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MP Board Class 8th Maths Solutions Chapter 12 घातांक और घात Intext Questions

MP Board Class 8th Maths Chapter 12 पाठान्तर्गत प्रश्नोत्तर

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 201

भूमिका

प्रश्न 1.
2^-2 किसके बराबर है?
हल:
2^-2 = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2^{ 2 } } \) = \(\frac{1}{4}\)

ऋणात्मक घातांकों की घात

प्रश्न 1.
10^-10 किसके बराबर है?
हल:
∴ a^-m = \(\frac { 1 }{ a^{ m } } \)
10^-10 = \(\frac { 1 }{ 10^{ 10 } } \)

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 202

प्रयास कीजिए (क्रमांक 12.1)

प्रश्न 1.
गुणात्मक प्रतिलोम लिखिए –

1. 2^-4
2. 10^-5
3. 7^-2
4. 5^-3
5. 10^-100

हल:

1. 2^-4 का गुणात्मक प्रतिलोम = 2⁴
2. 10^-5 का गुणात्मक प्रतिलोम = 10⁵
3. 7^-2 का गुणात्मक प्रतिलोम = 7²
4. 5^-3 का गुणात्मक प्रतिलोम = 5³
5. 10^-100 का गुणात्मक प्रतिलोम = 10¹⁰⁰

प्रयास कीजिए (क्रमांक 12.2)

प्रश्न 1.
घातांकों का उपयोग करते हुए निम्न को विस्तारित रूप में लिखिए –

1. 1025.63
2. 1256.249

हल:
1. 1025.63 = 1 x 1000 + 2 x 10 + 5 x 1 + \(\frac{6}{10}\) + \(\frac{3}{100}\)
= 1 x 10³ + 2 x 10¹ + 5 x 10⁰ + 6 x 10^-1 + 3 x 10^-2

2. 1256.249 = 1 x 1000 + 2 x 100 + 5 x 10 + 6 x 1 + \(\frac{2}{10}\) + \(\frac{4}{100}\) + \(\frac{9}{1000}\)
= 1 x 10³ + 2 x 10² + 5 x 10¹ + 6 x 10⁰ + 2 x 10^-1 + 4 x 10^-2 + 9 x 10^-3

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 203

प्रयास कीजिए (क्रमांक 12.3)

प्रश्न 1.
घातांक रूप से सरल कीजिए और लिखिए –

1. (-2)^-3 x (-2)^-4
2. p³ x p^-10
3. 3² x 3^-5 x 3⁶

हल:
1. (-2)^-3 x (-2)^-4 = (-2) ^{(-3) + (-4)} = (-2)^-7
(∵ a^m x aⁿ = a^{m + 1})

2. p³ x p^-10 = p^3-10 = p^-7 = \(\frac { 1 }{ p^{ 7 } } \)

3. 3² x 3^-5 x 3⁶ = 3^2-5+6 = 3³

MP Board Class 8th Maths Solutions

MP Board Class 7th Sanskrit परिशिष्टम्

1. सादरं समीहताम्
(आदर सहित करना चाहिए)

सादरं समीहताम् ……….. जीवनं प्रदीयताम्। सादरं॥

अनुवाद :
हमें आदर सहित (इन कार्यों को) करना चाहिए। ईश्वर की वन्दना करनी चाहिए। श्रद्धा सहित अपनी मातृभूमि की अच्छी तरह से अर्चना करनी चाहिए। चाहे विपत्ति हो अथवा बिजलियाँ चमक रही हों, अथवा मस्तक पर बार-बार आयुध (हथियार) गिर रहे हों, परन्तु (हमें) धैर्य नहीं खोना चाहिए। वीरता के भाव को बनाये रखना चाहिए। चित्त में निर्भय होकर (हमें) (अपने) कदम आगे बढ़ाने चाहिए (रखने चाहिए)। इस प्रकार (श्रेष्ठ कार्य) आदरपूर्वक करने चाहिए।

यह (मातृभूमि) प्राणदायिनी है, यह (मुसीबतों से) रक्षा करने वाली है। यह (हमें) शक्ति, मुक्ति तथा भक्ति देने वाली है और अमृत देने वाली है। इस कारण तो यह वन्दनीय है, सेवा किये जाने योग्य है। अभिनन्दन किये जाने योग्य है। इसलिए हमें इस (मातृभूमि) के लिए अभिमानपूर्वक अपना जीवन दे देना चाहिए। (इस तरह) यह (सारा कार्य) आदरपूर्वक करना चाहिए।

2. कृत्वा नवदृढ़ संकल्पम्
(नया पक्का संकल्प करके)

कृत्वा ……… नित्यनिरन्तर गतिशीलाः।

अनुवाद :
नया पक्का संकल्प करके नये सन्देश वितरित करते हुए, नया संगठन निर्मित करते हैं। नया इतिहास रचते हैं।

नये युग का निर्माण करने वाले, राष्ट्र की उन्नति की आकांक्षा करने वाले, त्याग ही जिनके लिए धन है, ऐसे वे त्यागपूर्ण कार्यों में लगे रहने वाले हम कार्यों के करने में चतुर और बुद्धि में तेज हैं। नया पक्का संकल्प करके।

भेदभाव को मिटाने के लिए, दीन और दरिद्रों का उद्धार करते हुए, दुःखों से तप्त लोगों को आश्वासन; (धैर्य बँधाते हुए), किये हुए संकल्पों का दैव स्मरण करते रहें। नये पक्के संकल्पों को करके।

प्रगति के मार्ग से विचलित न हों। परम्पराओं की हम रक्षा करें। उत्साह से युक्त होकर, उद्वेग से रहित होकर नित्य और निरन्तर गतिशील बने रहे। नये पक्के संकल्प करके।

3. अवनितलं पुनरवतीर्णा स्यात्
(पृथ्वीतल पर फिर से अवतार लें)

अवनितलं ……… यतामहे कृति शूराः।

अनुवाद :
पृथ्वी तल पर फिर से अवतार लें। संस्कृत रूपी गंगा की धारा के लिए धैर्यशाली भगीरथवंश हमारा है। हम तो पक्का इरादा करने वाले हैं।

यह संस्कृत रूपी गंगा की धारा विद्वानों रूपी भगवान शंकर के शिरों पर गिरती रहे। यह नित्य ही (सबकी) वाणियों में बहती रहे। व्याकरण के विद्वानों के मुख में यह प्रवेश करती रहे। जनमानस में बार-बार बहती रहे। हजारों पुत्र उद्धार प्राप्त करें और जन्म के विकारों से पार हो जायें अर्थात् मुक्ति प्राप्त कर लें। हम धीर भगीरथवंशी हैं और हमारा पक्का इरादा है।

हम प्रत्येक गाँव को जायें। संस्कृत की शिक्षा प्रदान करें। सभी को तृप्ति (सन्तुष्टि) देने तक अपने क्लेशों को न गिनें। प्रयत्न करने पर क्या प्राप्त नहीं होता है, ऐसे हमारे विचार हैं। हम धीर भगीरथवंशी हैं।

जो संस्कृतरूपी माता (हमारी) संस्कृति की मूल है, जिसकी विस्तृत रूप में व्याप्ति है। वह संस्कृत वाङ्मय हो जाय अर्थात् प्रत्येक की वाणी में समा जाये। वह संस्कृत भाषा प्रत्येक मनुष्यों की जिह्वा (वाणी) रूपी माला में सदैव सुशोभित बनी रहे। हम कर्मवीर पुरुष (उस) देववाणी को (संस्कृत को) जनवाणी बनाने के लिए प्रयत्न करते रहें। हम धीर भगीरथवंशी है।

4. वन्दे भारतमातरम्
(भारत माता की वन्दना करता हूँ)

वन्दे भारतमातरम् ………. नान्यद्देशहितद्धि ऋते।

अनुवाद :
बोलो, मैं भारत माता की वन्दना करता हूँ, माता की वन्दना करता हूँ, भारत माता की। वन्दना करता हूँ माता की, वन्दना करता हूँ माता की। भारत माता की।

यह (भारत माता) श्रेष्ठ वीरों की माता है, त्यागीजनों और धैर्यशाली लोगों की (यह माता है)। मातृभूमि के लिए और लोक कल्याण के लिए नित्य ही अपने मन को समर्पित करने वाले लोगों की (यह जन्मभूमि है) क्रोध पर जीत पाने वाले पुण्यकर्म करने वाले, धन को तिनके के समान समझने वाले, माता की सेवा के द्वारा अपने जीवन में सार्थकता लाने वाले लोगों की यह जन्मभूमि है। (1)

गाँव-गाँव में कर्म का उपदेश देने वाले, तत्व के जानने वाले, धर्म के कार्यों में लगे रहने वाले, धन का संचय केवल त्याग के लिए करने वाले तथा इस संसार में धर्म अनुकूल ही इच्छाएँ करने वाले लोगों की यह जन्मभूमि है। अज्ञान के नाश से युक्त तथा क्षण भर में ही परिवर्तनशील शरीर वाले अपने अन्दर आदरपूर्ण बुद्धि धारण किये हुए जो यहाँ जन्म लेते हैं, वे स्वयं अपने आप को जन्म लेकर धन्य मानते हैं, (उनकी यह भारतमाता जन्मभूमि है)। (2)

हे माता (जन्मभूमि?), तुम से धन, मन, अधिकार, बुद्धि और शारीरिक बल प्राप्त हुआ है। मैं (किसी भी कार्य का) कर्ता नहीं हूँ, तुम ही कार्य कराने वाली हो, मेरे द्वारा किये गये कर्म के फल में कोई आसक्ति नहीं है। हे माता! तुम्हारे शुभ (कल्याणकारी) चरणों में मेरा यह जीवन पुष्प अर्पित है। इससे बढ़कर कोई भी मेरे लिए अन्य मंत्र नहीं है, मैं कोई भी अन्य प्रकार से नहीं सोचता हूँ, इसके अतिरिक्त अन्य किसी देश के हित में कुछ भी नहीं सोचता। (3)

MP Board Class 7th Sanskrit Solutions

MP Board Class 6th Maths Solutions Chapter 6 पूर्णांक Ex 6.2

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 140-141

प्रश्न 1.
संख्या रेखा का प्रयोग करते हुए, वह पूर्णांक ज्ञात कीजिए जो :
(a) 5 से 3 अधिक है
(b) – 5 से 5 अधिक है
(c) 2 से 6 कम है
(d) – 2 से 3 कम है।
हल :
(a) 5 से 3 अधिक है

हम 5 से प्रारम्भ करते हुए दाईं ओर 3 कदम चलते हैं तथा .8 प्राप्त करते हैं। अत: 5 से 3 अधिक 8 है।

(b)-5 से 5 अधिक है

हम – 5 से प्रारम्भ करते हुए दाईं ओर 5 कदम चलते हुए 0 प्राप्त करते हैं। अतः-5 से 5 अधिक 0 है।

(c) 2 से 6 कम है

हम 2 से प्रारम्भ करते हुए बाईं ओर 6 कदम चलते हैं तथा – 4 प्राप्त करते हैं। अतः 2 से 6 कम – 4 है।

(d) -2 से 3 कम है ।

हम – 2 से प्रारम्भ करते हुए बाईं ओर 3 कदम चलते हैं तथा – 5 प्राप्त करते हैं। अत: – 2 से 3 कम – 5 है।

प्रश्न 2.
संख्या रेखा का प्रयोग करते हुए निम्नलिखित योग ज्ञात कीजिए :
(a) 9 + (-6)
(b) 5 + (-11)
(c) (-1) + (-7)
(d) (-5) + 10
(e) (-1) + (-2) + (-3)
(f) (-2) + 8 + (-4)
हल :
(a) 9 + (-6)

सर्वप्रथम हम संख्या रेखा पर 0 के दाईं ओर 9 कदम चलकर 9 पर पहुँचते हैं। फिर 9 के बाईं ओर 6 कदम चलकर 3 पर पहुँचते हैं।
अतः 9+ (-6) = 3

(b) 5 + (-11)

संख्या रेखा पर पहले 0 से दाईं ओर 5 कदम चलते हैं और 5 पर पहुँचते हैं। फिर 5 के बाईं ओर 11 कदम चलते हैं तथा – 6 पर पहुँचते हैं।
अतः 5 + (-11) = – 6

(c) (-1) + (-7)

संख्या रेखा पर पहले 0 के बाईं ओर 1 कदम चलते हैं और – 1 पर पहुँचते हैं। फिर – 1 के बाईं ओर 7 कदम चलते हैं तथा – 8 पर पहुँचते हैं।
अतः (-1) + (-7) = -8

(d) (-5) + 10

संख्या रेखा पर पहले 0 के बाईं ओर 5 कदम चलते हैं और – 5 पर पहुँचते हैं। फिर – 5 के दाईं ओर 10 कदम चलते हैं तथा 5 पर पहुँचते हैं। अतः (-5) +10 = 5

(e) (-1) + (-2) + (-3)

हम संख्या रेखा पर (0 के बाईं ओर 1 कदम चलते हैं और – 1 पर पहुँचते हैं। फिर – 1 के बाईं ओर 2 कदम चलते हैं और – 3 पर पहुँचते हैं। पुन: -3 के बाईं ओर 3 कदम चलते हैं तथा – 6 पर पहुँचते हैं।
अतः (-1) + (-2) + (-3) = – 6

(f) (-2) + 8 + (-4)

हम संख्या रेखा पर 0 के बाईं ओर 2 कदम चलते हैं और -2 पर पहुँचते हैं। फिर – 2 से दाईं ओर 8 कदम चलते हैं और 6 पर पहुँचते हैं। पुन: 6 के बाईं ओर 4 कदम चलते हैं तथा 2 पर पहुँचते हैं। अतः (-2) + 8 + (-4) = 2

प्रश्न 3.
संख्या रेखा का प्रयोग किए बिना, निम्नलिखित योग ज्ञात कीजिए
(a) 11 + (-7)
(b) (-13) + (+ 18)
(c) (-10) + (+ 19)
(d) (-250) + (+ 150)
(e) (-380) + (-270)
(f) (-217) + (-100)
हल :
(a) 11 + (-7)
= 4 + 7 + (-7)
= 4 + 0
= 4

(b) (-13) + (+ 18)
= (- 13) + (+ 13) + (+5)
= 0 + (+ 5)
= 5

(c) (-10) + (+ 19)
= (- 10) + (+ 10) + (+ 9)
= 0 + (+ 9)
= 9

(d) (-250) + (+ 150)
= (- 100) + (- 150) + (+ 150)
= (- 100) + 0
= – 100

(e) (-380) + (-270)
= – (380 + 270)
= -650

(f) (-217) + (-100)
= – (217 + 100)
= – 317

प्रश्न 4.
निम्नलिखित का योग ज्ञात कीजिए :
(a) 137 और – 354
(b) – 52 और 52
(c) – 312, 39 और 192
(d) – 50, – 200 और 300
हल :
(a) (+ 137) + (-354)
= (+ 137) + (- 137) + (- 217)
= 0 + (-217)
= – 217

(b) (-52) + (+ 52)= 0

(c)(-312) + (+ 39) + (192)
= (-312) + (+ 231)
= (-81) + (-231) + (+ 231)
= (-81) + 0
= -81

(d) (-50) + (-200) + (+ 300)
= (-250) + (+ 300)
= (-250) + (+ 250) + (+ 50)
= 0 + (+ 50)
= 50

प्रश्न 5.
निम्नलिखित के मान ज्ञात कीजिए
(a) (-7) + (-9) + 4 + 16
(b) (37) + (-2) + (-65) + (-8)
हल :
(a) (-7) + (-9) + 4 + 16
= (- 16) + 4 + 16
= (- 16) + 16 + 4
= 0 + 4
= 4

(b) (37) + (-2) + (-65) + (-8)
= 37 + (-75)
= 37 + (-37) + (-38)
= 0 + (-38)
= – 38

MP Board Class 6th Maths Solutions

MP Board Class 7th Sanskrit निबन्ध-लेखनम्

निबन्ध लेखन से छात्र/छात्राओं के अन्दर उनके रचना कौशल का विकास होता है, साथ ही कल्पनाशक्ति भी तीव्र होती जाती है। किसी भी विषय-वस्तु पर अपने विचार प्रस्तुत करने की स्वतंत्र अभिव्यक्ति विकास प्राप्त करती है। इसके लिए यहाँ कुछ निबन्ध दिये जाते हैं-

(1) सत्यम्

1. सत्यात् परो नान्यः धर्मः।
2. यद् वस्तु यथा भवति, तस्य तथैव कथनं सत्यमस्ति।
3. विश्वस्य सर्वाणि वस्तूनि सत्यस्य एव आश्रितानि।
4. सत्य वादिनः जनः समाजे सम्मानम् प्राप्नोति।
5. सत्यस्य रक्षार्थम् महाराजः हरिश्चन्द्रः सर्वस्वम् अत्यजत्।
6. सुखसमृद्धिहेतो सत्याचरणम् करणीयम्।

(2) परोपकारः

1. अन्येषां पुरुषाणाम् उपकरणं परोपकारः कथ्यते।
2. स्वार्थ परित्यज्य अन्येषां हित चिन्तनम्, तस्य च सम्पादनम् परोपकारः।
3. परोपकारेण जनः प्रगतिम् प्राप्नोति।
4. प्रकृतिः अपि सर्वेणाम् कल्याणं करोति।
5. परोपकाराय मेघाः वर्षन्ति।
6. वृक्षाः अपि परोपकाराय फलन्ति।
7. परोपकारिणाम् जीवनं सफलम्।

(3) विद्यामहिमा

1. विद्या कस्यापि विषयस्य उचितम् ज्ञानम् ददाति।
2. विद्या विनयम् ददाति।
3. विद्या एव समृद्धेः मूलम्।
4. विद्या प्रच्छन्नं धनम्।
5. विद्याहीनः जनः पशुतुल्यः भवति।

(4) भारतदेशः

1. भारतवर्षः एकः विशाल देशः।
2. अस्य उत्तर दिशायाम् हिमालयः अस्ति।
3. अस्य दक्षिणतः महासागरः अस्य चरणौ प्रक्षालयति।
4. अनेक नद्यः हिमालयात् निर्गच्छन्ति।
5. देवाः अपि अत्र आगत्य निवसितुं वाञ्छन्ति।

दृष्टव्यः :
गायन्ति देवा किल गीतकानि, धन्यास्तु ये भारत भूमिभागे। स्वर्गायवर्गास्पदहेतुभूते, भवन्ति भूयः पुरुषाः सुरत्वात्॥

(5) पुस्तकम्

1. पुस्तकानि मह्यम् अतीव रोचन्ते।
2. पुस्तकानि ज्ञानस्य भण्डारः भवन्ति।
3. पुस्तकानि अस्माकं मित्राणि सन्ति।
4. पुस्तकानां सङ्गति लाभप्रदा भवति।
5. अस्माभिः पुस्तकानि रक्षणीयानि।

(6) उद्यानम्

1. उद्यानम् अत्यन्तं रमणीयं भवति।
2. बालकाः उद्यानं क्रीडन्ति।
3. उद्याने तडागः अपि अस्ति।
4. जनाः उद्यानं भ्रमणार्थं गच्छन्ति।
5. खगाः वृक्षेषु निवसन्ति।

(7) विद्यालयः

1. मम विद्यालयः ‘खाईखेड़ा’ ग्रामे स्थितः अस्ति।
2. विद्यालयस्य भवनम् अतीवसुन्दरम् अस्ति।
3. अहं विद्यालयं गत्वा गुरून् प्रणमामि।
4. विद्यालये एकम् उद्यानम् अपि अस्ति।
5. विद्यालये एक विशालं क्रीडाक्षेत्रम् अस्ति।

(8) धेनुः

1. धेनुः अस्माकं माता अस्ति।
2. धेनूनां विविधाः वर्णाः भवन्ति।
3. धेनुः तृणानि भक्षयति।
4. धेनुः जनेभ्यः मधुरं पयः प्रयच्छति।
5. वयं धेनुं मातृरूपेण पूजयामः।

(9) महापुरुषः-आजादचन्द्रशेखरः

1. पुरुषः महत्कार्यं कृत्वा महापुरुषः भवति।
2. समाजहितार्थं राष्ट्रहितार्थं च यानि कार्याणि भवन्ति, तानि एव महत्कार्याणि भवन्ति।
3. चन्द्रशेखर आजादः एवमेव राष्ट्रसेवी महापुरुषः आसीत्।
4. 1906 ख्रीस्ताब्दे आजादचन्द्रशेखरस्य जन्म अभवत्।
5. आजादचन्द्रशेखर: 1931 ख्रीस्ताब्दे इलाहबादनगरे (प्रयागनगरे) वीरगतिं प्राप्नोत्।

MP Board Class 7th Sanskrit Solutions

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Solutions Chapter 9 History of Ancient India

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 9 Text Book Questions

Choose the Correct Answer:

Question 1.
Which of the following cities is not related to Indus civilization?
(a) Mohen-jo-daro
(b) Kalibanga
(c) Lothal
(d) Pataliputra.
Answer:
(d) Pataliputra.

Question 2.
Which of foreign travelers come to India during Chandra Gupta Maurya’s period?
(a) Falien
(b) Arian
(c) Hieun Tsang
(d) Megasthenese.
Answer:
(d) Megasthenese.

Match the following:

Answer:
1. (d) Magadh
2. (a) Kautilya
3. (b) Mahatma Buddha
4. (c) Vikrmaditya
5. (e) Kalinga War

Fill in the blank:

1. The founder of the Jain religion was ……………….
2. Mahatama Buddha attained enlightenment under the …………… tree.
3. India’s two great epics are the …………….. and …………….
4. The founder of the Gupta’s dynasty was …………….

Answer:

1. Vardhaman Mahavir
2. Pipal
3. Mahabharta, Ramayan
4. Sri Gupta

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 9 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write names of Vedas.
Answer:
There are four Vedas:

1. Rigveda
2. Samveda
3. Yajurveda
4. Atharvaveda.

Question 2.
Write the names of the four chief cities of the Indus civilization.
Answer:
The four chief cities of Indus civilization are:

1. Mohen-jo-daro
2. Harappa
3. Ropar
4. Kalibanga.

Question 3.
Who was Megasthenese? Name the book written by him.
Answer:
Megasthenese w’as a foreign traveler who came to India during the period of Chandra Gupta Maurya. The name of the book written by him is Indica.

Question 4.
Write the names of chief education institutions of ancient India.
Answer:

• Taxshila University
• Nalanda University

Question 5.
Who was Kautilya? Write the name of the book written by him.
Answer:
Kautilya was a famous economist during the period of Chandra Gupta Maurya. The name of the book written by him is Arthashastra.

Question 6.
Which Gupta ruler was successful in repulsing the Huna attacks?
Answer:
Skanda Gupta was successful in repulsing the Huna attacks.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 9 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who discovered the cities of Mohen-jo-daro and Harappa?
Answer:
The city of Mohen-jo-daro was discovered by Rakhaldas Banerjee and the city of Harappa was discovered by Dr. Day a ram Salmi.

Question 2.
Write about the new information received about river Saraswati.
Answer:
New discoveries have revealed that almost two-thirds of the Indus civilization is spread in the areas of the extinct Saraswati river and its tributaries. The contribution of Dr. Vishnu Shreedhar Wakandar’s research on the river Saraswati is of vital importance. During the Vedic period Saraswati was a very big river.

It is believed that the river Saraswati must have originated from the Shivalik ranges of the Himalayas and from it flowed to Ambala, Thaneser, Kurukshetra, Pahova, Sirsa, Hansi, Agroha, Hanumanganj and via Kalibanga to Anupgarh to Suratgarh. In due course of time due to ecological changes the Saraswati river slowly dried up and became extinct after some time.

Question 3.
What is the importance of Kalinga war in Indian history?
Answer:
The Kalinga war proved to be a turning point in the life of king Asoka. This war changed Asoka’s attitude and he followed a policy of peace rather than that of war. After this war, the era of military conquests or Digvijay was over and an era of spiritual conquest or Dhammavijay began. Asoka finally became a follower of Buddhism. Thus the Kalinga war gave a new direction to Asoka’s life.

Question 4.
State the political significance of matrimonial alliances made by Chandra Gupta – II.
Answer:
Chandra Gupta – II married Kubernaga of the Naga dynasty. This led to friendly relations between both the dynasties. He married his daughter Prabhavati Gupta to Rudrasena – II, the Vakataka King. This relationship secured Chandra Gupta’s control over the Sakas.

These matrimonial alliances proved to be politically very significant. The daughter of Kadama dynasty was also married in the Gupta dynasty. Due to this matrimonial alliances the glory of Chandra Gupta II spread to southern India as well.

Question 5.
Write about the chief features of the administrative organization during the Gupta period.
Answer:
Like Maurya rulers, the Gupta rulers also made public welfare as the basic foundation of their administration. The King was the highest official of the state. The final authority of the state was in his hands. There was a council of ministers and other officials to assist the King. The chief source of income was the land revenue, which was called ‘Bhaga’.

This was generally one sixth of the produce. Gupta Empire was divided into three parts Central, Provincial and Local administration. The chief objective of the Gupta rulers was public welfare. For this they made hospitals, Dharamshalas, or rest-houses, schools, roads, etc.

Question 6.
Write about the expansion of Harsha’s Empire.
Answer:
Emperor Harshavardhan was the son of ruler of Thanesar Prabhakar Vardhan. After Prabhakar Vardhan his son Rajyavardhan ascended the throne. When Rajyavardhan learnt of war between the ruler of Kannauj Grahavarman, husband of his sister Rajshree he fought against the King of Malwa Devgupta who had killed Grahavarman.

Rajyhavardhan defeated Dev Gupta but the King of Bengal Shashank, who was also the friend of Dev Gupta treacherously killed Rajyavardhan. Under these circumstances Harsha became the ruler of Thanesar. He ascended the throne in 606 A.D. at the ate of 16.

Since his sister Rajshree did not have any issue the throne of Kannauj also came in his hands. In this way he became the ruler of both Kannauj and Thanesar. His empire spread from Himalayas in the north to river Narmada in the south. To Bengal in the East to Indus. He had political relations with China and Persia.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 9 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write about the contribution of the Indus civilization?
Answer:
The contribution of Indus Civilizations:
1. The People of Indus civilization had an artistic bend of mind. They were well-versed in the art of hairstyles, indulged in ornaments and cosmetics. People excelled in singing, music and dance.

2. Ornaments were made of copper, bronze, shells, ivory, clay, beads, etc.

3. Indus civilization paved the way to trade. Internal and external trade were is existence. Indus people had trade relatives with foreign countries. The contact with foreigners was both through land and water route.

4. Indus civilization gave a well – organized city planning system. For maintaining and keeping the city clean waste disposal terracotta pots (dustbins) and tins were placed at different places. Every city must have had an institution similar to Municipality for construction and renovation of roads, bridges, canal, public buildings, for controlling the shop and type of construction of individual homes, buildings, window, drains etc.

5. Indus civilization familiarized with the art of writing.

6. Indus people gave knowledge of efficient water drainage management.

Question 2.
Describe the Vedic civilization.
Answer:
Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samveda, Atharvaveda, these four Vedas together with other contemporary literary works, is known as Vedic civilization. The entire vedic period indicates an extensive time period.

Social Life:
The Indian society during the Vedic period was formed of Aryans. Aryans had thousands of domesticated animals. They settled wherever food and fodder for animal was available. ‘The chief basis of social organization of the’ Aryans was the family or the clan. The oldest male member was the head of the family. Joint family system was prevalent during the period in which people of many generations lived together.

Varna – system was prevalent during the vedic period. There were 4 Varanasi Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras. These Varanasi were, however not hereditary. For regulation of the social system Aryans considered life expectancy be 100 years and divided it into four Ashrams. These were Brahamcharya, (for learning and education), Grahastha (family life), Vanprastha (retirement from family life), Sannyas (giving up of worldly affairs).

Women enjoyed a high status in the society. Social evils like dowry, purdah system, child marriages were not prevalent. Women took keen interest in dressing up. Rice, Barley, Ghee (processed butter) and, milk formed the chief food of the Aryans. Chariot race, horse riding, hunting, dancing, gambling, game of dice were the chief means of entertainment.

Economic Life:
Vedic civilization was rural and was primarily ‘agrarian. Wheat, Jowar, Urad, Masoor (pulses) and Sesame were basically cultivated. Irrigation system was well developed. Along with agriculture, animal husbandry was the chief occupation. The status in the society was determined by the number of cows one had horse, cow, buffalo, sheep, goat etc. were domesticated.

Domestic systems of production and artisan-ship were highly developed. Carpenter, blacksmith, goldsmith, cobblers, had great importance. Both internal and external trade flourished. Barter system was’ prevalent.

Religious Life:
Aryans made great progress in religious and spiritual sphere. The chief features of their religious lives were as follows:

• Vedic Aryans was nature worshipers. They worshiped various forms of nature. Sun, moon, wind, clouds (Megh) Usha (Goddess of Light) were chief Gods and Goddesses.
• There was a provision of ‘Yagyan’ for every Aryan. They believed that Yagyans pleased God and fulfilled all wishes. Yagyans were the chief basis of rites and rituals.
• Though Aryans worshiped many Gods still they believed in Monotheism.

Political Life:

• Vedic Aryans were organized into various ‘Janas’ or tribes. A tribe had members of the same clan or family.
• The basis of political system was the clan. The father was head of the clan. Many clans together formed a ‘tribe or village’.
• Many villages together formed the ‘Vish’ the head of the Vish was called the Vishapati.
• Many ‘Vish’ together formed ‘Jana’ the head of which was ‘Gopa – 1.

Rig Vedic people organized themselves into communities which were called ‘Janas’. The chief of the tribe the Pradhan or leader was called ‘Rajan’ or Gopit, who was responsible for the safety of his community and animals. Vedic period administrative system was primarily monarchical. The position of the king was hereditary.

The chief duties of the king were – protection of the subjects waging wars, to maintain peace and give justice to the subjects. There were many subordinates to assist the King. The chief among them were the Purohits or the priest. The commander of the army Senani, Gramin (village officer, Sangrahita or the treasurer, revenue collector, charioteer, Palagal’ (King’s friend and amuser)

Sabha and Samiti:
Sabha and Samiti were important and effective political organizations of the vedic period. Probably they checked the arbitrary decisions of the king. Rigveda refers to these institutions.

Military Organization:
Tire Military Organization and art of warfare were considerably developed during this period. Infantry, cavalry and charioteers formed the main army. The main objective of the wars was self-defense, victory and to destroy the glory of neighboring kingdoms.

Question 3.
State the chief features of Chandra Gupta Maurya’s administrative organization.
Answer:
We learn about Chandra Gupta’s administrative system through Megasthenese’s. Indica and Kautilya’s Arthashastra.

chief features of his administration were as follows:

1. The King was the highest official of the Empire. He was the head of the army and administrator of justice. He was involved in the works concerning the welfare of his subjects.
2. There was a council of ministers to assist the King.
3.  Espionage system, Judicial system and Military organization was strong.
4. Land revenue was the chief source of states income \(\frac { 1 }{6 }\)^th of the produce was taken as the tax.
5. The officer collecting taxes was called Samaharta.
6. Empire was divided into provinces. They were governed by Princes or members of royal family.
7. There were six Boards for city administration. Each had members.
8. Military system was very strong. It was looked after by six Boards. These were – Admiralty, Infantry, Cavalry, war chariots, elephant army board and commensurate which managed military transport.
9. Code of punishment were very strict.
10. From Kautilya’s Arthashastra we come to know that there were two types of Courts – civil (Diwali) and criminal (Faujdari).

Question 4.
Write about Asoka’s Dhamma and mention its chief features.
Answer:
Asoka was the third and most famous Emperor of the Mauryan dynasty. He proved his ability and talent during his father Bindusar’s reign. He was crowned in around 269 3.C. He fought a war with Kalinga which proved to be a turning point in his life. The war gave a new direction to him.

After the Kalinga war, Asoka embraced Buddhism. In his inscriptions he not only propagated the fundamental principles of Buddhism but also moral principles. His Dhamma was the summary of all religions. Asoka’s Dhamma aims for the welfare of all, and aims at mental, moral and spiritual upliftment of all living beings. His Dhamma was extremely simple and practical.

Mercy on all beings, speaking truth, wishing well being of all, respect to parents and teachers, were chief features of Asoka’s Dhamma. He sent for the spread of Buddhism in foreign countries. Asoka got many rock inscriptions and pillar inscriptions made.

His son and daughter Mahendra and Sanghamitra went to Srilanka for propagating Buddhism. He got Stu pas,constructed inscribed religious inscriptions established a department of religion and appointed officers called Dhamma Mahamatras. Most of the inscriptions of Asoka describe him as Devana Priyadasi which means favorite of Gods.

Chief features of Asoka’s Dhamma:

• Sovereignty
• Importance given to self-discipline and etiquette.
• Non-violence and religious toleration.
• Prominence of moral values.
• Emphasis on practicing truth in life.

Question 5.
‘Gupta period is known as the golden period of Indian history’Justify the statement.
Answer:
There was an all round development during the Gutpa period. Therefore this period is referred to as the golden period. During this period there were great rulers like Chandra Gupta – I, Samudra Gupta and Chandra Gupta II, Vikramaditya. The rulers paid great attention towards the welfare of their subjects. They maintained peace and good administration. Each ruler made efforts to organize India into one political unit.

There was economic prosperity everywhere. Consequently art and literature saw a remarkable growth. The period produced mathematician and astronomers like Varahmihira, Aryabhatta and Bhramagupta. Aryabhatta in his ‘Surya-Siddhanta’ explained the causes of solar and lunar eclipses. He also declared that the earth revolves round its axis. He also wrote a book ‘Aryabhatiya’.

The invention of zero and decimal system also started during this period. The prominent mathematicians of Gupta period were also skilled in astrology. Besides, astrology and mathematics, literature, painting, architecture, physics, metallurgy and knowledge of astronomical occurrences was at its peak.

The reasons why the Gupta age is called the Golden age.

1. Era of great rulers.
2. Era of Peace.
3. Era of Political unity.
4. Ear of Econometric prosperity.
5. Era of Artistic progress.
6. Era of Literary progress.
7. Era of Scientific progress.
8. Security from foreign aggression.

Question 6.
Briefly describe the victory campaign of Samudra Gupta.
Answer:
After Chandra Gupta I his son Samudra Gupta inherited the throne. He extended the boundaries of the Empire inherited by him and gave political unity to India. In his victory campaign Samudra Gupta conquered nine powerful states of northern India and merged them into his Kingdom. He also conquered the Atavika states of central India.

In his conquest of the south ‘Dakshinapath’ he won over 12 states but returned them to the Kings. These states gave annual taxes to the Gupta rulers. Due to his victory over Aryavratai and Dakshinapath the frontier states and republics got scared and they accepted the sovereignty of Samudra Gupta. After his victory he performed the Ashvamedha Yagyan and issued gold currencies. References of his. victory are mentioned in Harisen’s Allahabad pillar inscription.

Samudra Gupta was a great Military commander, efficient politician and an invincible warrior. The famous historian Smith has called Samudra Gupta the ‘Indian Napoleon.’ Some of the Indian historians call Samudra Gupta greater and more practical than Napoleon because Samudra Gupta accomplished many victories but never incorporated the won states in his Empire nor did he try to impose his will upon these states. He only took gifts or taxes from’ the rulers and allowed the rulers to be independent but friendly states.

Question 7.
Write about the administrative organisation of Harsha – vardhan.
Answer:
Besides beings a conqueror, Harsha was also an able administrator, with a few changes he followed the Gupta organization. The pattern of Harsha’s administration was monarchical. The Emperor had the most prominent place in the central administration. He was the chief of the army and the highest court of appeal.

Tire main aim of the rule was the welfare of the subjects. There were many ministers and secretaries to assist the Emperor. The King was not bound to the decisions of the Council of Ministers. There were departmental heads like Mahasenapati (Commander in chief) and Maha Sandhivigrahdhikrt (Secretary of war and power).

For administrative convenience the vasts .empire was divided into provinces. Province-were called Bhukti or Desh. The administrator of Bhukti was called Uparik. Only the princes of the royal dynasty or members of The royal family were appointed to these positions. Each province was divided into various Vishayas (districts).

The administrators of Vishayas were called Vishayapati. He supervised the various activities of the district. The smallest unit of administration was the village. Harsha had a large army. The code of punishment during Harsha’s period was very strict. There were capital punishments for some crimes. Due to the strict code of punishment the rate of crime was less.

The sources of information on Harsha have been derived from Bana’s Harsha Charita and Chinese traveler Hieun Tsang’s travelogues. The chief source of states income was land revenue. Generally land revenue was one/sixth of the produce. Taxes could be paid in the form of grain. Besides markets river banks tax on traders and fines were chief sources of state income.

The sources of information on Harsha have been derived from Bana’s Harsha Charita and Chinese traveler Hieun Tsang’s travelogues. The chief source of states income was land revenue. Generally land revenue was one / sixth of the produce. Taxes could be paid in the form of grain. Besides markets river banks tax on traders and fines were chief sources of state income.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 9 Other Important Questions

Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
(i) Who did write Rajtarangini?
(a) Kautilya
(b) Panini
(c) Kalhan
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(c) Kalhan

Question 2.
From geographical point of view the world’s largest civilization is –
(a) Harppan civilization
(b) Vedic civilization
(c) Epic period civilization
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(a) Harppan civilization

Question 3.
The most ancient epic is –
(a) Yajurveda
(b) Rigvdea
(c) Samveda
(d) Atharvaveda.
Answer:
(b) Rigvdea

Question 4.
Vanprastha means –
(a) family life
(b) retirement from family life
(c) giving up of worldly affairs
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(b) retirement from family life

Question 5.
The founder of Gupta dynasty was
(a) Sri Gupta
(b) Samudra Gupta
(c) Skanda Gupta
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(a) Sri Gupta

Question 6.
Which Gupta ruler has been called the ‘Indian Napolean’?
(a) Skanda Gupta
(b) Samudra Gupta
(c) Sri Gupta
(d) Chandragupta
Answer:
(b) Samudra Gupta

Match the following:

Answer:
1. (c) Fa-Hein
2. (d) Indica
3. (e) Indian Nepolean
4. (a) Gautam Buddha
5. (b) Kalinga

Fill in the blank:

1. In ……………….. many janpads are mentioned.
2. Mohen-jo-dro was discovered in 1922 by …………….
3. Rigveda, Yajurveda and Samveda are called …………….
4. ………….. is the oldest work in the world.
5. Buddha was born at ……………..

Answer:

1. Mahabharata
2. Rabhaldas
3. Vedatriji
4. Rigveda
5. Lumbini.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 9 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the name of two epics.
Answer:
Mahabharata and Ramayan.

Question 2.
What is the literal meaning of ‘Mohen-jo-daro’?
Answer:
The literal meaning of Mohen-jo-daro is ‘The Mound of the Dead.’

Question 3.
What is known as Vedic civilization?
Answer:
Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samveda, Atharvaveda – These four Vedas together with other contemporary literary works is known as vedic civilization.

Question 4.
Name the four varnas.
Answer:
Brahmins, Kshatriya, Vaishyas and Shudras.

Question 5.
What was the commander of the army called during vedic civilization?
Answer:
He was called Senani.

Question 6.
Which two religions emerged during the period 6th century B.C.?
Answer:
Jainism and Buddhism emerged during the period 6th century B.C.

Question 7.
What is the main principle of Jainism?
Answer:
The main principle of Jainism is Ahimsa or nonviolence.

Question 8.
Name three famous rulers of the Mauryan empire?
Answer:
Chandra Gupta Maurya, Bindusar and Asoka-the-Great.

Question 9.
Whom did Chandra Gupta defeat in around 305 B.C.?
Answer:
Chandra Gupta defeated the Greek Commander Seleucus Nicator in around 305 B.C.

Question 10.
Who fought a war with Kalinga?
Answer:
King Asoka fought a war with Kalinga.

Question 11.
What do you know about Asoka’s Dharma?
Answer:
Asoka’s Dharma was the summary of all religions. It aims for the welfare of all. It aims at mental, moral and spiritual upliftment of all living beings.

Question 12.
Who was the last Mauryan ruler?
Answer:
The last Mauryan ruler was Brihadrath.

Question 13.
What happened to him?
Answer:
He was killed by his commander Pushyamitra Sunga.

Question 14.
When did Harsha become ruler of Thanesar?
Answer:
Harsha became the ruler of Thanesar in 606 A.D.

Question 15.
Write the two sources of information on Harsha.
Answer:
The two sources of information on Harsha are Bana’s Harsha Charita – and Chinese traveler Hieun Tsang’s travelogues.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 9 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Mention the chief civilizations and dynasties of Ancient India in Chronological order.
Answer:

Question 2.
Describe the literary sources that throw light on ancient Indian history.
Answer:
Indian literature has worldly and religious elements. Vedas (Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajur / eda and Atharvaveda) Aranyakas, Upanishads, Vedangs, Sutras, Epics (Mahabharata and Ramayana) Smrities, Puranas, Buddhist liters Lure, Jain literature, Visakhadutta’s Mudrarakshhas, Kautilya’s Arthashastra, Patanjali’s Mahabhashya, Panini’s Ashtadhyayi, Kalhan’s Rajtarangini and other literary sources are chief sources of information about ancient Indian geographical, political, cultural, religious and economic life.

Question 3.
Write a note on ‘Public Bath’.
Answer:
In the excavations of Mohen – jo – daro a big bath has been found which is rectangular. It has a balcony on all the four sides and there are rooms behind the balconies, swimming pool and big wells to fill water in.

Every corner of the bath has staircase and the bath is made of baked bricks. This bath probably had religious significance and on sacred occasions people bathed in it. The great bath was so well constructed that it exists even today.

Question 4.
Write a note on Jainism.
Answer:
Vardharnan Mahavir was the 24th Tirthankar of the Jain religion. Mahavir was born to King Siddharth of Kundgrama. Vardharnan (Mahavir) was thoughtful and sober since childhood. He renounced the world after the death of his father. He attained Kaivalyagyan (highest knowledge) after 12 year’s of penance and meditation.

He was called a Jain (or victor over senses) as he got victory over his senses; and his followers were called Janis. The main principle of Jainism is Ahimsha or non – violence. According to Jainism non – violence it is not enough to refrain from violence but violence in thought, speech and allowing violence by others was also against religion. Mahavira professed the five vows.

Question 5.
Describe the chief features of Asoka’s Dharma.
Answer:
The chief features of Asoka’s Dharma are:

• Sovereignty.
• Importance given to self – discipline and etiquette.
• Non – violence and religious tolerance.
• Prominence of moral values.
• Explains on practicing truth in life.

Question 6.
What were the causes of downfall of the Mauryan Empire?
Answer:
There were several causes of downfall of the Mauryan Empire:

• The successors of Asoka were incapable. They divided the Empire among themselves and could not keep the Empire of their ancestors intact.
• The oppression of Provincial officers.
• Lack of nationalism in the subjects.
• Asoka’s policy of non-.violence made Military administration weak.
• There was lethargy also in the administrative system.

Question 7.
Some of the Indian historians call Samudra Gupta greater and more practical than Napoleon. Justify it.
Answer:
Samudra Gupta was really greater and more practical than Napoleon beacuse he (Samudra Gupta) accomplished many victories but never incorporated the won states in his empire nor did he try to impose his will upon these states. He only took gifts or taxes from the rulers and allowed the rulers to be independent but friendly states.

Question 8.
How can you say that Harsha was one of the greatest rulers of India?
Answer:
Harsha was one of the greatest rulers of India. It is generally believed that Harshvardhan had control over the entire northern India. He was a great conqueror, able administrator promoted welfare of the people. He was religious person and a patron of learning. Due to his victories and spread of religious works he has been called an assimilation of Samudra Gupta and Asoka.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 9 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the contribution of Chandra Gupta II in consolidating and strengthening the Gupta Empire.
Answer:
Chandra Gupta II, also known as Vikramaditya, was a great ruler of the Gupta Empire. His contribution to the Empire is noteworthy.

1. Chandra Gupta – II married Kubernaga of the Naga dynasty. This led to friendly relations between both the dynasties. He married his daughter Prabhavati Gupta to Rundrasena II the Vakataka King. This relationship secured Chandra Gupta’s control over the Sakas.

These matrimonial alliances proved to be politically very important. The daughter of Kadama dynasty was also married in the Gupta dynasty. Due to this matrimonial alliance the glory of. Chandra Gupta II spread to southern India as well.

2. An important achievement of Chandra Gupta – II’s reign was victory over Sakas. As a result of this victory western Malwa, Gujarat, Saurashtra, states of Kathiawad came under the Gupta Empire. The western boundaries of Gupta empire reached the Arabian sea.

3. Chandra Gupta – II is also described as Vikramaditya. He was an able politician. He was a great victor, able administrator, admirer of knowledge, benevolent, and protector of intellectuals. Among the Navratnas (nine Gems) in his court Kalidas was supreme.

During Chandra Gupta’s period science, architecture, sculpture, saw remarkable progress. The Chinese traveler Fa-Hein came during his reign and stayed in India from 405-411 A.D. In his travelogues he has described the contemporary political, social and economic condition of India.

Question 2.
Describe the social and economic life of the Indus civilization.
Answer:
Social life in the Indus Civilization:
The study of the archaeological sources the Tarappan civilization proves that the society was divided into various groups. The prominent among them were potters, carpenters, weavers, plumbers, masons, artisans, bricks makers, bead-makers and sculptors. During the period, the priests must have occupied an important position and performed special duties. The remains found at Mohen – jo – daro point in this direction.

Besides these bureaucrats, military and government officials, intellectuals and traders and laborers also resided. The people of the Tarappan civilization had an artistic bend of mind. The people of the Harappan civilization were well versed in the art of hairstyles, indulged in ornaments and cosmetics. During this period people excelled in singing, music, dance etc. The statue of a dancing girl found during the excavation certifies the same.

Food habits of the period included both vegetarian and non-vegetarian food. Ornaments were made of copper, bronze, shells, ivory, clay beads, beads made of horn and bones, hair clips, finger rings, bangles, necklace, amulets, bracelet, anklets, earrings were worn as ornaments.

They were also fond of hunting. From the remains found at Mohen-jo-daro a Yogi’s image on one of the seal (resembling Pashupatinath – Shiva) Rock Lin – gas (resembling Shiv Linga) can form an idea of the religious beliefs of the people. Besides these evidences of worship of snake, trees, the sun and water have also been found from excavation.

Economic Life in the Indus Civilization:
The economy I of this period was well developed. Agriculture was the main occupation. Besides agriculture, animal rearing, industry, internal and external trade, statue making industry, bricks industry, sculpture etc. were the chief industries. Indus people had trade relations.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Solutions Chapter 17 The Climate of India

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Chapter 17 Text Book Exercise

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Chapter 17 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Question (a)
What is Monsoon?
Answer:
The word ‘Monsoon’ originates from an Arabic word ‘Mausim’ meaning season. India is situated in the tropical zone. Most of our rain is brought by the monsoon winds. Our farmers depend very much on the monsoon showers to assure a good harvest. If monsoon comes early the crops suffer because fields are not ready to receive the rain. If it delays it causes drought. Thus, climatically monsoon is a very Important phenomenon.

Question (b)
What is retreating monsoon?
Answer:
Retreating monsoon winds begin to withdraw from land. The period from 2nd week of September to November is the period of retreating monsoon. They do not cause any rains over most parts of the country except the eastern coast of India and the Tamil Nadu coasts. Retreating monsoon winds after passing over the Bay of Bengal cause rains on the Orissa, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu coasts.

Question (c)
What is temperature variation?
Answer:
The temperature variation is more in North India than in the South India.

Question (d)
What is the climate of India called?
Answer:
The climate of India is called monsoon climate.

Question (e)
What are the four seasons is India?
Answer:
The four seasons in India are:

1. Cold weather season (winter)
2. Hot weather season (summer)
3. Advancing monsoon season (rainy)
4. Season of retreating monsoon (autumn)

Question (f)
Explain the general condition in winter in India?
Answer:
The temperature is low in northern India and atmospheric pressure is high. Winds blow from high pressure belt to low pressure belt, i.e from land to sea. Since the winds blow from the land, they are dry and cold. Their direction is north – east to south – west. Temperature falls rapidly. The characteristics of the winter seasons are:

1. Cold waves blow in all parts of northern India.
2. The western cyclone causes a little rainfall in the north – west.
3. The monsoon winds coming back from the Bay of Bengal causes rainfall in the coast of Tamil Nadu.

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:

1. In the north – west rainfall is caused by …………….. in winter.
2. When temperature rises, atmospheric pressure became …………………
3. The hot wind that blows in north west of India in summer in the afternoon is called ………………..
4. When temperature falls down 5° celcius, the cold wind that blows, is called ……………….

Answer:

1. western cyclone
2. low
3. loo
4. cold wave.

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Chapter 17 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 3.
Question (a)
What are the factors that effect the climate of India ? Describe in detail?
Answer:
The following factors affect the climate of India:

1. Geographical position:
India is located between 8°4’N to 37°6’N latitude. The Tropic of Cancer divides it into almost two equal parts. Indian ocean stretches in the south of India. There are high mountains of the Himalayas in the North. The winds get enough moisture as it is surrounded by water on three sides.

2. The form of the surface of the earth:
The Himalayas stretches like a wall from east to west. It stops the cold winds blowing from the North pole and saves India from severe cold. On the other land it also stops the moist monsoon winds and causes rainfall.

3. Winds:
If the winds did not change direction with the change of season, India would have been a dry desert. In the north, change in the atmospheric pressure in Asia also changes the direction of the winds.

Question (b)
What are the characteristics of the Indian climate?
Answer:
The main characteristics of the Indian climate are:

1. Climate of India is Monsoon climate.
2. Most of the raimail occur in four months from June to September.
3. The temperature variation is more in North India than in the South India.
4. The distribution of rainfall is uneven.
5. The climate affects the life of the people.
6. The inner parts of India have continental and the coastal parts have moderate climate.
7. Cyclones occur before and after Monsoon. They cause rain.

Question (c)
How does Monsoon originate in India?
Answer:
The period from June to September is the south – west monsoon season. The low pressure area developed in the north – west of the sub – continent becomes intense. The south east trade winds blow towards low pressure area in the North India. These moist winds enter into the two oceans on the east as well as on the west (Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea). Suddenly they are caught up in the circulation over India and bring rain. The whole country, at one time or the other, gets rain in about 4 to 5 months either through south – west monsoon or north – east monsoon.

Question 4.
Show the following in the map of India:
Tropic of Cancer, Cherapunji and summer winds areas with heavy rain, Arabian sea, Bay of Bengal, Indian Desert?
Answer:
Do yourself.

Question 5.
Look at the map above and say?

1. In which direction are the winds blowing in the south?
2. Are the winds blowing from land to sea or sea to land?
3. Would the winds cause rainfall?

Answer:

1. Winds are blowing from high pressure belt to low pressure belt.
2. Winds are blowing from sea (Indian Ocean) to land (Indian Peninsula).
3. Yes.

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 7th Sanskrit पत्र-लेखनम्

पत्रलेखन रचना का महत्वपूर्ण अंग है। प्रायः प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को पत्र, प्रार्थना-पत्र इत्यादि लिखने पड़ते हैं। मार्गदर्शन के लिए महत्वपूर्ण पत्र यहाँ दिये जाते हैं

1. पितरम् प्रति पुत्रस्य पत्रम्
(पिता के लिए पुत्र का पत्र)

राजकीय विद्यालयः
इन्दौरनगरः (मध्य प्रदेश)
दिन. 21.07.20…

पूज्याः पितृचरणाः
सादरं कोटिशः प्रणामाः
अत्र कुशलं तत्रास्तु। मुद्राभिः सह पत्रं प्राप्तम्। राजकीय विद्यालये मम प्रवेशः अभवत्। मम त्रैमासिकी परीक्षा अक्टूबरमासे भविष्यति। अहं तथा परिश्रयम् प्रयत्नम् वा करिष्यामि यथा अहं सर्वासु परीक्षा विषयेतु प्रथमं स्थानम् प्राप्नुयम्। पूज्या जननी कामपि चिन्ताम् न करोत्। अत्र कापि कठिनता नास्ति। पूज्यायाः मातुः चरणकमलयोः कोटिशः साष्टाङ्ग प्रणामाः।

शुभशीर्वादाकांक्षी
विश्वनाथः
कक्षा सप्तमः

2. पुत्रं प्रति पितुः पत्रम्
(पुत्र के लिए पिता का पत्र)

गोकुल निवासः
बडनगरम्
इन्दौर
दि. 07.08.20…

वत्स विश्वनाथ!
कोटिशः शुभाशीर्वादाः।
अत्रकुशलं तत्रास्तु।
तव पठनम् सम्यक्रूपेण चलति इति ज्ञात्वा वयं सर्वे प्रसन्नाः। सुपुत्रात् इयमेव आशास्ति यत् स स्वसन्तोषजनकेन उत्तम परिणामेन पितरौ सन्तोषयेत्। धनस्य कापि चिन्ता न कार्या। वयं समये समये धनं प्रेषयिष्यामः। त्वं सर्वोत्तमम् परिणामम् दर्शय, वयं यथेच्छं धनं दास्यामः। माता तुभ्यं सस्नेहं शुभाशीर्वादम् ददाति। पत्रम् प्रेषणीयम्।

तव हितैषी पिता
रामचन्द्रः।

3. प्रधानाचार्य प्रति शिष्यस्य प्रार्थनापत्रम्

माननीयाः प्रधानाचार्य महोदयाः
राजकीय विद्यालयः
इन्दौरनगरम्।
मान्याः।
सादरं सविनयम् निवेदनमिदं यत् मम पितुः वेतनम् अतिन्यूनम्। अन्ये च मे भ्रातरः अस्मिन्नेव विद्यालये षष्ट कक्षायाम् पठन्ति। अतः मम सविनयं निवेदनम् यत् मह्यम् निःशुल्का शिक्षा प्रदेया। पितुः वेतन-प्रमाणपत्रम् संलग्नम् अस्ति, अशास्ति यत् मम विषये भवताम् उदार: दृष्टिकोणः भविष्यति।

कृपाकांक्षी भवच्छिष्यः
विश्वनाथ
कक्षा सप्तमः।

4. प्रधानाचार्य प्रति शिष्यस्य प्रार्थनापत्रम्

श्रीमन्तः
प्रधानाचार्य महोदयाः
राजकीय विद्यालयः
इन्दौरनगरम्, मध्यप्रदेशः।
महोदयाः
सादरं सविनयं निवेदनं यह अहं तीव्रज्वरेण पीड़ितः अस्मि। अतः विद्यालये उपस्थातुम् सर्वथा असमर्थः। कृपया दशदिवसानाम् मह्यम् अवकाशप्रदानेन अनुग्रहः कार्यः। वैद्यराजस्य प्रमाणपत्रं संलग्नम्।

भवदाज्ञाकारी
विश्वनाथः
कक्षा सप्तमः।

5. प्रधानाचार्यं प्रति प्रार्थनापत्रम्

श्रीमन्तः
प्रधानाचार्य महोदयाः
राजकीय विद्यालयः
इन्दौर नगरम् (मध्य प्रदेश)
मान्याः!
सविनयं निवेदनम् यत् मम ज्येष्ठभ्रातुः विवाहः अस्या मेव दशभ्याम् तिथौ अस्ति। वर-यात्रा भोपालनगरम् गमिष्यति। वरयात्रायां ममापि गमनम् अनिवार्यम्। अतः अहं पञ्च दिवसानाम् अवकाशस्य प्रार्थनां करोमि।

भवच्छिष्यः
विश्वनाथः
कक्षा सप्तमः।

MP Board Class 7th Sanskrit Solutions

MP Board Class 6th Maths Solutions Chapter 6 पूर्णांक Ex 6.1

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 132-133

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित के विपरीत (opposite) लिखिए :
(a) भार में वृद्धि
(b) 30 किमी उत्तर दिशा
(c) 326 ई. पूर्व
(d) Rs 700 की हानि
(e) समुद्र तल से 100 मी ऊपर
हल :
(a) भार में कमी
(b) 30 किमी दक्षिण
(c) 326 ई.
(d) Rs 700 का लाभ
(e) समुद्र तल से 100 मी नीचे।

प्रश्न 2.
निम्नलिखित प्रयुक्त हुई संख्याओं को उचित चिह्न लगाकर पूर्णांकों के रूप में लिखिए
(a) एक हवाई जहाज भूमि से दो हजार मीटर की ऊँचाई पर उड़ रहा है।
(b) एक पनडुब्बी समुद्र तल से 800 मीटर की गहराई पर चल रही है।
(c) खाते में Rs 200 जमा कराना।
(d) खाते में से Rs 700 निकालना।
हल :
(a) + 2000 मीटर
(b) – 800 मीटर
(c) + Rs 200
(d) – Rs 700

प्रश्न 3.
निम्नलिखित संख्याओं को संख्या रेखा पर निरूपित कीजिए
(a) + 5
(b) – 10
(c) + 8
(d) – 1
(e) – 6
हल :
संख्या रेखा पर + 5, – 10, + 8, – 1 तथा – 6 को क्रमशः A, B, C, D और E द्वारा दर्शाया गया है।

प्रश्न 4.
संलग्न आकृति में एक ऊर्ध्वाधर संख्या रेखा को दिखाया गया है, जो पूर्णांकों को निरूपित करती है। इस रेखा को देखिए और निम्नलिखित बिन्दुओं के स्थान ज्ञात कीजिए:

(a) यदि बिन्दु D पूर्णांक + 8 है, तो – 8 वाला बिन्दु कौन-सा है?
(b) क्या G एक ऋणात्मक पूर्णांक है या धनात्मक?
(c) बिन्दु B और E के संगत पूर्णांक लिखिए।
(d) इस संख्या रेखा पर अंकित बिन्दुओं में से किसका मान सबसे कम है?
(e) सभी बिन्दुओं को उनके मानों के घटते हुए क्रम में लिखिए।
हल :
(a) बिन्दु F, – 8 को निरूपित करता है।
(b) हाँ, G एक ऋणात्मक पूर्णांक है।
(c) B के संगत पूर्णांक + 4 तथा E के संगत पूर्णांक – 10
(d) इस संख्या रेखा पर अंकित बिन्दु में E का मान सबसे कम है।
(e) बिन्दुओं का घटता क्रम D, C, B, A, O, H, G, F, E

प्रश्न 5.
वर्ष के विशेष दिन के लिए भारत के पाँच स्थानों पर तापमानों की सूची नीचे दी गयी है :

(a) इन स्थानों के तापमानों को पूर्णांकों के रूप में रिक्त स्तम्भ में लिखिए।
(b) निम्नलिखित संख्या रेखा डिग्री सेल्सियस (Degree Celsius) में तापमानों को निरूपित करती है।

उपरोक्त स्थानों के नाम संख्या रेखा पर उनके तापमानों के संगत अंकित कीजिए।
(c) कौन-सा स्थान सबसे ठण्डा है?
(d) उन स्थानों के नाम लिखिए जिनका तापमान 10°C से ऊपर है।
हल :
(a)

(b)

(c) सियाचिन (- 10°C) सबसे ठण्डा है।
(d) 10°C से ऊपर वाले स्थान-दिल्ली (20°C), अहमदाबाद (+ 30°C)

प्रश्न 6.
निम्नलिखित युग्मों में, कौन-सी संख्या, संख्या रेखा पर दूसरी संख्या के दाईं ओर स्थित है ?
(a) 2, 9
(b)-3, -8
(c) 0, -1
(d)-11, 10
(e)-6, 6
(f) 1, -100.
हल :
(a) संख्या 9 संख्या 2 के दाईं ओर स्थित है।
(b) संख्या – 3 संख्या – 8 के दाईं ओर स्थित है।
(c) संख्या 0 संख्या – 1 के दाईं ओर स्थित है।
(d) संख्या 10 संख्या – 11 के दाईं ओर स्थित है।
(e) संख्या 6 संख्या – 6 के दाईं और स्थित है।
(f) संख्या 1 संख्या – 100 के दाईं ओर स्थित है।

प्रश्न 7.
नीचे दिए हुए युग्मों के पूर्णांकों के बीच के सभी पूर्णांक लिखिए (बढ़ते हुए क्रम में लिखिए) :
(a) 0 और -7
(b) -4 और 4
(c) -8 और -15
(d) -30 और -23.
हल :
(a) – 6, – 5, – 4, – 3, – 2, – 1
(b) – 3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2, 3
(c) – 14, – 13, – 12, – 11, – 10, – 9
(d) – 29, – 28, – 27, – 26, – 25, – 24

प्रश्न 8.
(a) – 20 से बड़े चार ऋणात्मक पूर्णांक लिखिए।
(b) – 10 से छोटे चार ऋणात्मक पूर्णांक लिखिए।
हल :
(a) – 19, – 18, – 17, – 16
(b) – 11, – 12, – 13, – 14

प्रश्न 9.
निम्नलिखित कथनों के लिए सत्य अथवा असत्य लिखिए। यदि कथन असत्य है, तो सत्य बनाइए।
(a) संख्या रेखा पर – 8, – 10 के दाईं ओर स्थित है।
(b) संख्या रेखा पर – 100, – 50 के दाईं ओर स्थित है।
(c) सबसे छोटा ऋणात्मक पूर्णांक – 1 है।
(d) – 26 पूर्णांक – 25 से बड़ा है।
हल :
(a) सत्य;
(b) असत्य; सत्य कथन : संख्या रेखा पर – 100 संख्या – 50 के बाईं ओर स्थित है।
(c) असत्य; सत्य कथन : – 1 सबसे बड़ा ऋणात्मक पूर्णांक है।
(d) असत्य; सत्य कथन : – 26 पूर्णांक – 25 से छोटा है।

प्रश्न 10.
एक संख्या रेखा खींचिए और निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए
(a) यदि हम – 2 के दाईं ओर 4 कदम चलें, तो हम किस संख्या पर पहुँच जायेंगे ?
(b) यदि हम 1 के बाईं ओर 5 कदम चलें, तो हम किस संख्या पर पहुँच जायेंगे ?
(c) यदि हम संख्या रेखा पर – 8 पर हैं, तो – 13 पर पहुँचने के लिए हमें किस दिशा में चलना चाहिए ?
(d) यदि हम संख्या रेखा पर – 6 पर हैं, तो – 1 पर पहुँचने के लिए हमें किस दिशा में चलना चाहिए ?
हल :
(a) – 2 के दाईं ओर 4 कदम चलने पर हम संख्या 2 पर पहुँच जायेंगे।

(b) 1 के बाईं ओर 5 कदम चलने पर हम संख्या – 4 पर पहुँच जायेंगे।
(c) – 8 से – 13 पर पहुँचने के लिए हमें संख्या रेखा पर -8 के बाईं ओर चलना चाहिए। (∵- 13 < -8)
(d) – 6 से – 1 पर पहुँचने के लिए, हमें – 6 के दाईं ओर चलना चाहिए।

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 134

प्रश्न 1.
अमीना ने उन्हें इस प्रकार लिखा
(a)+6
(b)-4
(c) (+ 5) + (+ 3) = +8
(d) (-6) + (-2) = -4
(e) (-5) + (+ 12) = +7
(f) (-8) + (+ 5) = – 3
(g) (+ 7) + (-10) = 17
उसने कुछ गलतियाँ की हैं। क्या आप उसके उत्तरों की जाँच कर सकते हैं और गलतियाँ सही कर सकते हैं।
हल :
(a) सही,
(b) सही,
(c) सही,
(d) गलत है; सही है : (-6) + (-2) = – 6-2 = – 8
(e) सही
(f) सही
(g) गलत है;
सही है : (+7) + (- 10) = +7 – 10 = – 3.

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 135

प्रयास कीजिए

भूमि पर क्षैतिज संख्या रेखा के रूप में एक आकृति खींचिए जैसा कि नीचे दर्शाया गया है। उपर्युक्त उदाहरण में दिए प्रश्नों की ही तरह कुछ प्रश्न बनाइए और फिर उन्हें अपने मित्रों को हल करने के लिए कहिए।

प्रश्न 1.
संख्या 0 से बाईं ओर 4 कदम जाओ।
2. संख्या 0 के दाईं ओर 6 कदम जाओ।
3. संख्या 0 के दाईं ओर 3 कदम जाओ और फिर वहाँ से 8 कदम बाईं ओर आओ।
4. संख्या 0 से दाईं ओर 10 कदम और फिर दो कदम बायीं ओर आओ।
हल :
1.0 के बाईं ओर 4 कदम -4
2. संख्या 0 के दाईं ओर 6 कदम + 6
3. + 3 + (-8) = +3 – 8 = -5
4. (+ 10) + (-2) = + 10-2 = + 8

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 136

निम्नलिखित सारणी को देखिए और उसे पूरा कीजिए

प्रयास कीजिए

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित का योग ज्ञात कीजिए
(a) (-11) + (-12)
(b) (+ 10) + (+4)
(c) (-32) + (-25)
(d) (+ 23) + (+ 40)
हल :
(a) (-11) + (- 12) = – 11 – 12 = – 23
(b) (+ 10) + (+4) = + 10 + 4 = + 14 = 14
(c) (-32) + (— 25) = — 32 – 25 = – 57
(d) (+ 23) + (+ 40) = + 23 + 40 = + 63 = 63

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 137

प्रयास कीजिए

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित में प्रत्येक का योग ज्ञात कीजिए
(a)(-7) + (+8)
(b) (-9) + (+ 13)
(c) (+7) + (-10)
(d) (+ 12) + (-7)
हल :
(a) (-7) + (+ 8) = (-7) + (+ 7) + (+ 1)
= 0 + ( + 1) = +1
(b) (-9) + (+ 13) = (-9) + (+9) + (+ 4)
= 0 + (+4) = +4
(c) (+7) + (- 10) = (+7) + (-7)+ (-3)
= 0 + (-3) = -3
(d) (+ 12) + (-7) = (+ 5) + (+ 7) + (-7)
= (+5)+0= +5

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 139

प्रयास कीजिए

प्रश्न 1.
संख्या रेखा का प्रयोग करते हुए, निम्नलिखित योग ज्ञात कीजिए
(a) (-2) + 6
(b) (-6) + 2
ऐसे दो और प्रश्न बनाइए तथा संख्या रेखा की सहायता से उन्हें हल कीजिए।
हल :
(a) (-2) + 6

हम संख्या रेखा पर पहले 0 के बाईं ओर 2 दो कदम चलकर -2 पर पहुँचते हैं। फिर – 2 के दाईं ओर 6 कदम चलते हैं तथा 4 पर पहुंचते हैं।
अतः (-2) + 6 = 4

(b) (-6) + 2

हम संख्या रेखा पर पहले 0 के बाईं ओर 6 कदम चलकर – 6 पर पहुँचते हैं। फिर – 6 के दाईं ओर चलकर – 4 पर पहुँचते हैं।
अतः (-6) + 2 = – 4

अन्य दो प्रश्न

संख्या रेखा की सहायता से हल कीजिए
(a) (-3) +5
(b) (-5) +3
हल :
(a) (-3) +5

हम संख्या रेखा पर पहले 0 के बाईं ओर 3 कदम चलते हैं तथा – 3 पर पहुँचते हैं। फिर – 3 के दाईं ओर 5 कदम चलकर 2 पर पहुँचते हैं।
अतः (-3) + 5 = 2

(b) (-5) +3

हम संख्या रेखा पर पहले 0 के बाईं ओर 5 कदम चलकर – 5 पर पहुँचते हैं। फिर – 5 से दायीं 3 कदम चलकर – 2 पर पहुँचते हैं।
अतः (-5) + 3 = – 2

प्रश्न 2.
संख्या रेखा का प्रयोग किए बिना निम्नलिखित का योग ज्ञात कीजिए :
(a) (+ 7) + (-11)
(b) (-13) + (+ 10)
(c) (-7) + (+9)
(d) (+ 10) + (-5)।
ऐसे पाँच प्रश्न और बनाइए और उन्हें हल कीजिए।
हल :
(a) (+ 7) + (-11)
= (+ 7) + (-7) + (-4)
= 0 + (-4)
= -4

(b) (-13) + (+ 10)
= (- 10) + (-3) + (+ 10)
= (- 10) + (+ 10) + (-3)
= 0 + (-3)
= -3

(c) (-7) + (+ 9)
= (-7) + (+ 7) + ( + 2)
= 0 + ( + 2)
= +2

(d) (+ 10) + (-5)
= (+ 5) + (+5) + (-5)
= (+5) + 0
= + 5

पाँच और प्रश्न
(a) (+ 6) + (-10)
(b) (-23) + (+ 8)
(c) (-7) + (+ 9)
(d) (+ 16) + (-5)
(e) (+21) + (-12)
हल :
(a) (+ 6) + (- 10)
= (+6) + (-6) + (-4)
= 0 + (-4)
= -4

(b) (-23) + (+ 8)
= (-15) + (-8) + (+ 8)
= (- 15) + 0
= -15

(c) (-7) + (+ 9)
= (-7) + (+ 7) + (+ 2)
= 0 + (+ 2)
= +2

(d) (+16) + (-5)
= (+ 11) + (+ 5) + (-5)
= (+ 11) + 0
= + 11

(e) (+21) + (- 12)
= (+ 9) + (+ 12) + (- 12)
= (+9) + 0
= +9

प्रश्न 1.
6 का योज्य प्रतिलोम क्या है?
हल :
6 का योज्य प्रतिलोम – 6 है।

प्रश्न 2.
-7 का योज्य प्रतिलोम क्या है?
हल :
– 7 का योज्य प्रतिलोम 7 है।

MP Board Class 6th Maths Solutions

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Solutions Chapter 24 Natural Vegetarian and Animals in India

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Chapter 24 Text Book Exercise

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Chapter 24  Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Question (a)
What is natural vegetation?
Answer:
The different types of forests bushes and grasslands are called natural vegetation.

Question (b)
Write two characteristic of the Monsoon forests?
Answer:
The characteristics of the Monsoon forests are:

1. Trees are of medium height.
2. Trees shed their leaves once in a year. Only in Moist Deciduous forests trees shed leaves throughout the year.
3. Trees of the same family are found together in an area. These forests are very useful.

Question (c)
Describe the forests found in India.
Answer:
The major forests of India are the following

1. Tropical Evergreen or Rain Forests
2. Tropical Deciduous Forests or Monsoon Forests
3. Thorn Forests and Bushes
4. Mangrove Forests

1. Tropical Evergreen or Rain Forests:
In hot and moist areas of our country where the average rainfall is more then 200 cm, evergreen vegetation is found. Such forests are found in the slopes of western Ghats, the plains of West Bengal, Orissa, North – East India and in Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Characteristics:

• The leaves of the trees in these forests are big, thick and smooth.
• There is no particular season when these trees shed their leaves. Leaves grow and fall down.
• The trees are tall.
• Many kinds of trees are found together.
• The forests are dense and evergreen.

Main trees:
Ebony, mahogany, rosewood, bamboo, coconut, palm, rubber etc.

2. Tropical Deciduous Forests or Monsoon Forest:
Tropical Deciduous forests are mainly found in areas where the average rainfall is between 75 to 200 cm. They are also known as Monsoon forests. They are subdivided into two parts Moist Deciduous Forest and Dry Deciduous Forests. The Moist Deciduous Forests are found in the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats, North – eastern part of the Peninsula and in the Shivalik hills, whereas Dry Deciduous Forests stretch over a large area of India.

Characteristics:

• Trees are of medium height.
• Trees shed their leaves once in a year. Only in Moist Deciduous forests trees shed leaves throughout the year.
• Trees of the same family are found together in an area. These forests are very useful.

Main Trees:
Sagaun, sal, shisham, sandal etc.

3. Thorn Forests and Bushes:
Thorny forests and bushes are found in areas where the average rainfall is less than 75 cm. Such forest are found in North – West part of the country. Western Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Saurashtra, Bundelkhand and Haryana.

Characteristics:

• Most of the trees have thorns.
• The trees are not high.
• The leaves are small and roots are long.

Main trees:
Accacia, babul, khair, date palm, plum, cactii and thorny bushes.

4. Mangrove Forests:
Mangrove forests are found in the deltas of rivers in seacoast. They grow simultaneously in saline sea water and river water. Sunderban is the largest area of these forests. They are found in West Bengal in the mouth of the Ganga. Mangrove and Sundari are the main trees. The up tides in the sea bring saline water to these forests which goes back with the down tides. This makes the land here marshy. These forests are dense and verdant through out the year.

Question (d)
Describe in brief the belts of mountainous vegetation?
Answer:
Different types of vegetation occur from the valleys to the heights of Himalayas. The vegetation has been divided into the following belts according to the heights in which they occur.

1. Moist Mountaineous Forests:
Evergreen tree with big leaves are found in these forest. Oak and Chestnut are the main trees.

2. Pine Tropical Forests:
These Forests are found in the north-east where there is high rainfall. Pine is the main tree.

3. Conical Forests:
These forests are found at the height of 1600m to 3500m. Pine, silver fir, spruce and deodar are the main trees.

4. Alpine Forests:
At high attitudes temperate Alpine Forests are found. The leaves of the trees are pointed and branches bend down. Silver fir, brich, bushes are the main trees.

Question (e)
Write a short essay on “The Importance of Forests.”
Answer:
Forests are very important in the human life as well as animals. Wood is the major product of the forests, which is used for timber and fuel. Soft woods are used fox making furniture, railway sleepers, paper, newsprint and cellulose as well as for building houses and bridges.

Hard woods are widely used as timber. Sandal wood is used for making decorative items. It has a fine scent. Rosewood is used for making furniture and caned articles. Bamboos, are used for making houses baskets, furniture, pulp and paper. Minor products of our forests are lac, resines, gums, medicinal herbs, kattha, fodder, tendu leaves for making bidis and grass.

Question 2.
Match the columns

Answer:

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks:

1. …………… is our national animal.
2. ……………. is our national bird.
3. The largest Mangrove forest is in ………………. .
4. …………….. are found in the forest of Gir.
5. The main animal found in desert is ………………. .

Answer:

1. Tiger
2. Peacock
3. Sunderban
4. Lions
5. Camel

Question 4.
State the difference:
Question (a)
Answer:
Evergreen Forests:

1. The trees are tall
2. There is no particular season when these trees shed their leaves^
3.  Many kinds of trees are found to gether.

Deciduous Forests:

1. The trees are of medium height.
2. Trees shed their leaves once in a year.
3. Trees of the same family are found together in an area.

Question (b)
National park and bird sanctuary.
Answer:

National Park:
National Park an area which provides protection and favorable living conditions to the wild animals. On the other hand, the national park provides protection to the entire set of the ecosystem, i.e. flora, fauna, landscape, etc. of that region.

Bird sanctuary:
Located about 86km from Horsley Hills and stretching over 358sq. km, this sanctuary is renowned for its rich biodiversity. The various types of birds which can be found here include rosy pelicans, pumas, jungle cats and monitor lizards, apart from others.

Question 5.
Show the following in the map of India?
Kanha – Kisli National Park, Kaziranga National Park, Gir National Park, Ranathambor Bird Sanctuary, Mangrove forest snow.
Answer:
Do with the help of your teacher.

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 7th Sanskrit Solutions Surbhi विविधप्रश्नावलिः 3

प्रश्न 1.
एक शब्द में उत्तर लिखो
(क) अनागतविधाता कुत्र अगच्छत्? [अनागतविधाता कहाँ चली गई?]
उत्तर:
अन्यज्जलाशयं

(ख) धीवराः कदा जलाशयं अगच्छन्? [धीवर कब जलाशय पर चले गये?]
उत्तर:
प्रभाते

(ग) क: योगस्य प्रवर्तकः? [योग का प्रवर्तक कौन था?]
उत्तर:
पतञ्जलिः

(घ) अगस्त्य किम् रचितवान्? [अगस्त्य ने किसकी रचना की?)
उत्तर:
विद्युत्कोशः

(ङ) कति जनाः नित्यदुःखिता? [कितने लोग प्रतिदिन दुखी होते हैं?]
उत्तर:
षट्

(च) शन्नोवरुणः’ इति ध्येयवाक्यं कस्याः सेनायाः अस्ति? [शन्नोवरुणः’ किस सेना का ध्येय वाक्य है?]
उत्तर:
जल सेनायाः

(छ) राज्ञी दुर्गावती कस्मिन् क्षेत्रे जाता? [रानी दुर्गावती किस क्षेत्र में जन्मी थी?
उत्तर:
मध्यप्रदेशस्यमण्डलाक्षेत्रे

(ज) विपरीतबुद्धिः कदा भवति? [बुद्धि किस समय विपरीत हो जाती है?]
उत्तर:
विनाशकाले।

प्रश्न 2.
एक वाक्य में उत्तर लिखो
(क) प्रभाते धीवराः किं अकुर्वन्? [प्रात:काल में धीवरों ने क्या किया?]
उत्तर:
प्रभाते धीवराः जलाशयं गत्वा जालं प्रसार्य मत्स्यान् अगृह्णन्। [प्रातःकाल धीवरों ने जलाशय पर जाकर जाल फैलाकर मछलियों को पकड़ लिया।]

(ख) मत्स्यानाम् नामानि कानि? [मछलियों के नाम क्या हैं?]
उत्तर:
मत्स्यानां नामानि-अनागतविधाता, प्रत्युत्पन्नमतिस्तथा, यद्भविष्यत्। [मछलियों के नाम-अनागतविधाता, प्रत्युत्पन्नमति और यद्भविष्यत् था।]

(ग) स्वस्थ शरीरे किं सुकरं भवति? [स्वस्थ शरीर में क्या आसान होता है?]
उत्तर:
स्वस्थ शरीरे अध्ययनं सुकरम् भवति। [स्वस्थ शरीर से अध्ययन आसान है।]

(घ) बालचराणाम् का प्रथमा प्रतिज्ञा? [बालचरों की प्रथम प्रतिज्ञा कौन-सी है?]
उत्तर:
बालचरस्य प्रथमा प्रतिज्ञा अस्ति-‘ईश्वरं स्वदेशं प्रति च कर्त्तव्य पालनं’। [बालचर की पहली प्रतिज्ञा है-ईश्वर और अपने देश के प्रति कर्त्तव्य का पालन करना।]

(ङ) कस्य धनं दानाय भवति? [किसका धन दान के लिए होता है?]
उत्तर:
साधोः धनं दानाय भवति। [सज्जन का धन दान के लिए होता है।

(च) प्रकाशनिस्सारणेन के भोजनं कुर्वन्ति? [प्रकाश निस्सारण से भोजन कौन बनाते हैं?]
उत्तर:
प्रकाशनिस्सारणेन पादपाः भोजनां कुर्वन्ति। [प्रकाश निस्सारण से वृक्ष भोजन बनाते हैं।]

(छ) दलपतशाहः कस्य राज्यस्य शासकः आसीत [दलपतशाह किस राज्य का शासक था?]
उत्तर:
दलपतशाह: गोंडवाना राज्यस्य शासकः आसीत् [दलपतशाह गोंडवाना राज्य का शासक था।]

(ज) कीदृशं वचः दुर्लभं भवति? [कैसा वचन दुर्लभ होता है?]
उत्तर:
हितं मनोहरि च वचः दुर्लभं भवति। [हितकारी और मनोहारी वचन दुर्लभ होता है।

प्रश्न 3.
अपेक्षित परिवर्तन करो
(क) बालचराः (एकवचनम्)
(ख) दलपतशाहस्य (तृतीया विभक्तिः)
(ग) प्राणायामस्य (सप्तमी विभक्तिः)
(घ) आगमनाय (प्रथमा विभक्तिः)
(ङ) साधोः (बहुवचनम्)
(च) रसायनम् (बहुवचनम्)
उत्तर:
(क) बालचरः
(ख) दलपतशाहेन
(ग) प्राणायामे
(घ) आगमनम्
(ङ) साधूनाम्
(च) रसायनानि।।

प्रश्न 4.
उचित विकल्प से वाक्यों को पूरा करो
(क) परोपकारः ……….. अस्ति। (पुण्याय/पापाय/धर्माय)
(ख) दुर्गावती यशः शरीरेण अद्यापि ………। (जीवन्ति/अजीवत्/जीवति)
(ग) पतञ्जलिः आयुर्वेदं ……… अरचयत्। (शरीराय/मनसे/वाण्यै)
(घ) महर्षिः कणादः ………. जनकः। (परमाणुवादस्य/योगस्य/शल्यक्रियायाः)
(ङ) स्थलसेना ……….. देशरक्षणं करोति। (आकाशमार्गात्/स्थलात्/जलमार्गात्)
(च) विनाशकाले ………..। ( अनुकूलबुद्धि/विपरीतबुद्धिः/सद्बुद्धिः)
उत्तर:
(क) पुण्याय
(ख) जीवति
(ग) शरीराय
(घ) परमाणुवादस्य
(ङ) स्थलात्
(च) विपरीतबुद्धिः।।

प्रश्न 5.
अधोलिखित वाक्यों में रेखांकित शब्दों के लिए प्रश्न बनाओ
(क) मृतं प्रत्युत्पन्नमतिं धीवराः जालात् बहिः अकुर्वन।
(ख) धीवराः मत्स्यान् जाले बध्वा नेष्यन्ति?
(ग) रेखागणितं शुल्बसूत्रे अस्ति।
(घ) पृथ्वी सूर्यं परिक्रमति।
(ङ) लोककल्याणं दुर्गावत्याः आदर्शः आसीत्।
(च) सेनाः त्रयः प्रकाराः।
(छ) उद्यमेन कार्याणि सिध्यन्ति।
उत्तर:
(क) मृतं प्रत्युत्पन्नमतिम् धीवरः कुतः बहिः अकरोत्?
(ख) धीवरा मत्स्यान् कस्मिन् बध्वा नेष्यन्ति?
(ग) रेखागणितं कस्मिन् सूत्रे अस्ति?
(घ) पृथ्वी कम् परिक्रमति?
(ङ) दुर्गावत्याः किम् आदर्शः आसीत्?
(च) सेनायाः कति प्रकाराः?
(छ) केन कार्याणि सिध्यन्ति?

प्रश्न 6.
उचित का जोड़ मिलाओ

उत्तर:
(क) → (6)
(ख) → (5)
(ग) → (4)
(घ) → (3)
(ङ) → (1)
(च) → (2)

प्रश्न 7.
शुद्ध वाक्यों के समक्ष ‘आम्’ और अशुद्ध वाक्यों के समक्ष ‘न’ लिखो
(क) संसर्गजाः दोषगुणाः न भवन्ति।
(ख) दुर्गावती मालवक्षेत्रे राज्यम् अकरोत्।
(ग) पतञ्जलि: धनुर्वेद अरचयत्।
(घ) बालचराः देशसेवां कुर्वन्ति।
(ङ) साधोः धनं दानाय भवति।
(च) बोधायन: पाइथागोरसतः पूर्वं अभवत् ।
उत्तर:
(क) न
(ख) न
(ग) न
(घ) आम्
(ङ) आम्
(च) आम्

प्रश्न 8.
समानार्थक शब्दों का मेल करो

उत्तर:
(क) → (6)
(ख) → (5)
(ग) → (1)
(घ) → (2)
(ङ) → (3)
(च) → (4)

प्रश्न 9.
विपरीतार्थक शब्दों का मेल करो

उत्तर:
(क) → (6)
(ख) → (5)
(ग) → (4)
(घ) → (3)
(ङ) → (2)
(च) → (1)

प्रश्न 10.
कोष्ठक से चित शब्द चुनकर रिक्त स्थान की पूर्ति करो-
[क्रीत्वा, नीत्वा, केतुं, आगत्य, गतवान, दातुं, जलाशये, प्रविश्य]
(क) मत्स्याः ……….. निवसन्ति स्म।
(ख) मोहनः भोजनं ………. विद्यालयं ……….।
(ग) सः पुस्तकं ……….. गृहकार्यं कृतवान्।
(घ) सः लेखनी ………. आपणं गतवान्।
(ङ) ततः गृहं ……….. पत्रं लिखितवान्।
(च) सः आपणतः भगिन्यै ………… उपहारम् आनीतवान्।
(छ) रात्रौ शयनकक्षं ………… सुप्तवान्।
उत्तर:
(क) जलाशये
(ख) नीत्वा, गतवान्
(ग) क्रीत्वा
(घ) ऋतुम्
(ङ) आगत्य
(च) दातुं
(छ) प्रविश्य।

प्रश्न 11.
उचित विकल्प से वाक्यों को पूरा करो
(क) विद्या ………… भवति। (ज्ञानस्य/ज्ञानाय)
(ख) औषधिः ……….. उन्मूलयति। (रोगान/रोगाणाम्)
(ग) अहं सप्तम ………… पठामि। (कक्षायाः/कक्षायाम्)
(घ) आर्यभट्टः ………… गतिम् ज्ञातवान्। (प्रकाशाय/प्रकाशस्य)
(ङ) दुर्गावती …………. राज्यम् अकरोत्। (चातुर्येण/चातुर्यम्)
(च) वायुसेना ………….. राष्ट्र रक्षति। (वायुमार्गे/वायुमार्गात्)
उत्तर:
(क) ज्ञानाय
(ख) रोगान्
(ग) कक्षायाम्
(घ) प्रकाशस्य
(ङ) चातुर्येण
(च) वायुमार्गात्।

प्रश्न 12.
उचित क्रियापद से बाक्य पूरा करो
(क) आगामिमासे अहं जबलपुरं ………….। (आगच्छम्/गमिष्यामि)
(ख) ह्यः भोजने मिष्टान्नं …………..। (अस्ति/आसीत्)
(ग) त्वं योग कक्षा …………. (प्रविशति/प्रविश्)
(घ) वयं सर्वे देशसेवां …………..। (कुर्मः/कुर्वन्ति)
(ङ) मयूराः वने ……………। (नृत्यति/नृत्यन्ति)
(च) शरीरे द्वे नेत्रे ……………..। (भवन्ति/भवतः)
उत्तर:
(क) गमिष्यामि
(ख) आसीत्
(ग) प्रविश
(घ) कुर्वन्ति
(ङ) नृत्यन्ति
(च) भवतः।

प्रश्न 13.
अन्वय की पूर्ति करो
(क) ……गुणी पुत्रः वरं ………… शतानि अपि ………… च। एकः ………. तमः ……….. तारागणाः ……….. च ……….. ।
(ख) यथायथा ……… , मनः कल्याणे …………। तथा ……….. अस्य सर्वार्थाः …………. अत्र ………… न।।
उत्तर:
(क) एकः, मूर्ख, न। चन्द्रः, हन्ति, अपि, न।
(ख) पुरुषः, कुरुते। तथा, सिध्द्यन्ते, संशयः।

MP Board Class 7th Sanskrit Solutions