Prasanna

MP Board Class 8th Sanskrit परिशिष्टम्

MP Board Class 8th Sanskrit पुस्तक में दिये गये पद्यांशों का हिन्दी अनुवाद

1. संस्कृतस्य सेवनम् (संस्कृत की सेवा हो)

संस्कृतस्य सेवन………… संस्कृतं विराजताम्॥

भावार्थ :
संस्कृत की सेवा हो अर्थात् संस्कृत भाषा का व्यवहार हो एवं संस्कृत के लिए मानव जीवन हो तथा संसार के कल्याण की वृद्धि के लिए मानव शरीर समर्पित हो।-
(क) अपने कार्य की गरिमा का स्मरण करते हुए तथा विघ्न रूपी सागर को पार करते हुए अपने लक्ष्य की सफलता को दृष्टिगत (समक्ष) रखते हुए मैं स्वयं परिश्रम करता हूँ। जिससे प्रत्येक व्यक्ति तथा प्रत्येक घर में संस्कृत पहुँच सके तथा इसकी निरन्तर गतिशीलता हो सके तब लगाकर संस्कृत के प्रचार-प्रसार के लिए कदम बढ़ता रहे।

(ख) मैं सम्पत्ति की कामना नहीं करता हूँ और न भोगैश्वर्य साधन जन्य सुख की भी कामना करता हूँ अपितु संस्कृत की उन्नति के अतिरिक्त मैं किसी अन्य विषय को उसके समान आदर नहीं देता हूँ। अस्तु संस्कृत को अपने गौरवपूर्ण स्थान तक पहुँचाने के लिए अपने जीवन को दाँव पर लगातार प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को कमर कसनी होगी।

(ग) मेरे द्वारा यह जो वाणी कही गयी है, वह निश्चय ही कथित वाणी सुदृढ़तया अटल सत्य हो और साथ ही कहे जाते हुए भाव को प्राप्त कर पुनः-पुनः चिरकाल तक यही वाणी विराजमान हो। यह संस्कृत भाषा भारतभूमि का आभूषण है तथा सभी वाणियों का विशेषतः आभूषण है और साथ ही भारतीय संस्कृति का प्रचार-प्रसार करने वाली होने से संस्कृत सर्वथा विराजमान होती रहे।

2. चिरवीना संस्कृता एषा (जो कभी पुरानी न हो ऐसी यह संस्कृत भाषा है।)

चिरनवीना संस्कृता ……….”अनुपमा सरसा॥चिरनवीना॥

भावार्थ :
जो कभी पुरानी न हो ऐसी यह संस्कृत भाषा है। यह देवताओं की भाषा है। जो कभी पुरानी न हो ऐसी यह संस्कृत भाषा है।

बहुत बड़ा जनसमुदाय इसमें श्वांस लेता है अर्थात् इसे बोलता है। इसमें अति प्राचीन वेद और साहित्य है अर्थात् हमारे बहुत प्राचीन वेद और साहित्य इसी संस्कृत भाषा में लिखे हुए हैं।

शास्त्रों से भरी, स्मृतियों के विचारों से युक्त और सर्वश्रेष्ठ कवियों के काव्यों के सार से रंग-बिरंगी सुन्दर पेटी वाली सुन्दर संस्कृत भाषा है।

वाल्मीकि और वेदव्यास मुनियों के द्वारा रचित रामायण और महाभारत महाकाव्य इसी भाषा में है।

कायरता के दोष से युद्ध से रुके हुए पार्थ (अर्जुन) को उसके युद्ध रूपी कार्य में लगाने वाली श्रीमद्भगवद् गीता को भगवान श्रीकृष्ण के द्वारा कही गयी है, इसी संस्कृत भाषा में है।

यह संस्कृत भाषा भारत में बोली जाने वाली मातृभाषाओं की भी मातृभाषा है। यह भारतीयों की राष्ट्रभाषा होने के योग्य है जिससे भाषा का विरोध समाप्त हो जायेगा। यह बात हमेशा पूरे जोर-शोर से हम कहते हैं। यह भारतीयों की भाषा है, और अत्यन्त मधुर है।

MP Board Class 8th Sanskrit Solutions

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Chapter 31 Europe: Economic Features

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 31 Text Book Questions

Match column ‘A’ with column ‘B’:

Answer:
1. (d) Wheat
2. (a) Grapes
3. (b) Watches
4. (e) Load and unloading
5. (c) Sparse population

Fill in the blanks:

1. More than ………….. per – cent of the population of Europe depend on agriculture for their livelihood.
2. ………….. is known as the “Bread Bowl” of the world.
3. …………… is made from sugar beat.
4. …………… is the capital of France.
5. ……………. of the population of Europe is literate.

Answer:

1. 15%
2. Ukraine
3. Sugar
4. Paris
5. 90%

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 31 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is meant by mixed farming?
Answer:
Combination of cultivation of crops and rearing of animals in the same system is called mixed farming.

Question 2.
Which types of crops are cultivated in the Mediatarranean region?
Answer:
The cultivation of juicy fruits is done in the Meditarranean region.

Question 3.
Write the name of any four coal producing countries of the world.
Answer:
Germany, Poland, Russia and Ukraine.

Question 4.
Which countries of Europe produce wind energy?
Answer:
Holland, Belgium and Denmark are the countries of Europe which produce wind energy.

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 31 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the industrial development of European countries.
Answer:
Europe is the center of modern industries. The most important industry of Europe is iron and steel industry. This industry developed coal and iron are found there in plenty. The countries which lead in this industry are Russia, Germany, Italy, France, Poland, Britain, Romania, Spain, Belgium and Czech Republic.

Besides heavy industries like railway engines and coaches, Motor – cars, Ships, Aircraft, Engineering goods, etc, other goods like electric goods, chemicals, Oil Refineries, Cement etc. are also manufactured. Switzerland, Denmark, Belgium, Austria etc.

are famous for watches, electric goods, medicines, and cosmetic products. Not only mineral based industries are flourishing but agriculture based industries can also be found in abundance in the European countries.

For example we can mention flour industry, biscuits and bread industry, sugar industry, woolen and silk industry, butter, cheese, milk powder from milk etc. The woods of Taiga region are used to manufacture paper and paper pulp and artificial fibers. In this way Europe has made great progress in die field of industries.

Question 2.
How have the mineral resources helped in the development of industries?
Answer:
Europe is famous for its mineral wealth. Due to the availability of minerals in huge quantity the countries of Europe have made great progress in the field of industries. The important minerals found in Europe are coal, iron, oil and natural gas. Needless to say that these are very essential for economic development. Germany, Poland, Russia, Ukraine, Czech Republic are famous for coal production.

Iron is found in Russia, Sweden, France, Britain, Spain and Czech Republic. Petroleum is found in Russia, Poland, UK and Romania. Besides these manganese, sulpher, mica, tin, gold, copper, potash and limestone are also extracted. Wind energy is produced in Holland, Belgium and Denmark.

Map works – mark the following in the map of Europe:

1. Fruit cultivating area
2. Three countries famous for milk production
3. Paris, London, Rome, Berlin and Madrid cities.

Answer:

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Chapter 29 Asia: Economic Resources

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 29 Text Book Questions

Choose the correct alternatives:

Question 1.
Coal is found in abundance in:
(a) Russia
(b) Malaysia
(c) Java
(d) Pakistan
Answer:
(a) Russia

Question 2.
The silk route is related to:
(a) India
(b) Sri Lanka
(c) China
(d) Japan
Answer:
(c) China

Question 3.
The important Petroleum producing country:
(a) Kuwait
(b) India
(c) China
(d) Sri Lanka
Answer:
(a) Kuwait

Fill in the blanks:

1. Most of the population of Asia is engaged in …………..
2. The largest tin producing country in Asia is …………….
3. ………….. is the largest Railway of the world.
4. Suez is a …………… which joins red sea and the ………….

Answer:

1. Agriculture
2. Malaysia
3. Trans – Siberian Railway
4. Canal, Mediterranean Sea.

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 29 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the countries where iron is found.
Answer:
India, China and Russia.

Question 2.
Name the major Crops of Asia.
Answer:
Rice, wheat, maze, sugarcane, tea, silk, jute, rubber, tobacco, spices and fruits.

Question 3.
Write the name of the main cities which are connected with the Trans-Siberian Railway.
Answer:
The Trans-Siberian Railway extends from Moscow, the capital of Russia to Vladivostok.

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 29 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the importance of agriculture as the important economic resources of Asia?
Answer:
The vast population of Asia depends upon agriculture. The main occupation of the people in the alluvial riverie plains, like the Indus – Ganga plains, Yang – Tse – Kiang and Hwnag Ho plains, Iirawady and Metkong plains is agriculture. The bulk of Asia’s population is found here.

Crops are grownnot only inplains but they also cultivable in the foothills of mountains and plateaus. The main crops grown in Asia are rice, wheat, maze, sugarcane, tea, silk, jute, rubber, tobacco, spices and fruits. The silk of China and rubber of Indonesia help in consolidating the economy of these countries.

Question 2.
How do the transport resources of Asia help in its economic development?
Answer:
In Asia China, Japan, India, Singapore, Pakistan, Bangladesh etc. are those countries where the roads have been developed on a large scale. It has helped in the development of trade and industry and the economy of these countries. The Trans – Siberian Railway is the world’s longest Railway. It extends from Moscow, the capital of Russia to Vladivostok. It has contributed a lot to its economic development In the same way India, China, Japan etc.

have developed railway network. It has helped in the economic development of these countries. The Suez Canal joins the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. It has great importance in Asia’s trade. The countries of Southwest Asia and East Asia and the other industrialized countries of the world have come closer to each other through this route. It has also increased their trade. Almost all the big cities of Asia are connected by Airways. Hong Kong, Tehran, Singapore, Shanghai, Tokyo etc. are connected by air routes.

Depict the following in the map of Asia:

1. Rice producing area
2. Rubber producing area
3. Coal producing country
4. Petroleun producing country

Answer:

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Chapter 30 The Continent of Europe: Physical Features

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 30 Text Book Questions

Match the following:

Answer:
1. (b) Caspian Sea
2. (d) Taiga
3. (a) Albums peak
4. (c) Reindeer
5. (d) Mount Blanca

Fill in the blanks:

1. Europe is the ……………. largest continent in the world in area.
2. The largest river of Europe is ………….
3. The major part of Europe lies in the …………… zone.
4. The highest peak of the Alps is ……………
5. …………… mountains form the eastern frontiers of Europe.

Answer:

1. sixth
2. Volga River
3. temperate
4. Mount Blanca
5. Ural.

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 30 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the latitudinal extent of Europe.
Answer:
Europe is located between 37° to 72° North latitude.

Question 2.
Which river of Europe drains itself into the Black Sea?
Answer:
The Danube river drains itself into the Black Sea.

Question 3.
The climate of Europe is influenced the most by which wind?
Answer:
The climate of Europe is influenced the most by the westerly winds.

Question 4.
What are the main features of Meditarranean vegetation?
Answer:
The main features of Meditarranean vegetation are:

• The trees are of short height but the roots are very deep.
• The leaves are small, thick and fleshy.

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 30 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the climate and vegetation of Europe.
Answer:
In the Western Europe the climate is marine type. In this climate die winters are cool not cold, and the summers are warm and not hot. Winters are foggy. The rainfall is well distributed all over the year and the temperature is equable. Such climate is found in Central and Eastern Europe. This part of the continent is far from die moderating influence of the westerlies and the ocean. It has Continental climate where it is extreme hot in summer, cold in winter.

The range of temperature is very great Rainfall is moderate. In southern European countries surrounding the Mediterranean the winters are warm and summers are dry. In the summer the region comes under the influence of sub-tropical high pressure belt It, combined with off-shore winds rales any possibility of rain.

In the winter the region comes under the influence of the rain bearing westerlies. In the region situated in the North of Arctic Circle the summers are brief, days are long and warm. The sun is visible at night also. For die major part of the year the region is covered with snow. Precipitation is much less and it is in the form of snow only. This type of climate is known as Tundra climate.

Question 2.
Describe the physical features of Europe.
Answer:
Europe has been divided into four physical divisions:

1. The North western Highlands
2. The Great European Plains
3. The Central Plateaus
4. The Southern Alpine Mountains

1. The North Western Highlands:
In the North western part of Europe there are mountains and plateaus. Their extent is more in the countries like Norway and Sweden. The coast line of Norway is indented, ragged, long and narrow and the deep arms of the sea between high cliffs penetrate into the land. Here the land is not fit for cultivation. Hence population is very thin.

2. The Great Europe Piains:
They are spread from France at the Atlantic coast to the European part of Russia at Ural Mountains. They are widest in Russia and go on narrowing towards the west It extends from the white sea in the north to the Southern plateaus and mountain in the south. There plains are very fertile. The important rivers are Volga, Danube, Seine, the Rhine, the Alvin, the Order etc.

3. The Central Plateau:
A series of mountains and plateaus are spread to the Southern part of the European plains. They are notoriety high. It is not fit for agriculture.

4. The Southern Alpine Mountains:
To die south of the old mountains live a chain of young and high mountain. These mountains extend from Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Caspian Sea in the east The most important among them is die Alps Mountain. Mount Blanca is the highest peak of the Alps.

Map Work:
Mark the following in the map of Europe:

1. The Alps and Seandinarian mountains
2. Seine, Rhine and Volga river
3. Taiga region
4. Iceland and Norway
5. Baltic Sea, Meditarranean Sea, Black Sea and White Sea.

Answer:

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Chapter 28 Asia: Physical Features

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 28 Text Book Questions

Fill in the blanks:

1. The largest continent in the world is …………….
2. ……………… is the highest mountain peak of the world.
3. The plains of Northern part of Asia is known as ……………….
4. The plateau which lies in the ……………… central part of Asia is known as the roof of the world.
5. High pressure area is formed in …………… the part of Asia during winters.
6. …………… receives the highest rainfall in the world.

Answer:

1. Asia
2. Mount Everest
3. Siberian Plain
4. Pamir
5. Central
6. Mansynram.

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 28 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which oceans surround the continent of Asia?
Answer:
The continent of Asia is surrounded by oceans on three sides. The Arctic Ocean in the north, the Pacific Ocean in the east and the Indian Ocean lies to the south of the continent.

Question 2.
Write the names of any two mountains and any two plateaus of Asia.
Answer:
Name of two mountains:

1. Ural Mountains
2. The Central Mountains Name of two plateaus
3. The Pamir plateau
4. The Tibetan Plateau.

Question 3.
Into how many physical features do we divide the continent of Asia? Write their names.
Answer:
The continent of Asia can be divided into five physical features. Their names are:

1. The northern lowlands
2. The central mountains
3. The southern plateaus
4. The great river valleys
5. The island groups.

Question 4.
Write any two factors which influence the climate of Asia.
Answer:
The two factors which influence the climate of Asia:

• Its vast size.
• Great latitudinal extent in the central mountains and plateaus.

Question 5.
Write any two differences between the vegetation found in the Northern and Southern part of Asia.
Answer:
Two differences between the vegetation found in the Northern and Southern part of Asia is:
1. The Northern part of Asia experiences extreme cold. But its Southern part has evergreen climate.

2. The vegetation found in the North empart are lichens, jherberi, mosses etc. which can withstand the extreme cold. The vegetation found in die Southern part are evergreen trees like spruce, fir and pine.

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 28 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe in detail the relief of the continent of Asia.
Answer:
The continent of Asia consists of the highest mountain ranges, lowlands and plains. It maybe divided into five major.

physical divisions:
1. The North Lowlands:
It is a vast plain which extends between the Ural Mountains in die west, Lena river in the east and the Central Mountains in the south, known as the ‘Siberian Plain’, it is drained by rivers like Ob, Yenisei and Lena Lake Baikal, die deepest lake of die world is located in Siberia.

2. The Central Mountains:
The folded mountains and plateaus lie in the south of the northern lowlands. The Pamir plateau is a meeting place of several ranges, which form the Pamir knot This plateau is known as die ‘Roof of the World’, because it is the highest plateau in the world. The Tibetan plateau lies to the east of the Pamir plateau. Himalayas are the highest mountain ranges of the world. Mount Everest is situated in the Himalayas.

3. The Southern Plateaus:
To the south of the central mountain belt, there’ are some plateau which form the major part of the peninsula projecting southwards from the mainland of Asia. These plateaus are the plateau of Arabia, the Deccan plateau and the plateau of Yunnan.

4. The Great River Valleys:
To the east and south of Asia are found riverineplains. In the south are the Sindhu, Ganga, Brahmaputra plains, in the southeast are the plains formed by rivers Irrawady, Salvin, Yang-Tse-Kiang, Sikiang, Minang- Mekong and Amursar.

5. The Island Groups:
Some groups of islands are situated to the south-east and east of the continent of Asia. There are three major island groups-Indonesia, Philippines and Japan.

Question 2.
Describe the climate and wild life of the continent of Asia.
Answer:
Climate:
The southern part of the continent is situated near the equator and hence, remains hot and humid throughout the year. The northern part remains covered with snow as it is situated away from the equator.

During the summer season die rays of the sun falls vertically on the Northern Hemisphere. The temperature rises and a low – pressure area is developed over Central Asia. The moisture laden winds start blowing from the seas to the low pressure. These winds are known as southwestern monsoon winds.

Asia experiences the cold weather season during Oct-Dec. in the North  part of the Central mountains. High pressure builds over Central Asia The wind starts blowing from High pressure (Central Asia) to low pressure area (Southern Asia). Wild Life of Asia-In the northern part of Asia where die area is covered with snow throughout die year reindeer, polar bear, seal and whales are found.

In the south where die climate is hot and humid and deciduous forests are spread, lion, tiger, deer, elephants, wild buffaloes and rich rocuous etc. are die main wild life found. In die western dry and desert area sheep, goats, camel, ass and gazelle are found.

Map Work:

1. The Pamir plateau
2. The Deccan plateau
3. The Himalayan mountains
4. The Ural mountains
5. The Ganga river
6. Yang-Tie-kiang river
7. The Siberian plateau
8. The Ganga-Brahamaputra river
9. The Indonesian group of islands
10. Japan is group of islands.

Answer:

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Solutions Chapter 4 Interdependence

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Chapter 4 Interdependence

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Chapter 4 Text Book Exercise

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Chapter 4 Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Question (a)
What are the basic needs of human beings?
Answer:
The basic needs of human beings are food to eat, cloths to wear and homes to live in.

Question (b)
Where are corns, vegetables and fruits produced?
Answer:
Corns, vegetables and fruits are produced in villages to town from villages.

Question (c)
What were the needs of human beings in the ancient times?
Answer:
The life of the people in ancient times was very simple. They had very few needs. They got water from nearby rivers or ponds. The grain produced in their villages provided them with food. The earth, dried grass and wood were used to build the houses.

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Chapter 4 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 2.
Question (a)
What is interdependence? Explain.
Answer:
The dependence on each other to complete a work or fulfill a need is called interdependence.

Question (b)
Why is there a need of interdepenedence? Explain the interdependence of countries with examples?
Answer:
The increase and diversity of the needs became the reason for interdependence.

Countries depend on each other for things which are not available or available in very little quantity. For example, our country has to depend on other countries for petroleum products i.e., diesel, petrol and kerosene; modern equipments and arms for the army. We get these from countries which produce them.

On the other hand, we send spices, tea, cement, ready – made garments to other countries.

Question (c)
What is the importance of interdependence in the life of citizens?
Answer:
The citizen’s life is dependent on mutual help. In the family, school and neighbourhood, there is a need of mutual help. In your school you must have some rules which are essential for every teacher and student to follow. The work, we do as a rule, is called duty. The life of citizens depend on mutual help and performance of duty.

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks:

1. Our citizen’s life depend on mutual …………. and ……………
2. All types of ………….. are not produced in every area.

Answer:

1.  help, performance
2. things

Project Work

Question 1.
Find out about the services provided by the railways, postal department, telegraph and telephone departments. How do we depend on them?
Answer:
We depend on railway service for travelling and transport; postal, telegraphic, telephone services for communication. These are all the important needs, so we depend upon on these services.

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Solutions Chapter 3 The Family and the Society

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Chapter 3 Text Book Exercise

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Chapter 3 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Question (a)
What is the unit of family?
Answer:
Father, mother, brother and sister together constitute a family. In bigger families grandfather, grandmother, uncles, aunts also live with their children. This type of family is called joint family.

Question (b)
How is a person known in society?
Answer:
A person known in society through the relationship with the neighbour and other families.

Question (c)
Who is considered to be the first teacher of a child?
Answer:
Parents are considered to be the first teacher of a child.

Question (d)
What occupations are taken up by people in a society?
Answer:
The occupations taken up by people in a society are interdependence among people, the spirit of working together, respect for the ideas of others and the capacity to analyse social events in a right manner.

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Chapter 3 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 2.
Question (a)
What do you understand by a nuclear and joint family?
Answer:
A nuclear family is usually small family consisting of father, mother, brother and sister. A joint family, on the other hand, also has grandfather, grandmother, uncles, aunts and their children.

Question (b)
How a society is formed? What evils can be controlled by the society?
Answer:
A society is a network of social relations. In fact, a society is formed by the relationship among many families. Man is a social animal, so man lives in a family and society. Many problems come in the life of a man, like selection of a partner for marriage and bringing up children and educating them. The members of the family and their family friends help to resolve these problems.

A society can control many social evils like child – marriage, large families not giving elementary education to children.

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks:

1.  …………. accept the responsibility of their children naturally.
2. A small family is considered to be ……………. family.
3. The unit of the family is ……………
4. The unit of the society is …………..

Answer:

1. parent
2. an ideal
3. individual
4. system

Project Work

Question 1.
Make a list of five nuclear familes and five joint families. Observe one nucelar family and one joint family. Write a note on their activites, interdependence and social relation?
Answer:
Please do with the help of your teacher.

Question 2.
Observe the food habits, life style, traditions and festivals of people around you. Write a brief report on them?
Answer:
Please do with the help of your teacher.

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 8th Maths Solutions Chapter 9 बीजीय व्यंजक एवं सर्वसमिकाएँ Ex 9.4

प्रश्न 1.
द्विपदों को गुणा कीजिए –

1. (2x + 5) और (4x – 3)
2. (y – 8) और (3y – 4)
3. (2.5l – 0.5m) और (2.51+ 0.5m)
4. (a + 3b) और (x + 5)
5. (2pq + 3q²) और (3pq – 2q²)
6. (\(\frac{3}{4}\)a² +3b²) और 4 (a² – \(\frac{2}{3}\)2b²)

हल:
1. (2x + 5) x (4x – 3)
= (2x × 4x – 3) + 5 (4x – 3)
= 2x × 4x – 2x × 3 + 5 × 4x – 5 x 3
= 8x² – 6x + 20x – 15
= 8x + 14x – 15 (समान पदों को जोड़ने पर)

2. (y – 8) x (3y – 4) = y × (3y – 4) – 8 (3y – 4)
= y × 3y – y × 4 – 8 × 3y + 8 × 4
= 3y² – 4y – 24y + 32
= 3y² – 28y + 32

3. (2.51 – 0.5m) x (2.51 + 0.5m)
= 2.51 (2.51 + 0.5m) – 0.5m (2.51 + 0.5m)
= 6.25l² + 1.25lm – 1.25lm – 0.25m²
= 6.25l² – 0.25m²

4. (a + 3b) x (x + 5) = a x (x + 5) + 3b (x + 5)
= ax + 5a + 3bx + 3b x 5
= ax + 5a + 3bx + 15b

5. (2pq + 3q²) (3pq – 2q²)
= 2pq x (3pq – 2q²) + 3q²(3pq – 2q²)
= 2pq x 3pq – 2pq x 2q² + 3q² x 3pq – 3q² x 2q2
= 6p²q² – 4pq² + 9pq³ – 6q⁴
= 6p²q² + 5pq³ – 6q⁴

6. (\(\frac{3}{4}\)a² + 3b²) = 4 (a² – \(\frac{2}{3}\)b²)
= (\(\frac{3}{4}\)a² + 3b²) + (4a² – \(\frac{8}{3}\)b²)
= \(\frac{3}{4}\)a²(4a² – \(\frac{8}{3}\) b²) + 3b³ (4a² – \(\frac{8}{3}\)b²)
= 3a⁴ – 2a²b² + 12a²b² – 8b⁴
= 3a⁴ – 10a²b² – 8b⁴

प्रश्न 2.
गुणनफल ज्ञात कीजिए –

1. (5 – 2x) (3 + x)
2. (x + 7y) (7x – y)
3. (a² + b) (a + b²)
4. (p² – q²) (2p + q)

हल:
1. (5 – 2x) x (3 + x) = 5 x (3 + x) – 2x × (3 + x)
= 15 + 5x – 6x – 2x²
= 15 – x – 2x²

2. (x + 7y) x (7x – y) = x × (7x – y) + 7y x (7x – y)
= 7x² – xy + 49xy – 7y²
= 7x² + 48xy – 7y²

3. (a² + b) x (a + b²) = a² x (a + b²) + b x (a + b²)
= a + a²b² + ab + b²
= a³ + a²b² + ab + b³

4. (p² – q²) x (2p + q) = p² x (2p + q) – q² x (2p +9)
=2p³ + p²q – 2pq² – q³
= 3p³ + p²q – 2pq² – q³

प्रश्न 3.
सरल कीजिए –

1. (x² – 5) (x + 5) + 25
2. (a² + 5) (b³ + 3) + 5
3. (t + s²)(t² – s)
4. (a + b)(c – d) + (a – b) (c + d) + 2(ac + ba)
5. (x + y (2y + y) + (x + 2y) (x – y)
6. (x + y) (x² – xy + y)
7. (1.5x – 4y) (1.5x + 4y + 3) – 4.5x + 12y
8. (a + b + c) (a + b – c)

हल:
1. (x² – 5) (x + 5) + 25
=x² × (x + 5) – 5 x (x + 5) + 25
=x³ × 5x² – 5x – 25 + 25
= x³ + 5x² – 5x

2. (a² + 5) × (b³ + 3) + 5
= a² x (b³ + 3) + 5 x (b³ + 3) + 5
= a²b³ + 3a² + 5b³ + 15 + 5
= a²b³ + 3a² + 5b³ + 20

3. (t + s²) (t² – s) = t × (t² – s) + s² + (t² – s)
= t³ – ts + s²t² – s³

4. (a + b)(c – d) + (a – b)(c + d) + 2(ac + bd)
= a (c – d) + b(c – d) + a(c – d) – b(c + d) + 2ac + 2bd
= ac – ad + bc – bd + ac + ad – bc – bd + 2ac + 2bd
= (1 + 1 + 2)ac + (- 1 + 1) ad + (1 – 1)bc (- 1 – 1 + 2)bd
= (4ac + (0) ad + (0) bc + (0) bd
= 4ac

5. (x + y) (2x + y) + (x + 2y) (x – y)
= x(2x + y) + y x (2x + y) + x × (x – y) + 2y (x – y)
= 2x² + xy + 2xy + y² + x² – xy + 2xy – 2y²
= 2x² + x² + xy + 2xy – xy + 2xy + y² – 2y²
= 3x² + 4xy – y²

6. (x + y) (x² – xy + y²)
= x × (x² – xy + y²) + y x (x² – xy + y²)
= x³ – x²y + xy² + x²y – xy² + y³
= x³ – x²y + x²y + xy² – xy² + y³
= x³ + y³

7. (1.5x – 4y) (1.5x + 4y + 3) – 4.5x + 12y
= 1.5x (1.5x + 4y + 3) – 4y(1.5x + 4y + 3) – 4.5x + 12y
= 2.25x² + 6.0xy + 4.5x – 6.0xy – 16y² – 12y – 4.5x + 12y
= 2.25x² + 6.0xy – 6.0xy + 4.5x – 4.5x – 12y + 12y – 16y²
= 2.25x² – 16y²

8. (a + b + c)(a + b – c) = a (a + b – c) + b(a + b – c) + c(a + b – c)
= a² + ab – ac + ab + b² – bc + ac + bc – c²
= a² + b² – c² + ab + ab – ac + ac – bc + bc
= a² + b² – c² + 2ab

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 158

प्रयास कीजिए (क्रमांक 9.8)

प्रश्न 1.
सर्वसमिका (I) में b के स्थान पर – b रखिए। क्या आपको सर्वसमिका (II) प्राप्त होती है?
हल:
सर्वसमिका (I) से, हम प्राप्त करते हैं
(a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b²
b के स्थान पर – b रखने पर,
{a + (-b)}² = a² + 2a(- b) + (- b)²
(a – b)² = a – 2ab + b² (सर्वसमिका II)
हाँ, सर्वसमिका (I) में b के स्थान पर – b रखने पर हमें सर्वसमिका II प्राप्त होती है।

प्रयास कीजिए (क्रमांक 9.9)

प्रश्न 1.
a = 2, b = 3,x = 5 के लिए सर्वसमिका (IV) का सत्यापन कीजिए।
हल:
हम जानते हैं कि सर्वसमिका
(x + a) (x + b) = x² + (a + b)x + ab
a = 2
b = 3 तथा
x = 5 रखने पर,
L.H.S. = (x + a) (x + b)
= (5 + 2) (5 + 3)
= 7 x 8 = 56
R.H.S. = x² + (a + b)x + ab
= (5)² + (2 + 3)5 + 2 x 3
= 25 + 25 + 6 = 56
∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
अत: a = 2, b = 3 और x = 5 के लिए सर्वसमिका (IV) का सत्यापन होता है।

प्रश्न 2.
सर्वसमिका (IV) में a = b लेने पर आप क्या प्राप्त करते हैं? क्या यह सर्वसमिका (I) से सम्बन्धित है?
हल:
हम जानते हैं कि सर्वसमिका (IV)
(x + a) (x + b) = x² + (a + b)x + ab
इसमें a = b रखने पर, हम प्राप्त करते हैं –
(x + b) (x + b) = x² + (b + b)x + b x b
= x² + 2bx + b²
अथवा
x + 2ax + a
हाँ, यह सर्वसमिका (I) से सम्बन्धित है।

प्रश्न 3.
सर्वसमिका (IV) में a = – c तथा b = – c लेने पर, आप क्या प्राप्त करते हैं। क्या यह सर्वसमिका (II) से सम्बन्धित है?
हल:
सर्वसमिका (IV) से, x = – c रखने पर हम प्राप्त करते हैं –
[x + (- c)] [x + (- c)] = x² + (- c – c) x + (- c) (- c)
या (x – c) (x – c) = x² – 2cx + c²
(x – c)² = x² – 2cx + c²
हाँ, यह सर्वसमिका (II) से सम्बन्धित है।

प्रश्न 4.
सर्वसमिका (IV) में b = – a लीजिए। आप क्या पाते हैं? क्या यह सर्वसमिका (III) से सम्बन्धित है?
हल:
सर्वसमिका (IV) में b = – a लेने पर, हम पाते हैं –
(x + a) {x + (- a)} = x² + (a – a)x + (a)(- a)
या (x + a) (x – a) = x² – a²
हाँ, यह सर्वसमिका (II) से सम्बन्धित है।

MP Board Class 8th Maths Solutions

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Solutions Chapter 2 The Primitive Man

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Chapter 2 Text Book Exercise

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Question (a)
How did the primitive man made their tools?
Answer:
1. In the Paleolithic Age tools were made by simply breaking the stones. In the Mesolithic Age, the tools became lighter and sharper. Hard and strong stones were used in making these tools. The speciality of these stones were that they could be easily chipped and given desired shape.

2. In the beginning tools were made of such stones which were easy to hold in hands. Gradually man learnt the art of making handles of the tools. The power of the tools were increased by fixing wooden butts as handles.

Question (b)
What different uses of stone tools were made by primitive man?
Answer:
Primitive man used stone tools to hunt animals, to chop meat, to cut wood and to dig up tubers and roots.

Question (c)
Where are rock – paintings found in Madhya Pradesh?
Answer:
In Madhya Pradesh rock-paintings are found in the districts of Raisen, Hoshangabad and Mandsaur.

Question (d)
How did the primitive man protect themselves from animals?
Answer:
The primitive man protected themselves from animals by burning the fire at the entrance of the caves.

Question (e)
How was fire discovered? How did the primitive man benefit from it?
Answer:
It is assumed that the discovery of fire was by accident. When two flint stones were struck against each other, it created sparks which caused leaves to burn. In this way man learnt to light a fire. Fire was very useful to them for light, roasting meat and protection from wild animals.

Question 2.
Give detailed answer to the following:

Question (a)
Explain the evolution of the primitive man?
Answer:
1. The early human beings could not talk clearly, so they might have used different sounds to convey information. When they saw fruits high up on the trees, they balanced their bodies and stretched their front limbs to pluck the fruits.

2. This way their front limbs became independent which they started using for digging, holding and picking. They started using the back limbs to walk. In this manner they had hands and legs.

3. In this way, changes gradually occurred in the body of human beings. For example, when they stood on their feet, they were able to see far, and to see nearby they turned their neck instead of the whole body.

4. They used their hands to pluck fruits, collect food and eat it. At this time they started sleeping on their back. The ability of thinking was also rapidly developed with the changes in the body. Also, at this time the sounds of laughter and cry became clear.

5. With the continuous changes occurring in human beings, he started thinking about the basic needs like food, protection and shelter.

Evolution of man:

Question (b)
How did primitive man learn agriculture and animal husbandary? Elaborate.
Answer:
1. In India cultivation started 5,000 to 6,000 years ago, growing plants and grain was an important discovery. Now, man had learnt that by putting seeds into the soil and watering the soil, plants would grow. This was the beginning of agriculture. He could grow his own food. So, he started living at one place and settled him as an agriculturist.

2. Along with cultivation man also learnt animal husbandary. He began rearing a number of useful animals. He used them for different tasks:

1. Use of dogs in hunting.
2. Use of bullocks in farming.
3. Cows, goats and buffaloes for milk.
4. Sheep, bulls and goats for meat.
5. Horses for riding.

Question 3
Write notes:

Question (a)
Discovery of fire?
Answer:
1. In the Paleolithic Age tools were made by simply breaking the stones. In the Mesolithic Age, the tools became lighter and sharper. Hard and strong stones were used in making these tools. The speciality of these stones were that they could be easily chipped and given desired shape.

2. In the beginning tools were made of such stones which were easy to hold in hands. Gradually man learnt the art of making handles of the tools. The power of the tools were increased by fixing wooden butts as handles.

Question (b)
Discovery and uses of wheel?
Answer:
Wheel was a very important discovery of the early man. It led to a big advance in the pattern of man’s living. Its discovery made life very much easy in a number of ways. Man now discovered carts which were drawn by animals. People now could travel easily from one place to other. It also helped in movement of objects. It improved the making of pottery.

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Miscellaneous Questions 2

Choose the correct answer

Question 1.
The founder of the slave dynasty was:
(a) Mohammed Ghori
(b) Ill-tutmish
(c) Qutub-ud-din Aibak
(d) Alauddin Khilji
Answer:
(c) Qutub-ud-din Aibak

Question 2.
The Chariman of the National Human Rights Commission is appointed by:
(a) Prime Minister
(b) President
(c) Governor
(d) Chief Minister
Answer:
(b) President

Question 3.
The first battle of Panipat was fought in:
(a) 1526 AD
(b) 1556 AD
(c) 1529 AD
(d) 1527 AD
Answer:
(a) 1526 AD

Question 4.
The percentage of land area on earth is:
(a) 71%
(b) 72%
(c) 28%
(d) 29%
Answer:
(d) 29%

Question 5.
Spring tide occurs on:
(a) Fifth day
(b) full moon day
(c) 8th day
(d) 4th day
Answer:
(b) full moon day

Fill in the blanks:

1. The founder of the Khilji dynasty was ………….
2. Guru Nanak was bom in ………….. village.
3. The tenure of the Vice President is …………….. year.
4. ………….. is used to measure rainfall.
5. There are …………….number of seasons in India.

Answer:

1. Alauddin Khilji
2. Talwandi
3. Five years
4. Rain grange
5. three.

Match column ‘A’with column ‘B’

Answer:
1. (b) Issue of copper coins
2. (c) Riddles-mukris
3. (a) Iqta system
4. (e) Witty, advisor
5. (d) Waves

Answer the following questions in detail:

Question 1.
What are effects of ocean currents on human life?
Answer:
Ocean currents are streams of water flowing constantly in a definite direction at or near the surface of the ocean.
Ocean currents are caused by prevailing or planetary winds. They are also caused by die variation of temperature. The variation of saline water in the sea water causes ocean currents.

The ocean currents influence the climate of the regions such as coastal areas or islands. The warm currents raise the temperature whereas the cold currents reduce the temperature. Due to warm currents the harbors at higher latitudes remain, open through out the jar i. e. The harbors of Norway and Japan. The warm winds blowing over warm currents absorbs a lot of moisture and the nearby areas receive lots of rainfall.

Question 2.
Describe the administrative set up of Shershah.
Answer:
Shershah was an efficient administrator. The interest of the people ranked above everything. He started many reforms in military administration, land revenue etc that was followed by Akbar. Shershah divided his empire into Sarkars, which were again subdivided into parganas.

Officer in charge of sarkars and panganas were periodically transferred. He enforced equal law for justice and introduced a reformed system of currency. The silver coin known as the Rupee which lasted throughout the Mughal period and was maintained by the East India company down to 1835 AD.

Question 3.
Explain the process of the formation of Vidhan Sablia.
Answer:
The representatives of the Vidhan Sabha are elected in such a way that the seats are proportionately represented. If a person is elected from more than one constituency then he will have to resign from the rest retaining only one seat If there is a controversy about the election of any candidate, then a petition can be filed in the High court. After accepting the petition, the High Court gives its verdict It can also be against the candidate.

A person can appeal to the Supreme Court if the Verdict goes against him. The verdict of the Supreme Court is final.
The term of Vidhan Sabha is 5 years. In a case of emergency, it can be dissolved, Vidhan Sabha has a speaker and a Deputy Speaker. The Speaker conducts the business of the state Vidhan Sabha. The Deputy Speaker discharges duties in the absence of the Speaker.

Question 4.
What are the advantages of Ocean?
Answer:

• Rain on land – All the rain on land are due to the evaporation of sea water. Rains are useful for vegetation, animal life and human beings.
• Balance of temperature – Ocean shelp to maintain balance of temperature on land.
• Means of transport – The international trade is possible because of the oceans and seas, which joins the continents.

Question 5.
Write the main features of the architecture of the Sultanate period.
Answer:

• The caste rules were strictly followed. The women did not enjoy much freedom and the purdah system became very common.
• The practice of child marriage, polygamy and sati stystem was prevalent in the society.

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Miscellaneous Questions 2 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the market control policy of Alauddin Khilji.
Answer:
Alauddin controlled prices in the market Those traders who did not sell goods at fixed prices or who weighed something less, were given severe punishment.

Question 2.
Write the advantages of tides.
Answer:

• The tides help in fishing.
• They increase the depth of the shallow harbors. This helps in bringing ships into the harbors.
• They increase the depth of estuaries.
• They keep rivers deep enough so to help ships placed in the rivers.

Question 3.
What is meant by ordinance?
Answer:
Ordinance is the order of the Chief Executive issued at a time when the Legislature is not in session. As soon as the legislature is convened, the ordinance is approved by it. If the legislature does not approve them, they are withdrawn.

Question 4.
Write about the progress made in the field of architecture during the reign of Shahjahan.
Answer:
Under Shahjahan Mughal architecture reached die climax. He built magnificent buildings, forts, mosques, tombs in Agra, Lahore, Delhi, Kabul, Kandhar, Ajmer, Ahamdabad etc. He built Moti-Masjid, Diwan-e-Aam, Diwan-e-Khas in the Fort at Agra. The most famous building of his time is the Tajmahal. It is made of white marble. It is regarded as jewel in the builder’s art.

Question 5.
Write a short note on cyclonic rains.
Answer:
When the hot and cold air meet, die hot air rises upwards and the cold air rushes to occupy the low-pressure area in the center. As a result there is circular movement which causes the whirling air in the center to rise upwards. This rising air cools down, condenses and brings rains. This type of rainfall is called cyclonic rain.

Question 6.
Explain the main features of Akbar’s Mansabdari system.
Answer:
‘Mansabdari System’ was a special feature of the Mughal rule. By ‘Mansab’ is meant a post or title. Each ‘Mansabdar’ was recognised as big or small as per the number of soldiers under him. It ranged between 10,000 to 50,000 soliders and the emperor could use their armies as per his wishes.

Question 7.
What was the effect of Bhakti movement on the life of the people?
Answer:
Bhakti movement had a great effect on the Indian society. The leaders of this movement used die local language which put great impact on the minds of die common people. This movement helped in arousing consciousness among people. It removed the false notions and bad practices. It also tried to bring the society together by bridging the gap between Hindu and Muslim.

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions