Category: Class 8

Guys who are planning to learn the fundamentals of English can avail the handy study material using MP Board Solutions for Class 8 General English Solutions Chapter 10 The Balloon Man Questions and Answers. You Can Download MP Board Class 8 English Solutions Questions and Answers, Notes, Summary, Guide, Pdf. Refer to the Madhya Pradesh State Board Solutions for English PDF available and score better grades. Simply click on the quick links available for MP Board Solutions for Class 8 General English Solutions Chapter 10 The Balloon Man Questions and Answers and prepare all the concepts in it effectively. Take your preparation to the next level by availing the Madhya Pradesh State Board Solutions for Class 8 English prepared by subject experts.

MP Board Class 8th General English Solutions Chapter 10 The Balloon Man

Do you feel the concept of English is difficult to understand? Not anymore with our MP Board Solutions for Class 8 General English Solutions Chapter 10 The Balloon Man Questions and Answers. All the Solutions are given to you with detailed explanation and you can enhance your subject knowledge. Use the Madhya Pradesh State Board Solutions for Class 8 English PDF for free of cost and prepare whenever you want.

The Balloon Man Textual Exercise

Listen and Repeat
(सुनो और दुहरा ओ):
Answer:
Do Yourself.

Word Power
(शब्द सामर्थ्य:)

(A) Pick out the rhyming words from the poem for the following words:
(कविता में से निम्न शब्दों के तुकान्त शब्दों को छांटो:)

1. folds
2. funny
3. dining
4. mug
5. failing.

Answer:

1. holds
2. sunny
3. shining
4. tug,
5. sailing.

(B) Write the encircled words against their correct meanings:
(गोले में दिए शब्दों को उनके दिये सही अर्थ के सामने लिखें:)

1. Where the things are sold.
2. A bag of thin rubber that becomes larger and rounder when filled with air.
3. A vehicle with two or four wheels pulled by a horse.
4. A thread used to tie the balloon.
5. The space above the earth that you see when you look up.

Answer:

1. market
2. balloon
3. cart
4. string
5. sky.

Comprehension
(बोष प्रश्न)।

Answer the following questions:
(निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दें:)

Question 1.
Who always comes on market days ?
(हू ऑल्वेज़ कम्स ऑन मार्किट डेज़ ?).
बाजार वाले दिनों में कौन हमेशा आता है ?
Answer:
The balloon man always comes on market days.
(द बैलून मैन ऑल्वेज़ कम्स ऑन मार्किट डेज.)
गुब्बारे वाला हमेशा बाजार वाले दिनों में आता है।

Question 2.
What does he hold ?
(व्हॉट डज़ ही होल्ड ?)
वह क्या पकड़े हुए रहता है।
Answer:
He holds a lovely bunch of balloons.
(ही होल्ड्स अ लवली बन्च ऑफ बैलून्स.)
वह गुब्बारों का एक सुन्दर गुच्छा पकड़े रहता है।)

Question 3.
What are the colors of the balloons which shine far away?
(व्हॉट आर द कलर्स ऑफ द बैलून्स विच शाइन फॉर अवे?)
जो गुब्बारे दूर चमक रहे हैं, उनके क्या रंग हैं ?
Answer:
The balloons which shine far away are red, purple, blue and green.
(द बैलून्स विच शाइन फार अवे आर रैड, परपल, ब्लू एण्ड ग्रीन।)
जो गुब्बारे दूर चमक रहे हैं वे लाल, जामुनी, नीले व हरे हैं।

Question 4.
What do the balloons do when it is a windy day?
(व्हॉट डू द बैलून्स डू व्हेन इट इज ए विण्डी डे ?)
हवा वाले दिन गुब्बारे क्या करते हैं ?
Answer:
On a windy day the balloons tug and tug like anything.
(ऑन अ विण्डी डे बैलून्स टग एण्ड टग लाइक ऐनीथिंग.)
हवा वाले दिन गुब्बारे किसी भी वस्तु की तरह यहाँ-वहाँ खिंचते हैं।

Question 5.
Write any four lines of this poem.
(राइट ऐनी फोर लाइन्स ऑफ दिस पोयम.)
इस कविता की कोई भी चार पंक्तियाँ लिखो।
Answer:
Four lines are:
Some day perhaps he’ll let them go
And we shall see them sailing high
And stand and watch them from below,
They would look pretty in the sky!

(फोर लाइन्स आर –
सम डे परहैप्स ही विल लेट दैम गो
ऐण्ड वी शैल सी दैम सेलिंग हाइ,
ऐण्ड स्टैण्ड ऐण्ड वॉच दैम फ्रॉम बिलो,
दे वुड लुक प्रिटी इन द स्काइ!)

चार पंक्तियाँ हैंकिसी दिन शायद वह उन्हें जाने देगा।
और हम उन्हें ऊपर उड़ता हुआ देखेंगे और हम नीचे से खड़े होकर देखेंगे।
वो आसमान में सुन्दर दिखेंगे।

Question 6.
What does the poet say in the third stanza ?
(व्हॉट डेज़ द पोयट से इन द थर्ड स्टैंजा ?)
कवि तीसरे छन्द में क्या कहता है ?
Answer:
The poet says that all small and big balloons are tied with a string and if there is wind then they will tug like anything.
(द पोयट सेज़ दैट ऑल स्मॉल एण्ड बिग बेलून्स आर टाइड विद अ स्ट्रिंग एण्ड इफ देअर इज़ विन्ड देन दे विल टग लाइक एनीथिंग।)
कवि कहता है कि कुछ गुब्बारे छोटे हैं और कुछ बड़े हैं। सब धागे से बँधे हैं और यदि हवा चलेगी तो ये किसी भी दिशा में खिंचते चले जायेंगे।

Let’s Read
(आओ पढ़ो:)

Read the given passage carefully and answer the following questions:
(दिये गये उद्धरण को पढ़ें और नीचे दिए प्रश्नों के उत्तर दें:)

Question 1.
Where did the rich man live ?
(व्हेअर डिड द रिच मैन लिव ?)
अमीर आदमी कहाँ रहता था ?
Answer:
The rich man lived in a small village.
(द रिच मैन लिव्ड इन अस्मॉल विलेज.)
अमीर आदमी एक छोटे गाँव में रहता था।

Question 2.
Why did the deaf friend go to visit the rich man?
(व्हॉय डिड द डेफ फ्रण्ड गो टु विजिट द रिच मैन ?)
बहरा दोस्त अमीर आदमी से मिलने क्यों गया था ?
Answer:
The deaf friend went to visit the rich man because the rich man was ill.
(द डेफ़ फ्रन्ड वैन्ट टू विजिट द रिच मैन बिकॉज द रिच मैन वॉज़ इल.)
बहरा दोस्त अमीर आदमी से मिलने गया क्योंकि अमीर आदमी बीमार था।

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks with the correct words given in brackets.
Answer:
(a) The rich man was ill.
(b) The deaf man wanted to make the rich man happy.

Question 4.
Say whether the following statements are True or false.

1. The deaf man’s questions made the rich man happy.
2. The deaf man said all the ‘wrong’ things because he could not hear the rich man’s answer
3. The deaf man went home, thinking that he had made his friend happy.

Answer:

1. False
2. True
3. True.

Let’s write
(आओ लिखें):

Read carefully the second stanza of the poem again. The poet has described the colours of the balloons. Have you ever been to a fair and seen a balloon seller ? Write a paragraph about the shapes and colours of the balloons and also other things he sells.
(कविता का दूसरा पद्य – खण्ड दुबारा पढ़ें। कवि ने गुब्बारों के रंगों का वर्णन किया है। क्या तुम मेले में गए हो और गुब्बारे वाले को देखा है ? गुब्बारों के रंगों और आकारों और अन्य वस्तुएँ जो वह बेचता है के बारे में एक पैराग्राफ लिखें।)
Answer:
See ‘Paragraph Writing’ in Grammar Section.

Let’s do it
(आओ इसे करें):

(1) Form groups and read the poem loudly.
Answer:
Do Yourself.

(2) Make a scrap book of pictures of things and different shapes of balloons sold in the fair you have visited. Write the names of things and colours of the balloons in your notebook.
Answer:
Students should do it themselves.

The Balloon Man Word Meanings

Bunch (बन्च) – गुच्छा; Sigh (साई) – गहरी सांस; Shining (शाइनिंग) – चमकीला; Watch (वॉच) – देखना; Tug (टग) – निश्चित दिशा में खींचना / खिंचना; Tied together (टाइड टुगेदर) – आपस में बँधे; String (स्ट्रिंग) – धागा; Pretty (प्रिटी) – सुन्दर; Perhaps (परहैप्स) – संयोग से:

The Balloon Man Summary, Pronunciation & Translation

1. He always comes on market days,
And holds balloons-a lovely bunch,
And in the market square he stays,
And never seems to think of lunch.

ही ऑल्वेज कम्स ऑन मार्केट डेज़,
एण्ड होल्ड्स बैलून्स-अ लवली बंच,
एण्ड इन द मार्केट स्क्वायर ही स्टेज,
एण्ड नैवर सीम्स टु थिंक ऑफ लंच.

अनुवाद:
वह हमेशा बाजार लगने वाले दिनों में आता है। और गुब्बारों का सुन्दर गुच्छा पकड़े रहता है। बाजार के चौराहे पर वह खड़ा रहता है और दोपहर के भोजन के लिये भी सोचता प्रतीत नहीं होता है।

2. They are red and purple,
blue and green,
And when it is a sunny day,
Tho’ carts and people get between,
You see them shining far away.

दे आर रैड एण्ड पर्पल, ब्लू एण्ड ग्रीन,
एण्ड व्हेन इट इज अ सनी डे,
दो’ कार्ट्स एण्ड पीपुल गेट बिटवीन,
यू सी दैम शाइनिंग फार अवे,

अनुवाद:
वे (गुब्बारे) लाल, और बैंगनी, नीले और हरे हैं। और ऐसे दिन जब धूप खिली हो और जबकि गाड़ियाँ और लोग बीच में हों तब भी तुम उन्हें दूर चमकता हुआ देख सकते हो।

3. And some are big and some are small
All tied together with a string,
And if there is a wind at all,
They tug and tug like anything.

एण्ड सम आर बिग एण्ड सम आर स्मॉल,
ऑल टाईड टुगेदर विद अ स्ट्रिंग,
एण्ड इफ देअर इज अ विंड-ऐट ऑल,
दे टग एण्ड टग लाइक ऐनीथिंग.

अनुवाद:
कुछ गुब्बारे बड़े और कुछ छोटे हैं। सब एक धागे से बँधे हैं। यदि हवा चलती है तो वे किसी भी दिशा में खिंच जाते हैं।

4. Some day perhaps he’ll let them go,
And we shall see them sąiling high,
And stand and watch them from below,
They would look pretty in the sky !

सम डे परहैप्स ही विल लैट दैम गो,
एण्ड वी शैल सी दैम सेलिंग हाइ,
एण्ड स्टैण्ड एण्ड वॉच दैम फ्रॉम बिलो,
दे वुड लुक प्रिटी इन द स्काइ.

अनुवाद:
किसी दिन शायद वह उन्हें उड़ जाने देगा, और हम उन्हें ऊपर तैरते हुए देखेंगे, और हम खड़े होकर नीचे से उन्हें देखेंगे, वे आकाश में सुन्दर दिखाई देंगे।

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Guys who are planning to learn the fundamentals of English can avail the handy study material using MP Board Solutions for Class 8 General English Solutions Chapter 8 The Moon Questions and Answers. You Can Download MP Board Class 8 English Solutions Questions and Answers, Notes, Summary, Guide, Pdf. Refer to the Madhya Pradesh State Board Solutions for English PDF available and score better grades. Simply click on the quick links available for MP Board Solutions for Class 8 General English Solutions Chapter 8 The Moon Questions and Answers and prepare all the concepts in it effectively. Take your preparation to the next level by availing the Madhya Pradesh State Board Solutions for Class 8 English prepared by subject experts.

MP Board Class 8th General English Solutions Chapter 8 The Moon

Do you feel the concept of English is difficult to understand? Not anymore with our MP Board Solutions for Class 8 General English Solutions Chapter 8 The Moon Questions and Answers. All the Solutions are given to you with detailed explanation and you can enhance your subject knowledge. Use the Madhya Pradesh State Board Solutions for Class 8 English PDF for free of cost and prepare whenever you want.

The Moon Textual Exercise

Read and Learn
(पढ़ो और याद करें):
Answer:
Do Yourself.

Word Power
(शब्द सामर्थ्य):

A. Pick the odd word out.
(बेमेल शब्द को अलग करो:)

1. moon, earth, rocket, sun
2. nap, sleep, awake, siesta
3. glow, dark, shine, illumine
4. evening, week, afternoon, morning
5. leaves, flowers, fields, trees.

Answer:

1. rocket
2. awake
3. dark
4. week
5. fields.

B. Find at least names of six animals / birds from the letters given in the circle and write them in the space provided.
(कम से कम छह जानवरों/पक्षियों के नाम गोले में दिये अक्षरों से बनाओ और उन्हें दिए गए स्थान पर लिखो।)
Answer:

1. Frog
2. lamb
3. hen
4. cat
5. rat
6. bear
7. eagle
8. parrot
9. elephant.

C. Write the sounds of the animals given in the picture with the help of the clues given in the box.
(बॉक्स में दिये गये संकेतों की सहायता से चित्र में दिये जानवरों की आवाज लिखिए।)

1. mewing cats
2. barking dogs
3. howling wolfs
4. buzzing bees
5. trumpeting elephants
6. Roaring tigers
7. Crowing cocks
8. neighing horses
9. braying assės.

Comprehension
(बोध प्रश्न):

(A) Answer the questions given below:
नीचे दिये प्रश्नों के उत्तर दें।

Question 1.
What is the shape of the moon according to the poem ?
(व्हॉट इज़ द शेप ऑफ द मून एकॉर्डिंग टु द पोयम ?)
कविता के अनुसार चन्द्रमा का क्या आकार है ?
Answer:
The shape of the moon according to the poem is round like a clock.
(द शेप ऑफ द मून एकॉर्डिंग टू द पोयम इज़ राउन्ड लाइक अ क्लॉक।)
कविता के अनुसार चन्द्रमा का आकार दीवार घड़ी की तरह गोल है।

Question 2.
Where do the birdies sleep?
(व्हेयर डू द बर्डीज़ स्लीप ?)
पक्षी कहाँ सोते हैं ?
Answer:
Birdies sleep in the forks of the trees:
(बर्डीज़ स्लीप इन द फोर्स ऑफ द ट्रीज़।)
पक्षी पेड़ों की नई टहनियों में सोते हैं।

Question 3.
What is the dog doing ?
(व्हॉट इज द डॉग डूइंग ?)
कुत्ता क्या कर रहा है ?
Answer:
The dog is howling by the door of the house.
(द डॉग इज़ हाउलिंग बाय द डोर ऑफ द हाउस।)
कुत्ता घर के दरवाजे के पार गुर्रा रहा है।

Question 4.
Where is the bat ?
(व्हेअर इज़ द बैट ?)
चमगादड़ कहाँ है ?
Answer:
The bat is in the bed at noon.
(द बैट इज़ इन द बेड एट नून।)
चमगादड़ दोपहर में बिस्तर में है।

Question 5.
What do the flowers and children do till morning ?
(व्हॉट डू द फ्लाउअर्स एण्ड चिल्ड्रेन डू टिल मॉर्निंग ?)
फूल और बच्चे सुबह तक क्या करते हैं ?
Answer:
Flowers and children sleep till morning.
(फ्लाउअर्स एण्ड चिल्ड्रेन स्लीप टिल मॉर्निंग।)
बच्चे व फूल सुबह तक सोते हैं।

(6) In the last stanza the poet says, ‘Cuddle to sleep to be out of her way’ ‘Cuddle’ means:
(i) lie down
(ii) rest
(iii) hug
(iv) close.
Answer:
(iv) close.

(B) Fill in the blanks with the words given below:
(नीचे दिये शब्दों से रिक्त स्थान भरें।)
Answer:

• trumpeting elephant
• howling dog
• squalling cat
• squeaking mouse.

Let’s Read
(आओ पढ़ें):

Read the given poem carefully and answer the questions:
(नीचे दी गई कविता को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़कर प्रश्नों के उत्तर दें:)

Question 1.
Write down the missing words in the lines given below:
Answer:
What shall you buy ?
A kite that will fly
up to the moon.
All through the sky

Question 2.
Is there a man on the moon ?
Answer:
Yes, there is a man on the moon

Question 3.
What do you mean by the word, “paw” in the poem ?
Answer:
The word “paw” means hands of the man.

Question 4.
The poet says, “when it gets,” what does ‘gets’ here mean?
Answer:
The word “gets’ here mean ‘reaches’.

Let’s Write
(आओ लिखो):

Write dialogues between the earth and the moon with the help of the clues given:
(दिये गये संकेतों की सहायता से पृथ्वी और चन्द्रमा के बीच संवाद को लिखिए:)
Answer:
Moon : I have a charming personality and ever body loves me.
Earth : I am unhappy because of the population problem and pollution.
Moon : The children are fond of me and call me “Mama”.
Earth : I am getting hotter.

Let’s do it
(आओ इसे करें):

(A) Draw all the faces of the moon on a thermocol / card sheet and paint it. Hang it on the classroom wall.
थर्माकोल / कार्ड शीट पर चन्द्रमा के सभी आकारों के चित्र बनाइए और रंग भरें। इसे अपने कक्षा के कमरे में टाँगें
Answer:
Do Yourself.

(B) Write a poem / a few lines about the moon.
Answer:
The moon is a natural satellite of earth. It shines at night. Everybody loves the moon. It seems to have a round shape. Many people have travel-led to the moon. Children love it and call it “Chanda Mama”. It looks very pretty on full moon night. It does not have light of its own.

The Moon Word Meanings

Cuddle (कड्ल) – सटकर सोना; Harbor (हार्बर) – बन्दरगाह; Howling (हाउलिंग) – गुर्राना; Quay (की) – घाट; Squalling (स्क्वॉलिंग) – चीखना; Squeaking (स्क्वीकिंग) – चूं – धूं करना; Forks (फॉस) – पत्ती फूटना।

The Moon Summary, Pronunciation & Translation

1. The moon has a face like the clock in the hall, She shines on thieves on the garden wall, On streets and fields and Barbour quays, And birdies asleep in the forks of the trees.

द मून हैज अ फेस लाइक द क्लॉक इन द हॉल, शी शाइन्स ऑन थीज़ ऑन द गार्डन वॉल, ऑन स्ट्रीट्स एण्ड फील्ड्स एण्ड हारबर क्वेज़, एण्ड बर्डीज़ ऐस्लीप इन द फॉर्क्स ऑफ द ट्रीज़.

अनुवाद:
चन्द्रमा का आकार हॉल में लगी दीवार घड़ी जैसा गोल है। यह बाग की दीवार पर चढ़े चोरों, गलियों, खेतों और बन्दरगाह के घाटों तथा पेड़ों की टहनियों के बीच सोई चिड़ियों सभी पर रोशनी बिखेरता है।

2. The squalling cat and the squeaking mouse, The howling dog by the door of the house, The bat that lies in bed at noon, All love to be out by the light of the moon.

द स्क्वॉलिंग कैट एण्ड द स्क्वीकिग माउस, द हाउलिंग डॉग बाइ द डोर ऑफ द हाऊस. द बैट दैट लाईज इन बैड ऐट नून, ऑल लव टू बी आउट बाइ द लाइट ऑफ द मून.

अनुवाद:
चीखती बिल्ली और चिचिंयाता चूहा, घर के दरवाजे पर गुर्राता हुआ कुत्ता, चमगादड़ जो दोपहर को सोता है, सभी चन्द्रमा की चाँदनी में बाहर निकलना पसन्द करते हैं।

3. But all of the things that belong to the day, Cuddle to sleep to be out of her way, i And flowers and children close their eyes, Till up in the morning the sun shall arise.

बट ऑल ऑफ द थिंग्स दैट बिलांग टु द डे, कडल टु स्लीप टु बी आउट ऑफ हर वे, एण्ड फ्लावर्स एण्ड चिल्डरेन क्लोज़ देअर आईज़, टिल अप इन द मागि द सन शैल अराईज़.

अनुवाद:
सारी चीजें (जीव) जो दिन से सम्बन्धित हैं रात में चन्द्रमा के निकलने पर आपस में सटकर सो जाते हैं और फूल और बच्चे सुबह होने और सूर्योदय तक अपनी आँखें बन्द कर सो जाते हैं।

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MP Board Class 8th General English Solutions Chapter 7 Water Water Everywhere

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Water Water Everywhere Textual Exercise

Read and Learn
(पढ़ो और याद करो):
Answer:
Do Yourself.

Word Power
(शब्द सामर्थ्य):

Write the homophones for these words:
(इन शब्दों के समान ध्वनि वाले शब्द लिखें:)

1. steel
2. due
3. knew
4. way
5. aloud
6. pain
7. our.

Answer:

1. steal
2. dew
3. new
4. weigh
5. allowed
6. pane
7. hour.

Comprehension
(बोध प्रश्न):

A. Answer the following questions:
(निम्न प्रश्नों के उत्तर दें:)

Question 1.
What is a disaster ?
(व्हॉट इज अ डिज़ास्टर ?)
विपत्ति क्या होती है ?
Answer:
Disaster is an unexpected event which kills or injures a lot of people and causes lot of damage to property.
(डिजास्टर इज़ ऍन अनऐक्सपैक्टिड ईवेन्ट विच किल्स और इन्जर्स अ लॉट ऑफ पीपल एण्ड कॉजिज़ लॉट ऑफ डैमेज टू प्रॉपर्टी।)
विपत्ति एक आकस्मिक घटना होती है जिससे जान और माल की काफी हानि होती है।

Question 2.
What are epidemics ?
(व्हॉट आर एपिडेमिक्स ?)
महामारी क्या होती है ?
Answer:
Epidemics are infectious diseases which spread out over a large population by means of water, food and air.
(एपिडेमिक्स आर इनफेक्शिअस डिजीजिज़ विच स्प्रेड आउट ओवर अ लार्ज पॉप्युलेशन बाय मीन्स ऑफ वॉटर, फूड एण्ड एअर।)
महामारियाँ वो संक्रामक बीमारियाँ होती हैं जो पानी, भोजन और हवा द्वारा भारी जनसंख्या में फैलती हैं।

Question 3.
What are the ill effects of floods ?
(व्हॉट आर द इल इफेक्ट्स ऑफ फ्लड्स ?)
बाढ़ के कुपरिणाम क्या हैं ?
Answer:
The ill effects of floods are destruction of life and property.
(द इल इफेक्ट्स ऑफ फ्लड्स आर डिस्ट्रक्शन ऑफ लाइफ एण्ड प्रापर्टी।)
बाढ़ के कुपरिणाम हैं जान और माल की हानि।

Question 4.
How are human beings responsible for causing floods ?
(हाउ आर ह्यूमन बीन्ग्स रिस्पॉन्सिबल फॉर कॉजिंग फ्लड्स ?)
मानव बाढ़ के लिए कैसे जिम्मेदार है ?
Answer:
Human beings are responsible for causing floods by deforestation, faulty dam construction and breaches in embankments.
(ह्यूमन बीन्गस आर रिसपॉन्सिबल फॉर काज़िंग फ्लड्स बाय डीफॉरेस्टेशन, फॉल्टी डैम कन्सट्रक्शन एण्ड ब्रीचिस इन एम्बैंकमेन्ट्स।)
मानव वन कटाई, गलत बाँध बनाकर व बाँधों में दरारें डालकर बाढ़ आने का कारण बनाते हैं।

Question 5.
How is our life affected by floods ?
(हाउ इज़ आर लाइफ अफैक्टिड बाय फ्लड्स ?)
हमारा जीवन बाढ़ से कैसे प्रभावित होता है ?
Answer:
There is destruction of life and property. Epidemics and soil erosion occur due to floods.
(देअर इज़ डिस्ट्रक्शन ऑफ लाइफ एण्ड प्रॉपर्टी। ऐपिडेमिक्स एण्ड सॉइल इरोजन अकर ड्यू टु फ्लड्स।)
बाढ़ आने से जान और माल की हानि होती है। महामारी फैलती है और क्षरण द्वारा धरती का नाश होता है।

(B) Write a short note about the measures to ensure safety of life during a disaster like flood ?
(राइट अ शॉर्ट नोट अबाउट द मेज़र्स टु एनश्योर सेफ्टी ऑफ लाइफ ड्यूरिंग अ डिज़ास्टर लाइक फ्लड।)
बाढ़ जैसी विपत्ति में हमें बचाव के क्या उपाय करने चाहिए। टिप्पणी लिखें।।
Answer:
First of all we should not panick. If our house is in danger, we should move to a safer and higher place made of concrete. Cattle should be freed and taken to a safer place. We should take some eatables and essential items while leaving our house.
(फर्स्ट ऑफ ऑल वी शुड नॉट पैनिक। इफ अवर हाउस इज़ इन डेन्जर, वी शुड मूव टु अ सेफर एण्ड हायर प्लेस मेड ऑफ कनक्रीट। कैटल शुड बी फ्रीड एण्ड टेकन टु अ सेफर प्लेस। वी शुड टेक सम ईटेबल्स एण्ड असेन्शियल आइटम्स व्हाइल लीविंग अवर हाउस।)
सबसे पहले हमें भय से त्रस्त नहीं होना चाहिए। यदि हमारा घर खतरे में है तो उसे छोड़कर जरूरी सामान व खाने का कुछ सामान लेकर किसी सुरक्षित, ऊँची व पक्की जगह पर चले जाना चाहिए। जानवरों को भी छोड़ देना चाहिए और सुरक्षित जगह पर ले जाना चाहिए।

(C) What are the different ways to purify drinking water ?
(व्हाट आर द डिफरेन्ट वेज़ टु प्यूरिफाई ड्रिंकिंग वॉटर ?)
पानी को साफ करने के विभिन्न तरीके कौन से हैं ?
Answer:
We can use chlorine tablets for purifying the drinking water and we can boil the water also.
(वी कैन यूज क्लोरीन टेबलेट्स फॉर प्यूरिफाइंग द ड्रिंकिंग वाटर एण्ड वी कैन बॉइल द वॉटर ऑलसो।)
हम पानी में क्लोरीन की गोलियाँ भी डाल सकते हैं तथा उसे उबाल भी सकते हैं।

Let’s Learn 
(आओ यादj करें):

A. Rewrite these sentences using “and”, “but” and “or” as linkers : इन वाक्यों को ‘and’ ‘But’ और ‘or’ से जोड़कर पुनः लिखें।

1. Give me a pen or a pencil.
2. He works very hard but gets a low salary.
3. Hurry up or you will be late.
4. We knocked at the door but no one answered.
5. Man discovered fire and learnt to cook.
6. He is slow but he is sure.
7. Sanjana worked hard and won a scholarship.
8. Priya can come early but Reshma can’t.
9. Abu should go home early or his mother will be worried.
10. Sunil must learn to use a computer or he will not get a good job.

B. (a) Rewrite the sentences using the correct prefix with the word in brackets:
(कोष्ठक में दिये शब्द के साथ सही पूर्व प्रत्यय लगाकर वाक्य पुनः लिखें:)
Answer:

1. Many drivers disobey the speed restriction on roads.
2. I had to reread the directions because I couldn’t understand them in my first reading.
3. The garden hasn’t been mown so weeds have regrown.
4. I replaced the ball she had lost.
5. These slippers are made of recycled plastic.

(b) Add “fore” to make new words from the following and use them in the sentences given below:
(नीचे दिये गये शब्दों में ‘fore’ जोड़कर नये शब्द बनाएँ और नीचे दिये वाक्यों में उन्हें प्रयोग करें:)
Answer:

1. According to the last evening’s weather
2. Astrologers claim that they can foretell your future.
3. He has applied for half a day’s leave in the forenoon today.
4. A true leader is always in the forefront.
5. We don’t often realize that we owe a lot to our forefathers.

(C) Rearrange the following words to make meaningful sentences.
(शब्दों को पुनर्व्यवस्थित कर अर्थपूर्ण वाक्य बनाएँ)

1. It is important to spray pesticides.
2. Use chlorine tablets to purify water.
3. Prevention is better than cure.
4. It is raining cats and dogs.
5. Dams are useful for us.
6. We should plant more trees.

Let’s Talk
(आओ बात करें):

Given a railway ticket for you. Show it to your partner and talk about the ticket. Then ask these questions.
(आपके लिए एक रेल टिकिट दी गई है। इसे अपने मित्र को दिखाओ और टिकट के बारे में बात करो। तब ये प्रश्न पूछे।)

Question 1.
How many people travelled on this ticket?
Answer:
One adult travelled on this ticket.

Question 2.
What is the fare?
Answer:
The fare is Rs. 1278.

Question 3.
What is the number of the ticket?
Answer:
The number of the ticket is 05323173.

Question 4.
Where does/do he/they board the train ?
Answer:
He boards the train at Bhopal JN.

Question 5.
Which place was / were he / they going to ?
Answer:
He was going to Lucknow.

Question 6.
What is the distance between the two stations ?
Answer:
The distance between two stations is 583 km.

Let’s Read
(आओ पढ़ें):

Read the given passage carefully and answer the following questions:
(दिये गये गद्यांश को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़ें और निम्नलिखित प्रसनों के उत्तर दें:)

Question 1.
Write the names of the diseases mentioned in the passage.
Answer:
The diseases mentioned in the passage are Dengu, Malaria and Chikungunya.

Question 2.
Is there any vaccine for the treatment of these diseases ?
Answer:
There is no vaccine available for these diseases.

Question 3.
What should we do if we have fever ?
Answer:
We should go to the doctor for laboratory investigations.

Question 4.
Write down some preventive measures to avoid these diseases.
Answer:
Some preventive measures are:

• Preventing mosquitoes from entering the house by using nets.
• Protecting ourselves from mosquito bites by using protective clothing.
• Avoiding water stagnating as mosquitoes lay eggs in stale stagnant water.
• Killing mosquitoes by using space sprays, thermal fogs.
• Drain stagnant water from potted plants, air coolers etc.

(5) Arrange the jumbled letters given below to make words:

1. sediases.
2. alamiar
3. aidrn
4. vefer.

Answer:

1. diseases
2. drain
3. malaria
4. fever.

Let’s Write
(आओ लिखो):

Go round the class and complete the table given below by asking the given questions:
(कक्षा में चारों ओर घूमो और दिये प्रश्नों को पूछते हुए निम्न सारणी को पूरा करो।)
Do yourself.

Let’s do it
(आओ इसे करें):

Make a “First Aid Kit” for your class / school with the help of your teachers and friends:
(अपने शिक्षकों एवं मित्रों की सहायता से अपनी कक्षा / विद्यालय के लिए एक ‘प्राथमिक उपचार किट’ तैयार करें।)
Answer:
Students can make a “First Aid Kit”, by arranging the articles given in the list in a box.

Water Water Everywhere Word Meanings

Cloudburst (क्लाउडबर्ट) – बादल फटना; Cure (क्योर) – रोगमुक्त होना; Circumstances (सरकमस्टैन्सिस) – घटना, परिस्थिति; Drown (ड्राउन) – डूबना; Deforestation (डीफॉरैस्टेशन) – वन कटाई; Embankment (ऐमबैन्कमेन्ट)) – तटबंध, बाँध; Epidemic (ऐपिडेमिक) – महामारी; Eatables (ईटेबल्स) – खाने का सामान; Horrible (हॉरिबल) – डरावना, भयानक; Idiom (इडिअम) – मुहावरा; Infection (इनफेक्शन) – संक्रमण; Neighbour (नेबर) – पड़ोसी; Purify (प्यूरिफाइ) – शोधन; Prevention (प्रिवेन्शन) – निवारण, रोक; Surroundings (सराउन्डिंग्स) – आसपास का; Pouring (पोरिन्ग) – मूसलाधार बरसना; Unexpected (अनऐक्सपैक्टिड) – अप्रत्याशित; Breaches (ब्रीचिस) – दरार; Panicky (पैनिकी) – भय से त्रस्त; Veterinary (वेटरनिरी) – पशुचिकित्सा।

Water Water Everywhere Summary, Pronunciation & Translation

1. On a very heavy rainy day, the headmaster of a village school discusses the causes and effects of floods with his students. He begins to talk to the students.

ऑन अ वैरी हैवी रेनी डे, द हैडमास्टर ऑफ़ अ विलेज स्कूल डिस्कसेज द कॉजेज एण्ड इफैक्ट्स ऑफ फ्लड्स विद हिज़ स्टूडेन्ट्स. ही बिगिन्स टु टाक टु द स्टूडेन्ट्स.)

अनुवाद:
एक बेहद तेज बारिश वाले दिन, एक गाँव के स्कूल के प्रधानाध्यापक अपने विद्यार्थियों से बाढ़ के कारण और प्रभाव के बारे में विचार-विमर्श करते हैं। वह विद्यार्थियों से बात करना आरम्भ करते हैं।

2. HM : It’s raining cats and dogs.
Vinay: Sir, do you mean cats and dogs are falling from the sky?
HM : No, no ! I mean it’s raining heavily. The idiom, ‘Cats and Dogs’ is used to indicate heavy rainfall.
Arjun : Oh! It’s interesting.
HM : Do you know what a disaster’ means ?
Asha : No, Sir, I don’t. What does it mean? .
HM : Disaster is an unexpected event, such as an accident, a flood or fire. It kills or injures a lot of people or causes a lot of damage to property.

हैडमास्टर – इट इज़ रेनिंग कैट्स एण्ड डॉग्स.
विनय – सर, डू यू मीन कैट्स एण्ड डॉग्स आर फालिंग, फ्रॉम द स्काइ ?
हैडमास्टर – नो, नो ! आइ मीन इट इज़ रेनिंग, हैविली, द इडियम, कैट्स एण्ड डॉग्स” इज़ यूज्ड टु इंडिकेट हैवी रेनफॉल.
अर्जुन – ओह ! इट इज़ इन्टेरेस्टिंग.
हैडमास्टर – डू यू नो व्हॉट अं’डिजास्टर’ मीन्स?
आशा – नो, सर, आइ डॉन्ट. व्हॉट इज़ इट मीन ?
“हैडमास्टर – डिज़ास्टर इज़ एन अनएक्सपेक्टिड ईवेन्ट, सच ऐज़ ऐन ऐक्सीडेंट, अ फ्लड ऑर फायर. इट किल्स और इन्जर्स अलॉट ऑफ पीपुल ऑर कॉजेज़ अलॉट ऑफ डेमेज टु प्रोपटी.

अनुवाद:
प्रधानाध्यापक -बिल्ली, कुत्ते, बरस रहे हैं। (बहुत तेज बरसात हो रही है।) – विनय – श्रीमान, क्या आपका मतलब है कि आसमान से बिल्लियाँ और कुत्ते गिर रहे हैं ? प्रधानाध्यापक – नहीं, नहीं! मेरा मतलब है कि जोर की बरसात हो रही है। “कैट्स एण्ड डॉग्स” मुहावरे का प्रयोग जोर की बरसात होने को इंगित करने के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है।
अर्जुन – ओह ! यह रोचक है।
प्रधानाध्यापक – क्या आप जानते हैं कि ‘आपदा’ का क्या मतलब है.? आशा-नहीं, श्रीमान्, मुझे नहीं पता! इसका क्या अर्थ है ?
प्रधानाध्यापक – ‘आपदा’ एक आकस्मिक घटना को कहते । हैं जैसे कि कोई दुर्घटना, बाढ़ या आग। इसमें बहुत सारे लोगों की जाने जाती हैं या घायल होते हैं या सम्पत्ति का बहुत नुकसान होता है।

3. Sandeep : Sir, what causes floods ?
HM : Floods are caused by heavy rains, bursting of dams, or cloudburst.
Abu : Does it mean they are caused by natural forces only ?
HM : No, Though floods are mostly caused by natural forces, we also play a role in causing them.
Mahendra : How, Sir ?
HM : By deforestation, faulty dam construction and breaches in embankments.
Richa : Breaches in embankments ?
HM: Yes, nowadays pressure of transport routes like railway near river banks causes breach in the embankments. It is also a cause of flood.

सन्दीप – सर, व्हॉट कॉज़ेज़ फ्लड्स ?
हैडमास्टर – फ्लड्स आर कॉज्ड बाइ हैवी रेन्सं, बटिंग ऑफ डैम्स, ऑर क्लाउडबर्ट,
अबू – डज़ इट मीन दे आर कॉन्ड् बाइ नैचुरल फोर्सेज ऑनली?
हैडमास्टर – नो. दो फ्लड्स आर मोस्टली कॉज्ड बाइ नैचुरल फोर्सेज़, वी ऑल्सो प्ले अ रोल इन कॉजिंग दैम.
महेन्द्र-हाउ, सर?
हैडमास्टर – बाइ डिफॉरेस्टेशन, फॉल्टी डैम कन्सट्रक्शन एण्ड, ब्रीचिस इन एम्बैंकमेंट्स.
रिचा – ब्रीचिस इन एम्बैंकमेंट्स ?
हैडमास्टर – यस, नाउएडेज़ प्रेशर ऑफ ट्रान्सपोर्ट रूट्स लाइक रेलवे नियर रिवर बैंक्स कॉज़ेज़ ब्रीच इन द एम्बैंकमेंट्स. इट इज़ ऑल्सो अ कॉज़ ऑफ फ्लड.)

अनुवाद:
सन्दीप – श्रीमान् बाढ़ के क्या कारण हैं ?
प्रधानाध्यापक – बाढ़ भारी बरसात, बाँधों के टूटने या बादल के फटने के कारण से आती हैं। – अबू-क्या इसका यह अर्थ नहीं है कि वे प्राकृतिक वेगों से आती हैं।’
प्रधानाध्यापक – नहीं ! यद्यपि बाढ़ अधिकतर प्राकृतिक वेगों के कारण आती हैं, हमारी भी उनके आने में एक बड़ी भूमिका है।
महेन्द्र-कैसे, श्रीमान् ?
प्रधानाध्यापक – वनों की कटाई, गलत तरीके से बाँधों का निर्माण और तटबन्धों में दरार आने से।
रिचा – तटबन्धों में दरारों से ?
प्रधानाध्यापक – हाँ, आजकल आवागमन के मार्गों के दबाव के कारण जैसे नदी किनारे के निकट रेलवे लाइन से तटबन्धों में दरार आ जाती है। यह भी बाढ़ का एक कारण है।

4. Mehak : Sir, what are the effects of flood on us ?
HM : There are several ill effects, such as destruction of life and property. Epidemics can also occur after floods.
Kapil : Sir, what are epidemics ?
HM : Epidemics are infectious diseases which spread out over a large population by means of contaminated water, food and air.
Bhawna : Oh! That’s why we have cholera, malaria and diarrhoea after the rains every year.
HM : Yes, and soil erosion is another ill effect of floods.

महक – सर, व्हॉट आर द इफैक्ट्स ऑफ फ्लड्स ऑन। अस?
हैडमास्टर – देअर आर सेवरल इल इफैक्ट्स, सच ऐज़ डिस्ट्रक्शन ऑफ लाइफ एण्ड प्रोपर्टी. ऐपीडेमिक्स कैन ऑल्सो। अकर ऑफ्टर फ्लड्स.
कपिल – सर, व्हॉट आर ऐपिडेमिक्स ?
हैडमास्टर – ऐपिडेमिक्स आर इन्फेक्शियस डिज़ीजिज व्हिच स्प्रेड आउट ओवर अ लार्ज पॉपूलेशन बाइ मीन्स ऑफ कन्टैमिनेटिड वॉटर, फूड एण्ड एअर.
भावना – ओह दैट्स व्हाइ वी हैव कॉलरा, मलेरिया, एण्ड डायरिया ऑफ्टर द रेन्स ऐवरी ईयर.
हैडमास्टर – यस, एण्ड सॉइल इरोजन इज़ अनअदर इल इफैक्ट ऑफ फ्लड्स.

अनुवाद:
महक – श्रीमान् हमारे ऊपर बाढ़ के क्या प्रभाव पड़ते हैं ?
प्रधामाध्यापक – कई प्रकार के बुरे प्रभाव जैसे जान-माल की हानि। बाढ़ के बाद महामारियाँ भी फैल सकती हैं।
कपिल – श्रीमान् महामारियों क्या होती हैं ?
प्रधानाध्यापक – महामारी संक्रामक रोग होते हैं जो जल, भोजन एवं हवा के दूषित होने के कारण विशाल जनसंख्या में फैल जाते हैं।
भावना – ओह ! यही कारण है कि प्रत्येक वर्ष बरसात के बाद हैजा, मलेरिया और डायरिया फैलता है।
प्रधानाध्यापक – हाँ, और बाढ़ का एक अन्य बुरा प्रभाव मृदा क्षरण है।

5. Ashish : Sir, What should we do in a situation when floods confront us?
HM : Always remember to keep an eye on the water level of the river or the stream, especially when it is raining heavily.
Vijendra : Can we go near the river to see the water level ?
HM : No, never do it. It is risky for children. The watchman or the person on duty should do that.
Nisha : Sir, last year some children of the nearby village went near the stream and one of them got drowned.
HM : Yes, it was horrible. So always keep a safe distance from a flooded river or stream.

आशीष – सर, व्हॉट शुड वी ड्र इन अ सिचुएशन व्हैन फ्लड्स कन्फ्रन्ट् अस ?
हैडमास्टर – ऑल्वेज़ रिमेम्बर टु कीप ऐन आइ ऑन द वॉटर लेवल ऑफ द रिवर ऑर द स्ट्रीम, एस्पेशियली व्हेन इट इज़ रेनिंग हेविली.
विजेन्द्र – कैन वी गो नियर द रिवर टु सी द वाटर लेवल ?
हैडमास्टर – नो, नेवर डू इट. इट इज़ रिस्की फॉर चिल्ड्रेन. द वाचमैन ऑर द परसन ऑन ड्यूटी शुड डू दैट.
निशा – सर, लास्ट ईयर सम चिल्ड्रेन ऑफ द नीयरबाइ विलेज वैन्ट नियर द स्ट्रीम एण्ड वन ऑफ दैम गॉट ड्राउन्ड.
हैडमास्टर – येस, इट वॉज हॉरिबल. सो ऑल्वेज़ कीप अ सेफ डिस्टेन्स फ्रॉम अ फ्लडिड रिवर ऑर स्ट्रीम.

अनुवाद:
आशीष – श्रीमान् जब बाढ़ से सामना हो तो हमें ऐसी स्थिति में क्या करना चाहिए ?
प्रधानाध्यापक – नदी या सोते के पानी के स्तर का सदैव ध्यान रखो, खास तौर पर जबकि वर्षा हो रही हो।
विजेन्द्र – क्या हम पानी के स्तर को देखने के लिए नदी के पास जा सकते हैं ?
प्रधानाध्यापक – नहीं, कभी भी ऐसा नहीं करें। यह बच्चों के लिए खतरनाक है। इस कार्य के लिए नियुक्त व्यक्ति या चौकीदार को यह करना चाहिए।
निशा – श्रीमान् गत वर्ष पास के गाँव के कुछ बच्चे जलधारा के निकट गए और उनमें से एक डूब गया।
प्रधानाध्यापक – हाँ, वो बेहद दुखद था। इसीलिए बाढ़ आई हुई नदी या जलधारा से सदैव सुरक्षित दूरी बनाये रखें।

6. Pappu : Sir, what should we do when the watchman informs us that the situation is getting worse or alarming ?
HM : Now you have to make some necessary arrangements to cope with the situation.
Rachna : What are they ?
HM:First, don’t get panicky in any circumstances.
Ashoo : Yes, sir.
HM : And try to help your parents..
Shubham : How can we help them ?
HM : If your house is in danger, move out immediately to a safe distance.
Nagina : Should we climb a tree ?
HM : No, don’t climba tree. It can be dangerous.

पप्पू – सर, व्हॉट शुड वी डू व्हैन द वॉचमैन इन्फॉर्स अस दैट द सिचुएशन इज़ गैटिंग वर्स ऑर अलर्मिंग?
हैडमास्टर – नाउ, यू हैव टु मेक सम नेसेसरी अरेन्जमेंट्स टु ‘ कोप विद द सिचुएशन.
रचना – व्हाट आर दे?
हैडमास्टर- फर्स्ट, डोन्ट गैट पैनिकी इन ऐनी सरकमस्टैन्सिस.
आशू – येस, सर.
हैडमास्टर – एण्ड ट्राइ टु हैल्प योर पेरेन्ट्स.
शुभम – हाउ कैन वी हैल्प दैम ?
हैडमास्टर – इफ योर हाउस इज़ इन डेन्जर, मूव आउट इमीडिएटली टु अ सेफ डिस्टेन्स.
नगीना – शुड वी क्लाइम्ब अ ट्री ?
हैडमास्टर – नो, डॉन्ट क्लाइम्ब अ ट्री. इट कैन वी डेंजरस.

अनुवाद:
पप्पू-श्रीमान्, हमें क्या करना चाहिए जब चौकीदार हमें सूचना दे कि स्थिति खराब होती जा रही है।
प्रधानाध्यापक – अब तुम्हें स्थिति को संभालने के लिए कुछ आवश्यक व्यवस्थाएँ करनी होंगी।
रचना – वे क्या हैं?
प्रधानाध्यापक – सबसे प्रथम, किसी भी परिस्थिति में भयभीत न हों।
आशु – हाँ, श्रीमान्।,
प्रधानाध्यापक – और अपने माता – पिता की सहायता करने का प्रयास करें।
शुभम – हम उनकी सहायता कैसे कर सकते हैं ?
प्रधानाध्यापक – यदि तुम्हारा घर खतरे में है तो तुरन्त एक सुरक्षित दूरी पर चले जाएँ।
नगीना – क्या हमें पेड़ पर चढ़ जाना चाहिए ?
प्रधानाध्यापक – नहीं, पेड़ पर नहीं चढ़ें। यह खतरनाक हो। सकता है।

7. HM : Move towards a higher place. It is better to shift to a concrete house like a school building a temple or a gram panchyat bhawan.
Balwan : How can we save our cattle sir ?
HM : Free all of them and try to take them to a
safer place.
Abu : What else should we do ?
HM : Take some eatables, clothes, a torch or candles, match boxes an other essential items and leave your house for a safer place.

हैडमास्टर – मूव टुवर्ड्स अ हायर प्लेस. इट इज़ बैटर टु शिफ्ट टु अ कंक्रीट हाउस लाइक अ स्कूल बिल्डिंग, अ टेम्पल ऑर अ ग्राम पंचायत भवन.
बलवन – हाउ कैन वी सेव अवर कैटल सर ?
हैडमास्टर – फ्री ऑल ऑफ दैम एण्ड ट्राइ टु टेक दैम टु अ सेफर प्लेस.
अबू – व्हॉट ऐल्स शुड वी डू ?
हैडमास्टर – टेक सम ईटेबल्स, क्लोद्स, अ टॉर्च ऑर कैन्डल्स, मैच बॉक्सिस एण्ड अदर असैन्शियल आइटम्स एण्ड लीव योर हाउस फॉर अ सेफर प्लेस.

अनुवाद:
प्रधानाध्यापक-किसी ऊँचे स्थान पर चले जाएँ। एक कंक्रीट से बने मकान जैसे स्कूल की इमारत, मन्दिर या ग्राम पंचायत भवन में चले जाना बेहतर है।
बलवन – हम अपने पशुओं को कैसे बचा सकते हैं, श्रीमान् ?
प्रधानाध्यापक – उन सभी को मुक्त कर दो और उन्हें एक सुरक्षित स्थान पर ले जाएँ।
अबू – हमें और क्या करना चाहिए ?
प्रधानाध्यापक – कुछ खाने की वस्तुएँ, कपड़े, एक टॉर्च या मोमबत्तियाँ, माचिस और अन्य जरूरी सामान ले जाएँ और घर छोड़कर सुरक्षित स्थान पर चले जाएँ।

8. Mahek : Yes sir. What should we do after the flood ?
HM : Try to clean and disinfect your house and surroundings as early as possible. Always remember, ‘Prevention is better than cure.”
Nisha : How to disinfect our houses, sir ?
HM : Spray some pesticides like D.D.T, lime water, kerosene, phenol etc. in and around your house. But the most important measure is to take care of drinking water.
Sajid : Sir, what should we do to purify the drinking water ?
HM .Use chlorine tablets for purifying the drinking water or boil it.

महक – येस सर. व्हाट शुड वी डू आफ्टर द फ्लड?
हैडमास्टर – ट्राई टुक्लीन एण्ड डिसइन्फैक्ट योर हाउस एण्ड सराउडिंग्स एज़ अब ऐज़ पॉसिबल. ऑल्वेज़ रिमेम्बर, “प्रिवेन्शन इज़ बैटर दैन क्योर”.
निशा – हाउ टु डिसइन्फैक्ट अवर हाउसिस, सर?
हैडमास्टर – स्प्रे सम.पेस्टीसाइड्स लाइक डी.डी.टी, लाइम वाटर, केरोसीन, फिनॉल एटसटरा. इन एण्ड अराउण्ड योर हाउस. बट द मोस्ट इम्पोर्टेन्ट मेज़र इज़ टु टेक केअर आफ ड्रिंकिंग वाटर.
साजिद – सर, व्हॉट शुड वी डू टू प्यूरिफाइ द ड्रिंकिंग वॉटर ?
हैडमास्टर – यूज क्लोरीन टैबलेट्स, फॉर प्यूरिफाईंग द ड्रिंकिंग वाटर और बॉइल इट?

अनुवाद:
महक – जी श्रीमान। बाढ़ आने के बाद हमें क्या करना चाहिए?
प्रधानाध्यापक – जितनी जल्दी हो सके अपने घर और आसपास के क्षेत्र को साफ और असंक्रमित करने का प्रयास करें। सदैव याद रखें कि “इलाज से रोकथाम बेहतर है।”
निशा – हम अपने घर को विसंक्रमित किस प्रकार कर – सकते हैं, श्रीमान्?
प्रधानाध्यापक – कुछ कीटनाशक जैसे डी.डी.टी., चूने का पानी, मिट्टी का तेल, फिनॉल आदि का छिड़काव अपने घर
और उसके आस – पास करें। लेकिन सबसे महत्वपूर्ण उपाय पीने के पानी की देखभाल करना है।
साजिद – श्रीमान् हमें पीने के पानी को शुद्ध करने के लिए क्या करना चाहिए ?
प्रधानाध्यापक – पानी को शुद्ध करने के लिए क्लोरीन की टिकिया प्रयोग करें या इसे उबाल लें।

9. Abu : What else should we do, sir ?
HM : Take the members of your family to a – hospital and the cattle to a veterinary hospital to get proper medical treatment and vaccination against diseases.
All Students : Thank you sir, today you have given us very valuable information.

अबूं – व्हॉट ऐल्स शुड वी डू, सर ?
हैडमास्टर – टेक द मेम्बर्स ऑफ योर फैमिली टु अ हॉस्पीटल एण्ड द कैटल टु अ वेटरिनरी हॉस्पीटल टु गैट प्रॉपर मेडिकल ट्रीटमेंट एण्ड वैक्सीनेशन अगेंस्ट डिजीजिज.
ऑल स्टूडेंट्स – बैंक यू सर, टुडे हैव गिवन अस वैरी वेल्युएबल इन्फॉर्मेशन.

अनुवाद:
अबू – हमें और क्या-क्या करना चाहिए श्रीमान ?
प्रधानाध्यापक – अपने परिवार के सदस्यों को अस्पताल और पशुओं को पशु-चिकित्सालय उचित इलाज और बीमारियों के टीके लगवाने के लिए ले जाएँ।
सभी विद्यार्थी – आपको धन्यवाद, श्रीमान्, आज आपने हमें अत्यन्त मूल्यवान जानकारी दी है।

10. HM : Ok, now go back to your houses. May God forbid, but at any time in future you hear some alarming news like a flood, do shift to a safe place like this school building with your family and neighbours as soon as possible.

हैडमास्टर – ओ.के.नाउ गो बैक टु योर हाउसिस. मे गॉड फोरबिड; बट ऐनी टाइम इन फ्यूचर यू हीअर सम अलार्मिंग न्यूज़ लाइक अ फ्लड, डू शिफ्ट टु अ सेफ प्लेस लाइक दिस स्कूल बिल्डिंग विद योर फेमिली एण्ड नेबर्स ऐज़ सून एज पॉसिबल.

अनुवाद:
प्रधानाध्यापक-अच्छा, अब अपने अपने घर जाओ। ईश्वर न करे, फिर भी, यदि भविष्य में किसी भी समय तुम्हें बाढ़ जैसे किसी संकट की सूचना मिले तो जितनी जल्दी संभव हो, अपने परिवार और पड़ोसियों सहित इस विद्यालय की इमारत जैसे किसी सुरक्षित स्थान पर अवश्य चले जाना।

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MP Board Class 8th General English Solutions Chapter 9 Kalpana: The Star

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Kalpana: The Star Textual Exercise

Read and Lean
(पढ़ो और याद करो):
Answer:
Do Yourself.

Word Power
(शब्द सामर्थ्य):

(A) The words given in the table are miss pelt. Correct their spellings and also write their meanings with the help of dictionary.
(सारणी में दिए शब्द की वर्तनी गलत है। उनकी वर्तनी सही करें और शब्दकोष की सहायता से उनके अर्थ भी लिखें।)
Answer:

B. Match the columns:
(कॉलमों का मिलान करें:)

Answer:
(i) (c) Astronaut
(ii) (d) Scientist
(iii) (b) Law of gravitation
(iv) (a) Telephone.

Comprehension
(बोध प्रश्न):

A. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences:
(एक या दो वाक्यों में निम्न प्रश्नों के उत्तर दें:)

Question 1.
When and where was Kalpana Chawla born ?
(व्हेन एण्ड व्हेअर वॉज़ कल्पना चावला बॉर्न ?)
कल्पना चावला का जन्म कब और कहाँ हुआ ?
Answer:
Kalpana Chawla was born on 1 July, 1961 in Karnal, Haryana.
(कल्पना चावला वॉज़ बॉर्न ऑन 1 जुलाई, 1961 इन करनाल, हरियाणा.)
कल्पना चावला का जन्म करनाल, हरियाणा में 1 जुलाई, 1961 को हुआ।

Question 2.
What were her hobbies ?
(व्हॉट वर हर हॉबीज ?)
उसके प्रिय शौक क्या थे ?
Answer:
Her hobbies were reading, flying, hiking, and bird – watching.
(हर हॉबीज़ वर रीडिंग, फ्लाइंग, हाइकिंग एण्ड बर्ड वॉचिंग.)
उसके शौक थे पढ़ना, उड़ना, लम्बी सैर करना व पक्षियों को देखना।

Question 3.
Who inspired her to fly ?
(हू इन्सपायर्ड हर टू फ्लाइ ?)
उसे उड़ने की प्रेरणा किसने दी ?
Answer:
The Indian pilot, J.R:D. Tata inspired her to fly.
(द इण्डियन पायलट जे. आर. डी. टाटा इन्स्पायर्ड हर टू फ्लाई.)
भारतीय विमान चालक जे. आर. डी. टाटा ने उसे उड़ने की प्रेरणा दी।

Question 4.
When did she first fly into space ?
(व्हेन डिड शी फर्स्ट फ्लाई इन्टू स्पेस ?)
उसने अपनी पहली अन्तरिक्ष उड़ान कब भरी ?
Answer:
She first flied into space on 19 November, 1997.
(शी फर्स्ट फ्लाइड इन्टू स्पेस ऑन 19 नवम्बर, 1997.)
उसने अपनी पहली उड़ान 19 नवम्बर, 1997 में भरी।

Question 5.
How many experiments did the crew of flight STS – 107 perform ?
(हाउ मैनी ऐक्सपेरीमेन्ट्स डिड द क्रू ऑफ फ्लाइट एस टी एस-107 परफॉर्म ?)
फ्लाइट एस. टी. एस. 107 ने कितने प्रयोग किये ?
Answer:
The crew of flight STS – 107 performed eighty experiments in space successfully.
(द क्रू ऑफ फ्लाइट एस. टी. एस. 107 परफॉर्मड एटी ऐक्सपेरीमेन्ट्स इन स्पेस सक्सेसफुली.)
फ्लाइट एस. टी. एस. 107 ने अस्सी प्रयोग अंतरिक्ष में सफलतापूर्वक किये।

(B) Answer the following questions in three to five sentence.
(निम्न प्रश्नों के उत्तर 3 से 5 वाक्यों में दें।)

Question 1.
What courses did Kalpana Chawla have to go through to become an astronaut ?
(व्हॉट कोर्सिस डिड कल्पना चावला हैव टू गो श्रू टू बिकम एन ऐस्ट्रोनॉट ?)
कल्पना चावला को अंतरिक्ष यात्री बनने के लिए कौन से कोर्स करने पड़े ?
Answer:
After passing Higher Secondary she had to do Bachelor’s Degree in Aeronautical Engineering. Then she did Master’s degree in Aerospace Engineering and lastly she did her Ph.D in the same subject.
(ऑफ्टर पासिंग हायर सैकेण्डरी शी हैड टु डू बैचलर्स डिग्री इन एयरोनॉटिकल इन्जीनियरिंग. देन शी डिड मास्टर्स डिग्री इन एयरोस्पेस इन्जीनियिरिंग एण्ड लास्टली शी डिड हर पी-एच. डी. इन द सेम सब्जेक्ट.)
हायर सेकण्डरी के बाद उसने स्नातक की डिग्री वैमानिक इंजीनियरिंग में की, फिर स्नातकोत्तर व पी-एच. डी. की डिग्री ऐरोस्पेस इन्जीनियरिंग में की।

Question 2.
Describe the first space mission of Kalpana Chawla ?
(डिसक्राइब द फर्स्ट स्पेस मिशन ऑफ कल्पना चावला ?)
कल्पना चावला के पहले अंतरिक्ष अभियान के बारे में लिखो।
Answer:
She took her first space mission in the space shuttle Columbia on 19 November, 1997. The flight was called S.T.S. 87. She worked with six member crew as a mission specialist and as a prime robotic arm operator. She enjoyed it very much.
(शी टुक हर फर्स्ट स्पेस मिशन इन द स्पेस शटल कोलम्बिया ऑन 19 नवम्बर 1997. द फ्लाइट वॉज़ कॉल्ड एसटीएस 87. शी वक्ड विद सिक्स मेम्बर क्रू ऐज़ अ मिशन स्पेशलिस्ट ऐण्ड ऐज़ अ प्राइम रोबोटिक आर्म ऑपरेटर. शी इन्जॉएड इट व्हेरी मच.)
उसने अपनी पहली अंतरिक्ष यात्रा स्पेस शटल कोलम्बिया में 19 नवम्बर, 1997 को भरी। इस उड़ान को एसटी एस,87 का नाम दिया गया। उसने छः लोगों के साथ मिशन स्पेशलिस्ट और रोबोटिक ऑपरेटर की तरह काम किया। उसको उसमें बहुत आनन्द आया।

Question 3.
Describe her last space mission.
(डिस्क्राइब हर लास्ट स्पेश मिशन.)
उसकी आखिरी अंतरिक्ष यात्रा का वर्णन करें।
Answer:
Her last space mission was called STS 107. It took off on 16 Jan., 2003. The crew successfully performed eighty experiments. Unfortunately, 16 minutes before landing, the spacecraft developed a snag and it perished on 1 February, 2003
(हर लास्ट स्पेस मिशन वॉज़ कॉल्ड एसटीएस -107. इट टुक ऑफ ऑन 16 जनवरी, 2003. द क्रू सक्सेसफुली परफॉर्मड एटी ऐक्सपेरीमेन्ट्स. अनफॉर्म्युनेटली 16 मिनट्स बिफोर लैन्डिंग द स्पेसक्राफ्ट डिवेल्पड अ स्नैग एण्ड इट मेरिश्ड ऑन 1 फरवरी, 2003.)
उसकी अन्तिम अंतरिक्ष यात्रा को एसटीएस- 107 नाम दिया गया। उसने अपनी उड़ान 16 जनवरी, 2003 को भरी। समूह ने सफलतापूर्वक 80 प्रयोग किए। दुर्भाग्यवश उतरने से 16 मिनट पूर्व अंतरिक्षयान में एक अवरोध आया और वह 1 फरवरी, 2003 को नष्ट हो गया।

(d) Mention some of the honours awarded to Kalpana Chawla after her heroic death.
(मेन्शन सम ऑफ द ऑनर्स अवॉर्डिड टू कल्पना चावला ऑफ्टर हर हिरोइक डेथ.)
कल्पना चावला को मरणोपरान्त जो सम्मान दिए गए उनका वर्णन करें।
Answer:
The honors awarded to Kalpana after her death are:

1. A heavenly body is renamed Kalpana Chawla.
2. A hill on the planet Mars is also named after her.
3. A dormitory was established in 2004 under the name ‘Kalpana Chawla Hall’at the University of Texas.
4.  A super computer was dedicated to Kalpana by NASA.

(द ऑनर्स ऐवॉर्डिड टू कल्पना ऑफ्टर डैथ आर:)

1. (अ हेवनली बॉडी इज रीनेम्ड कल्पना चावला.)
2. (अ हिल ऑन द प्लैनिट मार्स इज़ ऑल्सो नेम्ड ऑफ्टर हर.)
3. (अ डॉर्मिटरी वॉज़ ऐस्टेब्लिश्ड इन 2004 अन्डर द नेम ‘कल्पना चावला हॉल’ ऐट द यूनिवर्सिटी ऑफ टेक्सास.)
4. (अ सुपर कम्प्यूटर वॉज़ डेडीकेटिड टू कल्पना बाय नासा.)

कल्पना को मरणोपरान्त निम्नलिखित सम्मान प्रदान किये गये:

1. एक नक्षत्र का नाम ‘कल्पना चावला’ रख दिया गया है।
2. मार्स पर एक पहाड़ी का नाम उनके नाम पर रख दिया गया है।
3. 2004 में टैक्सास यूनिवर्सिटी में एक विशाल छात्रावास बनाया गया जिसका नाम ‘कल्पना चावला हॉल’ रखा गया।
4. नासा ने एक सुपर कम्प्यूटर कल्पना को समर्पित किया।

Let’s Learn
(आओ याद करें):

(A) Underline the adverbs in the following sentences:
(निम्न वाक्यों में क्रिया-विशेषणों को रेखांकित करें:)
Answer:

1. She behaved foolishly.
2. We looked for her everywhere.
3. The children laughed loudly.
4. The school will open tomorrow.
5. The soldiers fought bravely.
6. She wrote to me yesterday.
7. He lives here.
8. The old man walked slowly.
9. She ran fast.
10. The bus stops there.

(B) Tick the correct preposition to complete each sentence:
(प्रत्येक वाक्य को पूरा करने के लिए सही पूर्वसर्ग चिन्हित करें:)
Answer:

1. Do not agree to his proposal.
2. Rohan is popular among his classmates.
3. They congratulated the team on its success.
4. Hari takes interest in his studies.
5. Beware of the dog.
6. Mr. Das was late for his work by an hour.
7. Jeetu is taller than Aslam.
8. He is senior to me in service.
9. Good health is necessary for success in life.
10. I prefer milk to tea.

Let’s Talk
(आओ बात करें):

Talk to your partners. Complete the interview with the help of the clues given below:
(अपने साथी से बात करें। नीचे दिए गए संकेतों से साक्षात्कार को पूरा करें:)
Answer:
Reporter : Congratulations, Master Deepak. I am from the Daily Times. I would like to ask you a few questions on your brilliant success.
Deepak : Thank you, Sir. Please have a seat.
Reporter : How many hours did you study daily ?
Deepak : I used to study 6 to 8 hours.
Reporter : What is your aim in life ?
Deepak : I want to become a doctor.

Let’s Read
(आओ पढ़ें):

(A) Read the given passage carefully and answer the following questions:
(दिये गये उद्धरण को पढ़ें और नीचे दिए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखो:)

(1) When was the first computer built ?
Answer:
The first computer was built in the early nineteenth century.

(2) What is data ?
Answer:
The information that computer needs to do something is called data.

(3) What is a computer program me ?
Answer:
The information and the instructions together make up a computer programme.

(4) In what way is a computer, like a human brain ?
Answer:
The computer has a memory. It can store information and use it later. It is therefore like a human brain.

(5) In what way is the computer better than the human brain ?
Answer:
The computer can solve problems much faster and accurately than the human brain, thus it is better.

(6) In what way is the human brain better than the computer ?
Answer:
The computer cannot take decisions or think up new ideas. Thus it cannot compete with human brain.

(B) Match the words and phrases from column ‘A’ with their meanings in column ‘B’.
(कॉलम ‘A’ के शाब्दों समूहों को कॉलम ‘B’ में उनके अर्थ से मिलान करें:)

Answer:
(i)→(c) in a flash
(ii)→(a) accurately
(iii)→(b) complicated any mistake
(iv)→(e) expert
(v) →(d) accurate.

Let’s Write
(आओ लिखो):

You are Ashok, residing at 3 Ashok Vilas, Indore. Write a letter to your friend Vinit, telling him that you have been inspired by Kalpana Chawla and want toʻbe an astronaut like her. Take the help of the clues given.
Answer:

3. Ashok Vilas,
Indore.
Dear Vinit,

Hello,
I have just read about Kalpana Chawla, the great astronaut. She was great. She worked very hard. I am very inspired by her and want to be like her. For this I will have to chose and study Maths and Science in Intermediate. Then complete engineering from a reputed institute. After becoming an engineer, I shall also fly high like her. Bye

Your friend
Ashok

Let’s do it
(आओ इसे करें):

Collect pictures and information about Kalpana Chawla and Rakesh Sharma from newspapers and magazines and paste them in your scrap book. Read the information in your class.
(कल्पना चावला और राकेश शर्मा के बारे में अख़बारों और पत्रिकाओं से चित्र एवं सूचना एकत्रित करें और उनको अपनी स्क्रेप – बुक में चिपकाएँ। जानकारी का अपनी कक्षा में वाचन करें।)
Answer:
Do yourself.

Kalpana: The Star Word Meanings

Astronaut (ऐस्ट्रोनौट) – अंतरिक्ष यात्री; Aeronautical (एअरोनॉटिकल) – वैमानिक; Inspiration (इस्पिरेशन) – प्रेरणा; Imaginary (इमैजिनरी) – काल्पनिक; vegetarian (वैजिटेरिअन) – शाकाहारी; Research (रिसर्च) – शोध; Pioneering (पाइअनीअरिंग) – अग्रगामी, पथप्रदर्शक; Dedicated (डैडिकटिड) – समर्पित; Perish (पैरिश) – नष्ट हो जाना; Grieve (ग्रीव) – दुखित होना, शोक मनाना; Immortal (इमॉर्टल) – अमर, अनश्वर; Hiking (हाइकिंग) – लम्बी सैर।

Kalpana: The Star Summary, Pronunciation & Translation

1. Kalpana Chawla, the first Indian woman astronaut, was bold enough to make her career in aeronautics. She was a source of inspiration to her friends and colleagues. She is a role model for many young Indian women. This is an imaginary interview conducted in her own school

कल्पना चावला, द फर्स्ट इंडियन वुमेन ऐस्ट्रोनॉट वॉज़ बोल्ड एनफ टु मेक हर कैरिअर इन एयरोनॉटिक्स. शी वॉज अ सोर्स ऑफ इन्सपिरेशन टु हर, फ्रेन्ड्स एण्ड क्लीग्स. शी इज़ अ रोल मॉडल फॉर मेनी यंग इण्डियन वुमेन. दिस इज़ ऐन इमैजिनरी इन्टरव्यू कन्डक्टिड इन हर ओन स्कूल.

अनुवाद:
कल्पना चावला, प्रथम भारतीय महिला अन्तरिक्ष यात्री ने वैमानिक विज्ञान को अपना पेशा बनाने का साहसिक कदम उठाया। वह अपने मित्रों तथा सहयोगियों के लिए प्रेरणा का स्रोत थी। बहुत सी युवा भारतीय महिलाओं के लिए एक आदर्श हैं। यह उनके स्वयं के विद्यालय में स्वचालित एक काल्पनिक साक्षात्कार है।

2. Children : Good morning madam. We are from Tagore School, Karnal. We would like to ask you a few questions before you leave for your space mission.
Kalpana : Good morning. Please make yourselves comfortable.

चिल्ड्रेन – गुड मॉर्निंग, मैडम, वी आर फ्रॉम टेगोर स्कूल, करनाल. वी वुड लाइक टु आस्क यू अ फ्यू क्वेश्चन्स बिफोर यू लीव फॉर योर स्पेस मिशन.
कल्पना – गुड मॉर्निंग. प्लीज मेक योरसेल्फ कम्फर्टेबल.
अनुवाद – बच्चे – नमस्ते मैडम, हम टैगोर स्कूल, करनाल से हैं। इससे पहले आप अपने अन्तरिक्ष मिशन के लिए जायें हम आपसे कुछ-प्रश्न पूछना चाहते हैं।
कल्पना – नमस्ते! कृपया आराम से बैठे।

3. Rohan : Please tell us about your childhood.
Kalpana : Well, I was born on 1 July 1961 in Karnal, Haryana. I had always dreamt about flying when I was a child. In fact, I thought of going farther than the pilots and wanted to become an astronaut at the age of thirteen.
Kavita : Do tell us more about yourself.
Kalpana : (Laughing) Well, I am a strict vegetarian. I respect my teachers. I like reading, flying, hiking and bird-watching.

रोहन – प्लीज टैल अस अबाउट योर चाइल्डहुड।
कल्पना – वैल, आइ वॉज बॉर्न ऑन 1 जुलाई, 1961 इन करनाल, हरियाणा, आइ हैड ऑल्वेज ड्रेस्ट अबाउट फ्लाइंग व्हेन आई वॉज़ अ चाइल्ड. इन फैक्ट, आइ थॉट ऑफ गोइंग फादर दैन द पायलट्स एण्ड वान्टेड टु बिकम ऐन ऐस्ट्रोनॉट ऐट द एज ऑफ थर्टीन.
कविता – डू टैल अस मोर अबाउट यॉरसैल्फ.
कल्पना – (लॉफिंग) वैल, आइ एम अस्ट्रिक्ट वेजीटेरियन. आइ रेस्पैक्ट माइ टीचर्स. आइ लाईक रीडिंग, फ्लाइंग, हाइकिंग एण्ड बर्ड-वाचिंग.

अनुवाद:
रोहन – कृपया हमें अपने बचपन के बारे में बताइए।
कल्पना – अच्छा, मेरा जन्म 1 जुलाई, 1961 को करनाल, हरियाणा में हुआ था। बचपन से ही सिर्फ उड़ान ही मेरा सपना था। सच तो यह है कि मैं विमान – चालकों से भी आगे जाने की सोचती थी और तेरह वर्ष की अवस्था से मैं एक अन्तरिक्ष यात्री बनना चाहती थी।
कविता – हमें अपने बारे में कुछ और अधिक बताएँ।।
कल्पना – (हँसते हुए) – अच्छा, मैं पूर्ण शाकाहारी हूँ। मैं अपने शिक्षकों का सम्मान करती हूँ। मुझे पढ़ना, उड़ना, लम्बी सैर करना तथा पक्षियों को देखना पसन्द है।

4. Aslam : What courses did you have to go through to become an astronaut ?
Kalpana : After passing Higher Secondary Examination from Tagore School, Karnal in 1976, I joined the Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh, for my Bachelor’s Degree in Aeronautical Engineering in 1982. I then moved on to the University of Texas, USA for my Master’s Degree in Aerospace Engineering in 1984. I earned my Ph.D in the same subject from the University of Colorado, USA in 1988.

असलम – व्हॉट कोर्सिस डिड यू हैव टु गो यू टु बिकम ऐन ऐस्ट्रोनॉट ?
कल्पना – आफ्टर पासिंग हायर सेकेण्डरी एक्जामिनेशन फ्रॉम टैगोर स्कूल, करनाल इन 1976, आइ जॉइन्ड द पंजाब इंजीनियरिंग कॉलेज, चण्डीगढ़, फॉर माइ बैचलर्स डिग्री इन
ऐरोनॉटिकल इंजीनियरिंग, इन 1982.आइ दैन मूव्ड ऑन टु द यूनिवर्सिटी ऑफ टेक्सस, यू. एस. ए. फॉर माइ मास्टर्स डिग्री इन एयरोस्पेस इंजीनियरिंग इन 1984. आई अन्ड माइ पी-एच. डी. इन द सेम सब्जेक्ट फ्रॉम द यूनिवर्सिटी ऑफ कोलोराडो, यू. एस. ए. इन 1988.

अनुवाद:
असलम – एक अन्तरिक्ष यात्री बनने के लिए आपको कौन-से पाठ्यक्रम पढ़ने पड़े ?
कल्पना – 1976 में टैगोर स्कूल, करनाल से हायर सेकेण्डरी परीक्षा पास करने के बाद मैंने 1982 में वैमानिक अभियान्त्रिकी में अपनी स्नातक की डिग्री के लिए पंजाब इंजीनियरिंग कॉलेज, चण्डीगढ़ में दाखिला लिया। 1984 में मैं ऐरोस्पेस अभियान्त्रिकी में स्नात्तकोत्तर डिग्री के लिए टेक्सास यूनिवर्सिटी, अमेरिका चली गई। मैंने 1988 में कोलोरॉडो यूनिवर्सिटी, अमेरिका से उसी विषय में पी-एच. डी. की।

5. Jeetu : How did you join NASA ?
Kalpana : That’s an interesting story. Initially I had joined NASA as a research scientist in 1995 and worked for them at the Ames Research Center. But then, inspired by the pioneering Indian pilot, J.R.D. Tata, I tried hard and was ultimately selected for my first flight in 1996..
Rohan : How was your first space mission ?
Kalpana : I took off for my first space mission in the Space Shuttle Columbia on 19 November 1997. The flight was called STS – 87. I worked with my six member space crew as a mission specialist and prime robotic arm operator. I enjoyed every moment of it.

जीतू – हाउ डिड यू जॉइन नॉसा ?
कल्पना – दैट्स ऐन इन्टरेस्टिंग स्टोरी, इनीशियली आइ हैड जाइन्ड नासा ऐज़ अ रिसर्च साइंटिस्ट इन 1995 एण्ड वर्ड फॉर दैम ऐट द ऐम्स रिसर्च सेन्टर, बट दैन, इन्सपायर्ड बाइ द
पायनियिरिंग इंडियन पायलट, जे. आर. डी. टाटा, आइ ट्राइड हार्ड एण्ड वॉज़ अल्टीमेटली सिलैक्टिड फॉर माइ फर्स्ट फ्लाइट इन 1996.
रोहन – हाउ वॉज़ योर फर्स्ट स्पेस मिशन ?
कल्पना – आइ टुक ऑफ फॉर माइ फर्स्ट स्पेस मिशन इन द स्पेस शटल, कोलम्बिया ऑन 19 नवम्बर, 1997. द फ्लाइट वॉज़ काल्ड STS – 87. आइ वर्ड विद माइ सिक्स-मैम्बर स्पेस क्रू ऐज़ अमिशन स्पेशलिस्ट एण्ड प्राइम रोबोटिक आर्म ऑपरेटर, आइ एन्जायड ऐवरी मूमैंट ऑफ इट.’

अनुवाद:
जीतू – आप नासा (NASA) के सम्पर्क में कैसे आईं ?
कल्पना – यह एक रोचक कहानी है। शुरू-शुरू में मैंने 1995 में नासा में एक शोध वैज्ञानिक के रूप में कार्य ग्रहण किया और उनके लिए ऐम्स रिसर्च सेन्टर में काम किया। पर उसके बाद अग्रगामी भारतीय विमान चालक, जे. आर. डी. टाटा से प्रेरित होकर मैंने कड़े प्रयास किये और अन्त में 1996 में अपनी पहली उड़ान के लिए चयनित हो गई।
रोहन – आपका पहला अन्तरिक्ष अभियान कैसा था ?
कल्पना – मैंने अपनी पहली अन्तरिक्ष यात्रा की उड़ान स्पेस शटल, कोलम्बिया में 19 नवम्बर, 1997 को भरी। इस उड़ान को एस-टी.एस-87 का नाम दिया गया। मैंने छहः सदस्यीय अन्तरिक्ष दल के साथ मिशन विशेषज्ञ तथा रोबोटिक भुजा संचालक के रूप में काम किया। मैंने हर पल का आनन्द लिया।

6. Aslam : What are your further plans ?
Kalpana : Well, my next mission will be in the same Space Shuttle Columbia. The flight is called STS – 107. I will take off on 16 January 2003. It will be a mission dedicated to science and research. We
hope to perform a number of scientific experiments in space.
Kavita : Thank you, Madam.
Kalpana : You’re welcome.

असलम – व्हॉट आर योर फर्दर प्लान्स ?
कल्पना – वैल, माइ नेक्सट मिशन विल बी इन द सेम स्पेस शटल कोलम्बिया. द फ्लाइट इज़ कॉल्ड STS – 107. आइ बिल टेक ऑफ ऑन 16 जेनुअरी, 2003. इट विल बी अ मिशन डेडिकेटिड टु साइंस एण्ड रिसर्च. वी होप टु परफॉर्म अ नम्बर ऑफ साइंटिफिक ऐक्सपेरीमेंट्स इन स्पेस.
कविता – बैंक यू, मैम. कल्पना-यू आर वैल्कम.

अनुवाद:
असलम – आपकी आगे की क्या योजनाएँ हैं ?
कल्पना – मेरी अगली उड़ान उसी अन्तरिक्ष यान कोलम्बिया में होगी। इस उड़ान का नाम STS – 107 है। यह 16 जनवरी, 2003 को उड़ेगी। यह विज्ञान और शोध को समर्पित एक मिशन है। हम अन्तरिक्ष में कई वैज्ञानिक प्रयोग करने की आशा करते हैं।
कविता – धन्यवाद, मैम। कल्पना-आपका स्वागत है।

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MP Board Class 8th Special English Grammar Transformation

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Look at these sentences:

(i) स्तम्भ A के नीचे दिए गए वाक्यों तथा ठीक उनके सामने स्तम्भ B में दिए गए वाक्यों को देखें, अर्थ की दृष्टि से दोनों समान हैं।
(ii) किन्तु एक ही बात को हम दो तरह से कह सकते हैं और तब वाक्यों के words तथा word-order भी अलग-अलग हो सकते हैं।

अतः, हम कह सकते हैं कि किसी वाक्य के meaning को अक्षुण्ण रखते हुए उसके form (रूप) को बदला जा सकता है। अंग्रेजी व्याकरण में इसे Transformation कहते हैं। Transformation का अर्थ होता है-रूप-परिवर्तन An To transform a sentence is to re-write it to change its form without any change of meaning.

अंग्रेजी में वाक्यों के मुख्यतः निम्नलिखित forms हो सकते हैं:
(a) Statement या Assertive (affirmative or negative)
(ii) Question या Interrogative
(iii) Desires या Imperative and Optative तथा
(iv) Exclamations.

(b) Voice : Active and Passive

(c) (i) Simpel
(ii) Complex
(iii) Double and Multiple (Compound).

(d) Direct and Indirect (Narration).
Voice तथा Narration के विषय में आप पढ़ चुके हैं। यहाँ हम Transformation की अन्य विधियों पर एक-एक कर विचार करेंगे।

(a) Transforming interrogative into assertive

Look at these sentences:

Interrogative sentence में पहले verb तब subject रहता है, किन्तु assertive sentence में subject + verb का word-order रहता है। Interrogative sentence को assertive में बदलने के लिए:

1. Verb + subject के word-order के बदले वाक्य में subject + verb का word-order लगाते हैं;
2. Interrogative mark की जगह full stop देते हैं;
3. यदि interrogative sentence में not नहीं रहे तो assertive में not लगाते हैं, पर यदि interrogative में not हो तो assertive में not का प्रयोग नहीं करते हैं।
4. कुछ ऐसे interrogative sentences होते हैं जो अर्थ के अनुसार assertive होते हैं, उन्हें rhetorical questions कहते हैं। ऐसे वाक्यों को अर्थ के अनुसार assertive में बदलते हैं। जैसे –

Isn’t India a big country?
India is a big country.

(b) Transforming assertive sentences into interrogative

Look at these sentences:

Assertive sentence को interrogative बनाने के लिए:

1. सबसे पहले assertive sentence के subject + verb के शब्द-क्रम को verb + subject के शब्द-क्रम में बदलें :
2. फिर full stop की जगह question mark लगाएँ; तथा
3. अगर assertive sentence में not नहीं हो तो interrogative में not लगाएँ अगर assertive में not हो तो interrogative में इसका प्रयोग नहीं करें।

(c) Transforming exclamatory sentence into assertive

Look at these sentences:

Exclamatory sentence को assertive में बदलने के लिए :

1. सब से पहले subject + verb का शब्द क्रम करें;
2. लुप्त शब्दों को जोड़ दो; What a lovely rose ! = What a lovely rose it is!
3. अगर exclamation how, what, such आदि से प्रारम्भ हो तो very या great + adjective या उपयुक्त adjectiv + noun का प्रयोग करें;
4. अगर exclamation o that, would that, if I were, if only, alas that से प्रारम्भ हो तो assertive वाक्य में I wish, I earnestly desir, I am sad आदि का प्रयोग करें;
5. Exclamation के चिह्न के स्थान पर full stop का प्रयोग करना चाहिए।

(d) Transforming affirmative sentences into negative

1. Look at these sentences:

Affirmative से negative बनाने के लिए कभी-कभी no/not तथा अन्य नकारात्मक भाव व्यक्त करने वाले शब्दों का प्रयोग किया जाता है। जैसे : doubtful = not sure; always = never; as soon as = no sooner than; all = none; cruel = not kind आदि। कभी-कभी affirmative ध्वनि वाले शब्दों की जगह negative ध्वनि वाले विपरीतार्थक शब्दों के प्रयोग से भी काम चल जाता है।

2. Look at these sentences:

कभी-कभी affirmative से negative बनाने के लिए double negative (negative + negative) की आवश्यकता पड़ती है। आप जानते हैं कि double negative = affirmative.

(e) Transforming negative sentences into affirmative

Look at these sentences:

Negative से affirmative बनाने की प्रक्रिया affirmative से negative बनाने की प्रक्रिया के ठीक विपरीत है। जैसे: not always = sometimes; no one = everyone; not good = bad; not kind = cruel; not getting help = helpless; no sooner than = as soon as आदि।

(f) Transforming simple sentences into double or compound sentences :

Look at these sentences:

1. Simple sentence में एक ही principal clause रहता है, किन्तु double sentence में दो;
2. And, but, still, yet, or, both ________ and, not only ______ but also, otherwise, either _______ or आदि द्वारा जोड़कर simple से double sentence बनाया जाता है।

(g) “Transforming double or compound sentences into simple sentences.

Look at these sentences:

Double sentence को simple में बदलने के लिए :

1. Double sentence के finite verb को participle (verb + ing) में बदल दिया जाता है; या
2. अवश्यक्तानुसार उस जगह to, for, after, by, unless, owing to, in spite of आदि का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

(h) Transforming simple sentences into complex sentences

Look at these sentences:

1. Simple sentence में एक principal clause रहता है, किन्तु complex sentence में एक principal clause तथा कम-से-कम एक subordinate clause (noun, adjective या adverb clause) अवश्य रहता है।
2. अतः, simple sentence से complex sentence में बदलने के लिए simple sentence के किसी एक word or phrase (शब्द समूह) को लेकर noun, adjective या adverb clause में who, whom, whose, that, which, when, why, where, unless, till, so ……….. that इत्यादि की सहायता से बदल दें।

(i) Transforming complex sentences into simple sentences

Look at these sentences:

Complex sentence को simple sentence बनाने की कला simple से complex बनाने की कला के ठीक विपरीत है, अर्थात simple sentence में noun, adverb या adjective clause के भाव को एक शब्द या शब्दसमूह (phrase) में व्यक्त करना चाहिए।

(j) Transforming double sentences into complex sentences

Look at these sentences:

Co-ordinate main clause के स्थान पर subordinate clause का प्रयोग कर Double sentence को complex में बदला जा सकता है।

(k) Transforming complex sentences into double sentences

Look at these sentences:

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Guys who are planning to learn the fundamentals of English can avail the handy study material using MP Board Solutions for Class 8 Special English Grammar Prepositions Questions and Answers. You Can Download MP Board Class 8 English Solutions Questions and Answers, Notes, Summary, Guide, Pdf. Refer to the Madhya Pradesh State Board Solutions for English PDF available and score better grades. Simply click on the quick links available for MP Board Solutions for Class 8 Special English Grammar Prepositions Questions and Answers and prepare all the concepts in it effectively. Take your preparation to the next level by availing the Madhya Pradesh State Board Solutions for Class 8 English prepared by subject experts.

MP Board Class 8th Special English Grammar Prepositions

Do you feel the concept of English is difficult to understand? Not anymore with our MP Board Solutions for Class 8 Special English Grammar Prepositions Questions and Answers. All the Solutions are given to you with detailed explanation and you can enhance your subject knowledge. Use the Madhya Pradesh State Board Solutions for Class 8 English PDF for free of cost and prepare whenever you want.

A Preposition is a word placed before a noun or a pronoun to show its relation to some other word in the sentence; as:

1. He is true to his word.
2. They boy fell into the pit.

Chief Prepositions: At, on, in, to, by, with, for, from, out, of, up, under, upon, about, before, behind, between, beneath, within, without etc.

Use of Some Prepositions

1. At. In: At छोटे स्थान के लिए और in बड़े स्थान के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है:
जैसे –
1. He lives at Najaf Garh.
2. We live in India.

2. In, Into: In स्थिति का बोध कराता है, परन्तु Into गति प्रकट करता है; जैसे –
1. The boys are in the class room.
2. We went into the class room.

3. With, By: With यन्त्र के साथ और By कार्य करने वाले के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है; जैसे –
1. He cut the apple with a sharp knife.
2. The snake was killed by the farmer.

4. Since, For: Since निश्चित समय के लिए और For समय की अवधि के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है; जैसे –
1. She has been knitting since morning.
2. Ram has been sick for two days.

5. Between, Among: Between दो आदमियों या वस्तुओं के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है Among दो से अधिक के लिए; जैसे –
1. Divide these fruits between Mohini and Radha.
2. The man divided his property among his four sons.

6. On, Upon: On गतिहीन वस्तुओं की ओर और Upon गतिशील की ओर संकेत करता है; जैसे –
1. The mother is on the roof.
2. The dog jumped upon the table.

7. In, Within: In का तात्पर्य समय की समाप्ति पर, जबकि Within का तात्पर्य है समय की अवधि के अन्दर। (अर्थात् निश्चित समय के पूर्व) जैसे –
1. I shall come back in a week. (एक सप्ताह की समाप्ति पर)
2. I shall come back within a week. (एक सप्ताह समाप्त होने से पूर्व)

8. Below, Beneath: Below से पद का पता चलता है, जबकि Beneath स्थान का बोध कराता है। जैसे –
1. He is below me in rank.
2. The lion is sleeping beneath a tree.

9. Beside, Besides: Beside का अर्थ है पास और Besides का अर्थ है अतिरिक्त। जैसे –
1. She sat beside me.
2. Besides Raj, other boys came.

Exercise (1)

Fill in the blanks with suitable preposition selecting from those given in brackets:

1. I went to Bhopal _______ May. (on, in, at)
2. She bought this pen _______ ten rupees. (of, for in)
3. The monkey jumped _______ the river. (in, into, on)
4. He ran _______ the thief. (with, into, after)
5. We started _______ five _______ the morning (on, at, in)
6. He plucked an apple _______ the tree. (out, on, from)
7. The teacher beat him _______ a cane. (by, from, with)
8. He does not agree _______ me. (in, by, with)
9. Sita came _______ school (in, from, out)
10. The child fell _______ the well. (in, into, at)

Exercise (2)

Complete the following sentences by filling the suitable prepositions in the blanks :

1. I have not slept _______ yesterday.
2. He spoke _______ me _______ English.
3. She brought a doll _______ the market _______ two rupees.
4. The building was destroyed _______ fire.
5. You learn the poem _______ heart.
6. The furniture is made _______ wood.
7. Boys go to school _______ 10 o’cloek.
8. Raj lives _______ Calcutta
9. He lives _______ this building.
10. The game will begin 10 o’clock.

Fixed Prepositions

1. Afraid of : A cat is afraid of dogs.
2. Acquit of : The judge acquitted him of all the charges.
3. Assure of : I assure you of my help.
4. Aware of : Are you your faults of not aware.
5. Beg of : Gangu begged mercy of Hari.
6. Beware of : Beware of cheats.
7. Come of : Nanu and Nupur come of the family of writers.
8. Consist of: This book consists of three hundred pages.
9. Convict of : Jag Mohan was convicted of pick-pocketing.
10. Die of : Many men die of cholera every year.
11. Dispose of : I have disposed of my old scooter.
12. Enquire of : I enquired of him about his health.
13. Hope of : He has no hope of success.
14. Relieve of : This medicine will relieve you of your pain.
15. Taste of : This water tastes of salt.
16. Warn of : She warned me of the coming danger.
17. Abound in : This tank abounds in fish.
18. Arrive in : The Prime Minister will arrive in Delhi tomorrow.
19. Bask in : Let us bask in the sun.
20. Believe in : We should not believe in ghosts.
21. Call in : Please call in the doctor.
22. Confide in : I confide in my niece.
23. Consist in : Beauty consists in simplicity.
24. Deal in : Her father deals in sugar.
25. End in : All her efforts ended in smoke.
26. Fail in : She failed in her mission.
27. Fill in : Fill in the following blanks.
28. Give in : The enemy gave in at last.
29. Indulge in : Do not indulge in idle talks.
30. Interfere in : Do not interfere in other’s work.
31. Succeed in : You cannot succeed in the examination.
32. Trust in : Trust in God and do the right.
33. Aim at : The hunter aimed at the deer.
34. Angry at : Your father was angry at your misconduct.
35. Arrive at : You have arrived at the wrong decision.
36. Bark at : Dogs always bark at the strangers.
37. Catch at : A drowning man catches at a straw. ”
38. Grieve at : Do not grieve at your loss.
39. Grumble at : Do not grumble at your lot.
40. Knock at : Do not knock at my door.
41. Laugh at : Never laugh at the helpless.
42. Point at : The child pointed at the bird.
43. Wonder at : I wondered at the sight of the Taj.
44. Absent from : Sushma is absent from school today.
45. Abstain from : I abstain from smoking.
46. Differ from : My book differs from yours.
47. Escape from : The thief escaped from the police station.
48. Part from : The bride parted from her parents in tears.
49. Prevent from : The teacher prevented her from entering the classroom.
50. Protect from : The umbrella protects us from sun and shower.
51: Recover from : She has recovered from illness.
52. Ask for : He asked me for a loan of money.
53. Blame for : Do not blame anybody for your failure.
54. Care for : He does not care for my advice.
55. Die for: A soldier should be ready to die for his country.
56. Feel for : The rich should feel for the poor.
57. Fight for : We should fight for our rights.
58. Grieve for : Do not grieve for your parents.
59. Hope for : Always hope for the best.
60. Live for : We should fight for our country.
61. Long for : Do not long for a very long life.
62. Look for : I am looking for my lost purse.
63. Pay for : You will have to pay for your folly.
64. Pray for : Should I pray for your welfare.
65. Prepare for : We should be prepared for the worst.
66. Send for : Send for the doctor at once.
67. Take for : The police took him for a thief.
68. Wait for : I am waiting for my friend.
69. Agree with : I cannot agree with you.
70. Angry with : Do not be angry with me.
71. Begin with : The function began with a song.
72. Charge with : He has been charged with murder.
73. Compare with : Compare this apple with that.
74. Deal with : You should deal with all in a polite way.
75. Differ with : I differ with you on this point.
76. Disagree with : I disagree with you on this point.
77. Fight with : We must not fight with our neighbours.
78. Fill with : Fill this cup with tea.
79. Interfere with : Do not interfere with others.
80. Mix with : Do not mix with idlers.

We wish the knowledge shared regarding MP Board Solutions for Class 8 Special English Grammar Prepositions Questions and Answers has been helpful to you. If you need any further help feel free to ask us and we will get back to you with the possible solution. Bookmark our site to avail the latest updates on different state boards solutions in split seconds.

Guys who are planning to learn the fundamentals of English can avail the handy study material using MP Board Solutions for Class 8 Special English Grammar Direct and Indirect Narration Questions and Answers. You Can Download MP Board Class 8 English Solutions Questions and Answers, Notes, Summary, Guide, Pdf. Refer to the Madhya Pradesh State Board Solutions for English PDF available and score better grades. Simply click on the quick links available for MP Board Solutions for Class 8 Special English Grammar Direct and Indirect Narration Questions and Answers and prepare all the concepts in it effectively. Take your preparation to the next level by availing the Madhya Pradesh State Board Solutions for Class 8 English prepared by subject experts.

MP Board Class 8th Special English Grammar Direct and Indirect Narration

Do you feel the concept of English is difficult to understand? Not anymore with our MP Board Solutions for Class 8 Special English Grammar Direct and Indirect Narration Questions and Answers. All the Solutions are given to you with detailed explanation and you can enhance your subject knowledge. Use the Madhya Pradesh State Board Solutions for Class 8 English PDF for free of cost and prepare whenever you want.

किसी व्यक्ति की कही हुई बात को हम दो प्रकार से लिखते हैं –

1. कहने वाले के मूल शब्दों में लिखना। इसे Direct Speech कहते हैं। ये शब्द सदैव Inverted Commas “…” में बन्द रहते हैं। जैसे –
Ram says, “I am going.”

2. कहने वाले की बात को अपने शब्दों में लिखना। इसे Indirect Speech कहते हैं। इसमें Reporting verb का comma तथा Inverted Commas “…” का लोप कर दिया जाता है। जैसे –
Ram says that he is going.

Two Parts of Direct Speeches

1. Inverted Commas से पूर्व वाला भाग जिससे वाक्य को आरम्भ करते हैं, इसे Reporting Verb कहते हैं। जैसे उपर्युक्त उदाहरण में Ram says Reporting verb है।

2. Inverted Commas के अन्दर लिखा हुआ कथन Reported Speech कहलाता है। जैसे उपुर्यक्त भाग में “I am going” Reported Speech है। Direct से Indirect बनाते समय Personal Pronouns का परिवर्तनः

नियम – Reported Speech में प्रयोग किये गए first person-I, my, me, we, us, our के Pronouns को Reporting Verb के Subject के Person के अनुसार बदल देते हैं। जैसे –

Direct : The teacher says, “I am writing a letter.”
Indirect: The teacher says that he is wiriting a letter.

उपयुक्त वाक्यों में वक्ता teacher, है,जिसने अपने लिए ‘I’ का प्रयोग किया है। Indirect Speech में teacher के third person के अनुसार subject बदलकर he हो गया है।
नियम – Reported Speech Second Person Pronouns के You, Your, Reporting Verb के Object के Person के अनुसार बदल देते हैं। जैसे –

Direct: You said to me, “You are an honest man.”
Indirect: You told me that I was an honest man.
Direct: He said to him, “You have helped me.”
Indirect: He told him that he had helped him.
Direct: He said, “You never helped me.”
Indirect: He said that he never helped him.
Direct: I said to you, “You are ill.”
Indirect: I told you that you were ill.
Direct: I said to him, “You killed a snake.”
Indirect: I told him that he had killed a snake.
Rule: Indirect Speech में बदलते समय Third Person के Pronouns में कोई परिवर्तन नहीं होता। जैसे –
Direct: He said, “He will go there.”
Indirect: He said that he would go there.
Direct: He said, “They will go there.”
Indirect: He said that they would go there.”

Change of Tenses

Rule: यदि Reporting Verb भूतकाल में हो तो Reported Speech की क्रिया नीचे लिखे नियमानुसार बदल जाती है –
Go, goes – is changed into went
is, are – is changed into was, were
has or have – is changed into had
has been or have been going – is changed into has been going
went – had gone
was or were going – is changed into had been going
will or shall – is changed into would or should
can – is changed into could
may – is changed into might
has and had – is changed into had
was and were – is changed into had been.

Change of Tenses

Assertive Sentences

Rule. यदि Reporting Verb Present या Future Tense में हो, तो Reported Speech के Verb का Tense नहीं बदलता।
Examples :
Direct : The boy says, “I am playing.”
Indicet : The boy says that he is playing.
Direct: Sita will say, “I write a letter.”
Indirect : Sita will say that she writes a letter.
Direct : The boy said, “I write a letter.”
Indirect : The boy said that he wrote a letter.
Direct : Hari said, “I am playing.”
Indirect : Hari said that he was playing.
Direct : The servant said, “I have swept the room.”
Indirect : The servant said that he had swept the room.
Direct : The boy said, “We have been playing for two hours.”
Indirect : The boys said that they had been playing for two hours.
Direct : The tailor said, “I pressed the clothes.”
Indirect : The tailor said that he had pressed the clothes.
Direct : My mother said, “I was cooking food.”
Indirect : My mother said that she had been cooking food.

Change of Auxiliary Verbs

Rule: of Reporting Verb में Auxiliary Verbs आये हैं, तो उनका परिवर्तन निम्न प्रकार से होगा।

Examples:
Direct: The boy said, “I am a good student.”
Indirect: The boy said that he was a good student.
Direct: Sita said, “I have a pen.”
Indirect: Sita said that she had a pen.
Direct: He said, “I do not go.”
Indirect: He said that he did not go.
Direct: He said, “I cannot go there.”
Indirect: He said that he could not go there.
Direct: I said to him, “I shall teach you.”
Indirect: I told him that I shall (would) teach him.

Exercise

Convert the following sentences into Indirect Speech:

1. I say, “I do my work daily.”
2. Hari says, “I am working hard for the examination.”
3. You say, “I know Ravi and his father.”
4. Gopal said, “I have done my work.”
5. She said, “I cannot learn the lesson so soon.”
6. Anil said, “I daily get up at four in the morning.”
7. My mother said to me, “I am cooking food for you.”
8. These boys said, “We have been playing since moring.”
9. Vinod said, “My brother plays cricket.”
10. The naughty girl said, “I have plucked flowers.”

Interrogative Sentences

Rule: जब प्रश्नवाचक वाक्यों को Direct से Indirect Speech में बदलते हैं, तो निम्नलिखित परिवर्तन किया जाता है –

1. Reporting Verb say अथवा tell को asked में बदल दिया जाता है।
2. यदि प्रशानवाचक वाक्य where, why, what, which, when, who आदि में से किसी एक से आरम्भ होता है, तो that या if का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता है।
3. यदि वाक्य is, am, are, have, has, had, was, were, will, shall अथवा किसी अन्य सहायक क्रिया से आरम्भ होता है, तो Indirect Speech में if का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता है।

Example:

A
Direct: He said to the beggar, “What do you want?”
Indirect: He asked the beggar what he wanted.
Direct: The teacher said to Mohan, “Why are you late for school today?”
Indirect: The teacher enquired of Mohan why he was late for the school that day.

В
Direct: I said to him, “Is your father at home?”
Indirect: I asked him if his father was at home.
Direct: The teacher said, “Hari did you bathe this morning?
Indirect: The teacher inquired of Hari if he had bathed that morning.
Direct: Harbans said to you, “Will you accompany me to Simla tomorrow?”
Indirect: Harbans asked you whether you would accompany him to Simla next day.

Exercise

Change the follwoing sentences into Indirect Speech:

1. You said to him, “What can I do for you?”
2. She said to Bimla, “Which school do you attend?”
3. I said to Hari, “How many boys are there in your class?”
4. He said to his friend, “When shall I call on you again?”
5. He said to me, “Where shall I wait for you?
6. Sohan said to Mohan, “Do you play foot-ball daily?”
7. The teacher said to the girl, “Have you done your home-work?”
8. She said to Bimla, “Does this book belong to you?”
9. He said to me, “Are you on speaking terms with your neighbour?”
10. Satish said, “Father, may I go to the picture today?”

Imperative Sentences

Rule: Imperative sentences में आदेश,आग्न्या,शिक्षा तथा प्रार्थना पायी जाती है, जैसे वाक्यों को Indirect मै बदलते समय Said to के स्थान पर ordered, advised, requested, proposed, forbade आदि शब्द लगाओ।
Rule: That का प्रयोग मत करो।
Rule: Verb के पूर्व To लगाओ। “Do not” को “not to” में बदल दो।

Examples:

A
Direct: The teacher said to Balbir, “Look at the black-board.”
Indirect: The teacher asked Balbir to look at the black-board.
Direct: He said to the servant, “Light the lamp atonce.”
Indirect: He ordered the servant to light the lamp atonce.
Direct: The general said to his men, “Stand at ease.”
Indirect: The general ordered his men to stand at ease.
Direct: He said to me, “Give me your knife.”
Indirect: He requesed me to give him my knife.
Direct: I said to him, “Please wait here for me till I return.”
Indirect: I requested him to wait there for me till I returned.
Direct: She said to her maid-servant, “Let the beggar come in.”
Indirect: She ordered her maid-servant to let the beggar come in.”
Direct: He said to his companions, “Let me go on with my work, please.”
Indirect: He requested his companions to let him go with his work.
Direct: He said, “Let us go out for a walk.”
Indirect: He proposed that they should go out for a walk.

Exercises

Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech:

1. I said to Raj, “Show me your new book.”
2. The teacher said to the boys, “Sit down and revise your lesson.”
3. The fox said to the crow, “Please sing me a song.”
4. He said to you, “Do attend my marriage.
5. Father said to me, “Respect your elders.”
6. I said to him, “Be quiet and listen to me.” (Use ‘urge’)
7. “Don’t do that again, or you will get into troubles,” said the old lady.
8. I said to my cousin, “Let us set out for Shimla tomorrow.”
9. Surender said, “Let this boy go out to play.”
10. Guru said to his disciples, “Do not mix with liars.”

Optative and Exclamatory Sentences

Rule: (i) Optative sentences में Reporting Verb के स्थान पर exclaimed with joy, sorrow, surprise आदि का प्रयोग किया जाता है। (ii) Optative Sentences में Reporting Verb के स्थान पर pray, wish आदि शब्दों का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

Examples:

Direct: She said, “May you live long, my daughter!”
Indirect: She wished that her daughter might live long.
Direct: He said to me, “May God bless you with a son!”
Indirect: He wished that God might bless me with a son.
Direct: Sohan said, “O that I were a rich man’s son.”
Indirect: Sohan wished that he were a rich man’s son.
Direct: Jagjit said, “What a terrible storm it is !”
Indirect: Jagjit exclaimed that is was a very terrible storm.
Direct: I said, “How fat he is !
Indirect: I exclaimed that he was very fat.
Direct: “Hurrah ! We are winning!” shouted the boys.
Indirect: The boys exclaimed with joy that they were winning.
Direct: Balbir said, “Alas! All my friends have deserted me.”
Indirect: Balbir exclaimed with sorrow that all his friends had deserted him.
Direct: Bimla said, “Alsa! How foolish I have been !”
Indirect: Bimla confessed with regret that she had been very foolish.
Direct: The Inspector said, “Bravo! Well played, Raj.”
Indirect: The Inspector applauded (or praised) Raj, saying that he had played well.
Direct: “Good night to you all,” said Harnam.
Indirect: Harnam wished them all good night.

Exercises

Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech:

1. They said to me, “May you be happy!”
2. I said to him, “May God help you in his matter !”
3. They said, “How sweetly the Cuckoo sings !”
4. He said to me, “May you succeed !”
5. She said, “Hurrah! I have won a prize in a lottery.”
6. You said, “Alas! I shall ‘fail.”
7. Hari cried, “O that I were dead !”
8. He said, “Alas! What a loss I have suffered !”
9. The man said, “What a fool I have been.”
10. He said, “Bravo! Well done, Ramu.”

We wish the knowledge shared regarding MP Board Solutions for Class 8 Special English Grammar Direct and Indirect Narration Questions and Answers has been helpful to you. If you need any further help feel free to ask us and we will get back to you with the possible solution. Bookmark our site to avail the latest updates on different state boards solutions in split seconds.

Guys who are planning to learn the fundamentals of English can avail the handy study material using MP Board Solutions for Class 8 Special English Grammar Time and Tense Questions and Answers. You Can Download MP Board Class 8 English Solutions Questions and Answers, Notes, Summary, Guide, Pdf. Refer to the Madhya Pradesh State Board Solutions for English PDF available and score better grades. Simply click on the quick links available for MP Board Solutions for Class 8 Special English Grammar Time and Tense Questions and Answers and prepare all the concepts in it effectively. Take your preparation to the next level by availing the Madhya Pradesh State Board Solutions for Class 8 English prepared by subject experts.

MP Board Class 8th Special English Grammar Time and Tense

Do you feel the concept of English is difficult to understand? Not anymore with our MP Board Solutions for Class 8 Special English Grammar Time and Tense Questions and Answers. All the Solutions are given to you with detailed explanation and you can enhance your subject knowledge. Use the Madhya Pradesh State Board Solutions for Class 8 English PDF for free of cost and prepare whenever you want.

(A) Time and Tence

1. Look at these sentences:
Kapil plays cricket.
Kapil played cricket.
Kapil ivill play cricket.

इन वाक्यों में plays, played तथा will play verbs हैं।

1. plays present tense है तथा इससे present time का बोध होता है।
2. played past tense है तथा इससे past time का बोध होता है।
3. will play future tense है (किंतु modern grammarians इसे present tense कहते हैं) तथा इससे future time का बोध होता है।

इन वाक्यों से पता चलता है कि present, past तथा future tense क्रमशः present, past तथा future time का बोध कराते हैं।

By Tense we understand the correspondence between the form of the verb and our concept of time (past, present and future).

किंतु Time और Tense दोनों एक नहीं हैं। Time एक universal concept है, किंतु Tense का संबंध verb से होता है।
Time को हम तीन भागों में बाँटते हैं:
Past Time, Present Time, Furture Time
अब time और tense के संबंध को देखें:

(B) Kinds of Tense

(C) Verb Forms
English Grammar में Verb का असली रूप present tense तथा plural number माना जाता है। Verb के पाँच रूप होते हैं।

Examples Worked Out

Fill in the blanks with the suitable forms of the verbs given in brackets:

1. The sun (shine) by day. – The sun shines by day.
2. Two and two (make) four. – Two and two make/makes four.
3. I (see) him last Monday. – I saw him last Monday.
4. He will do it if you (pay) him. – He will do it if you pay him.
5. She (be) born in 1965. – She was born in 1965.
6. I (live) here since 1980. – I have been living here since 1980.
7. Tom (arrive) last night. – Tom arrived last night.
8. Since when you know) him? – Since when have you known him?
9. I never (see) the Taj. – I have never seen the Taj.
10. The earth (move) round the sun. – The earth moves round the sun.
11. He (write) a letter now. – He is writing a letter now.
12. Did you (sleep) well? – Did you sleep well?
13. I (pass) the exam. in 1980. – I passed the exam. in 1980.
14. Honesty (be) the best policy. – Honesty is the best policy.
15. Onions (smell). – Onions smell.
16. We (see) him the other day. – We saw him the other day.
17. I (not see) him so far. – I haven’t seen him so far.
18. She (read) a book at present. – She is reading a book at present.
19. He (go) out an hour ago. – He went out an hour ago.
20. Horse (be) animals). – Horses are animals.

Exercise

Re-write the following sentences in the tenses indicated in brackets:
Examples: (i) He comes very early. (into simple past)
= He came very early.
(ii) You ride a bicycle. (into simple future)
You will ride a bicycle.

1. He comes very early. (into simple past)
2. You ride a bicycle. (into simple future)
3. He will say ‘no’. (into simple present)
4. It begins to rain. (into present perfect)
5. Soma made tea. (into future continuous)
6. We heard his speech. (into present perfect)
7. They go to the cinema. (into present continuous)
8. Boys play cricket here. (into present perfect continuous)
9. She comes here on Sundays. (into simple future)
10. I am going to have a bath. (into past continuous)
11. Did he like tea? (into simple present)
12. Moti has thrown the ball. (into past perfect)
13. He writes a long letter. (into present continuous)
14. They drove a car. (into simple future)
15. I thank him for his help. (into future continuous)
16. We waited here for long. (into present perfect continuous)
17. Mr. Sinha teaches us Hindi. (into simple past)
18. She has a sweet voice. (into simple future)
19. He does his work honestly.(into present perfect)

We wish the knowledge shared regarding MP Board Solutions for Class 8 Special English Grammar Time and Tense Questions and Answers has been helpful to you. If you need any further help feel free to ask us and we will get back to you with the possible solution. Bookmark our site to avail the latest updates on different state boards solutions in split seconds.

Guys who are planning to learn the fundamentals of English can avail the handy study material using MP Board Solutions for Class 8 Special English Annual Evaluation Questions and Answers. You Can Download MP Board Class 8 English Solutions Questions and Answers, Notes, Summary, Guide, Pdf. Refer to the Madhya Pradesh State Board Solutions for English PDF available and score better grades. Simply click on the quick links available for MP Board Solutions for Class 8 Special English Annual Evaluation Questions and Answers and prepare all the concepts in it effectively. Take your preparation to the next level by availing the Madhya Pradesh State Board Solutions for Class 8 English prepared by subject experts.

MP Board Class 8th Special English Solutions Annual Evaluation

Do you feel the concept of English is difficult to understand? Not anymore with our MP Board Solutions for Class 8 Special English Annual Evaluation Questions and Answers. All the Solutions are given to you with detailed explanation and you can enhance your subject knowledge. Use the Madhya Pradesh State Board Solutions for Class 8 English PDF for free of cost and prepare whenever you want.

Question 1.
Do as directed :
(i) Change the voice :

(a) The boy broke the window.
Answer:
The window was broken by the boy.

(b) The girls are playing Khokho.
Answer:
Khokho is being played by the girl.

(ii) Change into negative sentences :

(a) I can speak four languages.
Answer:
I can’t speak four languages.

(b) All students are present in the class.
Answer:
All students are not present in the class.

(iii) Use can/can’t appropriately :

(a) She play hockey but she play chess.
Answer:
(a) can, can’t

(iv) Change into past perfect tense :

(a) The students played well.
Answer:
The students have played well.

(b) Sheela bought a new dress.
Answer:
Sheela has bought a new dress.

(v) Change into Indirect Narration :

(a) The teacher said to me, ‘How old are you’?
Answer:
The teacher asked me how old I was.

(b) The master said to the servant, “Get out of the room.”
Answer:
The master ordered the servent to get out of the room.

(vi) Use appropriate articles in the following sentences :

(a) He is ………… one man army in himself.
(b) She often helps ………… orphan child.
Answer:
(a) a
(b) The.

(vii) Use appropriate Prepositions in the following sentences:
(a) The fish lives water.
(b) The children were diving water.
Answer:
(a) in
(b) into.

(viii) fill in the blanks with the adverbial form of the words given in the brackets.
(a) They played ………………. (Proper)
(b) She sits ………………. (quiet)
Answer:
(a) properly
(b) quietly.

Question 2.
Match the words given in column A with the words in column B.

Answer:

1. – d
2. – a
3. – b
4. – c.

Question 3.
(A) Answer any six of the following questions in two to three sentences each :

Question 1.
What did Anu do when she saw Kala drowing?
Answer:
Anu at once jumped into the pool when she saw Kala drowning.

Question 2.
What makes Manav Sangrahalaya a different museum from other museums?
Ans.
It preserves folkart, and tribal communities, their habitats, their cultural diversities and their relationship with nature. This fact makes this museum different from others.

Question 3.
Why did King Shibi refuse to surrender the dove to the eagle.
Answer:
The king refused to surrender the dove because he thought that his foremost duty was to protect the innocent bird.

Question 4.
What made Andy feel delighted?
Answer:
Andy felt delighted because he managed to get three letters for eleven pence.

Question 5.
How did the school celebrate the occasion when Kalam became the president?
Answer:
When Kalam became President, the school celebrated the day as a festival. Sweets were distributed among the teachers and students.

Question 6.
What is Maheswar famous for?
Answer:
The humble palace of Devi Ahilya Bai is located at the ghat of Maheshwar.

Question 7.
What are the bad qualities against which the yogic theory warns us?
Answer:
The yogic theory warns us against desires, anger, greed, attachment and pride.

Question 8.
What happened to the cherry plant when it was two feet high?
Answer:
A goal entered the garden and ate all the leaves of the plant.

B. Answer any three of the following questions in three to five sentences each:

Question 1.
Why did Raghoba Dada give up the idea of fighting and go back?
Answer:
Raghoba Dada was afraid that if he lost a battle against a woman, he would lose his name and fame as a warrior on the other hand, nobody would praise him even if he won the battle. Hence, he gave up the idea of fighting and went back.

Question 2.
How has Yoga helped Mankind?
Answer:
Yoga has helped mankind in leading a healthy life. It has also helped in elevating the self to realise God and the mysteries of the universe.

Question 3.
‘Ustad was the undisputed jewel in the crown of Indian music’. Explain.
Answer:
Ustad Bismillah Khan was a great Shehnai player. He elevated the Shehnai from an instrument heard only in weddings and naubat khanas to one that was appreciated in concert halls across the world. He was a matchless figure in the field of music.

Question 4.
What brought a change in Sharad’s view of his disability?
Answer:
He did not like to show his disability to anyone. Therefore he constantly hid his disability.

Question 4.
Answer any two of the following questions.

Question 1.
What does the poet long to be in the poem ‘To the New year’?
Answer:
The poet longs to be a child in the beginning of the poem.

Question 2.
‘The God is not before thee.’ Where can He be found according to the poet?
Answer:
We can find God where the tiller works in the hard ground and where the path-maker breaks stones.

Question 3.
What should we do when our pace seems slow?
Answer:
We should not give up even if our pace seems slow.

Question 4.
Why does the poet say that trees are kind?
Answer:
‘They’ stands for trees.

Question 5.
Write the summary of any one of the following poems:
(a) The Jet Age
(b) To the New Year
(c) Children who are wanted every Hour

Question 6.
Write a short note on any one of the following topics:
(a) Importance of Yoga
(b) hilyabai
(c) Trees

Question 7.
Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow :

Abraham Lincoln, the great President of US, was born in a log cabin in Kentucky, Amerifca, on 12 February 1809. His father was a poor farmer, who did not like to stay in the same place for long.

In 1816, the Lincolns moved to Indiana and stayed there. Life was hard in the new place. Abe was only seven, but he tried to help his father. He soon learnt use the axe and the gun.

One day. Abe saw some wild birds flying across the sky. He wanted to shoot one of them. He hoped to give the bird to his mother so that she could cook it for dinner. Abe took his father’s gun and shot a bird through a hole in the wall of the cabin. A large bird fell dead to the ground. Abe ran out of the cabin to pick it up. But when he reached the bird, he felt sad. The bird lay there very still with its beautiful golden feathers.

Abe picked up the dead bird, and walked slowly towards the hut. He made up his mind not to shoot another bird in his life. And he never did.

Question 1.
Who was life in the new place for the Lincolns?
Answer:
Life was hard in the new place for the Lincoln’s.

Question 2.
Why did Lincoln want to short a bird?
Answer:
Lincoln wanted to short a bird and give it to his mother so that she could cook it for dinner.

Question 3.
Why did Lincoln feel sad?
Answer:
Lincoln felt sad because the bird lay there very still with its beautiful golden feathers.

Question 4.
What did Lincon decide not to do?
Answer:
Lincoln decided not to shoot another bird in his life.

B. Say true or False

(i) Abraham Lincoln was born in Britain.
(ii) Life was not so easy oin the new placel.
Answer:
(i) false
(ii) true.

B. Find the opposite of the following words from the passage.
(i) move
(ii) alive
Answer:
(i) still
(ii) dead.

We wish the knowledge shared regarding MP Board Solutions for Class 8 Special English Annual Evaluation Questions and Answers has been helpful to you. If you need any further help feel free to ask us and we will get back to you with the possible solution. Bookmark our site to avail the latest updates on different state boards solutions in split seconds.

Guys who are planning to learn the fundamentals of English can avail the handy study material using MP Board Solutions for Class 8 Special English Grammar Clause Questions and Answers. You Can Download MP Board Class 8 English Solutions Questions and Answers, Notes, Summary, Guide, Pdf. Refer to the Madhya Pradesh State Board Solutions for English PDF available and score better grades. Simply click on the quick links available for MP Board Solutions for Class 8 Special English Grammar Clause Questions and Answers and prepare all the concepts in it effectively. Take your preparation to the next level by availing the Madhya Pradesh State Board Solutions for Class 8 English prepared by subject experts.

MP Board Class 8th Special English Grammar Clause

Do you feel the concept of English is difficult to understand? Not anymore with our MP Board Solutions for Class 8 Special English Grammar Clause Questions and Answers. All the Solutions are given to you with detailed explanation and you can enhance your subject knowledge. Use the Madhya Pradesh State Board Solutions for Class 8 English PDF for free of cost and prepare whenever you want.

1. Look at these sentences:
I shouted and he ran up.
I called her but she gave no answer.
(i) प्रथम वाक्य में I shouted और he ran up में एक-एक subject और एक-एक finite verb हैं।
(ii) उसी प्रकार दूसरे वाक्य में I called her तथा she gave no answer में भी एक-एक subject और एक-एक finite verb हैं।
(iii) इस प्रकार प्रत्येक subject+verb वाले अंश को clause कहते हैं।
(iv) ऊपर के वाक्यों में and तथा but से दोनों clauses को जोड़ा गया है।
clause शब्दों के उस समूह को कहते हैं जो किसी वाक्य का अंश (part) हो और जिसमें एक Subject और एक Finite verb हो।

Kinds of Clauses

Clause मूलतः तीन प्रकार के होते हैं –
(i) Main clause या Principal clause
(ii) Subordinate clause या Dependent clause
(iii) Co-ordinate clause

Main Clauses

2. Look at these sentences:
This is the pen which I like.
Sunday is the day when I am least busy.

(i) इन वाक्यों में This is the pen/Sunday is the day – Main clauses हैं। Main clause it Principal clause या Independent clause भी कहा जाता है।
जो Clause स्वस्तः पूर्ण अर्थ रहता है, और किसी अन्य clause पर आश्रित नहीं रहता, उसे main या principal clause कहते हैं।

Subordinate Clauses

3. Look at these sentences:
I do it because I like it.
I hoped that was true.
Don’t talk while she is singing.
He must stay where he is.

(i) ऊपर के वाक्यों में टेढ़े अक्षरों में लिखे हुए clauses Subordinate clauses हैं।
जो Clause अपने अर्थ की पूर्णता के लिए Main Clause या अन्य Clause पर आश्रित रहता है उसे Subordinate (या Dependent) Clause कहते हैं।

(i) निम्नलिखित Conjunctions से शुरू होने वाले clauses Subordinate clauses होते हैं: as, because, since, before, till, after, while, when, if, unless, though, although, lest, in order that, as soon as provided, that, as if, that, whether, which, where, why, how, as much as, according as, than इत्यादि

Co-ordinate Clauses

4. Look at these sentences:
Govern your passion or they will govern you. (2 clauses joined by or)
I came, I saw, I conquered. (3 clauses separated by comnas)
To err is human : to forgive; divine. (2 clauses separated by a semicolon)
(i) जो clauses एक ही rank या order (सामान महत्त्व) के होते हैं. Co-ordinate clauses कहलाते हैं।
(ii) ये साधारणः Co-ordinate conjunctions and, or but इत्यादि द्वारा जुड़े रहते हैं या कभी-कभी conjuctions के बदले comma या semi-colon का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
(iii) मुख्य Co-ordinating conjunctions निम्नलिखित हैं; and, but, or, still, yet, as well as, both….and, either ….or, however, neither….nor, neither, nor, otherwise, else, for, so, not only….but also, nevertheless इत्यादि।

Compound Sentence

1. Look at these sentences:
God made the country – Simple sentence
Man made the town – Simple sentence
(i) यदि इन दो Simple sentences को किसी conjunction से जोड़ दें तो इनमें प्रत्येक को clause कह सकते हैं। जैसे:
God made the country and man made the town. इस वाक्य में दो clauses हैं और यह Compound sentence है:
(i) God made the country.
(ii) (and) man made the town.

Use of Co-ordinating Conjunctions

आगे कुछ Co-ordinating conjunctions का list और उनसे शुरू होने वाले compound sentences के उदाहरण दिए जा रहे हैं:
and : Man discovered fire and learnt to cook.
but : We knocked at the door, but no one answered.
or : Hurry up or you will be late.
Yet : He is poor, yet he is happy.
still : The best doctors are attending on him, still he is not out of danger.
for : The only lady does not go out in the winter, for she feels the cold a great deal.
so : The man had a stomach pain, so we took him to a doctor.
otherwise : You should better go now, otherwise you will miss your train.
either…or : You may either stay in the hostel or stay at home.
not only…bot also : The enemy not only captured the city, but aslo killed several soldiers.
as well as : He was punished as well as fined.
therefore : He is laborious, therefore he will succeed.
neither…nor : The old man could neither read nor write.
nor : He cannot speak, nor can he write.
else : Walk quickly, else he will overtake you.
nevertheless : I did my best, nevertheless I failed.

Complex Sentence

1. Look at these sentences :
I know the reason why he was so angry.
That is the house that I would like to buy.
(i) ऊपर के वाक्यों में I know the reason तथा That is the house Main clauses हैं।
(ii) इन्हीं वाक्यों में why he was so angry तथा that I would like to by subordinate clauses हैं।
(iii) Subordinate clauses why तथा that से शुरू हुए है। Why तथा that Subordinate conjunctions हैं।
ऊपर के दोनों वाक्य Complex sentences हैं।

जिस वाक्य में एक Main clause (या Principal clause) और एक या एक से अधिक Subordinate clauses रहें उसे Complex Sentence कहते हैं।

We wish the knowledge shared regarding MP Board Solutions for Class 8 Special English Grammar Clause Questions and Answers has been helpful to you. If you need any further help feel free to ask us and we will get back to you with the possible solution. Bookmark our site to avail the latest updates on different state boards solutions in split seconds.