MP Board Class 11th Chemistry Notes Chapter 11 The p-Block Elements

These MP Board Class 11th Chemistry Notes for Chapter 11 The p-Block Elements help students to get a brief overview of all the concepts.

MP Board Class 11th Chemistry Notes Chapter 11 The p-Block Elements

→ General electronic configuration of group-13 (Boron family) is ns²np¹.

→ Boron is a non-metal whereas other members of this group are metals.

→ Aluminium exists in maximum amount in earth’s crust.

→ Boron represents abnormal behaviour than other members of the group.

→ Boiling and melting point of Boron is higher than the other members of the group.

→ Oxides and hydroxides of Boron represent acidic behaviour whereas A1 represents amphoteric nature and other oxides are basic.

→ Boron forms covalent compounds whereas other members of the group show ionic behaviour.

→ Except Boron, other members of the group exhibit +1 and +3 oxidation state.

→ Due to inert pair effect, on moving down the group, stability of +3 oxidation state decreases but stability of+1 oxidation state increases.

→ Boron forms more than one type of hydrides. Mainly there are two series of hydrides whose general formula is B_nH_n+4 and B„H_n+6.

→ Halides of Boron act as strong Lewis acids.

→ Aluminium chloride acts as a dimer.

→ Boron is the hardest element after diamond.

→ Borazine is known as inorganic benzene.

→ In diborane, a two electron-three centred bond is present which is known as banana bond.

→ Aluminium sulphate forms a double salt with a monovalent metal sulphate which are known
as Alum. .

→ Group-14 of p-block is known as carbon family because the first element is carbon and its general electronic configuration is ns²np².

→ Of the five elements of this group C and Si are non-metals, Ge is metalloid and Sn and Pb are metals.

→ Diamond: It is a purest crystalline allotrope, very hard, high melting point and bad conductor of electricity and in it carbon is in sp³ hybridized state.

→ Graphite : Good conductor of electricity, soft, crystalline allotrope of carbon with lubricant property. In this sp² hybridized carbon forms a hexagonal ring.

→ Crystalline forms of carbon : (1) Charcoal, (2) Coke, (3) Gas carbon.

→ ¹⁴₆C of carbon is a radio-active.isotopes.

→ All members of carbon family exhibit +2 and +4 oxidation state. On moving down the group

→ Cause of stability of +2 oxidation state inert pair effect.

→ Silicon exhibits diagonal relationship with Boron.

→ Carbon forms three types of series : (1) Alkane, (2) Alkene, (3) Alkyne.

→ Carbon establishes covalent bond with metals to form organo-metallic compounds.

→ Three crystalline forms of carbon are : (1) Diamond, (2) Graphite, (3) Fullerene.

→ Fullerene is the third crystalline form of carbon whose formula is C₆₀, C₈₄, C₇₀ or C₆₀ is known as Buckminster Fullerene or Bucky ball.

→ Silica (SiO₂) is hard, which forms three-dimensional crystalline network. It exists in the form of quartz or sand.

→ Basic unit of Silicate is SiO₄^4- ion which has tetrahedral structure.

→ Orthosilicate (SiO₄^4-), Pyrosilicate (S₄O_4- ), Cyclic silicate (SiO₃)_n²ⁿ , Chain silicate (SiO₃)_n²ⁿ and Sheet silicate (Si₂O₅)_n²ⁿ are basic units.