These MP Board Class 11th Biology Notes for Chapter 20 Locomotion and Movement help students to get a brief overview of all the concepts.
MP Board Class 11th Biology Notes Chapter 20 Locomotion and Movement
→ Muscle fatigue is caused due to the accumulation of lactic acid.
→ Number of cervical vertebrae in mammals is always seven, even in case of camel and giraffe.
→ Sliding filament theory of muscle contraction was given by H. E. Huxley and A. F. Huxley in 1954.
→ Chemical changes which occur during the contraction of muscle fibres were studied by Albert Szent Gyorgyi and his associates for the first time.
→ Total number of bones in human is 206.
→ Locomotion of starfish (Asterias) takes place with the help of water vascular system.
→ Poliomyelitis is caused by the polio virus which affects the muscles of limbs.
→ In man caudal vertebra or coccyx is a small bony piece showing rudimentary caudal vertebra.
→ Haemopoiesis (formation of blood) takes place in the bone-marrow of long bones.
→ Actin is a contractile protein forming thin filaments of muscle fibres.
→ Myoglobin is a protein of muscle with haem.
→ Tube-feets are the locomotory organs of starfish.
→ The minimum intensity of stimulus that can stimulate the muscles to contract is called threshold stimulus.
→ Joints are structures where two bones are fixed with each other.
→ A single isolated contraction of the muscle fibre is called muscle twitch.
→ Sarcomere is a unit of myofibril which extends between two successive Z-lines. A sarcomere is made of A-band in the middle and one half of an I-band on its either side.
→ Oxygen debt is the extra oxygen required during relaxation over the resting state of muscle.
→ Osteology is a branch of biology that deals with structure, nature and development of bones.
→ Hydra locomotes with the help of tentacles and muscles.
→ Annelids locomote with the help of setae and parapodia, whereas in arthropods locomotion takes place with the help of jointed appendages.
→ In echinoderms locomotion takes place with the help of tube-feet.
→ Stapes is the smallest and femur is the largest bone of the human body.
→ Myalgia : Pain in the muscles.
→ Myology : Study of muscles. It is also called sarcology.
→ Arthrology : Study of joints.