } \)B + \(\vec { G } \)C = (A का स्थिति सदिश – G का स्थिति सदिश) + (B का स्थिति सदिश – G का स्थिति सदिश) + (C का स्थिति सदिश – G का स्थिति सदिश)
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 31
अतः \(\vec { G } \)A + \(\vec { G } \)B + \(\vec { G } \)C = \(\vec { 0 } \). यही सिद्ध करना था।

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित

प्रश्न 4.
सदिशों का प्रयोग करते हुए सिद्ध कीजिये कि त्रिभुज की माध्यिकाएँ संगामी होती हैं।
हल:
ABC त्रिभुज की माध्यिकाएँ AD, BE तथा CF हैं।
माना बिन्दुओं A, B और C के स्थिति सदिश क्रमशः \(\vec { a } \), \(\vec { b } \) और \(\vec { c } \) हैं।
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 32
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 32a
अब माध्यिका AD को 2:1 के अनुपात में विभाजित करने (6) वाले बिन्दु का स्थिति सदिश
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 33
माध्यिका BE को 2:1 के अनुपात में विभाजित करने वाले बिन्दु का स्थिति सदिश
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 34
माध्यिका CF को 2:1 के अनुपात में विभाजित करने वाले बिन्दु का स्थिति सदिश
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 35
अतः त्रिभुज की माध्यिकाएँ एक बिन्दु G पर मिलती है अर्थात् संगामी हैं जिसका स्थिति सदिश \(\frac{\vec{a}+\vec{b}+\vec{c}}{3}\) है। बिन्दु G को त्रिभुज का केन्द्रक कहते हैं। यही सिद्ध करना था।

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित

प्रश्न 5.
एक सदिश \(\overrightarrow{O P}\), OX के साथ 45° और OY के साथ 60° कोण बनाती हैं। \(\overrightarrow{O P}\) के द्वारा OZ के साथ बनाया गया कोण ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना सदिश \(\overrightarrow{O P}\), अक्षों OX, OY और OZ के साथ क्रमशः α, β, γ कोण बनाती हैं, तब
α = 45°, β = 60°
∴ l = cos α = cos 45° = \(\frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { 2 } } \)
m = cos β = cos 60° = \(\frac{1}{2}\)
और n = cos γ
हम जानते हैं कि
l2 + m2 + n2 = 1
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 36
cos γ = \(\frac{1}{2}\) था cos γ = – \(\frac{1}{2}\)
γ = 60° था 120°

प्रश्न 6.
परिमाण 5\(\sqrt{2}\), की एक सदिश \(\vec { a } \) ज्ञात कीजिए जो X – अक्ष के साथ \(\frac { \pi }{ 4 } \), Y – अक्ष के साथ \(\frac { \pi }{ 2 } \) और Z – अक्ष के साथ न्यूनकोण θ बनाती है।
हल:
दिया गया है –
α = \(\frac { \pi }{ 4 } \), β = \(\frac { \pi }{ 2 } \), γ = θ
I = cos \(\frac { \pi }{ 4 } \) = \(\frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { 2 } } \), m = cos \(\frac { \pi }{ 2 } \) = 0, n = cos θ
हम जानते हैं कि
l2 + m2 + n2 = 1
⇒ ( \(\frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { 2 } } \) )2 + 0 + n2 = 1
⇒ \(\frac{1}{2}\) + n2 = 1
∴ n2 = \(\frac{1}{2}\)
cos2 θ = \(\frac{1}{2}\)
cos θ = \(\frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { 2 } } \)
∴ θ = \(\frac { \pi }{ 4 } \)
सदिश की दिक् कोज्यायें \(\frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { 2 } } \), 0, \(\frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { 2 } } \)
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 37

प्रश्न 7.
सिद्ध कीजिए कि ( \(\vec { a } \) × \(\vec { b } \) )2 = a2b2 – ( \(\vec { a } \).\(\vec { b } \) )2
हल:
L.H.S. = ( \(\vec { a } \) × \(\vec { b } \) )2 = ( \(\vec { a } \) × \(\vec { b } \) )
= (absin θ\(\hat { n } \) ).(ab sinθ \(\hat { n } \) ) = a2b2 sin2 θ \(\hat { n } \).\(\hat { n } \)
= a2b2 sin2 θ
= a2b2 – a2b2 cos 2 θ
= a2b2 – (ab cos θ)2
= a2b2 – ( \(\vec { a } \).\(\vec { b } \) )2 = R.H.S यही सिद्ध करना था।

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित

प्रश्न 8.
यदि \(\vec { a } \) = 2\(\hat { i } \) – 3\(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \), \(\vec { b } \) = \(\hat { i } \) – \(\hat { j } \) + 2\(\hat { k } \) हो तो \(\vec { a } \) × ( \(\vec { b } \) × \(\vec { c } \) ) का मान ज्ञात कीजिये।
हल:
दिया है:
\(\vec { a } \) = 2\(\hat { i } \) – 3\(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \), \(\vec { b } \) = \(\hat { i } \) – \(\hat { j } \) + 2\(\hat { k } \), \(\vec { c } \) = 2\(\hat { i } \) + \(\hat { j } \) – \(\hat { k } \)
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 38

प्रश्न 9.
उस समान्तर षटफलक का आयतन ज्ञात कीजिये जिसकी तीन कोरें निम्न सदिशों से निरूपित हैं –
\(\hat { i } \) + \(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \), \(\hat { i } \) – \(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \), \(\hat { i } \) + \(\hat { j } \) – \(\hat { k } \)
हल:
माना
\(\vec { a } \) = \(\hat { i } \) + \(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \), \(\hat { i } \) – \(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \), \(\hat { i } \) + \(\hat { j } \) – \(\hat { k } \)
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 39
= 1(1 – 2) – 1(-1 -2) + 1(1 + 1)
= -1 + 3 + 2
= 4 इकाई।

प्रश्न 10.
यदि \(\vec { a } \) = 2\(\hat { i } \) – 3\(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \), \(\vec { b } \) = \(\hat { i } \) – \(\hat { j } \) + 2\(\hat { k } \) और \(\vec { c } \) = 2\(\hat { i } \) + \(\hat { j } \) – \(\hat { k } \) हो, तो [\(\vec { a } \) \(\vec { b } \) \(\vec { c } \)] का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
दिया है:
\(\vec { a } \) = 2\(\hat { i } \) – 3\(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \), \(\vec { b } \) = \(\hat { i } \) – \(\hat { j } \) + 2\(\hat { k } \), \(\vec { c } \) = 2\(\hat { i } \) + \(\hat { j } \) – \(\hat { k } \)
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 40
= 2(1 – 2) – 1(3 – 1) + 2(- 6 + 1)
= – 2 – 2 – 10 = – 14.

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित

प्रश्न 11.
यदि \(\vec { a } \) = 3\(\hat { i } \) – \(\hat { j } \) + 2\(\hat { k } \), \(\vec { b } \) = 2\(\hat { i } \) + \(\hat { j } \) – \(\hat { k } \) और \(\vec { c } \) = \(\hat { i } \) – 2\(\hat { j } \) + 2\(\hat { k } \) हो, तो \(\vec { a } \) का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
प्रश्न क्र. 8 की भाँति हल कीजिये।

प्रश्न 12.
यदि a = \(\vec { a } \) = \(\hat { i } \) – 2\(\hat { j } \) + 3\(\hat { k } \), \(\vec { b } \) = -2\(\hat { i } \) + 3\(\hat { j } \) – 4\(\hat { k } \) तथा \(\vec { c } \) = \(\hat { i } \) – 3\(\hat { j } \) + 5\(\hat { k } \) हो, तो सिद्ध कीजिए कि सदिश \(\vec { a } \), \(\vec { b } \), \(\vec { c } \) समतलीय हैं।
हल:
यदि \(\vec { a } \), \(\vec { b } \), \(\vec { c } \) समतलीय हैं, तो उनके अदिश त्रिक गुणन शून्य होना चाहिए अर्थात्
[ \(\vec { a } \) \(\vec { b } \) \(\vec { c } \) ] = 0
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 41
= 1(15 – 12) + 2(-10 + 4) + 3(6 – 3)
= 1(3) + 2(-6) + 3(3) = 12 – 12 = 0

प्रश्न 13.
सिद्ध कीजिये 2\(\hat { i } \) – \(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \), \(\hat { i } \) + 2\(\hat { j } \) – 3\(\hat { k } \) तथा 3\(\hat { i } \) – 4\(\hat { j } \) + 5\(\hat { k } \)
दिये गये सदिश समतलीय हैं तब [ \(\bar { a } \) \(\bar { b } \) \(\bar { c } \) ] = 0
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 42
L.H.S = 2(10 – 12) -1(-5 + 4) + 3(3 – 2)
= -4 + 1 + 3
= 0 यही सिद्ध करना था।
अतः \(\bar { a } \) \(\bar { b } \) \(\bar { c } \) समतलीय हैं।

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित

प्रश्न 14.
(A) λ का मान ज्ञात कीजिये यदि सदिश λ\(\hat { i } \) + 3\(\hat { j } \) + 2\(\hat { k } \), 2\(\hat { i } \) + 2\(\hat { j } \) + 3\(\hat { k } \) और 2\(\hat { i } \) + 3\(\hat { j } \) + 4\(\hat { k } \) समतलीय हैं।
हल:
माना \(\vec { a } \) = λ\(\hat { i } \) + 3\(\hat { j } \) + 2\(\hat { k } \), \(\vec { b } \) = 2\(\hat { i } \) + 2\(\hat { j } \) + 3\(\hat { k } \), \(\vec { c } \) = 2\(\hat { i } \) + 3\(\hat { j } \) + 4\(\hat { k } \)
दिये गये सदिश समतलीय होंगे यदि
[ \(\vec { a } \) \(\vec { b } \) \(\vec { c } \) ] = 0
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 43
⇒ λ(8 – 9) – 2 (12 – 6) + 2(9 – 4) = 0
⇒ -λ – 12 + 10 = 0
⇒ λ = -2

(B)
λ का मान ज्ञात कीजिये यदि निम्न सदिश समतलीय हैं –
\(\hat { i } \) – \(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \), 2\(\hat { i } \) + \(\hat { j } \) – \(\hat { k } \), λ\(\hat { i } \) – \(\hat { j } \) + λ\(\hat { k } \)।
हल:
प्रश्न क्र. 13 की भाँति हल कीजिये।
[उत्तर: λ = – \(\frac{18}{5}\) ]

(C)
λ का मान ज्ञात कीजिये जबकि सदिश 2\(\hat { i } \) – \(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \), \(\hat { i } \) + 2\(\hat { j } \) – 3\(\hat { k } \) तथा 3\(\hat { i } \) + λ\(\hat { j } \) + 5\(\hat { k } \) समतलीय हैं।
हल:
प्रश्न क्र. 14 (A) की भाँति हल कीजिये।
[उत्तर: λ = – \(\frac{18}{5}\) ]

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित

प्रश्न 15.
यदि दो इकाई सदिशों \(\bar { a } \) तथा \(\bar { b } \) के बीच का कोण हो, तो सिद्ध कीजिए कि
cos \(\frac { \theta }{ 2 } \) = \(\frac{1}{2}\) |\(\bar { a } \) + \(\bar { b } \)|.
हल:
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 44

प्रश्न 16.
दो इकाई सदिश \(\vec { a } \) तथा \(\vec { b } \) के बीच का कोण θ हो, तो सिद्ध कीजिए कि
sin \(\frac { \theta }{ 2 } \) = \(\frac{1}{2}\) |\(\vec { a } \) – \(\vec { b } \)|.
हल:
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 45

प्रश्न 17.
किसी त्रिभुज ABC में सिद्ध कीजिए कि
(A) ac cos B – bc cos A = a2 – b2
(B) 2(bc cos A + ca cos B + ab cos C) = a2 + b2 + c2.
हल:
माना की \(\overrightarrow{B C}\) = \(\vec{a}\), \(\overrightarrow{C A}\) = \(\vec{b}\), \(\overrightarrow{A B}\) = \(\vec{c}\) तथा \(\vec{a}\), \(\vec{b}\), \(\vec{c}\) के मापांक क्रमश: a, b, c हैं।
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित
(A) ac cos B – bc cos A = -ac cos (π – B) + bc cos (π – A)
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 68
यही सिद्ध करना था।

(B) 2 (bc cos A + ca cos B + ab cos C)
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 69
यही सिद्ध करना था।

प्रश्न 18.
∆ABC में सदिश विधि से सिद्ध कीजिए कि c = a cos B + bcos A.
हल:
∆ ABC में त्रिभुज के योग नियम से,
\(\vec { a } \) + \(\vec { b } \) + \(\vec { c } \) = \(\vec { 0 } \)
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 48
⇒ c2 = ac cos B + bc cos A
⇒ c2 = c(a cos B + b cos A)
⇒ c = a cos B + b cos A

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित

प्रश्न 19.
∆ABC में सदिश विधि से सिद्ध कीजिए कि
b2 = a2 + c2 – 2ac cos B.
हल:
हम जानते हैं कि ∆ABC में,
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 49
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 49a
⇒ b2 = a2 + c2 + 2ac cos (π – B)
∴ b2 = a2 + c2 – 2ac cos B. यही सिद्ध करना था।

प्रश्न 20.
∆ABC में सदिश विधि से सिद्ध कीजिए –
(A) a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cos A
(B) c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab cos C.
हल:
प्रश्न क्र. 19 की भाँति स्वयं हल कीजिये।

प्रश्न 21.
(A) सदिशों \(\vec { a } \) = 2\(\hat { i } \) + 2\(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \) और \(\vec { b } \) = 4\(\hat { i } \) + 4\(\hat { j } \) – 7\(\hat { k } \) में से प्रत्येक पर लम्ब मात्रक सदिश ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
दिया है:
\(\vec { a } \) = 2\(\hat { i } \) + 2\(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \), \(\vec { b } \) = 4\(\hat { i } \) + 4\(\hat { j } \) – 7\(\hat { k } \)
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 50
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 51

(B)
सदिशों \(\vec { a } \) = \(\hat { i } \) – \(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \) और \(\vec { b } \) = \(\hat { i } \) + 2\(\hat { j } \) – \(\hat { k } \) में से प्रत्येक पर लम्ब मात्रक सदिश ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
प्रश्न क्र. 21 (A) की भाँति हल कीजिये।

(C)
सदिशों \(\vec { a } \) = 3\(\hat { i } \) + \(\hat { j } \) – 2\(\hat { k } \) और \(\vec { b } \) = 2\(\hat { i } \) + 3\(\hat { j } \) – \(\hat { k } \) में से प्रत्येक पर लम्ब मात्रक सदिश ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
प्रश्न क्र. 21 (A) की भाँति हल कीजिये।
उत्तर:
\(\bar { n } \) = ± \(\frac{1}{5 \sqrt{3}}\) ( 5\(\hat { i } \) – \(\hat { j } \) + 7\(\hat { k } \) ).

प्रश्न 22.
सदिशों \(\vec { a } \) = 2\(\hat { i } \) – \(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \) और \(\vec { b } \) = 3\(\hat { i } \) – 4\(\hat { j } \) – \(\hat { k } \) में से प्रत्येक पर लम्ब मात्रक सदिश ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
प्रश्न क्र. 21 (A) की भाँति हल कीजिये।
उत्तर:
\(\bar { n } \) = ± \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\) ( \(\hat { i } \) + \(\hat { j } \) – \(\hat { k } \) )

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित

प्रश्न 23.
उस समानान्तर चतुर्भुज का क्षेत्रफल ज्ञात कीजिए जिसके विकर्ण 3\(\hat { i } \) + \(\hat { j } \) – 2\(\hat { k } \) और \(\hat { i } \) – 3\(\hat { j } \) + 4\(\hat { k } \) हैं।
हल:
ABCD एक समानान्तर चतुर्भुज है जिसके विकर्ण \(\overline{A C}=\bar{d}_{1}\) तथा \(\overline{B D}=\bar{d}_{2}\) हैं।
दिया है:
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 52
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 52a
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 52b
∴ समानान्तर चतुर्भुज का क्षेत्रफल
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 53

प्रश्न 24.
सदिश विधि से सिद्ध कीजिए कि समकोण त्रिभुज में कर्ण का वर्ग शेष दो भुजाओं के वर्गों के योग के बराबर होता है।
हल:
माना OAB एक समकोण त्रिभुज है जिसमें सिद्ध करना है कि AB2 – OA2 + OB2
माना कि मूलबिन्दु O के सापेक्ष A और B के स्थिति सदिश \(\vec { a } \) और \(\vec { b } \) हैं।
∵ OA और OB परस्पर लम्बवत् हैं,
∴ \(\vec { a } \).\(\vec { b } \) = 0
अब \(\vec { AB } \) = B का स्थिति सदिश – A का स्थिति सदिश
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 54
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 55

प्रश्न 25.
5\(\hat { i } \) + \(\hat { k } \) से निरूपित बल बिन्दु 9\(\hat { i } \) – \(\hat { j } \) + 2\(\hat { k } \) पर लगा हुआ है, बिन्दु 3\(\hat { i } \) + 2\(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \) के परितः सदिश आघूर्ण ज्ञात कीजिये।
हल:
\(\vec { F } \) = 5\(\hat { i } \) + \(\hat { k } \) = 5\(\hat { i } \) + 0\(\hat { j } \) + 1\(\hat { k } \)
O का स्थिति सदिश = 3\(\hat { i } \) + 2\(\hat { j } \) + k
P का स्थिति सदिश = 9\(\hat { i } \) – \(\hat { j } \) + 2\(\hat { k } \)
\(\vec { O } \)P = P का स्थिति सदिश – O का स्थिति सदिश
= 9\(\hat { i } \) – \(\hat { j } \) + 2\(\hat { k } \) – (3\(\hat { i } \) + 2\(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \) )
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 56
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 56a
बल \(\vec { F } \) का बिंदु P के परितः आधूर्ण = \(\vec { r } \) × \(\vec { F } \)
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 57

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित

प्रश्न 26.
(A) सिद्ध कीजिये कि
\(\hat { i } \) × ( \(\vec { a } \) × \(\hat { i } \) ) + \(\hat { j } \) × ( \(\vec { a } \) × \(\hat { j } \) ) + \(\hat { k } \) × ( \(\vec { a } \) × \(\vec { k } \) ) = 2\(\vec { a } \).
हल:
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 58

(B) सिद्ध कीजिये कि
\(\vec { a } \) × ( \(\vec { b } \) × \(\vec { c } \) ) + \(\vec { b } \) × ( \(\vec { c } \) × \(\vec { a } \) ) + \(\vec { c } \) × ( \(\vec { a } \) × \(\vec { b } \) ) = \(\vec { 0 } \).
हल:
चूँकि
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 59
प्रत्येक को जोड़ने पर,
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 60

प्रश्न 27.
सिद्ध कीजिये कि [ \(\vec { a } \) + \(\vec { b } \) \(\vec { b } \) × ( \(\vec { c } \) × \(\vec { a } \) ) + \(\vec { c } \) × ( \(\vec { a } \) × \(\vec { b } \) )
हल:
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 61

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित

प्रश्न 28.
दो बल \(\vec { P } \) = 4\(\hat { i } \) + \(\hat { j } \) – 3\(\hat { k } \) और \(\vec { Q } \) = 3\(\hat { i } \) + \(\hat { j } \) – \(\hat { k } \) एक कण पर क्रिया करते हैं, जिससे कण बिन्दु A (1, 2, 3) से बिन्दु B (5, 4, 1) तक विस्थापित होता है। बलों द्वारा किया गया कार्य ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 62

प्रश्न 29.
एक कण पर दो स्थिर बल 4\(\hat { i } \) + 3\(\hat { j } \)) व 3\(\hat { i } \) + 2\(\hat { j } \) कार्य करते हैं। वह कण बिन्दु \(\hat { i } \) + 2\(\hat { j } \) से बिन्दु 5\(\hat { i } \) + 4\(\hat { j } \) तक विस्थापित हो जाता है। बलों द्वारा किया गया कार्य ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 63
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 63a

प्रश्न 30.
6 इकाई का बल जो सदिश 2\(\hat { i } \) – 2\(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \) के समान्तर कार्य करता है एवं एक कण को बिन्दु \(\hat { i } \) + 2\(\hat { j } \) + 3\(\hat { k } \) से 5\(\hat { i } \) + 3\(\hat { j } \) + 7\(\hat { k } \) तक विस्थापित कर देता है। बल के द्वारा किया गया कार्य ज्ञात कीजिये।
हल:
सदिश 2\(\hat { i } \) – 2\(\hat { j } \) + \(\hat { k } \) समान्तर इकाई सदिश
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 64

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित

प्रश्न 31.
सिद्ध कीजिए कि [ \(\vec { a } \) – \(\vec { b } \) \(\vec { b } \) – \(\vec { c } \) \(\vec { c } \) – \(\vec { a } \) ] = 0।
हल:
अदिश त्रिक गुणन की परिभाषा से,
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 10 सदिश बीजगणित img 65

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions

MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem

MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem

Binomial Theorem Important Questions

Binomial Theorem Objective Type Questions

(A) Choose the correct option :

Question 1.
The total number of terms in the expansion of
(a) 7
(b) 12
(c) 13
(d) 6.
Answer:
(c) 13

Question 2.
If y = 3x + 6x2 + 10x3 + …………… ∞, then the correct relation will be :
(a) x = 1 – (1 + y)–\(\frac { 1 }{ 3 }\)
(b) x = (1 + y)–\(\frac { 1 }{ 3 }\)
(c) y = 1 – (1 – x)-3
(d) x = 1 + (1 + y)–\(\frac { 1 }{ 3 }\)
Answer:
(a) x = 1 – (1 + y)–\(\frac { 1 }{ 3 }\)

Question 3.
The total number of terms in the expansion of (1+ x)-1 will be :
(a) 0
(b) ∞
(c) 2
(d) It can not be expand
Answer:
(b) ∞

MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem

Question 4.
The mid – term in the expansion of (x – \(\frac { 1 }{ x }\))10 will be :
(a) – 10C5
(b) 10C5
(c) 251
(d) 252
Answer:
(a) – 10C5

Question 5.
For all positive integer of n, n(n – 1) is :
(a) Integer
(b) Natural number
(c) Even positive integer
(d) Odd positive integer.
Answer:
(c) Even positive integer

Question 6.
Expansion of (a + x)n is :
(a) an + nC1an-1x + nC2an-2x2 + ……….. + nCran-rxr + ………… + an
(b) xn + nC1xn-1a +nC2xn-2a2 + ……….. + nCrxn-rar + ………… + an
(c) annC1an-1x + nC2an-2x2 + ……….. + (-1)rnCran-rxr + ………… + (-1)nan
(d) xnnC1an-1a + nC2an-2a2 + ……….. + (-1)rnCran-rxr + ………… + (-1)nxn
Answer:
(a) an + nC1an-1x +nC2an-2x2 + ……….. + nCran-rxr + ………… + an

Question 7.
The fifth term in the expansion of ( x – \(\frac { 1 }{ x }\) )10 from the end, will be :
(a) \(\frac { ^{ 10 }{ C }_{ 6 } }{ x }\)
(b) \(\frac { 105 }{ 32{ x }^{ 2 } }\)
(c) \(\frac { ^{ 10 }{ C }_{ 6 } }{ { x }^{ 2 } }\)
(d) \(\frac { ^{ 10 }{ C }_{ 6 } }{ { x }^{ 10 } }\)
Answer:
(a) \(\frac { ^{ 10 }{ C }_{ 6 } }{ x }\)
[Hint: The total number of terms be 11 in the expansion of it.
∵ The 5th term from end = (11 – 5)th = 7th term from the beginning.]

Question 8.
The number of mid – terms in the expansion of ( x – \(\frac { 1 }{ x }\) )10
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) – \(\frac { ^{ 13 }{ C }_{ 7 } }{ x }\)
(d) 1716x
Answer:
(b) 2

Question 9.
The value of nC0 + nC1 + nC2 + …………….. + nCn :
(a) 2n + 1
(b) 2n – 1
(c) 2n – 1
(d) 2n
Answer:
(d) 2n

Question 10.
The value of nC0 + nC2 + nC4 + …………….. = nC1 + nC3 + ……………. will be :
(a) 2n + 1
(b) 2n – 1
(c) 2n – 1
(d) 2n
Answer:
(b) 2n – 1

Question 11.
The total number of terms in the expansion of (a + b + c + d)n will be :
(a) \(\frac { (n+1)(n+2) }{ 2 }\)
(b) \(\frac { n(n+1) }{ 2 }\)
(c) \(\frac { (n+1)(n+2)(n+3) }{ 6 }\)
(d) \(\frac { (n+1)(n+2) }{ 6 }\)
Answer:
(c) \(\frac { (n+1)(n+2)(n+3) }{ 6 }\)

Question 12.
The necessary condition for expansion of (1 + x)-1 is :
(a) | x | < 1
(b) | x | > 1
(c) | x | = 1
(d) | x | = – 1.
Answer:
(a) | x | < 1

Question 13.
The general term in the expansion of (x + a)n will be :
(a) rth
(b) (r+1)thterm
(c) (r-1)th
(d) (r+2)thterm
Answer:
(b) (r+1)thterm

Question 14.
In the expansion of ( 2x + \(\frac { 1 }{ { 3x }^{ 2 } }\) )9, then term independent of x will be :
(a) \(\frac { 8 }{ 127 }\)
(b) \(\frac { 124 }{ 81 }\)
(c) \(\frac { 1792 }{ 9 }\)
(d) \(\frac { 256 }{ 243 }\)
Answer:
(c) \(\frac { 1792 }{ 9 }\)

Question 15.
The coefficient of x3 in the expansion of ( x – \(\frac { 1 }{ x }\) )15 is :
(a) 14
(b) 21
(c) 28
(d) 35
Answer:
(b) 21

Question 16.
The independent term in the expansion of (x2 – \(\frac { 2 }{ { x }^{ 3 } }\))15 is :
(a) 5th
(b) 6th
(c) 7th
(d) 8th
Answer:
(c) 7th

MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem

Question 17.
The value of nC0 + nC1 + nC2 + …………….. = nCn the expansion of (l + x)n is :
(a) 2n – 1
(b) 2n – 2
(c) 2n
(d) 2n-1
Answer:
(c) 2n

Question 18.
The value of 15C0 + 15C2 + 15C4 + 15C6 + …………….. = 15C14 is :
(a) 214
(b) 215
(c) 215 – 1
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) 214

(B) Match the following :
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem 1
Answer:

  1. (d)
  2. (a)
  3. (e)
  4. (c)
  5. (b)
  6. (g)
  7. (f)
  8. (i)
  9. (b)

(C) Fill in the blanks :

  1. By binomial theorem the value of (102)4 is ……………..
  2. The value of second term in the expansion of (1 – x)-3/2 is ……………..
  3. The 5th term from the end in the expansion of (x – \(\frac { 1 }{ 2x }\) )10 is ……………..
  4. The constant term will be …………….. in the expansion of ( x2 – 2 + \(\frac { 1 }{ { x }^{ 2 } }\) )6
  5. The value of C1 + 2C2 + 3C3 + ………….. + nCn will be ……………..
  6. The value of nC0nC1 + nC2nC3 + ………….. will be ……………..
  7. The value of MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem 2is ……………..
  8. The value of MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem 3is ……………..
  9. The value of MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem 4is ……………..
  10. (2x + 3y)5 = …………….. up to three terms.
  11. The coefficient of x7 in the expansion of (x2 + \(\frac { 1 }{ x }\) )11 will be …………….
  12. In the expansion of (1 – x)10 the value of middle term is ……………..
  13. Third (3rd) term in the expansion of e-3x will be ……………..
  14. If n is odd, in the expansion of (x + a)n, then number of middle terms are ……………..
  15. The middle term in the expansion of (\(\frac { x }{ a }\) + \(\frac { a }{ x }\) )10
  16. The coefficient of xn in the expansion of (1 + x) (1 – x)n will be ……………..

Answer:

  1. 08243216
  2. \(\frac { { x }^{ 3 } }{ 16 }\)
  3. \(\frac { 105 }{ 32{ x }^{ 2 } }\)
  4. 924
  5. n.2n-1
  6. 0
  7. \(\frac { n(n+1) }{ 2 }\)
  8. \(\frac { n(n+1)(2n+1) }{ 6 }\)
  9. [ \(\frac { n(n+1) }{ 2 }\) ]2
  10. 32x5 + 240x4y + 720x3y2
  11. 462
  12. – 252 x-5
  13. \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\)
  14. Two
  15. 252
  16. (- 1)n(1 – n)

(D) Write true / false :

  1. The expansion of (1 + x)-3 is 1 – 3x + 6x2 – 10x3 + ………….. + \(\frac { (- 1)(r + 1)(r +2) }{ 2! }\)xr + ……………..
  2. The expansion of (1 – x)-3 is 1 + 3x + 6x2 + 10x3 + ………….. + \(\frac { (- 1)r(r + 1)(r +2) }{ 2! }\)xr + ……………..
  3. The expansion of (1 – x)-2 is 1 + 2x + 3x2 + (r + 1) xr+ ………….. +
  4. The (r + 1 )th term in the expansion of (1 – x)-2 is (- 1)r(r + 1) xr+ ………….. +
  5. The (r + 1 )th term in the expansion of (1 – x)n will be xr
  6. The total number of terms in the expansion of (a + b + c)n is \(\frac { (n + 1)(n + 1) }{ 2 }\)
  7. In the expansion of ( 3x – \(\frac { { x }^{ 3 } }{ 9 } \) )9, No . of terms is 9.
  8. The number of term in the expansion of ( 3x – \(\frac { { x }^{ 3 } }{ 9 } \) )9 is 8.
  9. In the expansion of (x + a)n then sum of powers of x and α in any term is n.
  10. The coefficient of x in the expansion of (1 – 2x)-3 is 6.
  11. The second term in the expansion of (2x + 3y)5 is 240x4y.
  12. The value of second term in the expansion of (1 – x)-3/2 is \(\frac { 3 }{ 2 }\)x.

Answer:

  1. True
  2. True
  3. True
  4. True
  5. False
  6. True
  7. False
  8. False
  9. True
  10. False
  11. True
  12. True.

(E) Write answer in one word / sentence :

  1. Find the value of 9993 by the binomial theorem
  2. Find the middle term in expansion of (x2 – \(\frac { 1 }{ x }\))6
  3. General term in the expansion of (x + a)n will be.
  4. If in the expansion of (1+x)51 the coefficient of xr and xr – 5 are equal, then the value of r will be.
  5. Find the coefficient of xn in the expansion of (1 + x + x2 + …………… ∞)2, if | x | < 1.
  6. In the expansion of (\(\frac { x }{ 3 }\) – \(\frac { 2 }{ { x }^{ 2 } }\))10, x4 comes in rth term, then the value of r will be.
  7. The 5th term in the expansion of (1 – 2x)– 1 will be.

Answer:

  1. 997002999
  2. – 20 x5
  3. nCr xn – r ar
  4. 28
  5. (n + 1)
  6. 3
  7. 16x2

Binomial Theorem Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Expand : (\(\frac { 2 }{ x }\) – \(\frac { x }{ 2 }\))5 (NCERT)
Solution:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem 5

Question 2.
Expand : (2x – 3)6 (NCERT)
Solution:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem 6

Question 3.
Expand : (\(\frac { x }{ 3 }\) + \(\frac { 1 }{ x }\))5 (NCERT)
Solution:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem 7

Question 4.
Expand : (x + \(\frac { 1 }{ x }\))6. (NCERT)
Solution:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem 8

Question 5.
find 13th term in the expansion of ( 9x – \(\frac { 1 }{ 3\sqrt { x } }\) )18. (NCERT)
Solution:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem 9

Question 6.
Find the middle term of (3 – \(\frac { { x }^{ 3 } }{ 6 }\))7
Solution:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem 10

Question 7.
Find the middle term in the expansion of (\(\frac { x }{ 3 }\) + 9y)10
Solution:
Here n =10
Total number of terms = n + 1 = 10 + 1 = 11 (odd)
Here, the term will be middle term.
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem 11

Question 8.
If coefficient of x2 and x3 in the expansion of (3 + ax)9 are equal, the value of a.
Solution:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem 12

Question 9.
Find the coefficient of x5 in the expansion of (x + 3)8
Solution:
Suppose x5 appears in (r + 1)th term Tr+1 = nC1xn-rar
Here n = 8, x = x, a = 3
Tr+1 = 8Cr(x)8 – r(3)r
For the coefficient of x5,
8 – r = 5
=> r = 3
T3+1 = 8C3(3)3
= \(\frac { 8 × 7 × 6 }{ 3 × 2 × 1}\) × 3 × 3 × 3 × x5
= 1512 × x5
Hence coefficient of x5 is 1512.

MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem

Question 10.
Find the coefficient of a5b7 in the expansion of (a – 2b)12.
Solution:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem 13

Question 11.
If the 17th and 18th terms in the expansion of (2 + a)50 are equal, then find the value of a. (NCERT)
Solution:
In the expansion of (x + a)n
Tr+1 = nCr xn – r ar
Here n = 50, x = 2, a = a
T17 = T16 + 1 = 50C16 (2)50 – 16 (a)16
⇒ T17 = 50C16 (2)34 (a)16
and T18 = T17 + 1 = 50C17 (2)50 – 17 (a)17
= 50C17 (2)33 (a)17
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem 14

Question 12.
Prove that the value of the middle term in the expansion of (1+x)2n is \(\frac { { 1.3.5 …….. (2n – 1)} }{ n! }\).2n xn
Solution:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem 15

Question 13.
In the expansion of (x + 1)n, the coefficient of the (r – 1)th, rth and (r + 1)th terms are in the ratio 1 : 3 : 5, then find the value of n and r.
Solution:
In the expansion of (x + 1)n,
Tr + 1 = nCrxn – r(1)r
Tr – 1 = Tr – 2 + 1 = nCr – 2(x)n – (r – 2)(1)r – 2
Coefficient of Tr – 1th term = nCr – 2
Tr = Tr – 1 + 1 = nCr – 1(x)n – (r – 1)(1)r – 1
Coefficient of Trthterm = nCr – 1
Tr + 1 = nCr xn – r (1)r
Coefficient of Tr+1th term = nCr
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem 16
Put n = 4r – 5 from equation (1) in equation (2),
3(4r – 5) – 8r = – 3
⇒ 12r – 15 – 8r = – 3
⇒ 4r = 12
∴ r = 3
Put r = 3 in equation (2),
n – 4 x 3 = – 5
⇒ n = 12 – 5
⇒ n = l
n = 7, r = 3

Question 14.
Prove that the coefficient of xn in the expansion of (1 + x)2n of in the expansion of (1 + x)2n – 1.
Solution:
In the expansion of (x + a)n
Tr+1 = nCr xn – r ar
Here x = 1, a = x, n = 2n
Tr+1 = 2nCr(1)2n – r(x)r
For the coefficient of xn, put r = n,
Tn+1 = 2nCn(a)2n – n(x)n
and T18 = T17 + 1 = 50C17 (2)50 – 17 (a)17
= (2nCn) xn
∴ In the expansion of (1 + x)2n, the coefficient of xn = 2nCn …. (1)
and in the expansion of (1 + x)2n – 1, x = 1, a = x, n = 2n – 1
∴ Tr+1 = 2nCr (1)2n – 1  -r (x)n
For the coefficient of xn, put r = n, ‘
We get Tn+1 = 2n – 1Cn xn
The coefficient of xn in the expansion of (1 + x)2n – 1 = n – 1Cn
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem 17
∴ The coefficient of xn in the expansion of (1 + x)2n
= 2 x The coefficient of xn in the expansion of (1 + x)2n, [from equation (1) and (2)]

Question 15.
Find the constant term in the expansion of (\(\frac { 3 }{ 2 }\)x2 – \(\frac { 1 }{ 3x }\))6
Solution:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem 18

MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions

MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 Permutations and Combinations

MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 Permutations and Combinations

Permutations and Combinations Important Questions

Permutations and Combinations Objective Type Questions

(A) Choose the correct option :

Question 1.
The correct relation between nPr and nCr is :
(a) nCr = \(\frac{[r}{^{n} P_{r}}\)
(b) nCr.nPr= 1
(c) nCr = \(^{n} P_{r} \times\lfloor r\)
(d) \(^{n} C_{r} \times\left\lfloor r=^{n} P_{r}\right.\)
Answer:
(d) \(^{n} C_{r} \times\left\lfloor r=^{n} P_{r}\right.\)

Question 2.
If nC2:nC4 = 2 : 1, then n = …………..
(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 6
Answer:
(c) 5

Question 3.
How many words can be made by the letter of the word ‘COMMITEE’:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 Permutations and Combinations 1
Answer:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 Permutations and Combinations 2

Question 4.
If nP4 = 20 x nP3, then n =
(a) 20
(b) 21
(c) 18
(d) 23
Answer:
(d) 23

MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 Permutations and Combinations

Question 5.
The number of different words that can be formed from the letter of the word ‘TRIANGLE’:
(a) 7200
(b) 36000
(c) 144000
(d) 1240.
Answer:
(b) 36000

Question 6.
In how many ways three person can be seated in 4 chairs :
(a) 42
(b) 20
(c) 24
(d) 12.
Answer:
(c) 24

Question 7.
If 15Cr = 15Cr – 3 , then the value of rC6 will be :
(a) 84
(b) 83
(c) 82
(d) 80.
Answer:
(a) 84

Question 8.
5C0 + 5C1 + 5C2 + 5C3 + 5C4 + 5C5 = ……………..
(a) 30
(b) 32
(c) 23
(d) 42
Answer:
(b) 32

Question 9.
The value of : \(\frac{1}{\lfloor- 4}\) will be :
(a) 0
(b) ∞
(c) 4
(d) 1.
Answer:
(a) 0

Question 10.
If 10Pr = 720, then the value of r will be :
(a) 4
(b) 5
(c) 6
(d) 3
Answer:
(d) 3

(B) Match the following :
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 Permutations and Combinations 3
Answer:

  1. (d)
  2. (a)
  3. (f)
  4. (b)
  5. (c)
  6. (e)

(C) Fill in the blanks :

  1. The number of words can be made by the letters of the word ‘INDIA’ ……………
  2. In order to invite 6 friends, the number of ways to send 3 servant is ……………
  3. If 20Cr = 20Cy; x ≠ y, then the value of x + y will be ……………
  4. The numbers of ways greater than 4000 can be made by the digits 2, 4, 5, 7 is ……………
  5. If 12Pr = 1320, then r will be ……………
  6. The number of ways can 8 friends be seated in a circular table is ……………
  7. If nC8 = nC12, then n will be ……………

Answer:

  1. 60
  2. 46
  3. 20
  4. 48
  5. 3
  6. 5040
  7. 20

(D) Write true / false :

  1. If nCr + nCr + 1 = n + 1Cx, then x will be 6.
  2. 5 letters be posted in 4 letter boxes in 54 ways.
  3. Fruit can be chosen from 5 guavas, 3 apples and 4 mangoes in 60 ways.
  4. The number of ways can 8 friends stands in a row is 8.
  5. The value of nCr ÷ n – 1Cris \(\frac { n }{ r – 1 }\)

Answer:

  1. True
  2. False
  3. False
  4. True
  5. False.

(E) Write answer in one word / sentence :

  1. How many four digit numbers can be formed with the digits 2, 3, 4, 5 in these number divisible by 2?
  2. How many ways can a garland be prepared with 6 flowers?
  3. If 2.nC5 = 9.n – 2C5, then the value of n will be
  4. Five points out of 15 points are collinear. If these points be joined, then how many triangles can be formed?
  5. The value of MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 Permutations and Combinations 22will be?

Answer:

  1. 12
  2. 60
  3. 10
  4. 30
  5. 56C4

Permutations and Combinations Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
If \(\frac{1}{\lfloor6}\) + \(\frac{1}{\lfloor7}\) = \(\frac{x}{\lfloor8}\), then find the value of x.
Solution:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 Permutations and Combinations 4

Question 2.
Find the value of
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 Permutations and Combinations 5
(i) n = 6, r = 2 (ii) n = 9, r = 5
Solution:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 Permutations and Combinations 6

Question 3.
If n-1P3 : nP4 = 1 : 9, then find the value of n.
Solution:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 Permutations and Combinations 7

Question 4.
IF nP5 : 42.nP3, then find the value of n.
Solution:
IF nP5 = 42.nP3, then find the value of n.
Solution:
Given:  nP5 = 42.nP3
⇒ n(n – 1)(n – 2)(n – 3)(n – 4) = 42n(n – 1)(n – 2)
⇒ (n – 3)(n – 4) = 42
⇒ n2 – 7n – 30 = 0
⇒ n2 – 10n + 3n – 30 = 00
⇒ (n – 10) (n + 3) = 0
n = 10, n ≠ – 3.

Question 5.
IF \(\frac{^{n} P_{4}}{^{n-1} P_{4}}\) = \(\frac { 5 }{ 3 }\), then find the value of n.
Solution:
Given : \(\frac{^{n} P_{4}}{^{n-1} P_{4}}\) = \(\frac { 5 }{ 3 }\)
⇒ 3.nP3 = 5.n-1P4
⇒ 3n(n – 1)(n – 2)(n – 3) = 5 (n – 1)(n – 2)(n – 3)(n – 4)
⇒ 3n = 5 (n – 4)
⇒ n = 10.

Question 6.
If nC9 = nC8, then find the value of nC17.
Solution:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 Permutations and Combinations 8

Question 7.
If nPn-2 = 60, then find the value of n.
Solution:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 Permutations and Combinations 9

Question 8.
If 12Pr = 1320, then find the value of r.
Solution:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 Permutations and Combinations 10

Question 9.
If nC14 = nC16, then find the value of 32Cn.
Solution:
Given : nC14 = nC16
nC14 = nC16-1
⇒ 14 = n – 16
⇒ n = 30
32Cn = 32C30 = 32C2
= \(\frac { 32.31 }{ 2 }\) = 496.

Question 10.
If 20Cx = 20Cy, then find the value of x + y.
Solution:
Given :
20Cx = 20Cy
20Cx = 20C20-y
⇒ x = 20 – y
⇒ x + y = 20

MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 Permutations and Combinations

Question 11.
In how many ways can 8 friends sit around a round table?
Solution:
Total number of ways of sitting 8 friends around table = \(\lfloor 8 – 1\) = \(\lfloor 7\)
= 7 x 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1
= 5040.

Question 12.
In how many ways can a garland be prepared with 6 flowers?
Solution:
Ways of preparing the garlands with 6 flowers = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) \(\lfloor 6 – 1\)
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) \(\lfloor 5\)
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\).5.4.3.2.1 = 60.

Question 13.
How many numbers between 100 and 1000 can be formed with the digits 2, 3, 0, 4, 8, 9 if repetition of digits is not allowed in the same number?
Solution:
The numbers between 100 and 1000 are of three digits.
∴Number of three digits made from 6 digits will be 6P3.
In this number which begins with 0 will be 5P2.
∴Required number = 20Cy5P2 = 120 – 20 = 100.

Question 14.
How many words, with or without meaning can be formed using all the letters of the word EQUATION? (NCERT)
Solution:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 Permutations and Combinations 11

Question 15.
How many chords can be drawn through 21 points on a circle? (NCERT)
Solution:
By joining two points we get one chord.
∴ No. of chords = 21C2
= \(\frac { 21 x 20 }{ 2 x 1 }\)
= 210.

Question 16.
In how many ways can a team of 3 boys and 3 girls can be selected from 5 boys and 4 girls? (NCERT)
Solution:
Number of ways of selecting 3 boys from 5 boys and 3 girls from 4 girls will be
= 5C3 × 4C3
= \(\frac { 5 × 4 × 3 }{ 3 × 2 × 1}\) × \(\frac { 4 × 3 × 2 }{ 3 × 2 × 1 }\)
= 10 x 4 = 40.

Permutations and Combinations Long Answers Type Questions

Question 1.
Find the number of ways of selecting 9 balls from 6 red balls, 5 white balls and 5 blue balls if each selection consists of 3 balls of each colour. (NCERT)
Solution:
Since, 3 red balls out of 6 red balls can be selected
= 6C3 = \(\frac { 6 × 5 × 4 }{ 3 × 2 × 1}\) = 20
3 white balls out of 5 white balls = 5C3 = \(\frac { 5 × 4 × 3 }{ 3 × 2 × 1}\) = 10
and 3 blue balls out of 5 blue balls = 5C3 = \(\frac { 5 × 4 × 3 }{ 3 × 2 × 1}\) = 10
Total number of ways of selecting 9 balls = 20 x 10 x 10

Question 2.
Determine the number of 5 cards combinations out of a deck of 52 cards, if there is exactly one ace in each combination (NCERT)
Solution:
Number of ways of selecting one ace from 4 ace = 4C1
Number of selecting 4 cards from 48 cards = 48C4
= \(\frac { 48 × 47 × 46 × 45 }{ 4 × 3 × 2 × 1}\)
Total number of ways = 4C1 x 48C4
= 4 × = \(\frac { 48 × 47 × 46 × 45 }{ 4 × 3 × 2 × 1}\)
= 7, 78, 320.

MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 Permutations and Combinations

Question 3.
In how many ways can one select a cricket team of eleven players from 17 players. In which only 5 players can bowl, if each cricket team of 11 must include exactly 4 bowlers? (NCERT)
Solution:
Out of 17 players, to select 11 players in which 5 bowlers and 12 batsman.
Out of 5 bowlers to select 4 bowlers = 5C4 = 5
Out of 12 batsman to select 7 batsman = 12C7
= \(\frac { 12 × 11 × 10 × 9 × 8 × 7 × 6 }{ 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 }\)
= 11 × 9 × 8 = 792
∴ Number of ways selecting 11 players = 5 x 792 = 3960.

Question 4.
A bag contains 5 black and 6 red balls, determine the number of ways in which 2 black and 3 red balls can be selected. (NCERT)
Solution:
There are 5 black and 6 red balls.
Out of 5 black balls, 2 black balls can be =5C2 = \(\frac { 5 × 4 }{ 2 × 1 }\) = 10
Out of 6 red balls, 3 red balls can be = 6C3 = \(\frac { 6 × 5 × 4 }{ 3 × 2 × 1 }\) = 20
∴ Total No. of ways = 10 x 20 = 200.

Question 5.
In how many ways can a student choose a program of 5 courses, if 9 courses are available and 2 specific courses are compulsory for each students? (NCERT)
Solution:
Number of available courses = 9.
Number of courses to choose = 5.
Compulsory courses = 2.
∴ Required number of ways = 9-2C5-2 = 7C3
= \(\frac { 7 × 6 × 5 }{ 3 × 2 × 1 }\) = 35.

Question 6.
How many words, with or without meaning each of 2 vowels and 3 consonants can be formed from the letters of the word DAUGHTER? (NCERT)
Solution:
There are 3 vowels and 5 consonants in DAUGHTER.
2 vowels out of 3 vowels = 3C2 = \(\frac { 3! }{ 1!2! }\) = \(\frac { 3 × 2 }{ 2 × 1 }\)
3 consonants out of 5 consonats = 5C3 = \(\frac { 5! }{ 2!3! }\) = \(\frac { 5 × 4 × 3 }{ 3 × 2 × 1 }\) = 10
Arrangement of 2 vowels and 3 consonants = 5!
= 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 120

Question 7.
How many words, with or without menning can be formed using all the letters of the word EQUATION at a time so that the vowels and consonants occur together?
Solution:
Given word is EQUATION.
Vowels – E, U, A, I, O
Consonants – T, Q, N.
Arrangement of 5 vowels = 5! = 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 120
Arrangement of 3 consonants = 3! = 3 x 2 x 1 = 6
Arrangements of vowels and consonants = 2!
∴ Total No. of ways = 120 x 6 x 2! = 720 x 2 = 1440.

MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 Permutations and Combinations

Question 8.
A committee of 7 members has to be formed from 9 boys and 4 girls. In how many ways can this be done when the committee consists of: (NCERT)

  1. Exactly 3 girls
  2. At least 3 girls
  3. At most 3 girls.

Solution:
Total members in committee = 7
1. Selection of 3 girls and 4 boys in committee
= 4C3 x 9C4
= \(\frac { 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 }{ 3 × 2 × 1 }\) x \(\frac { 9 × 8 × 7 × 6 }{ 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 }\)
= 9 x 8 x 7 = 504.

2. Selection of minimum 3 girls in committee
= 4C3 x 9C4 + 4C4 x 9C3
= 504 + 1 x \(\frac { 9 × 8 × 7 }{ 3 × 2 × 1 }\) = 504 + 84 = 588.

3. Selection of maximum 3 girls in a committee
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 Permutations and Combinations 12

Question 9.
How many different words can be formed by using the letters of the word ALLAHABAD, out of which in how many words vowels will come in even places? (NCERT)
Solution:
Total number of letters in ALLAHABAD = 9.
In which A = 4 times, L = 2 times.
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 Permutations and Combinations 13
= 9.8.7.3.5 = 7560.
Number of even places are = 4 and odd places = 5. Hence we can put A only in 4 places and rest 5 letters L, L, H, B, D in 5 odd places inMP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 Permutations and Combinations 14ways.
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 Permutations and Combinations 15

Question 10.
In how many ways can a cricket team of eleven can be formed from 14 players? Which win always have :

  1. Captain is always taken.
  2. When two fast bowlers are always taken?

Solution:
1. When captain is always taken (11 – 1) from (14 – 1) players.
= 13C10 = 13C3
= \(\frac { 13.12.11 }{ 3.2.1 }\) = 286.

2. When two fast bowlers are always taken = 12C9 = 12C3
= \(\frac { 12.11.10 }{ 3.2.1}\)

Question 11.
In how many ways committee of 5 members can be formed out of 6 men and 4 women ? If the committee has : (i) Only one woman, (ii) At least one woman.
Solution:
(i) Only one woman out of 4 women and 4 men out of 6 men.
No. of ways = 6C4 x 4C1
= 6C2 x 4
= \(\frac { 6 × 5 × 4 }{ 2.1 }\) = 60

(ii) Atleast one woman :
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 Permutations and Combinations 16
Hence, total No. of ways = 60 + 120 + 60 + 6 = 246.

Question 12.
If 2nC3 : nC2 = 12 : 1,then find the value of it. (NCERT)
Solution:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 Permutations and Combinations 17

Question 13.
If 2nC3 : nC3 = 11 : 1, then find the value of it. (NCERT)
Solution:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 Permutations and Combinations 18

Question 14.
Prove that:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 Permutations and Combinations 19
Solution:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 Permutations and Combinations 20

Question 15.
Prove that:
2nPn = 2n{1.3.5 …………. (2n – 1)}.
Solution:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 Permutations and Combinations 21

MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण

अवकल समीकरण Important Questions

अवकल समीकरण वस्तुनिष्ठ प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
सही विकल्प चुनकर लिखिए –

प्रश्न 1.
अवकल समीकरण \(\frac { d^{ 2 }y }{ dx^{ 2 } } \) + x2 \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = ex की घात है –
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) अस्तित्व नहीं है।
उत्तर:
(c) 3

प्रश्न 2.
अवकल समीकरण (1 + x) y dx + (1 – y) x dy = 0 का हल होगा –
(a) log xy + x + y = c
(b) log y + x – y = c
(c) log xy – x – y = c
(d) log xy – x + y = c.
उत्तर:
(b) log y + x – y = c

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण

प्रश्न 3.
उन सभी वृत्तों का अवकल समीकरण जो मूलबिन्दू से गुजरते हैं तथा जिनके केन्द्र X – अक्ष पर स्थित है –
(a) x2 = y2 + xy \(\frac{dy}{dx}\)
(b) x2 = y2 + 3xy \(\frac{dy}{dx}\)
(c) y2 = x2 + 2xy \(\frac{dy}{dx}\)
(d) y2 = x2 – 2xy \(\frac{dy}{dx}\)
उत्तर:
(c) y2 = x2 + 2xy \(\frac{dy}{dx}\)

प्रश्न 4.
अवकल समीकरण \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + y = e-x, y(0) = 0 का हल होगा –
(a) y = e-x (x -1)
(b) y = xex
(c) y = xe-x + 1
(d) y = xe-x
उत्तर:
(d) y = xe-x

प्रश्न 5.
सरल रेखा जो अवकल समीकरण \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = m को संतुष्ट करती हो तथा Y – अक्ष पर धनात्मक दिशा में 3 अन्तःखण्ड काटती हो, है –
(a) y = mx + c
(b) = mx + 3
(c) y = mx – 3
(d) y = – mx + 3
उत्तर:
(b) = mx + 3

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण

प्रश्न 2.
रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति कीजिये –

  1. समीकरण x2 + y2 = a2 के संगत अवकल समीकरण ……………………….. है।
  2. वक्र y = ecx से संबंधित अवकल समीकरण …………………………….. है, जहाँ c स्वेच्छ अचर है।
  3. रेखीय अवकल समीकरण \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + Py = Q में समाकलन गुणांक …………………………. है।
  4. रेखीय अवकल समीकरण \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + Py = Q में P और …………………………… हैं।
  5. अवकल समीकरण (x + y + 1) dy = dx ………………………… रूप का है।
  6. अवकल समीकरण e-x+y \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = 1 का हल हो ……………………… है।

उत्तर:

  1. y \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + x = 0
  2. x\(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = y log y
  3. epdx
  4. अचर
  5. रेखीय अवकल समीकरण

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण

प्रश्न 3.
निम्न कथनों में सत्य/असत्य बताइए –

  1. अवकल समीकरण y = x ( \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) )2 + \(\frac { d^{ 2 }y }{ dx^{ 2 } } \) की कोटि 2 है।
  2. अवकल समीकरण ( \(\frac { d^{ 3 }y }{ dx^{ 3 } } \) )4/5 – 2 ( \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) ) ( \(\frac { d^{ 2 }y }{ dx^{ 2 } } \) )2 = 0 की घात 5 है।
  3. अवकल समीकरण x \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) – y = 2x2 का समाकलन गुणांक e-x है।
  4. अवकल समीकरण dy = sin x dx का हल y + cos x – c = 0 है।
  5. अवकल समीकरण ydx + (x – y3) dy = 0 का हल xy = \(\frac { y^{ 4 } }{ 4 } \) + c है।

उत्तर:

  1. सत्य
  2. असत्य
  3. असत्य
  4. सत्य
  5. सत्य।

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण

प्रश्न 4.
एक शब्द/वाक्य में उत्तर दीजिए –

  1. अवकल समीकरण (1 + y2) + (2xy – cot y) \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = 0 का समाकल गुणांक लिखिए।
  2. अवकल समीकरण (1 + x2)dy = (1 + y2) dx का हल ज्ञात कीजिए।
  3. अवकल समीकरण y = x( \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) )2 + \(\frac { d^{ 2 }y }{ dx^{ 2 } } \) की कोटि व घात का योग लिखिए।
  4. अवकल समीकरण dy = sin x dx का हल y + cos x – c = 0 है।
  5. अवकल समीकरण \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + \(\frac{1}{x}\) = \(\frac { e^{ y } }{ x^{ 2 } } \) का हल ज्ञात कीजिए।

उत्तर:

  1. 1 + y2
  2. x – y = c (1 + xy)
  3. 3
  4. log x
  5. 2xe-y = cx2 + 1.

अवकल समीकरण अति लघु उत्तरीय प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
अवकल समीकरण \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + y = e-x की कोटि तथा घात ज्ञात कीजिये।
उत्तर:
1, 1

प्रश्न 2.
अवकल समीकरण ( \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) )3 = \(\sqrt { 1+(\frac { dy }{ dx } )^{ 2 } } \) की कोटि तथा घात ज्ञात कीजिये।
उत्तर:
1, 6

प्रश्न 3.
अवकल समीकरण \(\frac { d^{ 2 }y }{ dx^{ 2 } } \) + \(\sqrt { 1+(\frac { dy }{ dx } )^{ 3 } } \) = 0 की कोटि तथा घात ज्ञात कीजिये।
उत्तर:
2, 2

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण

प्रश्न 4.
वृत्त के समीकरण x2 + y2 = a2 के संगत अवकल समीकरण क्या होगा?
उत्तर:
y \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + x = 0

प्रश्न 5.
सरल रेखा y = mx + c के लिये अवकल समीकरण बनाइये।
उत्तर:
\(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = m

प्रश्न 6.
अवकल समीकरण \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = 4y को हल कीजिये।
उत्तर:
y = c.e4x

प्रश्न 7.
x2 \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = 2 का व्यापक हल ज्ञात कीजिये।
उत्तर:
y = c – \(\frac{2}{x}\)

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण

प्रश्न 8.
अवकल समीकरण dy = sin x dx का हल ज्ञात कीजिये।
उत्तर:
y + cos x = c

प्रश्न 9.
\(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + Px = Q रूप वाले अवकल समीकरण का व्यापक हल ज्ञात कीजिये।
उत्तर:
xepdy = ∫Q.epdy.dy + c

प्रश्न 10.
अवकल समीकरण (1 – y2) \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + yx = ay का समाकल गुणांक ज्ञात कीजिये।
उत्तर:
\(\frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { 1-y^{ 2 } } } \)

अवकल समीकरण लघु उत्तरीय प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
अवकल समीकरण x log x dy – y dx = 0?
हल:
दिया है:
⇒ xlog x dy = y dx
⇒ \(\frac{1}{y}\) \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = \(\frac{1}{xlogx}\) dx
⇒ ∫\(\frac{1}{y}\) \( dy = ∫[latex]\frac{1}{xlogx}\) dx
⇒ log y = ∫\(\frac{1}{t}\) dt (माना log x = t, \(\frac{1}{x}\) \( dx = dt)
⇒ log y = log t + log c
⇒ log y = log log x + log c

प्रश्न 2.
अवकल समीकरण dy/dx = ex-y + x.e-y को हल कीजिए।
हल:
दिया है:
[latex]\frac{dy}{dx}\) = ex-y + x.e-y
⇒ \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = e-y(ex + x)
⇒ ey dy = (ex + x) dx
दोनों पक्षों का समाकलन करने पर,
∫ey dy = ∫(ex + x) dx
ey = ex + \(\frac { x^{ 2 } }{ 2 } \) + c

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण

प्रश्न 3.
सिद्ध कीजिए कि y = 4 sin 3x अवकल समीकरण \(\frac { d^{ 2 }y }{ dx^{ 2 } } \) + 9y = 0 का एक हल है।
हल:
दिया है:
y = 4 sin 3x ……………… (1)
x के सापेक्ष अवकलन करने पर,
∴ \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = 12 cos 3x
पुनः x के सापेक्ष अवकलन करने पर,
\(\frac { d^{ 2 }y }{ dx^{ 2 } } \) = -36 sin 3x = -9 × 4 sin 3x
⇒ \(\frac { d^{ 2 }y }{ dx^{ 2 } } \) = -9y, [समी. (1) से]
⇒ \(\frac { d^{ 2 }y }{ dx^{ 2 } } \)+ 9y = 0 यही सिद्ध करना था।

प्रश्न 4.
अवकल समीकरण \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = sec x (sec x + tan x) का हल ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
दिया गया अवकल समीकरण है:
\(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = sec x (sec x + tan x)
⇒ dy = (sec2x + sec x tan x) dx
⇒ ∫dy = ∫sec2x dx + ∫sec x tan x dx
∴ y = tan x + sec x + c

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण

प्रश्न 5.
अवकल समीकरण \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = sec2 x + 3x2 को हल कीजिए।
हल:
\(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = sec2 x + 3x2
⇒ dy = (sec2 x + 3x2) dx
⇒ ∫dy = ∫sec2 x dx + 3∫x2 dx
⇒ y = tan x + \(\frac { 3x^{ 3 } }{ 3 } \) + c
⇒ y = tan x + x3 + c

प्रश्न 6.
अवकल समीकरण \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = sec2 x + 2x का हल ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
प्रश्न क्र. 5 की भाँति हल करें।

प्रश्न 7.
अवकल समीकरण \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = (3x2 + 2) को हल कीजिए।
हल:
दिया है:
\(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = (3x2 + 2)
⇒ dy = (3x2 + 2) dx
⇒ ∫dy = ∫(3x2 + 2) dx
⇒ y = 3 × \(\frac { x^{ 3 } }{ 3 } \) + 2x + c = x3 + 2x + c

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण

प्रश्न 8.
अवकल समीकरण x2 \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = 2 को हल कीजिए।
उत्तर:
x2 \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = 2
⇒ dy = 2.x-2 dx
⇒ ∫dy = 2∫x-2 dx
⇒ y = 2( \(\frac{-1}{x}\) ) + c

प्रश्न 9.
अवकल समीकर \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = x3 + sin 4x का हल ज्ञात कीजिये।
दिया है:
\(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = x3 + sin 4x
⇒ dy = (x3 + sin 4x) dx
⇒ ∫dy = ∫x3 dx + ∫sin 4x dx
⇒ y = \(\frac { x^{ 4 } }{ 4 } \) + ( \(\frac { -cos4x }{ 4 } \) ) + c
⇒ y = \(\frac { x^{ 4 } }{ 4 } \) – \(\frac{cos4x}{4}\) + c

प्रश्न 10.
अवकल समीकरण \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + 2x = e3x का हल ज्ञात कीजिये।
हल:
दिया है:
\(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + 2x = e3x
⇒ \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = e3x – 2x
⇒ dy = (e3x – 2x) dx
⇒ ∫dy = ∫e3x dx – 2∫x dx
⇒ y = e3x. \(\frac{1}{3}\) – \(\frac { 2x^{ 2 } }{ 2 } \) + c = \(\frac{1}{3}\) e3x – x2 + c

प्रश्न 11.
अवकल समीकरण \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = \(\frac { cos^{ 2 }y }{ sin^{ 2 }x } \) का हल ज्ञात कीजिये।
हल:
\(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = \(\frac { cos^{ 2 }y }{ sin^{ 2 }x } \)
⇒ \(\frac { 1 }{ cos^{ 2 }y } \) dy = \(\frac { 1 }{ sin^{ 2 }x } \) dx
⇒ sec2 ydy = cosec2 xdx
⇒ ∫sec2 ydy = ∫cosec2 xdx
⇒ tan y = – cot x + c

प्रश्न 12.
अवकल समीकरण (x2 + 1) \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = 1 को हल कीजिये।
हल:
दिया है:
(x2 + 1) \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = 1
⇒ \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = \(\frac { 1 }{ (1+x^{ 2 }) } \)
⇒ dy = \(\frac { 1 }{ (1+x^{ 2 }) } \) dx
⇒ ∫dy = ∫\(\frac { 1 }{ (1+x^{ 2 }) } \) dx
⇒ y = tan-1 x + c

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण

प्रश्न 13.
समीकरण \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = sin x sin y को हल कीजिये।
हल:
\(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = sin x sin y
⇒ cosec y dy = sin x dx
समाकलन करने पर,
-loge(cosec y + cot y) = – cos x + c
⇒ cos x – loge(cosec y + cot y) = c

प्रश्न 14.
अवकल समीकरण \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = y sin x को हल कीजिये।
हल:
\(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = y sin x
⇒ \(\frac{1}{y}\) \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = sin x
⇒ ∫\(\frac{1}{y}\) dy = ∫sin x dx
⇒ log y = – cos x + c

प्रश्न 15.
अवकल समीकरण \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = x cos x को हल कीजिये।
हल:
दिया है:
\(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = x cos x
⇒ dy = x cos x dx
⇒ ∫dy = ∫x cos x dx
⇒ y = x sin x – ∫1. sin x dx + c
⇒ y = x sin x + cos x + c

प्रश्न 16.
अवकल समीकरण \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = 1 – x + y – xy को हल कीजिए।
हल:
दिया गया अवकल समीकरण है –
\(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = 1 – x + y – xy
⇒ \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = (1 – x) + y(1 – x)
⇒ \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = (1 – x) (1 + y)
⇒ \(\frac{dy}{1+y}\) = (1 – x)dx
⇒ ∫\(\frac{dy}{1+y}\) = ∫(1 – x)dx
⇒ loge(1 + y) = x – \(\frac { x^{ 2 } }{ 2 } \) + c

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण

प्रश्न 17.
अवकल समीकरण \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = (1 + x)(1 + y2) को हल कीजिए।
हल:
दिया गया अवकल समीकरण है:
\(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = (1 + x)(1 + y2)
⇒ \(\frac { 1 }{ 1+y^{ 2 } } \) dy = (1 + x) dx
समाकलन करने पर,
⇒ tan-1 y = x + \(\frac { x^{ 2 } }{ 2 } \) + c

प्रश्न 18.
अवकल समीकरण हल कीजिए –
\(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = cot2x
⇒ dy = cot2 x dx
⇒ ∫dy = ∫cot2 x dx
⇒ y = ∫(cosec2 x – 1) dx
⇒ y = – cot x – x + c

अवकल समीकरण दीर्घ उत्तरीय प्रश्न-I

प्रश्न 1.
(A) अवकल समीकरण \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + y tan x = sec x को हल कीजिए।
हल:
दिया है:
\(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + y tan x = sec x ………… (1)
यह एक रैखिक अवकल समीकरण है, इसकी तुलना \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + Py = Q से करने पर,
P = tan x, Q = sec x
∴ I.F. = ep dx = etan x dx = elog secx
⇒ I.F. = sec x
अतः अवकल समी. (1) का अभीष्ट हल है:
y × (I.F.) = ∫Q × (I.F). dx + c
⇒ y × (sec x) = ∫sec x × (sec x) dx + c
= ∫sec2 xdx + c
⇒ y sec x = tan x + c

(B) अवकल समीकरण \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + y tan x = sin x को हल कीजिए।
हल:
प्रश्न क्रमांक 1 (A) की भाँति हल करें।

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण

प्रश्न 2.
अवकल समीकरण \(\frac { dy }{ dx } \) = \(\frac { \sqrt { 1-y^{ 2 } } }{ \sqrt { 1-x^{ 2 } } } \) को हल कीजिए।
हल:
\(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = \(\frac { \sqrt { 1-y^{ 2 } } }{ \sqrt { 1-x^{ 2 } } } \)
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण

प्रश्न 3.
अवकल समीकरण 3x2dy = (3xy + y2)dx को हल कीजिए।
हल:
दिया गया अवकल समीकरण है:
3x2 dy = (3xy + y2) dx
⇒ \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = \(\frac { 3xy+y^{ 2 } }{ 3x^{ 2 } } \) ……….. (1)
माना y = vx
⇒ \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = v + x \(\frac{dv}{dx}\)
समी. (1) में मान रखने पर,
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण

प्रश्न 4.
अवकल समीकरण हल कीजिए –
(1 + x)2 \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + 2xy = 4x2
हल:
दिया गया अवकल समीकरण है:
(1 + x2) \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + 2xy = 4x2
⇒ \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + \(\frac { 2xy }{ 1+x^{ 2 } } \) = \(\frac { 4x^{ 2 } }{ 1+x^{ 2 } } \)
इसकी तुलना रैखिक अवकल समीकरण \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + Py = Q से करने पर,
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण
अतः अभीष्ट हल होगा:
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण

प्रश्न 5.
अवकल समीकरण (1 + x2) \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + 2xy = cos x को हल कीजिए।
हल:
दिया है:
(1 + x2) \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + 2xy = cos x
⇒ \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + \(\frac { 2x }{ (1+x^{ 2 }) } \). y = \(\frac { cosx }{ 1+x^{ 2 } } \) …………. (1)
P = \(\frac { 2x }{ (1+x^{ 2 }) } \), Q = \(\frac { cosx }{ 1+x^{ 2 } } \)
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण
अतः अवकल समी. (1) का अभीष्ट हल है
y.(I.F.) = ∫Q.(I.F.) dx + c
⇒ y(1 + x2) = ∫\(\frac { cosx }{ 1+x^{ 2 } } \) dx + c
⇒ y(1 + x2) = ∫cos x dx + c
⇒ y(1 + x2) = sin x + c

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण

प्रश्न 6.
किसी वस्तु के बनाने का सीमांत लागत मूल्य c'(x) = \(\frac{dc}{dx}\) = 2 + 0.15 x समीकरण से दिया जाता है। इस वस्तु के बनाने पर कुल लागत मूल्य c(x) ज्ञात कीजिए। (दिया है: c(0) = 100)
हल:
दिया है:
समीकरण c'(x) = \(\frac{dc}{dx}\) = 2 + 0.15 x
समाकलन करने पर,
∫c'(x) dx = ∫(2 + 0.15 x) dx
c(x) = 2x + 0.15 \(\frac { x^{ 2 } }{ 2 } \) + A ………. (1)
अब यदि x = 0 तो
c(0) = 2 × 0 + \(\frac{0.15}{2}\) × o2 + A
⇒ c(0) = A [∵c(0) = 100]
∴ A = 100,
समी. (1) में मान रखने पर,
c(x) = 2x + 0.075 x2 + 100

प्रश्न 7.
अवकल समीकरण x\(\sqrt { 1+y^{ 2 } } \) dx + y \(\sqrt { 1+x^{ 2 } } \) dy = 0 को हल कीजिए।
हल:
दिया गया अवकल समीकरण है:
x\(\sqrt { 1+y^{ 2 } } \) dx + y \(\sqrt { 1+x^{ 2 } } \) dy = 0
⇒ \(\frac { y }{ \sqrt { 1+y^{ 2 } } } \) dy = – \(\frac { x }{ \sqrt { 1+x^{ 2 } } } \)
दोनों पक्षों का समाकलन करने पर,
∫\(\frac { y }{ \sqrt { 1+y^{ 2 } } } \) dy = -∫\(\frac { x }{ \sqrt { 1+x^{ 2 } } } \) dx + c
⇒ \(\sqrt { 1+y^{ 2 } } \) = – \(\sqrt { 1+x^{ 2 } } \) + c
⇒ \(\sqrt { 1+x^{ 2 } } \) + \(\sqrt { 1+y^{ 2 } } \) = c

प्रश्न 8.
अवकल समीकरण हल कीजिए –
(x + y + 1) \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = 1?
हल:
दिया गया अवकल समीकरण है:
(x + y + 1) \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = 1
⇒ \(\frac{dx}{dy}\) = x + y + 1
⇒ \(\frac{dx}{dy}\) – x = y + 1
यह y के सापेक्ष x का अवकल समीकरण है।
इसकी तुलना रैखिक अवकल समीकरण \(\frac{dx}{dy}\) + Px = Q से करने पर,
P = – 1 तथा Q = y + 1
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण
अत: अभीष्ट हल होगा:
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण

प्रश्न 9.
अवकल समीकरण sec2 x tan y dx + sec2 y tan xdy = 0 को हल कीजिए।
हल:
दिया है:
sec2 xtan ydx + sec2 ytan xdy = 0
⇒ sec2 tan x dy = -sec2 tan ydx
⇒ \(\frac { sec^{ 2 }y }{ tany } \) dy = \(\frac { sec^{ 2 }x }{ tanx } \) dx
⇒ ∫\(\frac { sec^{ 2 }y }{ tany } \) dy = -∫\(\frac { sec^{ 2 }x }{ tanx } \) dx + c
⇒ log y = – log x + log c
⇒ log x + log y = log c
⇒ log xy = log c
⇒ xy = c

प्रश्न 10.
अवकल समीकरण हल कीजिए।
\(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = y tan x – 2 sin x?
हल:
दिया गया अवकल समीकरण
\(\frac{dy}{dx}\) – y tan x = -2 sin x
इसकी तुलना \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + Py = Q से करने पर,
P = – tan x, Q = – 2 sin x
अभीष्ट हल y.(I.F.) = ∫Q.I.F.dx + c
⇒ y cos x = -2∫sin x cos x dx + c
⇒ y cos x= -∫sin 2x dx + c
⇒ y cos x = \(\frac{cos 2x}{2}\) + c

प्रश्न 11.
अवकल समीकरण \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + 2y = 4x को हल कीजिए।
हल:
\(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + 2y = 4x
इसकी तुलना \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + Py = Q से करने पर,
P = 2,Q = 4x
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण
⇒ y = 2x – 1 + c.e-2x

प्रश्न 12.
अवकल समीकरण cos2x \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + y = 2 को हल कीजिए।
हल:
cos2 x \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + y = 2
⇒ \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + sec2 x.y = 2 sec2 x
इसकी तुलना \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + Py = Q से करने पर,
P = sec2 x, Q = 2 sec2 x
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण

प्रश्न 13.
अवकल समीकरण cos x \(\frac { dy }{ dx } \) + y = sin x को हल कीजिये।
हल:
cos x \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + y = sin x
⇒ \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + secx. y = tan x
इसकी तुलना \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + Py = Q से करने पर,
P = sec x, Q = tan x
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण

प्रश्न 14.
अवकल समीकरण (1 + y2) dx = (tan-1 y – x) dy को हल कीजिए। (CBSE 2015)
हल:
दिया गया अवकल समीकरण है –
(1 + y2) dx = (tan-1y – x) dy
\(\frac{dx}{dy}\) + \(\frac { x }{ 1+y^{ 2 } } \) = \(\frac { tan^{ -1 }y }{ 1+y^{ 2 } } \)
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण

प्रश्न 15.
अवकल समीकरण (1 + y2) + (x – etan-1 y) \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = 0 को हल कीजिए। (CBSE 2016)
हल:
दिया गया अवकल समीकरण है –
(1 + y2) + (x – etan-1 y) \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) = 0
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण
समी (1) की तुलना \(\frac{dx}{dy}\) + Px = Q से करने पर,
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण
अतः समीकरण का हल होगा –
x.I.F = ∫I.F. × Qdy
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण
tan-1y = t रखने पर,
\(\frac{d}{dy}\) tan-1 y = \(\frac{dt}{dy}\)
⇒ \(\frac { 1 }{ 1+y^{ 2 } } \) dy = dt
∴ x.etan-1 y = ∫et.et dt = ∫e2t dt
⇒ x.etan-1 y = \(\frac{1}{2}\) e2t + c
⇒ x.etan-1 y = \(\frac{1}{2}\) e2 tan-1 y + c

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण

प्रश्न 16.
अवकल समीकरण (1 + x2) \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + 2xy = \(\frac { 1 }{ 1+x^{ 2 } } \) को हल कीजिए, जहाँ y = 0 तथा x = 1(NCERT)
हल:
दिया गया अवकल समीकरण है –
(1 + x2) \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + 2xy = \(\frac { 1 }{ 1+x^{ 2 } } \)
⇒ \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + \(\frac { 2xy }{ 1+x^{ 2 } } \) = \(\frac { 1 }{ 1+x^{ 2 } } \) )2
समी. (1) की तुलना \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + Py = Q से करने पर,
यहाँ P = \(\frac { 2x }{ 1+x^{ 2 } } \), Q = \(\frac { 1 }{ 1+x^{ 2 } } \) )2
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण
अतः समीकरण का हल होगा –
y.I.F. = ∫I.F. × Qdx
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण
y = 0 तथा x = 1 रखने पर,
0(1+1)2 = tan-1 + c
⇒ 0 = \(\frac { \pi }{ 4 } \) + c
⇒ c = – \(\frac { \pi }{ 4 } \)
c का मान समी. (2) में रखने पर, अवकल समीकरण का हल होगा
y.(1 + x2) = tan-1 x – \(\frac { \pi }{ 4 } \)

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण

प्रश्न 17.
अवकल समीकरण \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + cot x = 4x cosec x का एक विशिष्ट हल ज्ञात कीजिए। दिया गया है कि – y = 0 तथा x = \(\frac { \pi }{ 2 } \) (NCERT; CBSE 2012)
हल:
दिया गया अवकल समीकरण है –
\(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + y cot x = 4x cosec x
समी. (1) की तुलना \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + Py = Q से करने पर,
P = cot x, Q = 4x cosecx
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 9 अवकल समीकरण
अतः समीकरण का हल होगा –
y.I.F. = ∫1.F. × Qdx
⇒ y.sin x = ∫sin x × 4x cosec x dx
⇒ y sin x = 4∫\(\frac { xsinx }{ sinx } \) dx
⇒ y sin x = 4∫xdx
⇒ y sin x = \(\frac { 4x^{ 2 } }{ 2 } \) + c
⇒ y sin x = 2x2 + c
x = \(\frac { \pi }{ 2 } \) तथा y = 0 रखने पर,
0(sin \(\frac { \pi }{ 2 } \) ) = 2( \(\frac { \pi }{ 2 } \) )2 + c
⇒ 0 = \(\frac { 2\pi ^{ 2 } }{ 4 } \) + c
∴ c = \(\frac { -\pi ^{ 2 } }{ 2 } \)
c का मान समी. (2) में रखने पर, अवकल समीकरण का अभीष्ट हल होगा –
y.sinx = 2x2 – \(\frac { \pi ^{ 2 } }{ 2 } \)

MP Board Class 12 Maths Important Questions

MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities

MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities

Linear Inequalities Important Questions

Linear Inequalities Objective Type Questions

(A) Choose the correct option :

Question 1.
If x is a real number, then the solution of inequality 3x + 1 < 5x + 7 is :
(a) (- ∞, 3)
(b) (- 3,∞)
(c) (3, ∞)
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) (- 3,∞)

Question 2.
If x is a real number, then the solution of inequality \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) (3x – 1) ≥ \(\frac { 1 }{ 3 }\)(4x + 3) – 1 is :
(a) (- ∞, 3)
(b) (3, ∞)
(c) (3, ∞)
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) (3, ∞)

Question 3.
The graph of x ≤ 2 and y ≥ 2 is situated in the :
(a) First and second quadrant
(b) Second and Third quadrant
(c) First and third quadrant
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) First and second quadrant

Question 4.
In linear programming problems, the objective function will be :
(a) One of the constraints
(b) A linear function which gives optimum solution
(c) Relation between varivable
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) A linear function which gives optimum solution

MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities

Question 5.
In linear constraints the maximum value of objective function will be :
(a) At the centre of feasible region
(b) At (0, 0)
(c) At one of the vertices of the feasible region
(d) At the vertex which is situated at maximum distance from (0, 0)
Answer:
(c) At one of the vertices of the feasible region

Question 6.
Which word is not used in linear programming problems :
(a) Slack variable
(b) Objective function
(c) Concave region
(d) Feasible solution.
Answer:
(a) Slack variable

Question 7.
The minimum value of p = 6x + 16y when constraints are x ≤ 40 and y ≥ 20 and x, y ≥ 0 is :
(a) 240
(b) 320
(c) 0
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) 320

Question 8.
At which point the value of 3x + 2y is maximum under the constraints x + y ≤ 2, x ≥ 0 y ≥ 0 :
(a) (0, 0)
(b) (1.5, 1.5)
(c) (2, 0)
(d) (0, 2).
Answer:
(c) (2, 0)

Question 9.
Under constraints x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0, x + y ≤ 4, maximum value of P = 3x + y is :
(a) 8
(b) 12
(c) 6
(d) 10.
Answer:
(b) 12

Question 10.
Under constraints x – 2y ≥ 6, x + 2y ≥ 0, x ≤ 6 , maximum value of P = x + 3y is :
(a) 16
(b) 17
(c) 18
(d) 19.
Answer:
(c) 18

Question 11.
Feasible solution of linear programming is in :
(a) Second quadrant only
(b) First and third quadrant
(c) First and second quadrant
(d) First quadrant only.
Answer:
(d) First quadrant only.

Question 12.
If x is a real number and |x| < 4, then :
(a) x ≥ 4
(b) – 4 < x < 4
(c) x ≤ – 4
(d) – 4 ≤ x ≤ 4
Answer:
(b) – 4 < x < 4

Question 13.
Solution of inequality 3x – 2 < 0 will be :
(a) [3, ∞]
(b) [- ∞, \(\frac { 2 }{ 3 }\)]
(c) [3, 2]
(d) [2, 3]
Answer:
(b) [- ∞, \(\frac { 2 }{ 3 }\)]

Question 14.
The set of solutions of inequality 4x – 12 ≥ 0 is :
(a) (4, 2)
(b) [4, 12]
(c) [3, ∞]
(d) [3, ∞]
Answer:
(c) [3, ∞]

MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities

Question 15.
The solution of inequality |4x – 3| < 27 is :
(a) (- 6, \(\frac { 15 }{ 2 }\))
(b) [ – 6, \(\frac { 15 }{ 2 }\) ]
(c) [ – 6, \(\frac { 15 }{ 2 }\) )
(d) ( – 6, \(\frac { 15 }{ 2 }\) ]
Answer:
(a) (- 6, \(\frac { 15 }{ 2 }\))

Question 16.
Solution of inequality x > 2 is :
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities 1

Answer:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities 2

Question 17.
Sawant has a space to store at most 13 boxes of apples and oranges. If he bought x boxes of oranges and y boxes of apples, then correct inequality will be :
(a) x + y < 13
(b) x + y > 13
(c) x + y < 13
(d) x + y = 13.
Answer:
(c) x + y < 13

Question 18.
In which point the maximum of objective function P = 10x + 6y in the following points:
(a) (0, 0)
(b) (8, 4)
(c) (10, 0)
(d) (0, 0).
Answer:
(b) (8, 4)

Question 19.
The graph of inequality x +y > 2 is :
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities 3
Answer:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities 4

Question 20.
The solution of inequality 3x – 7 ≥ x + 1 is :
(a) [4, ∞]
(b) (4, ∞]
(c) (4, ∞)
(d) [4, ∞).
Answer:
(d) [4, ∞).

Question 21.
The solution of inequality 3x – 6 > 0; 2x – 6 > 0 is :
(a) [3, ∞]
(b) (3, ∞)
(c) [2, ∞)
(d) (2, ∞).
Answer:
(b) (3, ∞)

Question 22.
The solution of inequality 2x + 6 = 0; 4x – 8 < 0 is :
(a) [- 3, ∞)
(b) (3, 2)
(c) [- 3, 2)
(d)[- 3, 2].
Answer:
(c) [- 3, 2)

MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities

Question 23.
The set of solution of inequality x ≥ 0 is :
(a) All points of X – axis and first, fourth quadrants
(b) All points of first and fourth quadrants
(c) All points of first and second quadrants
(d) All points of Y – axis and first, fourth quadrants.
Answer:
(d) All points of Y – axis and first, fourth quadrants.

Question 24.
Variables of the objective function of linear Programming problem are :
(a) Negative
(b) Zero or Negative
(c) Zero
(d) Zero or Positive.
Answer:
(d) Zero or Positive.

(B) Match the following :

MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities 5
Answer:

  1. (c)
  2. (d)
  3. (a)
  4. (f)
  5. (e)

(C) Fill in the blanks :

  1. The maximum or minimum value of objective function is called ……………….
  2. The graph of x ≥ 0 is situated in the ………………. quadrant.
  3. The graph of y ≤ 0 is situated in the ………………. quadrant.
  4. Solution of inequality 3x + 1 < 5x + 7 is (where x is an integer) ……………….
  5. Solution of inequality 3x – 4 < 5 is (where x is an integer) ……………….
  6. Solution of inequality 4x + 3 > – 13 is (where x is a real number) ……………….
  7. Solution of inequality 7x – 2 < 5x + 4 is (where x is a real number) ……………….
  8. Solution of inequality 20x < 90 is (where x is a natural number) ……………….
  9. Solution of inequality 3x – 2 < x + 4 is ……………….
  10. The inequality of one variable is ……………….
  11. The set of solutions of y > 0 are in the ………………. and ………………. quadrant.
  12. x ≥ 2 and y ≥ 2 will be situated in the graph ……………….
  13. The domain of inequality 3x – 15 ≤ 0 is ……………….
  14. A function whose maximum and minimum value is to be found subject to the given constrains is known as ……………….

Answer:

  1. Optimum value
  2. First and fourth
  3. Third and fourth
  4. (- 3, ∞)
  5. {… – 3, – 2, -1, 0, 1, 2}
  6. (- 4, ∞)
  7. (- ∞, 3)
  8. {1, 2, 3, 4}
  9. (- ∞, 3)
  10. ax + b ≥ c or ax + b ≤ c; where a ≠ 0
  11. First and second
  12. First and second quadrant
  13. (- ∞, \(\frac { 15 }{ 3 }\))
  14. Objective function

(D) Write true / false :

  1. If the variable x is such that its value lies between two fixed point a and b, then {x : a < x < b} is called a closed interval.
  2. The function whose maximum or minimum value is to be found is called objective function.
  3. The set of values of the variable satisfying all constraint is called feasible solution of the problem.
  4. The process of doing certain specified steps in a given order is called programming.
  5. The set {x : a < x < b} which consists of both a and b is called open interval.
  6. The solution of inequality 6x – 30 ≥ 0 will be x ≤ 5
  7. The solution of inequality – 2x + 7 < – 13 will be (10, ∞).
  8. The linear inequality of one variable is ax + b = 0; a ≠ 0, ∀a, b ∈
  9. R. The line inequality of two variables is ax + by + c = 0; a ≠ 0, b ≠ 0, ∀a, b, c ∈ R.
  10. The graph of inequality x > 0 is :
    MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities 6
  11. The graph of inequality y ≤ 0 is :
    MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities 7
  12. The solution of inequality 5x – 30 ≤ 0 is :
    MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities 8

Answer:

  1. False
  2. True
  3. True
  4. True
  5. False
  6. False
  7. True
  8. True
  9. True
  10. True
  11. True
  12. False.

(E) Write answer in one word / sentence :

  1. In which quadrant lies the solution of x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0?
  2. In which quadrant lies the solution of x ≤ 2 and y ≥ 2?
  3. Write the solution of 3(2 – x) ≥ 2(1 – x) .
  4. Write the solution of \(\frac { x }{ 3 }\) > \(\frac { x }{ 2 }\) + 1.
  5. Write the solution of \(\frac { x – 4 }{ x + 2 }\) ≤ 2.

Answer:

  1. First quadrant
  2. First and second quadrant
  3. (- ∞, 4]
  4. (- ∞, – 6)
  5. (- ∞, – 8]∪(- 2, ∞)

Linear Inequalities Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Draw the graph of inequality 2x + y ≥ 6 in two – dimensional plane. (NCERT)
Solution:
Given inequality is 2 x + y ≥ 6
Consider this as an equation 2x + y = 6.
For this equation following values of x and y are given in the table :
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities 9
Plot the graph using the above table. Take a point (0, 0) and put in given inequality,
2x + y ≥ 6
⇒ 2 x 0 + 0 ≥ 6
⇒ 0 ≥ 6 Which is false.
Hence, shaded portion will be opposite of origin.
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities 10
∴ The shaded region represents the inequality 2x + y ≥ 6.

Question 2.
Draw the graph of inequality 3x + 4y ≤ 12 in two – dimensional plane. (NCERT)
Solution:
Given inequality : 3x + 4y = 12
Consider this as an equation 3x + 4y = 12.
For this equation the following values of x and y are given in the table :
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities 11
Plot the above points in a graph paper and join them.
Put (0, 0) in given inequality,
⇒ 3x + 4y ≤ 12
⇒ 3 x 0 + 4 x 0 ≤ 12
⇒ 0 ≤ 12
Which is true.
Hence, shaded portion will be towards origin as shown in figure.
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities 12
∴ The shaded region represents the inequality 3x + 4y ≤ 12

Question 3.
Draw the graph of inequality y + 8 ≥ 2x in two – dimensional plane. (NCERT)
Solution:
Given inequality : y+8 > 2x Consider this as an equation 2x – y = 8
For this equation following values of x and y are given in the table :
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities 13
Plot the above points in graph paper and join them.
Put (0, 0) in the given inequality,
y + 8 ≥ 2x
⇒ 0 + 8 ≥ 2 x 0
⇒ 8 ≥ 0 Which is true.
Hence, the shaded portion will be towards origin.
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities 14
∴ Shaded portion represents the inequality y + 8 ≥ 2x.

Draw the graph of following inequality in two – dimensional plane :

Question 4.
2x – 3y > 6.
Solution:
Given inequality is :
2x – 3y > 6
Consider this as an equation 2x – 3y = 6
Following table is prepared for different values of x and y :
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities 15
Plot the above points on xy – plane and join them.
Put x = 0, y = 0 in given inequality,
2x – 3y > 6
⇒ 2 x 0 – 3 x 0 > 6
⇒ 0 > 6 Which is false.
Hence, the shaded portion will be opposite of origin.
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities 16
∴The shaded region represents the inequality 2x – 3y > 6

Question 5.
– 3x + 2y ≥ – 6.
Solution:
Given inequality is : – 3x + 2y ≥ – 6.
Consider this as an equation – 3x + 2y = – 6.
Following table is prepared for different values of x and y :
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities 17
Plotting the above points on xy – plane and join them. Put x = 0, y = 0 in given inequality,
– 3x + 2y ≥ – 6
⇒ – 3(0) + 2(0) ≥ – 6
⇒ 0 ≥ – 6 Which is true.
∴ Shaded portion will be towards origin.
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities 18
Hence, the shaded portion represents the inequality – 3x + 2y ≥ – 6.

Question 6.
3y – 5x < 30.
Solution:
Given inequality: y – 5x < 30.
Consider this as an equation 3y – 5x = 30.
Following table is prepared for different values of x and y :
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities 19
Ploting the above points on xy – plane and join them.
Put x = 0, y = 0 in given inequality,
3y – 5x < 30
⇒ 3(0) – 5(0) < 30
⇒ 0 < 30
Which is true.
Hence, the shaded region will be towards origin.
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities 20
∴ Shaded region represents the inequality 3y – 5x < 30

Question 7.
2x + y ≥ 6, 3x + 4y ≤ 12. (NCERT)
Solution:
Given inequalities are :
2x + y ≥ 6
and 3x + 4y ≤ 12
For the equation 2x+y = 6.
Following table is prepared for different values of x and y :
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities 21
Plotting the above points on xy – plane to get straight line.
Put x = 0, y = 0 in the inequality,
2x + y ≥ 6
⇒ 2 x 0 + 0 ≥ 6
⇒ 0 ≥ 6
Which is false.
∴ The shaded region will be opposite of origin.
For the equation 3x + 4y = 12.
Following table is prepared for different values of x and y :
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities 22
Plotting the above points on xy – plane to get straight line.
Put x = 0, y = 0 in given inequality,
3x + 4y ≤ 12
⇒ 3 x (0) + 4(0) ≤ 12
⇒ 0 ≤ 12
Which is true.
Hence, the shaded portion will be towards origin.
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities 23
∴ The common shaded region is the required solution of the given inequalities.

Question 8.
Solve the following inequalities graphically in two – dimensional plane : x + y ≥ 4, 2x – y >0. (NCERT)
Solution:
Given inequalities are :
x + y ≥ 4
and 2x – y > 0
For the equation x + y = 4, following table is prepared for different values of x and y:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities 24
Plotting the above points on xy – plane to get straight line.
Put x = 0, y = 0 in the inequality,
x + y ≥ 4
⇒ 0 + 0 ≥ 4
⇒ 0 ≥ 4
Which is false.
Hence, the shaded region will be opposite of origin.
Preparing table for different value of x and y of the equation 2x – y = 0 :
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities 25
Plotting the above points in xy – plane to get straight line.
Put x = 1 and y = 0 in given inequality,
2x – y > 0
⇒ 2(1) – 0 > 0
⇒ 2 > 0
Which is true.
Hence, the shaded region will be towards of point (1,0).
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities 26
The common shaded region is the required solution of the given inequalities.

Question 9.
Solve the following inequalities graphically in two – dimensional plane :
5x + 4y ≤ 20, x ≥ 1, y ≥ 2 (NCERT)
Solution:
The given inequalities are :
5x + 4y ≤ 20
x ≥ 1
y ≥ 2
Prepared table for different values of x and y of the equation 5x +4y = 20 :
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities 27
Plotting the points of the above table on xy – plane to get straight line.
Then, put x = 0, y = 0 in the inequality,
5x + 4y ≤ 20
⇒ 0 + 0 ≤ 20
⇒ 0 < 20
Which is true.
∴Shaded region will be towards origin.
For equation x + O.y = 1 to get different values of x and y are in the table :
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities 28
Plotting the points from table on xy plane to get straight line.
Putting x = 0, y = 0 in the inequality,
x ≥ 1
⇒ 0 ≥ 1
Which is false.
Hence, the shaded region will be opposite side of origin.
For equation 0.x + y = 2, the different values of x and y are given in the table :
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities 29
Plotting the points on xy plane to get straight line.
Then, put x = 0, y = 0 (0,0) in the inequality,
y ≥ 2
⇒ 0 ≥ 2
Which is false.
Hence, the shaded region will be opposite side of origin.
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities 30
∴ The common shaded region is the required solution of the given inequalities.

Question 10.
Solve the following inequalities graphically :
3x + 4y ≤ 60, x + 3y ≤ 30, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0. (NCERT)
Solution:
The given inequalities are :
3x + 4y ≤ 60
x + 3y ≤ 30
x ≥ 0
y ≥ 0
Prepared table for values of x and y of equation 3x + 4y = 60 :
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities 31
Plotting the above points on xy – plane to get straight line.
Then, put x = 0, y = 0 in the inequality,
3x + 4y ≤ 60
⇒ 0 + 0 ≤ 60
⇒ 0 ≤ 60
Which is true.
Hence, the shaded portion will be towards origin.
Prepared table for values of x and y of equation x + 3y = 30:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities 32
Plotting the above points on xy – plane to get straight line.
Then, put x = 0, y = 0 in the inequality,
x + 3y ≤ 30
⇒ 0 + 0 ≤ 30
⇒ 0 ≤ 30
Which is true.
Hence, the shaded region will be towards origin.
The graph of x = 0 is y – axis and graph of y = 0 is x – axis.
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities 33
The common shaded region is the required solution set of the given inequalities.

MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग

समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग Important Questions

समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग वस्तुनिष्ठ प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
सही विकल्प चुनकर लिखिए –
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग img 2
(a) π
(b) \(\frac { \pi }{ 2 } \)
(c) \(\frac { \pi }{ 4 } \)
(d) \(\frac { -\pi }{ 4 } \)
उत्तर:
(c) \(\frac { \pi }{ 4 } \)

प्रश्न 2.
दीर्घवृत्त \(\frac { x^{ 2 } }{ y^{ 2 } } \) + \(\frac { y^{ 2 } }{ b^{ 2 } } \) = 1 के प्रथम चतुर्थांश का क्षेत्रफल होगा –
(a) πab
(b) \(\frac{1}{2}\) πab
(c) \(\frac{1}{4}\) πab
(d) \(\frac{1}{8}\) πab
उत्तर:
(c) \(\frac{1}{4}\) πab

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग

प्रश्न 3.
\(\int_{2}^{4} x^{3} d x\) का मान है –
(a) 60
(b) 50
(c) 70
(d) 256.
उत्तर:
(a) 60

प्रश्न 4.
\(\int_{0}^{2 a} f(x) d x=0\) होगा यदि –
(a) f (2a – x) = f (x)
(b) f (2a – x) = – f (x)
(c) f (x) सम फलन हो
(d) f (x) विषम फलन हो
उत्तर:
(b) f (2a – x) = – f (x)

प्रश्न 5.
\(\int_{0}^{2 \pi}|\sin x| d x\) बराबर है –
(a) 2
(b) \(\sqrt{3}\)
(c) 4
(d) 0.
उत्तर:
(c) 4

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग

प्रश्न 2.
रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति कीजिये –
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग img 1
उत्तर:

  1. 0
  2. 0
  3. 17
  4. 0
  5. \(\frac { \pi }{ 4 } \)
  6. πa2

प्रश्न 3.
निम्न कथनों में सत्य/असत्य बताइए –
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग img 3
उत्तर:

  1. सत्य
  2. सत्य
  3. असत्य
  4. असत्य
  5. सत्य
  6. सत्य

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग

प्रश्न 4.
सही जोड़ी बनाइए –
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग img 4
उत्तर:

  1. (b)
  2. (a)
  3. (d)
  4. (c)
  5. (f)
  6. (e)

प्रश्न 5.
एक शब्द/वाक्य में उत्तर दीजिए –
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग img 5
उत्तर:

  1. 1
  2. \(\frac { -\pi }{ 2 } \) log 2
  3. 2
  4. \(\frac { \pi }{ 2 } \)
  5. -4
  6. \(\frac { \pi }{ 12 } \)

समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग दीर्घ उत्तरीय प्रश्न – II

प्रश्न 1.
दो वक्रों x2 = 8y तथा y2 = 8x के बीच घिरे क्षेत्र का क्षेत्रफल समाकल विधि से ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
दिये हुए परवलयों के समीकरण हैं:
x2 = 8y ………… (1)
तथा y2 = 8x ……………….. (2)
समी. (1) और (2) को हल करने पर,
( \(\frac { x^{ 2 } }{ 8 } \) )2 = 8x
⇒ \(\frac { x^{ 4 } }{ 64 } \) = 8x
⇒ x4 = 64 × 8x = 8 × 8 × 8 × x
⇒ x3 = (8)3 या x = 8
समी. (1) से,
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग img 6
(8)2 = 8y ⇒ y = 8
A के निर्देशांक (8, 8) हैं।
परवलय बिन्दु तथा A पर मिलते हैं।
∴ उभयनिष्ठ क्षेत्रफल = क्षेत्रफल OBALO – क्षेत्रफल OCALO
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग img 7

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग

प्रश्न 2.
चक्र y = cosx, X – अक्ष और x = 0 तथा x = 2π से घिरे क्षेत्र का क्षेत्रफल समाकलन विधि से ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
y = f (x) = cos x
जब x ∈ [0, \(\frac { \pi }{ 2 } \) ], cos x ≥ 0;
जब x ∈ [ \(\frac { \pi }{ 2 } \), \(\frac { 3\pi }{ 2 } \) ], cos x ≤ 0
जब x ∈ [ \(\frac { 3\pi }{ 2 } \), 2π], cos x ≥ 0
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग img 8
अभीष्ट क्षेत्रफल = OAB का क्षेत्रफल + BCD का क्षेत्रफल + DEF का क्षेत्रफल
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग img 9

प्रश्न 3.
वक्र y2 = 4x तथा रेखा y = 2x के बीच का क्षेत्रफल ज्ञात कीजिए। (समाकलन विधि से)
हल:
दिया गया वक्र और रेखा है –
y2 = 4x और y = 2x
y2 = 4x में y = 2x रखने पर,
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग img 10
(2x)2 = 4x
⇒ 4x2 = 4x
⇒ x2 – x = 0
⇒ x(x – 1) = 0
∴ x = 0 या x = 1
तब y = 2x = 0 या y = 2x = 2 × 1 = 2
अत: वक्र y2 = 4x तथा रेखा y = 2x के प्रतिच्छेद बिन्दु O(0, 0) एवं (1, 2) होंगे।
अत: अभीष्ट छायांकित क्षेत्र
= क्षेत्र (OPAMO) – क्षेत्र (OQAMO)
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग img 10a
जहाँ yc = वक्र y2 = 4x तथा ys = रेखा y = 2x के लिए,
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग img 11
= \(\frac{4}{3}\) [1 – 0] – \(\frac{2}{2}\) [1 – 0]
= \(\frac{4}{3}\) – 1 = \(\frac{1}{3}\) वर्ग इकाई।

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग

प्रश्न 4.
समाकलन विधि द्वारा वक्रों x2 = 4y तथा x = 4y – 2 के अंतर्गत क्षेत्रफल ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
प्रश्न क्रमांक 3 की भाँति हल करें।

प्रश्न 5.
समाकलन विधि से रेखाओं |x| + |y| = a से घिरे क्षेत्र का क्षेत्रफल ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
दी गयी रेखाओं |x| + |y| = a द्वारा निरूपित रेखायें निम्न होंगी –
x + y = a ……………… (1)
– x – y = a ………………. (2)
x – y = a …………….. (3)
– x + y = a …………….. (4)
⇒ \(\frac{x}{a}\) + \(\frac{y}{a}\) = 1, \(\frac{x}{-a}\) + \(\frac{y}{-a}\) = 1
⇒ \(\frac{x}{a}\) + \(\frac{y}{-a}\) = 1, \(\frac{x}{-a}\) + \(\frac{y}{a}\) = 1
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग img 12
उक्त रेखाओं के ग्राफ से स्पष्ट है, कि उक्त रेखाएँ क्रमशः PQ, RS, PS और QR रेखाओं द्वारा निरूपित हैं।
अतः उक्त रेखाओं द्वारा घिरा क्षेत्रफल
= 4 × ∆OPQ का क्षेत्रफल
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग img 13
= 4 × \(\frac { a^{ 2 } }{ 2 } \) = 2a2 वर्ग इकाई।

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग

प्रश्न 6.
वृत्त x2 + y2 का क्षेत्रफल समाकलन विधि से ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
दिया है:
वृत्त x2 + y2 = a2
⇒ y2 = a2 – x2
⇒ y = \(\sqrt { a^{ 2 }-x^{ 2 } } \)
वृत्त X – अक्ष तथा Y – अक्ष के सापेक्ष सममित आकृति है अतः
वृत्त का क्षेत्रफल = 4 × ∆ABC का क्षेत्रफल
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग img 14

प्रश्न 7.
वृत्त x2 + y2 = 25 का क्षेत्रफल समाकलन विधि से ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
प्रश्न क्रमांक 6 की भाँति हल करें। [संकेत – a = 5 रखें।]

प्रश्न 8.
वक्रों y2 = 4ax तथा x2 = 4ay, a > 0 के अन्तर्गत क्षेत्रफल ज्ञात कीजिए। (समाकलन विधि द्वारा)
हल:
दिये हुए परवलयों के समीकरण हैं:
y2 = 4ax ………….. (1)
तथा x2 = 4ay ……………. (2)
समी. (1) और (2) को हल करने पर,
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग img 15
\(\frac { x^{ 4 } }{ 16a^{ 2 } } \) = 4ax
⇒ x4 – 64a3x = 0
⇒ x(x3 – 64a3) = 0
अतः या तो x = 0 अथवा x3 – 64a3 = 0
जब x3 – 64a3 = 0
जब x3 – 64a3 = 0 तो x = 4a
जब x = 0 तो y = 0
और जब x = 4a तो y = 4a
अत: दोनों परवलय बिन्दुओं (0, 0), (4a, 4a) पर मिलते हैं।
∴ उभयनिष्ठ क्षेत्रफल = क्षेत्रफल OBALO – क्षेत्रफल OCALO
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग img 16

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग

प्रश्न 9.
वक्रों y2 = 4x और x2 = 4y के बीच का क्षेत्रफल समाकलन विधि से ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
दिए हुए वक्रों के समीकरण हैं:
y2 = 4x ……………… (1)
xc = 4y ………………. (2)
समी. (2) से y का मान समी. (1) में रखने पर,
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग img 17
⇒ \(\frac { x^{ 4 } }{ 16 } \) = 4x
⇒ x4 – 64x = 0
⇒ x(x3 – 64) = 0
⇒ x = 0 या x3 = 64
⇒ x = 0 या x = 4
∴ बिन्दु 0 पर x = 0 तथा बिन्दु M पर x = 4
अतः अभीष्ट क्षेत्रफल = क्षेत्र. OAPBO
= क्षेत्र. OAPMO – क्षेत्र. OBPMO
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग img 18
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग img 18a

प्रश्न 10.
वक्र y2 = x और x2 = y के बीच का क्षेत्रफल समाकलन विधि से ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
प्रश्न क्रमांक 9 की भाँति हल करें।

प्रश्न 11.
दीर्घवृत्त \(\frac { x^{ 2 } }{ a^{ 2 } } \) + \(\frac { y^{ 2 } }{ b^{ 2 } } \) = 1 से घिरे क्षेत्र का क्षेत्रफल ज्ञात कीजिए। (समाकलन विधि द्वारा)
हल:
दिया हुआ वक्र X – अक्ष और Y – अक्ष के सापेक्ष सममित है। अतएव सम्पूर्ण क्षेत्रफल क्षेत्र OAB का 4 गुना होगा।
यहाँ y = \(\frac{b}{a}\) \(\sqrt { a^{ 2 }-x^{ 2 } } \)
वक्र पर बिन्दु P लिया। तब पट्टी PM का क्षेत्रफल ydx होगा।
x का मान O पर शून्य तथा A पर x = a है।
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग img 19
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग img 19a

प्रश्न 12.
परवलय y2 = 4ax तथा इसकी नाभिलम्ब जीवा से घिरे क्षेत्र का क्षेत्रफल ज्ञात कीजिए। (समाकलन विधि द्वारा)
हल:
परवलय का समीकरण है:
y2 = 4ax
⇒ y = ± 2\(\sqrt{ax}\)
LSL’ नाभिलम्ब है तथा S(a, 0) और 0(0, 0) है।
अतः अभीष्ट क्षेत्रफल = 2 × क्षेत्रफल OSL
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग img 20

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग

प्रश्न 13.
परवलय y2 = 4ax और रेखा y = mx के बीच घिरे क्षेत्र का क्षेत्रफल ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
परवलय का समी. y2 = 4ax ……………. (1)
रेखा का समी. y = mx …………….. (2)
मूलबिन्दु O(0, 0) है। P परवलय और रेखा का प्रतिच्छेद बिन्दु है। समी. (1) और (2) को हल करने पर,
y2 = 4ax
⇒ (mx)2 = 4ax
⇒ m2x2 – 4ax = 0
⇒ x(m2x – 4a) = 0
∴ x = 0, x = \(\frac { 4a }{ m^{ 2 } } \)
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग img 21
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग img 21a

प्रश्न 14.
प्रथम चतुर्थांश में x2 = 4y, y = 2, y = 4 एवं Y – अक्ष से घिरे क्षेत्र का क्षेत्रफल ज्ञात कीजिए। (NCERT)
हल:
दिए गए वक्र का समीकरण है:
x2 = 4y
⇒ x = 2\(\sqrt{y}\)
∴ अभीष्ट क्षेत्रफल = ABCD का क्षेत्रफल
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग img 22
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग img 22a

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग

प्रश्न 15.
छेदक रेखा x = \(\frac { a }{ \sqrt { 2 } } \) द्वारा वृत्त x2 + y2 = a2 के छोटे भाग का क्षेत्रफल ज्ञात कीजिए। (NCERT)
हल:
वृत्त का समीकरण है:
x2 + y2 = a2
y2 = a2 – x2
y = \(\sqrt { a^{ 2 }-x^{ 2 } } \)
रेखा का समीकरण है –
x = \(\frac { a }{ \sqrt { 2 } } \)
समी. (1) और (2) को हल करने पर,
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग img 23
( \(\frac { a }{ \sqrt { 2 } } \) )2 + y2 = a2
y2 = a2 – \(\frac { a^{ 2 } }{ 2 } \) = \(\frac { a^{ 2 } }{ 2 } \)
y = \(\frac { a }{ \sqrt { 2 } } \)
वृत्त और रेखा का प्रतिच्छेद बिन्दु A( \(\frac { a }{ \sqrt { 2 } } \), \(\frac { a }{ \sqrt { 2 } } \) ) है।
D के निर्देशांक (a, 0) होंगे।
∴ अभीष्ट क्षेत्रफल = ABD का क्षेत्रफल = 2 × ACD का क्षेत्रफल
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग img 24
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग img 24a

प्रश्न 16.
यदि वक्र x = y2 एवं रेखा x = 4 से घिरा हुआ क्षेत्रफल x = a द्वारा दो बराबर भागों में विभाजित होता है, तो a का मान ज्ञात कीजिए। (NCERT)
हल:
परवलय का समीकरण है:
x = y2
⇒ y = \(\sqrt{x}\) ………… (1)
परवलय तथा रेखा x = 4 से घिरे क्षेत्रफल को रेखा x = a दो बराबर भागों में विभाजित करती है।
क्षेत्रफल OEC = क्षेत्रफल EFCB
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग img 25

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग

प्रश्न 17.
प्रथम चतुर्थांश में वृत्त x2 + y2 = 4 एवं रेखाओं x = 0, x = 2 से घिरे क्षेत्र का क्षेत्रफल ज्ञात कीजिए। (NCERT)
हल:
वृत्त का समीकरण है:
x2 + y2 = 4
⇒ y2 = 4 – x2
⇒ y = \(\sqrt { (2)^{ 2 }-x^{ 2 } } \)
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग img 26
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग img 26a

प्रश्न 18.
प्रथम चतुर्थांश में वृत्त x2 + y2 = 32 रेखा y = x एवं X – अक्ष द्वारा घिरे क्षेत्र का क्षेत्रफल ज्ञात कीजिए। (NCERT; CBSE 2018)
हल:
दिए गए वृत्त का समीकरण है:
x2 + y2 = 32
y2 = 32 – x2
वृत्त का समीकरण y = \(\sqrt { 32-x^{ 2 } } \)
रेखा का समीकरण है:
समी. (1) और (2) को हल करने पर,
x2 + x2 = 32
2x2 = 32
x2 = 16
x = 4
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग img 27
x का मान समी. (2) में रखने पर,
y = 4
रेखा और वृत्त का प्रतिच्छेद बिन्दु O(0,0) तथा A(4, 4) है। B के निर्देशांक (4, 0) तथा C के निर्देशांक (4\(\sqrt{2}\),0) हैं।
अभीष्ट क्षेत्रफल = क्षेत्रफल OACBO
= क्षेत्रफल OAB + क्षेत्रफल ABC
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग img 27a

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग

प्रश्न 19.
उस त्रिभुज का क्षेत्रफल समाकलन द्वारा ज्ञात कीजिए जिसकी भुजाएँ y = 2x + 1, y = 3x + 1 तथा x = 4 हैं। (NCERT)
हल:
माना कि ∆ABC की भुजाओं AB, AC तथा BC के समीकरण क्रमशः हैं –
y = 2x + 1 ……….. (1)
y = 3x + 1 ……….. (2)
और x = 4 ……….. (3)
समी. (1) और (2) को हल करने पर, बिन्दु A (0, 1)
समी. (1) और (3) को हल करने पर, बिन्दु B (4, 9) और
समी. (2) और (3) को हल करने पर, बिन्दु C (4, 13) हैं।
अत: अभीष्ट क्षेत्रफल
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 समाकलनों के अनुप्रयोग img 28

MP Board Class 12 Maths Important Questions

MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 5 Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations

MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 5 Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations

Relations and Functions Important Questions

Relations and Functions Objective Type Questions

(A) Choose the correct option :

Question 1.
If x + iy = 2 + 3i, then (x, y) will be :
(a) (3, 2)
(b) (2, 3)
(c) (- 2,- 3)
(d) (3, 3)
Answer:
(b) (2, 3)

Question 2.
The simplest form of \(\frac { 1 + i }{ 1 – i }\) :
(a) – i
(b) i
(c) ± i
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) i

Question 3.
If z is a complex number, then z + z is :
(a) Real number
(b) Imaginary number
(c) Nothing can be said
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Real number

Question 4.
The value of \(\sqrt {i}\) = ……………..
(a) ± \(\frac { 1 – i }{ \sqrt { 2 } }\)
(b) ± \(\frac { 1 + i }{ \sqrt { 2 } }\)
(c) ± (1 + i)
(d) ± (1 – i)
Answer:
(b) ± \(\frac { 1 + i }{ \sqrt { 2 } }\)

MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 5 Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations

Question 5.
Number of solution of the equation z + z = 0 is :
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
Answer:
(d) 4

Question 6.
Argument of complex number 0 is :
(a) 0
(b) π
(c) 2π
(d) Not defined
Answer:
(d) Not defined

Question 7.
Conjugate of \(\frac { 1 – i }{ 1 + i }\) is :
(a) \(\frac { 1 – i }{ 1 + i }\)
(b) \(\frac { 1 – i }{ 1 – i }\)
(c) i
(d) – i
Answer:
(c) i

Question 8.
Argument (z1.z2) = ………………
(a) arg (z1) – arg (z2)
(b) arg (z1) + arg (z2)
(c) arg (z1). arg (z2)
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) arg (z1) + arg (z2)

MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 5 Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations

Question 9.
The least positive integer n for which \(\frac { 1 – i }{ 1 + i }\)n = 1 is :
(a) 2
(b) 4
(c) 8
(d) 12
Answer:
(b) 4

Question 10.
If |z – \(\frac { 4}{ z}\)| = 2, then |z| has maximum value:
(a) \(\sqrt {3}\) + 1
(b) \(\sqrt {5}\) + 1
(c) 2
(d) 2 + \(\sqrt {2}\)
Answer:
(b) \(\sqrt {5}\) + 1

(B) Match the following :

MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 5 Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 1

Answer:

  1. (d)
  2. (a)
  3. (f)
  4. (b)
  5. (c)
  6. (e)

(c) Fill in the blanks :

  1. The value of (1 + i)4 (1 + \(\frac {1}{i}\))4 is ……………….
  2. The value of \(\frac {1}{i}\) is ……………….
  3. The value of z – \(\bar { z }\) is ……………….
  4. Argument of – 1 – i is ……………….
  5. polar form of i3 is ……………….
  6. Argument of complex number is \(\frac { 1+\sqrt { 3i } }{ \sqrt { 3 } +i }\) is ……………….
  7. If |\(\frac { z – i }{ z + i }\)| = 1, then locus of z will be ……………….
  8. If x + \(\frac {1}{x}\) = 2cosθ, then the value of xn = \(\frac { 1 }{ { x }^{ n } }\) will be ……………….
  9. If z = 2 – 3i, then the value of z. \(\bar { z }\) is ……………….
  10. If 2 + (x + yi) = 3 – i, the x = ……………… and y = ……………….

Answer:

  1. 16
  2. – i
  3. Imaginary number
  4. \(\frac {5π}{4}\)
  5. cos\(\frac {π}{2}\) – i sin\(\frac {π}{2}\)
  6. \(\frac {π}{6}\)
  7. X – axis
  8. 2cos nθ
  9. 13
  10. 1, – 1

(D) Write true / false :

  1. Additive inverse of complex number – 2 + 5i is 2 – 5 i.
  2. If | z2 – 1 |= z2 + 1, then z lies on a circle.
  3. If | z1 | = 12 and | z2 – 3 – 4i | = 5, then the least value of | z1 – z2 | is 7.
  4. If arg(z) < 0, then arg(- z) – arg(z) = π.
  5. Polar form of 1 + \(\sqrt {- 1}\) is \(\sqrt {2}\)(cos\(\frac {π}{4}\) + isin\(\frac {π}{4}\)).
  6. If z is a complex number such that | z | ≥ 2, then the minimum value of |z + \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) | equal \(\frac { 5 }{ 2 }\)

Answer:

  1. True
  2. False
  3. False
  4. True
  5. True
  6. False.

(E) Write answer in one word / sentence :

  1. If Z1 = 2 – i, z2 = 1 + i, them find the value \(\frac { { { z }_{ 1 }+{ z }_{ 2 }+1 } }{ { z }_{ 1 }-{ z }_{ 2 }+1 }\)
  2. Modulus of \(\frac {1 – i }{ 1 + i }\) – \(\frac { 1 – i }{ 1 + i }\) will be.
  3. Polar form of complex number \(\sqrt {3}\) + i will be.
  4. If Z1 = 2 – i and z2 = – 2 + i, then Re(\(\frac { { { z }_{ 1 }{ z }_{ 2 } } }{ { z }_{ 1 } }\)) will be
  5. If the number \(\frac { z – 1 }{ z + 1 }\) is purly imaginary, then the value of |z| will be.

Answer:

  1. \(\sqrt {2}\)
  2. 2
  3. 2(cos\(\frac {π}{6}\) + isin\(\frac {π}{6}\))
  4. \(\frac { – 2 }{ 5 }\)
  5. 1

Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
If 1, ω, ω2 are the cube root of unity then find the value of ω3n.
Solution:
Since ω3 = 1
ω3n = (ω3)n = (1)n = 1.

Question 2.
Find the value of i4n.
Solution:
i4n = (i4)n = (i2.i2)n = [(- 1)(- 1)]n = (1)n = 1.

Question 3.
Find the condition of two complex numbers x + iy and a + ib are compaired.
Solution:
If x + iy = a + ib
Then, x = a, y = b.

Question 4.
Write conjugate of a complex number z = a – ib.
Solution:
z = conjugate of a – ib = a – (- ib)
= a + ib.

MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 5 Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations

Question 5.
Write the complex number – 63 in ordered form.
Solution:
Ordered form of z = a + ib is (a, b).
Given: z = 0 – 6i
Ordered pair (0, – 6).

Question 6.
Write the complex number 3 – \(\sqrt { 7i }\) in ordered form.
Solution:
Ordered pair of z = a + ib is (a, b).
∴Ordered pair of 3 – \(\sqrt { 7i }\) = (3, – \(\sqrt { 7i }\))

Question 7.
Find the value of i + \(\frac { 1 }{ i }\).
Solution:
i + \(\frac { 1 }{ i }\) = \(\frac { { i }^{ 2 }+1 }{ i }\) = \(\frac { – 1 + i }{ i }\) = 0.

Question 8.
Find the value of i-19.
Solution:
i-19 = \(\frac { 1 }{ { i }^{ 19 } }\) = \(\frac { 1 }{ { i }^{ 18 }i } \) = \(\frac { 1 }{ (i^{ 2 })^{ 9 }.i }\)
= \(\frac { 1 }{ -1.i }\) = \(\frac { – 1 }{ i }\)
= \(\frac { – 1.i }{ { i }^{ 2 } }\) = i.

Question 9.
Write (1 – i)4 in form of a + ib.
Solution:
(1 – i)4 = [ (1 – i)2 ]2 (NCERT)
= [1 + i2 – 2i]2 = [1 – 1 – 2i]2, [∵ i2 = – 1]
= (- 2i)2 = 4i2 = 4(- 1) = – 4
= – 4 + 0i.

Question 10.
Find the modulus of complex number z = – 1 – i \(\sqrt {3}\) .
Solution:
Z = – 1 – i\(\sqrt {3}\)
a = – 1, b = \(\sqrt {3}\)
Modulus = \(\sqrt { { a }^{ 2 }+{ b }^{ 2 } }\) = \(\sqrt {1 + 3}\) = \(\sqrt {2}\)

Question 11.
Find the modulus of complex number 1 – i.
Solution:
z = 1 – i
a = 1, b = – 1
Modulus = \(\sqrt { { a }^{ 2 }+{ b }^{ 2 } }\) = \(\sqrt {1 + 1}\) = \(\sqrt {2}\)

Question 12.
Find the sum of 2 – 3i and its conjugate.
Solution:
z = 2 – 3i and \(\bar { z }\) = 2 + 3i
z + \(\bar { z }\) = 2 – 3i + 2 + 3i = 4.

Question 13.
Solve the quadratic equation x2 + 2 = 0. (NCERT)
Solution:
x2 + 2 = 0
⇒ x2 = – 2
⇒ x2 = – 1 x 2
= 2i2 [∵ i2 = – 1]
x = ± \(\sqrt {2i}\) or + \(\sqrt {2}\)i, – \(\sqrt {2}\)i

Question 14.
Solve the quadratic equation x2 + 3 = 0. (NCERT)
Solution:
x2 + 3 = 0
⇒ x2 = – 3 = – 1 x 3
⇒ x2 = 3i2, [∵ i2 = – 1]
x2 = ± \(\sqrt {3i}\) or + \(\sqrt {3}\)i, – \(\sqrt {3}\)i

Question 15.
Write the triangle inequality for the two complex number Z1 and z2.
Solution:
| Z1| and | z2| are the two sides of any triangle
Then, | z0 + z2| ≤ | z1| +| z2|

MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 5 Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations

Question 16.
If T and 9 are the modulus and argument of the complex number a + ib, then write its polar form.
Solution:
Polar form of a + ib is r(cosθ + i sinθ).

Question 17.
If z = cosθ + i sinθ where |z| = 1, then find \(\frac { 1 }{ z }\).
Solution:
\(\frac { 1 }{ z }\) = cosθ – isinθ.

Question 18.
Write the statement of De – moivre’s theorem.
Solution:
If polar form of z = a + ib is r(cosθ + isinθ), then De – moivre’s theorem is
(cosθ + isinθ)n = cos nθ + i sin nθ.

Question 19.
Write polar form of i.
Solution:
a + ib = 0 + i. 1
r = \(\sqrt { { a }^{ 2 }+{ b }^{ 2 } }\) =1, θ = tan-1\(\frac { b }{ a}\) = tan-1∞ = \(\frac { π }{ 2}\)
Polar form of i = (cos\(\frac { π }{ 2}\) + i sin \(\frac { π }{ 2}\)).

Question 20.
Find the polar form of (- 2 + 2i).
Solution:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 5 Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 2

Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Convert (\(\frac { 1 }{ 3}\) + 3i)3 in form of a + ib. (NCERT)
Solution:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 5 Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 3

Question 2.
Write ( – 2 – \(\frac { 1 }{ 3}\)i)3 in form of a + ib. (NCERT)
Solution:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 5 Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 4

Question 3.
Write (5 – 3i)3 in the form of a + ib.
Solution:
(5 – 3i)3 = (5)3 – (3i)3 – 3(52.3i) + 3.5(3i)2
= 125 – 27.i3 – 75.3i + 15.9i2
= 125 – 27i.i2 – 225i + 15(- 9)
= 125 + 27i – 225i – 135
= – 10 – 198i.

Find the multiplicative inverse of following complex number :

Question 4.
4 – 3i
Solution:
Let the multiplicative inverse of 4 – 3i is a + ib.
Then, (4 – 3i) x (a + ib) = 1
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 5 Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 5

Question 5.
\(\sqrt {5}\) + 3i
Solution:
Let z = \(\sqrt {5}\) + 3i
Be multiplicative inverse
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 5 Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 6

Question 6.
Find the polar form of the following :
(i) \(\frac { 1 + 7i }{ { 2 – i }^{ 2 } }\), (ii) \(\frac { 1 + 3i }{ 1 – 2i }\)
Solution:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 5 Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 7
Now, let – 1 + i = r(cosθ + i sinθ),
Then, r cosθ = – 1 …. (1)
and r sinθ = 1 …. (2)
Squaring and adding equation (1) and (2),
r2 = 1 + 1 = 2
⇒ r = \(\sqrt {2}\)
Put value of r in equation (1) and (2),
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 5 Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 8
Comparing the real and imaginary parts,
r cosθ = – 1
r sinθ = 1
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 5 Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 9
Squaring and adding equation (1) and (2),
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 5 Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 10
∵ Real part is negative and imaginary part is positive of z, hence θ will lie in 4th quadrant
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 5 Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 11

Question 7.
Find modulus and argument of complex number z = – 1 – i\(\sqrt {3}\) (NCERT)
Solution:
Let z = – 1 – i\(\sqrt {3}\) = rcosθ + ir sinθ

MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 5 Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 12
Comparing the real and imaginary parts,
rcosθ = – 1 …. (1)
rsinθ = – \(\sqrt {3}\) …. (2)
Squaring and adding equation (1) and (2),
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 5 Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 13
Since both the real and imaginary part of z are negative.
∴ θ lies in third quadrant
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 5 Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 14

Question 8.
Find the modulus and argument of z = – \(\sqrt {3}\)+ i.
Solution:
Let z = – \(\sqrt {3}\)+ i = rcosθ + ir sinθ

MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 5 Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 15
Comparing the real and imaginary parts,
r cosθ = – \(\sqrt {3}\)
rsinθ = 1
Squaring and adding eqns. (1) and (2),
rcosθ = – \(\sqrt {3}\) …. (1)
rsinθ = 1 …. (2)
Squaring and adding equation (1) and (2),
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 5 Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 16
Since both the real and imaginary part of z are negative and positive respectively.
∴ θ lies in 22nd quadrant
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 5 Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 17

Question 9.
Find the modulus and argument of 1 – i.
Solution:
Let z = 1 – i = rcosθ + ir smθ
Comparing the real and imaginary parts,
1 = r cosθ
and – 1 = rsinθ
Squaring and adding equation (1) and (2),
(1)2 + (- 1)2 = r2 cos20 + r2 sin20
⇒ r2(cos20 + sin20) = 1 + 1,
⇒ r2= 2 ⇒ r = \(\sqrt {2}\) (modulus)
Dividing equation (2) by equation (1),
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 5 Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 17

Question 10.
Find square root of complex number 3 + 4i.
Solution:
Let \(\sqrt {3 + 4i}\) = x + iy
On squaring,
3 + 4 i = (x + iy)2
⇒ 3 + 4i = x2 + 2ixy + i2y2
⇒ 3 + 4i = x2 + 2ixy – y2
⇒ 3 + 4i = (x2 – y2) + i(2xy)
x2 – y2 = 3 …. (1)
2xy = 4 …. (2)
(x2 + y2)2 = (x2 – y2)2 + 4x2y2
= (3)2 + (4)2
= 25
∴ x2 + y2 = 5 …. (3)
Now adding eqns. (1) and (3),
2x2 = 8
⇒ x2 = 4
⇒ x = ± 2
From equation (2), 2(± 2)y = 4
∴ y = ± 1
\(\sqrt { x + iy }\) = ± 2 ± i.

Question 11.
Find square root of complex number 8 – 6i.
Solution:
Let \(\sqrt { 8 – 6i }\) = x + iy
On squaring,
8 – 6i = (x + iy)2
⇒ 8 – 6i = x2 + 2ixy + i2y2 .
⇒ 8 – 6i = (x2 – y2) + 2ixy
∴ 8 = x2 – y2 …. (1)
and – 6 = 2 xy …. (2)
(x2 + y2)2 = (x2 – y2)2 + 4x2y2
(x2+y2)2 = (8)2 + (- 6)2
= 64 + 36 = 100
∴ x2 + y2 = 10 …. (3)
Now adding equation (1) and (3),
2x2 = 18
⇒ x2 = 9
⇒ x = ±3
From equation (3), y2 = 10 – 9 = 1
∴ y = ± 1
\(\sqrt { 8 – 6i}\) = ± 3 ± i.

Question 12.
x2 + 3x + 9 = 0.
Solution:
Given : x2 + 3x + 9 = 0
Comparing the above equation by ax2 + bx + c = 0,
a = 1, b = 3, c = 9
Now, D = b2 – 4ac
= 32 – 4 x 1 x 9 = 9 – 36 = – 27 < 0
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 5 Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 19

Question 13.
– x2 + x – 2 = 0.
Solution:
Given : – x2 + x – 2 = 0
Comparing the above equation by ax2 + bx + c = 0,
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 5 Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 20

Question 14.
x2 + 3x + 5 = 0.
Solution:
Given : x2 + 3x + 5 = 0
Comparing the above equation by ax2 + bx+c = 0,
a = 1, b = 3, c = 5
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 5 Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 21

Question 15.
x2 – x + 2 = 0
Solution:
Given : x2 – x + 2 = 0
Comparing the above equation by ax2 + bx + c = 0,
a = 1, b = – 1, c = 2
Now, D = b2 – 4ac
= (- 1)2 – 4 x 1 x 2 = 1 – 8 = – 7 < 0
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 5 Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 22

Question 16.
If (\(\frac { 1 + i }{ 1 – i }\)) = 1, then And the minimum positive integer number of m. (NCERT)
Solution:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 5 Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 23

MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन

निशिचत समाकलन Important Questions

निशिचत समाकलन दीर्घ उत्तरीय प्रश्न – II

प्रश्न 1.
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 1
हल:
माना
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 2
समी. (1) और (2) को जोड़ने पर,
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 3

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन

प्रश्न 2.
सिद्ध कीजिए कि
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 4
हल:
माना
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 5
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 5a
समी. (1) और (2) को जोड़ने पर,
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 6

प्रश्न 3.
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 7
हल:
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 8

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन

प्रश्न 4.
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 9
हल:
माना
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 10

प्रश्न 5.
सिद्ध कीजिए कि
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 11
हल:
माना
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 12
समी. (1) और (2) को जोड़ने पर,
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 13
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 13
माना cos x = t ⇒ – sin x dx = dt ⇒ sin x dx = – dt
[जब x = 0, t = cos 0 = 1, जब x = π, t = cos π = -1]
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 14

प्रश्न 6.
सिद्ध कीजिए कि
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 15
हल:
माना
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 16
समी. (1) और (2) को जोड़ने पर,
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 17
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 17a

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन

प्रश्न 7.
सिद्ध कीजिए –
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 18
हल:
माना
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 19
समी. (1) और (2) को जोड़ने पर,
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 20
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 20a

प्रश्न 8.
सिद्ध कीजिए कि
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 21
हल:
माना
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 22
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 22a

प्रश्न 9.
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 23
समी. (1) और (2) को जोड़ने पर,
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 24

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन

प्रश्न 10.
सिद्ध कीजिए –
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 25
हल:
माना
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 26
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 26a
समी. (1) और (2) को जोड़ने पर,
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 27

प्रश्न 11.
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 28
हल:
माना
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 29
मान tan \(\frac { \pi }{ 2 } \) = t
∴ \(\frac{1}{2}\) sec2 \(\frac { \pi }{ 2 } \) dx = dt
जब x = π, तब t = tan 0 = 0
तथा जब x = π, तब t = tan \(\frac { \pi }{ 2 } \) = ∞
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 30

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन

प्रश्न 12.
सिद्ध कीजिए –
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 31
हल:
माना
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 32
समी. (1) और (2) को जोड़ने पर,
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 36

प्रश्न 13.
सिद्ध कीजिए –
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 34
हल:
माना
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 35
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 35a
समी. (1) और (2) को जोड़ने पर,
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 36

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन

प्रश्न 14.
सिद्ध कीजिए –
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 37
हल:
माना
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 38
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 38a

प्रश्न 15.
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 39
हल:
माना
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 40
समी. (1) और (2) को जोड़ने पर,
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 41
माना cos x = t, तब – sin x dx = dt
जब x = 0, तब t = 1 तथा जब x = π, तब t = -1
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 42

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन

प्रश्न 16.
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 43
हल:
माना
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 44
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7B निशिचत समाकलन img 44a

MP Board Class 12 Maths Important Questions

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7A समाकलन

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7a समाकलन

समाकलन Important Questions

समाकलन वस्तुनिष्ठ प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
सही विकल्प चुनकर लिखिए –
1. ∫ \(\frac { sec^{ 2 }x }{ 1+tanx } \) का मान है –
(a) loge (1 + tan x) + c
(b) tan x + c
(c) – cot x + c
(d) loge x + c.
उत्तर:
(a) loge (1 + tan x) + c

प्रश्न 2.
∫ \(\frac { x }{ 4+x^{ 4 } } \) dx का मान है –
(a) \(\frac{1}{4}\) tan-1 x2 + c
(b) \(\frac{1}{4}\) tan-1 ( \(\frac { x^{ 2 } }{ 2 } \) )
(b) \(\frac{1}{2}\) tan-1 ( \(\frac { x^{ 2 } }{ 2 } \) )
(d) इनमें से कोई नहीं।
उत्तर:
(a) \(\frac{1}{4}\) tan-1 x2 + c

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7a समाकलन

प्रश्न 3.
यदि ∫ \(\frac { 2^{ 1/x } }{ x^{ 2 } } \) dx = k(2)1/x + c हो, तो k का मान है –
(a) \(\frac { -1 }{ log_{ e }2 } \)
(b) – loge2
(c) – 1
(d) \(\frac{1}{2}\)
उत्तर:
(a) \(\frac { -1 }{ log_{ e }2 } \)

प्रश्न 4.
∫ \(\frac { e^{ x }(1+x) }{ cos^{ 2 }(xe^{ x }) } \) dx का मान है –
(a) 2loge cos(xex) + c
(b) sec(xex) + c
(c) tan(xex) + c
(d) tan(x + ex) + c
उत्तर:
(c) tan(xex) + c

प्रश्न 5.
यदि ∫ x sin x dx = – x cos x + α हो, तो α का मान होगा –
(a) sin x + c
(b) cos x + c
(c) c
(d) इनमें से कोई नहीं।
उत्तर:
(a) sin x + c

प्रश्न 2.
रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति कीजिए –
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 1
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 1a
उत्तर:

  1. \(\frac{1}{a}\) tan-1 ( \(\frac{x}{a}\) ) + c
  2. log [x + \(\sqrt { x^{ 2 }-a^{ 2 } } \) ] + c
  3. log [x + \(\sqrt { a^{ 2 }-x^{ 2 } } \) ] + c
  4. \(\frac{x}{2}\) \(\sqrt { a^{ 2 }-x^{ 2 } } \) + \(\frac { a^{ 2 } }{ 2 } \) sin-1( \(\frac{x}{a}\) ) + c
  5. log(sec x + tan x) + c
  6. sin-1 x + \(\sqrt { 1-x } \) + c
  7. tan x + sec x

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7a समाकलन

प्रश्न 3.
निम्न कथनों में सत्य/असत्य बताइए –
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 2
उत्तर:

  1. सत्य
  2. सत्य
  3. असत्य
  4. सत्य
  5. असत्य
  6. असत्य।

प्रश्न 4.
सही जोड़ी बनाइये –
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 3
उत्तर:

  1. (a)
  2. (d)
  3. (e)
  4. (b)
  5. (c)
  6. (f).

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7a समाकलन

प्रश्न 5.
एक शब्द/वाक्य में उत्तर दीजिए –

  1. ∫ ex(sin x + cos x) dx का मान क्या है?
  2. ∫ \(\frac { cotx }{ log(sinx) } \) dx का मान क्या है?
  3. ∫ \(\frac { dx }{ sin^{ 2 }x+4cos^{ 2 }x } \) का मान क्या है?
  4. ∫ cosec x dx का मान क्या है?
  5. ∫ log x dx का मान क्या है?
  6. ∫ \(\frac { dx }{ \sqrt { 4-x^{ 2 } } } \)

उत्तर:

  1. ex sin x
  2. log log sin x
  3. \(\frac{1}{2}\) tan-1 ( \(\frac { tanx }{ 2 } \) )
  4. log tan \(\frac{x}{2}\)
  5. x(log x + 1)
  6. sin-1 \(\frac{x}{2}\)

समाकलन अति लघु उत्तरीय प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
∫ \(\frac { e^{ tan-1x } }{ 1+x^{ 2 } } \) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिये।
उत्तर:
etan-1x + c

प्रश्न 2.
∫elog(sinx) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिये।
उत्तर:
– cos x + c

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7a समाकलन

प्रश्न 3.
∫2 sin x cos x dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिये।
उत्तर:
sin2 x + c

प्रश्न 4.
∫\(\frac { dx }{ a^{ 2 }-x^{ 2 } } \) का मान लिखिये।
उत्तर:
\(\frac{1}{2a}\) log \(\frac{a+x}{a-x}\)

प्रश्न 5.
∫\(\frac { dx }{ x^{ 2 }-a^{ 2 } } \) का मान लिखिये।
उत्तर:
\(\frac{1}{2a}\) log \(\frac{x-a}{x+a}\)

प्रश्न 6.
∫ex ( \(\frac{1}{x}\) – \(\frac { 1 }{ x^{ 2 } } \) ) का मान ज्ञात कीजिये।
उत्तर:
\(\frac { e^{ x } }{ x } \) + c

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7a समाकलन

प्रश्न 7.
∫\(\frac { 1 }{ log_{ x }e } \) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिये।
उत्तर:
x log \(\frac{x}{e}\) + c

प्रश्न 8.
यदि ∫\(\frac { dx }{ (1+x)\sqrt { x } } \) = f (x) + c, जहाँ c एक स्वेच्छ अचर है, तब फलन f (x) क्या है?
उत्तर:
2 tan-1 x

प्रश्न 9.
∫\(\frac { 1+logx }{ x } \) dx का मान ज्ञात करने में कौन-सा प्रतिस्थापन उचित रहेगा?
उत्तर:
1 + log x = t

प्रश्न 10.
यदि ∫\(\frac { 1 }{ 1+xsinx } \) dx = tan ( \(\frac{x}{2}\) + a) + b है, तब a और b क्या होंगे?
उत्तर:
a = – \(\frac { \pi }{ 4 } \), b = 3

प्रश्न 11.
∫\(\frac { sin\sqrt { x } }{ \sqrt { x } } \) dx का मान ज्ञात करने के लिये उचित प्रतिस्थापन क्या होगा?
उत्तर:
x = t2

प्रश्न 12.
∫sin(ax + b) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिये।
उत्तर:
– \(\frac{1}{a}\) cos(ax + b)

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7a समाकलन

प्रश्न 13.
∫\(\frac{1}{ax+b}\) का मान ज्ञात कीजिये।
उत्तर:
\(\frac{1}{a}\) log(ax + b)

प्रश्न 14.
∫tan2 x dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिये।
उत्तर:
tan x – x + c

प्रश्न 15.
\(\frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { a^{ 2 }-x^{ 2 } } } \) का मान लिखिये।
उत्तर:
sin-1 ( \(\frac{x}{a}\) ) + c

प्रश्न 16.
∫elogex2 dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिये।
उत्तर:
\(\frac { x^{ 3 } }{ 3 } \) + c

प्रश्न 17.
∫elogx dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिये।
उत्तर:
\(\frac { x^{ 2 } }{ 2 } \) + c

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7a समाकलन

प्रश्न 18.
∫ex [f (x) + f'(x)] dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिये।
उत्तर:
ex f (x) + c

प्रश्न 19.
∫(1 + x + \(\frac { x^{ 2 } }{ 2! } \) + ………………..) dx का मान कितना है?
उत्तर:
ex

प्रश्न 20.
∫ex (log x + \(\frac{1}{x}\) ) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिये।
उत्तर:
ex log x + c

समाकलन लघु उत्तरीय प्रश्न

पश्न 1.
मूल्यांकन कीजिये –
∫\(\frac { cos2x+2sin^{ 2 }x }{ cos^{ 2 }x } \) dx (CBSE 2018)
हल:
∫\(\frac { cos2x+2sin^{ 2 }x }{ cos^{ 2 }x } \) dx
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 4
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 4a

प्रश्न 2.
∫\(\frac { 1-sinx }{ cos^{ 2 }x } \) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिये। (NCERT)
हल:
माना I = ∫\(\frac { 1-sinx }{ cos^{ 2 }x } \) dx
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 5

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7a समाकलन

प्रश्न 3.
∫\(\frac { 2-3sinx }{ cos^{ 2 }x } \) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिये। (NCERT)
हल:
माना I = ∫\(\frac { 2-3sinx }{ cos^{ 2 }x } \) dx
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 6

प्रश्न 4.
∫sin-1(cos x) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिये। (NCERT)
हल:
माना I = ∫sin-1(cos x) dx
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 7

प्रश्न 5.
∫\(\frac { dx }{ 1+cos2x } \) का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना I = ∫\(\frac { dx }{ 1+cos2x } \)
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 8

प्रश्न 6.
∫tan-1 xdx का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना I = ∫tan-1 x. 1 dx
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 9

प्रश्न 7.
∫sin2x dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 10

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7a समाकलन

प्रश्न 8.
∫\(\frac { cosx }{ cos(x-a) } \) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना I = ∫\(\frac { cosx }{ cos(x-a) } \) dx
x – α = t ⇒ x = t + α
dx = dt
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 11
= cos α ∫dt – sin α ∫ tan t dt = cos α.t – sin α. log sec t + c
= cos α. (x – a) – sin α log sec (x – a) + c

प्रश्न 9.
(A) ∫\(\frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { 1+cosx } } \) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना
I = ∫\(\frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { 1+cosx } } \) dx
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 12

(B)∫\(\sqrt { 1+sin2x } \) dx का मान  ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना
I = ∫\(\sqrt { 1+sin2x } \) dx
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 13

(C) ∫\(\sqrt { 1+cos2x } \) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
प्रश्न क्र. 9 (B) की भाँति हल करें।

(D) ∫\(\sqrt { 1-sin2x } \) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
उत्तर:
प्रश्न क्र. 9 (B) की भाँति हल करें।

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7a समाकलन

प्रश्न 10.
(A) ∫\(\frac { e^{ x }(1+x) }{ cos^{ 2 }(xe^{ x }) } \) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना
I = ∫\(\frac { e^{ x }(1+x) }{ cos^{ 2 }(xe^{ x }) } \) dx
माना xex = t ⇒ ex (1 + x) dx = dt
∴ I = ∫\(\frac { dt }{ cos^{ 2 }t } \) = ∫sec2 t dt = tan t = tan(xex)

(B)
∫\(\frac { e^{ tan-1x } }{ 1+x^{ 2 } } \) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना
I = ∫\(\frac { e^{ tan-1x } }{ 1+x^{ 2 } } \) dx
= ∫ex dt, [माना tan-1 x = t, \(\frac { 1 }{ 1+x^{ 2 } } \) dx = dt]
= et = etan-1x.

प्रश्न 11.
∫\(\frac { dx }{ 1-sinx } \) का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 14

प्रश्न 12.
∫\(\frac{logx}{x}\) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना
I = ∫\(\frac{logx}{x}\) dx
माना log x = t ⇒ \(\frac{1}{x}\) dx = dt
∴ I = ∫t dt = \(\frac { t^{ 2 } }{ 2 } \) + c = \(\frac { (logx)^{ 2 } }{ 2 } \) + c

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7a समाकलन

प्रश्न 13.
(A) ∫\(\frac{dx}{1-cosx}\) का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 15

(B) ∫\(\frac{dx}{1+cosx}\) का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 16

प्रश्न 14.
∫\(\frac { dx }{ 1+sinx } \) का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 17

प्रश्न 15.
∫\(\frac { cos\sqrt { x } }{ \sqrt { x } } \) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना
∫\(\frac { cos\sqrt { x } }{ \sqrt { x } } \) dx
माना \(\sqrt{x}\) = t ⇒ \(\frac { dx }{ 2\sqrt { x } } \) = dt ⇒ \(\frac { dx }{ \sqrt { x } } \) = 2dt
∴ I = ∫cos t(2dt)
= 2∫cos t dt = 2 sin t + c = 2 sin \(\sqrt{x}\) + c

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7a समाकलन

प्रश्न 16.
∫\(\frac { 1-cos2x }{ 1+cos2x } \) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 18
= tan x – x + c

प्रश्न 17.
\(\frac { x^{ 4 } }{ x^{ 2 }+1 } \) का समाकलन x के सापेक्ष कीजिए।
हल:
माना
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 19

प्रश्न 18.
∫\(\frac { sec^{ 2 }(logx) }{ x } \) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना
I = ∫\(\frac { sec^{ 2 }(logx) }{ x } \) dx
log x = t रखने पर,
⇒ \(\frac{1}{x}\) dx = dt
∴ I = ∫sec2 tdt
⇒ I = tan t + c
⇒ I = tan(log x) + c

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7a समाकलन

प्रश्न 19.
∫\(\frac { sin(logx) }{ x } \) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना
log x = t रखने पर,
⇒ \(\frac{1}{x}\) dx = dt
∴ I = ∫sin t dt = – cos t + c
⇒ I = – cos(log x) + c

प्रश्न 20.
∫\(\frac { cos(logx) }{ x } \) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
प्रश्न क्र. 19 की भाँति हल करें।

प्रश्न 21.
(A) मान ज्ञात कीजिए – ∫tan2 x dx?
हल:
I = ∫tan2 x dx = ∫(sec2 x – 1) dx
= ∫sec2 x dx – ∫1dx = tan x – x

(B)
मान ज्ञात कीजिए – ∫cot2 x dx?
हलः
I = ∫cot2 x dx = ∫(cosec2 x – 1 dx
= ∫cosec2 x dx – ∫1. dx = – cot x – x

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7a समाकलन

प्रश्न 22.
∫\(\frac { sinx }{ 1+cosx } \) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिये।
हल:
I = ∫\(\frac { sinx }{ 1+cosx } \) dx
= ∫\(\frac{1}{t}\) dt, (1 + cos x = t रखने पर sin x dx = dt)
= log t
= log (1 + cos x)

प्रश्न 23.
∫\(\frac { sin^{ =1 }x }{ \sqrt { 1-x^{ 2 } } } \) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिये।
हल:
I = \(\frac { sin^{ =1 }x }{ \sqrt { 1-x^{ 2 } } } \) dx
= ∫t dt (sin-1 x = t रखने पर ⇒ \(\frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { 1-x^{ 2 } } } \) dx = dt)
= \(\frac { t^{ 2 } }{ 2 } \)
= \(\frac{1}{2}\) (sin-1 x)2

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7a समाकलन

समाकलन दीर्घ उत्तरीय प्रश्न – I

प्रश्न 1.
∫\(\sqrt { \frac { a+x }{ a-x } } \) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना
I = ∫\(\sqrt { \frac { a+x }{ a-x } } \)
पुनः माना x = a cos θ ⇒ dx = – a sinθ dθ
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 20
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 20a

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7a समाकलन

प्रश्न 2.
मान ज्ञात कीजिए –
∫[ \(\frac { 1 }{ (logx)^{ 2 } } \) – \(\frac { 2 }{ (logx)^{ 3 } } \) ] dx?
हल:
माना
I = ∫[ \(\frac { 1 }{ (logx)^{ 2 } } \) – \(\frac { 2 }{ (logx)^{ 3 } } \) ] dx
पुनः माना log x = t ⇒ x = et ⇒ dx = et dt
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 21

प्रश्न 3.
∫sin-1 x dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 22
पुनः माना 1 – x2 = t ⇒ -2x dx = dt
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 23

प्रश्न 4.
∫cos-1 x dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
I = ∫cos-1 x dx
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 24

प्रश्न 5.
(A)
∫\(\frac { x^{ 2 } }{ 1+x } \) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन

(B) ∫\(\frac { x }{ 1+x^{ 4 } } \) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 25

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7a समाकलन

प्रश्न 6.
∫\(\frac { 1 }{ sinx-cosx } \) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 26

प्रश्न 7.
∫\(\frac { dx }{ e^{ x }+1 } \) का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 27

प्रश्न 8.
∫sec3 xdx का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना I = ∫sec3 xdx = ∫secx. sec2 xdx
= sec x ∫sec2 xdx – ∫ [ \(\frac{d}{dx}\) sec x ∫sec2 xdx] dx, [खण्डशः समाकलन द्वारा]
= sec x tan x – ∫sec x tan x tan x dx
= sec x tan x – ∫sec x tan2 x dx
= sec x tan x – ∫sec x(sec2 x – 1)dx
= sec x tan x – ∫sec3 x dx + ∫sec x dx
⇒ I = sec x tan x – I + log(sec x + tan x)
⇒ 2I = sec x tan x + log(sec x + tan x)
⇒ I = \(\frac{1}{2}\) [sec x tan x + log(sec x + tan x)]

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7a समाकलन

प्रश्न 9.
∫\(\frac { dx }{ x^{ 2 }-a^{ 2 } } \) का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 28
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 28a

प्रश्न 10.
∫\(\frac { 3x }{ (x-2)(x+1) } \) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना ∫\(\frac { 3x }{ (x-2)(x+1) } \) = \(\frac { A }{ x-2 } \) + \(\frac { B }{ x+1 } \) ……………….. (1)
⇒ \(\frac { 3x }{ (x-2)(x+1) } \) = \(\frac { A(x+1)+B(x-2) }{ (x-2)(x+1) } \)
⇒ 3x = A(x + 1) + B(x – 2)
⇒ 3x = (A + B)x + (A – 2B) …………………. (2)
समी. (2) के दोनों पक्षों में x के गुणांकों तथा अचर पदों की तुलना करने पर,
3 = A + B
0 = A – 2B
3 = 3B
⇒ B = 1
तथा A = 2B = 2
∴ ∫\(\frac { 3x }{ (x-2)(x+1) } \) dx = ∫\(\frac { 2 }{ x-2 } \) dx + ∫\(\frac { dx }{ x+1 } \)
= 2 log(x – 2) + log(x + 1) + c

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7a समाकलन

प्रश्न 11.
∫\(\frac { x^{ 2 }+1 }{ x^{ 4 }-x^{ 2 }+1 } \) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 29

प्रश्न 12.
∫\(\frac { x^{ 2 }+1 }{ x^{ 4 }+x^{ 2 }+1 } \) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
प्रश्न क्र. 11 की भाँति हल करें।
उत्तर: \(\frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { 3 } } \) tan-1 ( \(\frac { x^{ 2 }-1 }{ \sqrt { 3.x } } \) ) + c

प्रश्न 13.
मान ज्ञात कीजिए –
∫\(\frac { dx }{ \sqrt { x^{ 2 }+2x+3 } } \)?
हल:
माना
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 30
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 30a

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7a समाकलन

प्रश्न 14.
फलन \(\frac { 1 }{ 1+sin^{ 2 } } \) का x सापेक्ष समाकलन कीजिए।
हल:
माना
I = ∫\(\frac { 1 }{ 1+sin^{ 2 } } \) dx
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 31

प्रश्न 15.
∫\(\frac { cos2x }{ (cosx+sinx)^{ 2 } } \) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना
I = ∫\(\frac { cos2x }{ (cosx+sinx)^{ 2 } } \) dx
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 32
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 32a
cos x + sin x = रकने पर
\(\frac{d}{dx}\) (cos x + sin x) = \(\frac{dt}{dx}\)
⇒ (-sin x + cos x) dx = dt
∴ t = ∫\(\frac{dt}{t}\)
⇒ I = log t + c
अतः I = log(cos x + sin x) + c

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7a समाकलन

प्रश्न 16.
∫\(\frac { 1+tanx }{ x+logsecx } \) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना I = ∫\(\frac { 1+tanx }{ x+logsecx } \) dx
x + log sec x = t रकने पर
\(\frac{d}{dx}\) [x + log(sec x)] = \(\frac{dt}{dx}\)
⇒ \(\frac{d}{dx}\) x + \(\frac{d}{dx}\) log(sec x) = \(\frac{dt}{dx}\)
sec x = u रकने पर
1 + \(\frac{d}{dx}\) log u = \(\frac{dt}{dx}\)
⇒ 1 + \(\frac{d}{du}\) log u \(\frac{du}{dx}\) = \(\frac{dt}{dx}\)
⇒ 1 + \(\frac{1}{u}\)\(\frac{d}{dx}\) sec x = \(\frac{dt}{dx}\)
⇒ 1 + \(\frac{1}{secx}\) × sec x tan x = \(\frac{dt}{dx}\)
⇒ (1 + tan x)dx = dt
∴ I = ∫\(\frac{dt}{t}\)
⇒ I = log t + c
अतः I = log(x + log sec x) + c

प्रश्न 17.
∫\(\frac { cotx }{ log(sinx) } \) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
log(sin x) = t रकने पर
\(\frac{d}{dx}\) log (sin x) = \(\frac{dt}{dx}\)
sin x = u रकने पर
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 33

प्रश्न 18.
∫\(\frac { 2cosx-3sinx }{ 6cosx+4sinx } \) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिए। (NCERT)
हल:
माना
I = ∫\(\frac { 2cosx-3sinx }{ 6cosx+4sinx } \) dx
6 cos x + 4 sin x = t रखने पर,
\(\frac{d}{dx}\) (6 cos x + 4 sin x) = \(\frac{dt}{dx}\)
⇒ – 6 sin x + cos x = \(\frac{dt}{dx}\)
⇒ 2(2 cos x – 3 sin x) = \(\frac{dt}{dx}\)
⇒ (2 cos x – 3 sin x)dx = \(\frac{1}{2}\) dt
⇒ I = \(\frac{1}{2}\) ∫dt
⇒ I = \(\frac{1}{2}\) log t + c
अतः I = \(\frac{1}{2}\) log(6 cos x + 4 sin x) + c

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7a समाकलन

प्रश्न 19.
∫e3logx (x4 + 1)-1 dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 34
x4 + 1 = t रखने पर,
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 35

प्रश्न 20.
∫\(\frac { dx }{ x-\sqrt { x } } \) का मान ज्ञात कीजिए। (NCERT)
हल:
माना
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 36
\(\sqrt{x}\) – 1 = t रखने पर,
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 37
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 37a

प्रश्न 21.
∫\(\frac { dx }{ 1+3sin^{ 2 }x } \) का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना
I = ∫\(\frac { dx }{ 1+3sin^{ 2 }x } \)
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 38

समाकलन दीर्घ उत्तरीय प्रश्न – II

प्रश्न 1.
∫sin-1 ( \(\frac { 2x }{ 1+x^{ 2 } } \) ) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना
I = ∫sin-1 ( \(\frac { 2x }{ 1+x^{ 2 } } \) ) dx
पुनः माना x = tan θ ⇒ dx = sec2θ dθ
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 39
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 39a

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7a समाकलन

प्रश्न 2.
फलन \(\frac { e^{ mtan-1x } }{ (1+x^{ 2 })^{ 3/2 } } \) का x के सापेक्ष समाकलन कीजिए।
हल:
माना tan-1 x = t ⇒ x = tan t
∴ dx = sec2 t dt
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 40
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 40a

प्रश्न 3.
∫\(\frac { x^{ 2 }tan^{ -1 }x }{ 1+x^{ 2 } } \) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना I = ∫\(\frac { x^{ 2 }tan^{ -1 }x }{ 1+x^{ 2 } } \) dx
माना x = tan θ ⇒ θ = tan-1 x
⇒ dx = sec2 θ dθ
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 41

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7a समाकलन

प्रश्न 4.
मान ज्ञात कीजिए – ∫tan-1 \(\frac { 2x }{ 1+x^{ 2 } } \) dx?
हल:
माना
I = ∫tan-1 \(\frac { 2x }{ 1+x^{ 2 } } \) dx
माना x = tan θ ⇒ dx = sec2 θ dθ
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 42
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 42a

प्रश्न 5.
∫\(\frac { xtan^{ -1 }x }{ (1+x^{ 2 })^{ 3/2 } } \) dx मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना
I = ∫\(\frac { xtan^{ -1 }x }{ (1+x^{ 2 })^{ 3/2 } } \) dx
पुनः माना x = tan θ ⇒ dx = sec2 θ dθ
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 43

प्रश्न 6.
∫\(\frac{dx}{3+2cosx}\) का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना
I = ∫\(\frac{dx}{3+2cosx}\)
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 44
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 44a
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 44b

प्रश्न 7.
मान ज्ञात कीजिए –
∫\(\frac{dx}{4+5cosx}\)?
हल:
प्रश्न का. 6 की बीत हल करे।

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7a समाकलन

प्रश्न 8.
मान ज्ञात कीजिए –
∫\(\frac{dx}{5-3cosx}\)?
हल:
प्रश्न क्र. 6 की भाँति हल करें।

प्रश्न 9.
∫\(\frac{1}{4+5sinx}\) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 45
माना tan\(\frac{x}{2}\) = t ⇒ sec2 \(\frac{x}{2}\).\(\frac{1}{2}\) dx = dt
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 46
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 46a

प्रश्न 10.
∫\(\frac { e^{ x }(1+sinx) }{ (1+cosx) } \) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना
I = ∫\(\frac { e^{ x }(1+sinx) }{ (1+cosx) } \) dx
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 47
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 47a

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7a समाकलन

प्रश्न 11.
∫\(\frac { xe^{ x } }{ (1+x)^{ 2 } } \) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 48

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7a समाकलन

प्रश्न 12.
∫\(\frac { 2cosx }{ (1-sinx)(1+sin^{ 2 }) } \) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना
I = ∫\(\frac { 2cosx }{ (1-sinx)(1+sin^{ 2 }) } \) dx
sin x = t रखने पर, cos x dx = dt
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 49
⇒ 2 = A(1 + t2) + (1 – t)(Bt + 1)
⇒ 2 = A + A2 + Bt – Bt2 + 1 – t
⇒ 2 = (A – B)t2 + (B – 1)t + (A + 1)
गुणांकों की तुलना करने पर,
∴ A – B = 0
B – 1 = 0
तथा A + 1 = 2
B = 1, A = 1
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 50

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7a समाकलन

प्रश्न 13.
∫\(\frac { dx }{ e^{ x }-1 } \) का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
I = ∫\(\frac { dx }{ e^{ x }-1 } \) = \(\frac { e^{ x }dx }{ e^{ x }(e^{ x }-1) } \)
माना ex = t, तब exdx = dt
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 51
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 51a

प्रश्न 14.
∫\(\frac { dx }{ x(x^{ n }+1) } \) का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 52
xn = t रखने पर,
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 53
A और B के मान समी. (1) में रखने पर,
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 54

MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7a समाकलन

प्रश्न 15.
∫( \(\sqrt{tanx}\) + \(\sqrt{cotx}\) ) dx का मान ज्ञात कीजिए। (NCERT)
हल:
माना
MP Board Class 12th Maths Important Questions Chapter 7 समाकलन img 55
पुनः माना sin x – cosx = t
(cos x + sin x)dx = dt
चूंकि (sin x – cos x)2 = t2
sin2 x + cos2 x – 2 sin x cos x = t2
⇒ 1 – sin 2x = t2
⇒ sin 2x = 1 – t2
I = \(\sqrt{2}\) ∫\(\frac { dt }{ \sqrt { 1-t^{ 2 } } } \)
= \(\sqrt{2}\) .sin-1t
= \(\sqrt{2}\).sin-1(sin x – cos x)

MP Board Class 12 Maths Important Questions

MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 4 Principle of Mathematical Induction

MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 4 Principle of Mathematical Induction

Principle of Mathematical Induction Important Questions

Principle of Mathematical Induction Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
For n > 1, prove that with the help of principle of mathematical induction :
12 + 22 + 32 + 42 + …………. + n2 = \(\frac { n(n + 1)(2n + 1) }{ 6 }\). (NCERT)
Solution:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 4 Principle of Mathematical Induction 1
∴ p(n) is true for n = k + 1.
Hence, p(n) is true for all values of n ∈ N.

MP Board Solutions

Question 2.
For n ≥ 1 prove that :
\(\frac { 1 }{ 1.2 }\) + \(\frac { 1 }{ 2.3 }\) + \(\frac { 1 }{ 3.4 }\) + …………. + \(\frac { 1 }{ n(n + 1) }\) = \(\frac { n }{ n + 1 }\)
Solution:
Let
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 4 Principle of Mathematical Induction 2
∴ p(n) is true for n = k + 1.
Hence, p(n) is true for all values of n ∈ N.
Instruction:
All questions from 3 to 7 when n∈N prove the statement by using principle of mathematical induction :

Question 3.
13 + 23 + 33 + …………. + n3 = \(\frac { { n }^{ 2 }{ (n+1) }^{ 2 } }{ 4 }\) (NCERT)
Solution:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 4 Principle of Mathematical Induction 3
∴ Given function is true for n = m + 1.
Hence, p(n) is true for all values of n ∈ N.

Question 4.
1 + \(\frac { 1 }{ 1 + 2 }\) + \(\frac { 1 }{ 1 + 2 + 3 }\) + ……….. + \(\frac { 1 }{ 1 + 2 + 3 + ………. + n }\) + …………. + = \(\frac { 2n }{ n + 1 }\).
Solution:
For n = 1, L.H.S = 1
and R.H.S. = \(\frac { 2 x 1 }{ 1 + 1 }\) = 1
The given function is true for n = 1.
Let the function be true for n = m
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 4 Principle of Mathematical Induction 4
∴ The Given function is true for n = m + 1.
Hence, p(n) is true for all values of n ∈ N.

Question 5.
1.2 + 2.3 + 3.4 + ………….. + n(n + 1) = \(\frac { n(n + 1)(n + 2) }{ 3 }\)
Solution:
Let p(n) = 1.2 + 2.3 + 3.4 + ………….. + n(n + 1) = \(\frac { n(n + 1)(n + 2) }{ 3 }\)
If n = 1, L.H.S. = 1.2 = 2
R.H.S = \(\frac { n(n + 1)(n + 2) }{ 3 }\) = \(\frac { 1.2.3 }{ 3 }\) = 2
∴ p(n) is true for n = 1.
Let p(n) be true for n = k
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 4 Principle of Mathematical Induction 5
∴ p(n) is true for n = k + 1.
Hence, p(n) is true for all values of n ∈ N.

Question 6.
\(\frac { 1 }{ 2.5}\) + \(\frac { 1 }{ 5.8 }\) + \(\frac { 1 }{ 8.11}\) + …………. + \(\frac { 1 }{ (3n – 1)(3n + 2) }\) = \(\frac { n }{ 6n + 4 }\)
Solution:
Let p(n) = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2.5}\) + \(\frac { 1 }{ 5.8 }\) + \(\frac { 1 }{ 8.11}\) + …………. + \(\frac { 1 }{ (3n – 1)(3n + 2) }\) = \(\frac { n }{ 6n + 4 }\)
∴ For n = 1, L.H.S = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2.5}\) = \(\frac { 1 }{ 10}\)
and R.H.S = \(\frac { 1 }{ 6.1 + 4}\) = \(\frac { 1 }{ 10}\)
∴ p(n) is true for n = 1.
Let p(n) be true for n = k
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 4 Principle of Mathematical Induction 6
∴ p(n) is true for n = k + 1.
Hence, p(n) is true for all values of n ∈ N.

Question 7.
1.2.3. + 2.3.4 + …………. + n(n+1)(n+2) = \(\frac { n(n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3) }{ 4 }\). (NCERT)
Solution:
For n = 1, L.H.S = 1.2.3 = 6
And R.H.S. = \(\frac { 1(1 + 1)(1 + 2)(1 + 3) }{ 4 }\) = \(\frac { 2.3.4 }{ 4 }\) = 6
∴ Given function is true for n = 1.
Let the function be true for n = k
MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions Chapter 4 Principle of Mathematical Induction 7
∴ The given function is true for n = k + 1. Hence the given function is true for all values of n ∈ N.

MP Board Solutions

Question 8.
Prove that (41)n – (14)n is a multiple of 27 with the help of principle of mathematical induction. (NCERT)
Solution:
Let P(n) = (41)n – (14)n
For n = 1,
P(1) = (41)1 – (14)1= 27
Which is multiple of 27.
Let P(ri) be true for n = k.
Then, (41)k – (14)k = 27m
Put n = k +1 in P(n)
(41)k+1 – (14)k+1 = (41)k.41 – (14)k. 14
= (41)k.41 – 41.(14)k + 41.(14)k – (14)k.14
= 41[(41)k – (14)k]+(14)k [41 – 14]
= 41 x 27m + (14)k x 27 = 27[41 x m + (14)k]
Which is multiple of 27.
If the given function P(n) is true for n = k then P(n) will be true for U n = k +1 also.
Hence the given function is true for all values of n ∈ N.

MP Board Class 11th Maths Important Questions