MP Board Class 11th Biology Important Questions Chapter 1 The Living World

Students get through the MP Board Class 11th Biology Important Questions Chapter 1 The Living World which are most likely to be asked in the exam.

MP Board Class 11th Biology Important Questions Chapter 1 The Living World

The Living World Class 11 Important Questions Very Short Answer Type

Question 1.
Who is regarded as Father of taxonomy?
Answer:
Carolus Linnaeus is regarded as Father of taxonomy.

Question 2.
What are Autotrophs?
Answer:
Organisms which can produce own food by photosynthesis are called as Au-totrophs.

Question 3.
Who proposed five Kingdom classification?
Answer:
R. H. Whittakar (1969) proposed Five Kingdom classification.

Question 4.
What is species?
Answer:
Group of similar interbreeding organisms are called as species.

Question 5.
What is natural system of classification?
Answer:
System of classification based on morphological characters of the living organ-isms is called as natural system of classification.

Question 6.
What is artificial system of classification?
Answer:
Classification based on one or few characteristics of the organisms is called as Artificial system of classification.

Question 7.
Name two books written by Linnaeus and write his two contributions.
Answer:
Books written by Linnaeus :

• Species Plantarum,
• Systema Naturae.

Two contributions of Linnaeus :

1. Proposed two Kingdom classification,
2. Proposed Binomial nomenclature system for living organisms.

Question 8.
Define Taxa and Category.
Answer:

• Taxa :
  The taxa are the groups of animals, generally groups of species. e.g., Fishes, Birds, Mammals etc.
• Category :
  Each taxon is placed at some level is hierarchy. A category distinguishes rank or level in a hierarchic classification. Species is the basic unit or lowest category and kingdom is the highest category.

Question 9.
Give correct scientific name of mango out of following : Mangifera Indica; Mangifera indica.
Answer:
Mangifera indica is the correct scientific name of mango.

Question 10.
Identify correct sequence of classification :
(a) Species → Order → Phylum → Kingdom.
(b) Genus → Species → Order → Kingdom.
(c) Species → Genus → Order → Phylum.
Answer:
Correct sequence of classification is :
(c) Species → Genus → Order → Phylum.

The Living World Class 11 Important Questions Short Answer Type

Question 1.
Why classification of living organisms is needed?
Answer:
In nature approximately 22,50,000 species are found. It is not possible for man to study all the plants and animals during his lifetime. Therefore, classification of all these organisms is necessary to make their study easy. In addition to it, classification also makes following easy:

• It helps to understand diversity in plants and animals.
• It helps us to establish the natural relationship among organisms.
• It helps us to identify the organism.
• It helps us to understand about origin of the organisms and their relationship.
• It gives us evidence for organic evolution, thus helps us to understand organic evolution.

Question 2.
Give Scientific names of following organisms :
1. Onion,
2. Man,
3. Elephant,
4. Tapeworm,
5. Frog,
6. Wheat,
7. Rice,
8. Mustard,
9. Pea,
10. Mango.
Answer:
Common name – Scientific name

1. Onion – Alium sepa
2. Man – Homo sapiens
3. Elephant – Elephas indicus
4. Tapeworm – Taenia solium
5. Frog – Rana tigrina
6. Wheat – Triticum aestivum
7. Rice – Oryza sativa
8. Mustard – Brassica compestris
9. Pea – Pisurn sativum
10. Mango – Mangifera indica.

Question 3.
Why classification changes time to time?
Answer:
Classification changes time to time due to evolution. Evolution causes formation of new species, which are then added to the old classification.

Question 4.
On the basis of which of the following you will like to classify the people you meet:
Dress, Mother tongue, State where they live, Economic standard etc.
Answer:
First of all we classify the people we meet on the basis of their mother tongue, then the state where they live, at the end their dress, religion, species and physical appearance is considered.

Question 5.
What Knowledge we gain by identification of Individual and Population?
(NCERT)
Answer:
By identification of individual and population we can understand about inter-relationship between all organisms. It helps to understand about similarity and dis-similarity between living organisms.
e.g., There are two different species of potato :
Genus – Species
Solarium – tuberosum
Solanum – nigrum.

Question 6.
Define Taxon. Give some examples of taxa in hierarchical classification.
Answer:
Taxon is a group of living organisms. Each taxa is placed at some level of hierarchy.
e.g., Insect represent a class of phylum Arthropoda. Presence of three pairs of jointed legs is the similar characteristic of insects.
Example of Taxa are various categories such as kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species, which altogether forms hierarchic classification.
Modern Taxa or Classification of Man :
Kingdom – Animalia
Phylum – Chordata
Class – Mammalia
Order – Primates
Family – Hominidae
Genus – Homo
Species – sapiens.

Question 7.
Write the basic characters of five kingdom classification.
Answer:
Five kingdom classification is proposed on the basis of:

1. Complexity of cell structure : Prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
2. Complexity of the body of the organism: Unicellular and multicellular.
3. Mode of nutrition : Autotrophs and heterotrophs.
4. Life style.
5. Phylogenetic relationship.

Question 8.
What do you understand by binomial nomenclature? Also write the scientific name of any two organisms on the basis of binomial nomenclature.
Answer:
Binomial nomenclature :
Nomenclature is the naming of plants or animals. Binomial nomenclature system is a system of naming plants and animals which was introduced by Carolus Linnaeus. According to this system every organism is given two names a generic name followed by a specific name or epithet. The generic name (i.e., name of genus) is a noun and the specific epithet is an adjective indicating which of the several members of the genus has been considered. Both the names are written in italics.

The generic name is always capitalized while specific name is written in small letters, e.g., the zoological name of frog on the basis of this system is Rana tigrina. Here Rana indicates generic name while tigrina indicates its specific name. Binomials when written should always be underlined and when printed they must be italicized.

Scientific name of two organisms :
General name – Scientific name

1. Frog – Rana tigrina
2. Man – Homo sapiens.

Question 9.
Explain phylogenic line.
Answer:
Phylogenic line :
The evolutionary history of an organism is called phylogeny and various species of phylogeny are called phylogenic line. Phylogenic line indicates the sequence of evolution of a species.

The body of well developed organism is formed from a single cell, various changes occur in the cell and finally it is developed into an organism. The first unicellular organism is evolved on the earth like that of above process, then various changes occurred according to environment thus, various species evolved. In this phylogenic line organisms of kingdom monera appeared for the first time, from which protists have evolved. The kingdom plantae, animalia and fungi evolved from kingdom protista in various lines.

Question 10.
Explain the utility of five kingdoms classification.
Answer:
Significance or utility of five kingdoms classification :

• Prokaryotic organisms are placed under separate kingdom in this classification.
• Unicellular and multicellular organisms are grouped separately.
• Fungi are placed in separate kingdom due to variation in their mode of nutrition.
• Photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organisms are grouped separately.
• This classification is more natural than binomial classification.
• The basis of this classification is bio-organization and mode of nutrition, hence it shows the sequence of evolution.

Question 11.
Write the name at least two examples of five kingdoms of organism.
Answer:
Five kingdoms as proposed by Whittaker are as follows :

1. Kingdom Monera : e.g., (i) Rhizobium, (ii) Nostoc.
2. Kingdom Protista : e.g., (i) Amoeba, (ii) Euglena.
3. Kingdom Plantae : e.g., (i) Brassica compestris (Mustard), (ii) Mangifera indica (Mango).
4. Kingdom Fungi: e.g., (i) Rhizopus, (ii) Agaricus.
5. Kingdom Animalia : e.g., (i) Homo sapiens (Man), (ii) Ratus ratus (Rat).

Question 12.
Write down the utility of systematics.
Answer:
Utility of Systematics :

• Systematics provide us with a means to study a group of organisms and get a fair idea about the essential features of organisms belonging to that group.
• Systematics provide a tool to identify fossils and newly discovered organisms.
• Systematics is complementary to all branches of basic and applied biology. It is required for the identification of any organism of interest to us whether it be economically useful, harmful, dangerous, disease producing, a pest or a parasite.
• Systematics provide basic information required in many disciplines of agricultural, medical and veterinary science.
• Systematics allow us to know about diversity, relationships and evolutionary tendencies amongst organisms.

Question 13.
What is two kingdom classification? Write its utility.
Answer:
Carolus Linnaeus classified all the living organisms into two main kingdoms :

1. Plantae (including all plants),
2. Animalia (including all animals).

Utility of two kingdom classification are :

• It has put together the unicellular with multicellular organisms.
• It has put together eukcaryotes (organisms with true nucleus in their cells), with procaryotes (organisms without true nucleus).
• It has put together autotrophs and heterotrophs, such as non-photosynthesizing fungi with photosynthetic green plants.
• It has little regard for diversified form.
• Lichens is a peculiar group of dual organisms which are formed by an association between an algae and fungus. They have neither plant character, nor any animal character.
• Group of unicellular algae (e.g., euglenoids, diatoms and dianoflagellates) and Protozoa show sufficient degree of resemblance.

Question 14.
Differentiate between :
(a) Monera and Protista,
(b) Autotroph and Heterotrophs,
(c) Plantae and Fungi.
Answer:
(a) Differences between Monera and Protista

Monera	Protista
1. The cells of organism of this kingdom are Prokaryotic	The cells of organism of this kingdom are Eukaryotic.
2. Their flagella and cilia do not exhibit 9 + 2 arrangement	Their flagella and cilia exhibits 9 +2 arrangement.
3. Bilayered membranous organelles are absent.	Double membranous cell organelles are present.
4. They reproduce asexually but protosexual proprocess is found in gene recombination.	Sexual and asexual both types of reproduction is present.

(b) Differences between Autotroph and Heterotrophs

Autotroph	Heterotrophs
1. Autotrophs prepare their own food by themselves	Heterotrophs do not prepare their own food but depend upon others.
2. They contain chlorophyll.	They do not contain chlorophyll.
3. In this, all green plants are present.	In this, all animals and fungi are present.
4. In this O2 is released.	In this O2 is not released.

(c) Differences between Plantae and Fungi

Plantae	Fungi
1. These are Autotrophs.	These are Heterotrophs.
2. They store food in the form of starch.	They store food in the form of glycogen.
3. Chlorophyll are present in cell.	Fungi do not possess chlorophyll.
4. Cell wall is made up of cellulose.	Cell wall is made up of fungal cellulose or chitin.

Question 15.
Define the following :
(i) Systematics,
(ii) Taxonomy,
(iii) Classification,
(iv) Identification,
(v) Nomenclature.
Answer:
(i) Systematics : It is a discipline which deal with the kinds and diversity of all organism and the existing relationships among themselves.
(ii) Taxonomy : It is the study of all plants and animals, their identification and classification.
(iii) Classification : It is defined as a system of arrangement of organisms into groups showing relationships.
(iv) Identification : It refers to the determination of correct position by an organism in the plan of classification.
(v) Nomenclature: It is the process of giving scientific names to the plants and animals.

Question 16.
What do you understand by trinomial nomenclature?
Answer:
Trinomial nomenclature :
Sometimes organisms of same species differs from each other as they are adapted for different kinds of environment. In such cases species are again divided into subspecies. The scientific name of such organisms consists of three words. The first word indicates generic name and begins with first letter as capital. The second word is species name and begins with first letter as small and the third word is the subspecies name which also begins with first letter as small. The system of naming the organisms using three words is called as Trinomial nomenclature. For e.g., the species of crow of different places are named as follow :

• Indian crow – Corvus splendens splendens
• Burmese crow – Corvus splendens insolens
• Crow of Sri Lanka – Corvus splendens protagalus.

The Living World Class 11 Important Questions Long Answer Type

Question 1.
What is Hierarchial System of classification? Explain it briefly.
Answer:
The term ‘Hierarch’ means a series of succession of different ranks. In biological classification, hierarchy is a system of arrangement where taxonomic categories are placed in order of logical sequence. There are seven hierarchies of categories or group in ranks which are placed one upon another and any species can be traced to these seven basic categories.

Kingdom is the highest taxonomic category, species is the lowest category of hierarchy that is grouped into genus based on common characteristics. The similar genus are grouped into a family and the similar families into an order, similar orders into a class and similar classes into a phylum. The similar phyla are grouped into kingdom.

Question 2.
Write down the outline of Five Kingdom Classification giving two examples of each? Also give the advantages of it.
Or
Write the name and one important basic features of five kingdom which proposed by Whittaker.
Answer:
Five Kingdom classification : It is divided into five groups, they are :

1. Kingdom Monera : It includes prokaryotic and unicellular organisms e.g., (a) Rhizobium, (b) Nostoc.
2. Kingdom Protista : It includes eukaryotic and unicellular organisms e.g., (a) Amoeba, (b) Euglena.
3. Kingdom Plantae: It includes multicellular organisms with photosynthetic pigments in plastids are present, e.g., (a) Pitcher plant, (b) Sundew plant.
4. Kingdom Fungi: It includes eukaryotic, multicellular organisms with heterotrophic mode of nutrition, e.g., (a) Agaricus, (b) Mucor.
5. Kingdom Animalia: It includes multicellular, heterotrophic made up to Eukaryotic cell, e.g., (a) Rana tigrina (Frog), (b) Panthera leo (Lion).

Question 3.
Give basis and demerits of five kingdom classification.
Answer:
Five kingdom classification is proposed on the basis of:

1. Complexity of cell structure : Prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
2. Complexity of the body of the organism : Unicellular and multicellular.
3. Mode of nutrition : Autotrophs and heterotrophs.
4. Life style.
5. Phylogenetic relationship.

Demerits or disadvantages of five kingdom classification :
There are many advantages of five kingdom classification therefore it is very popular and accepted by all scientists but still there are some shortcomings.

1. Unicellular algae are kept in kingdom protista whereas algae like multicellular organisms are kept in kingdom plantae. But similar organisms must be put together.
2. There is diversity in kingdom protista. Dissimilar organisms must not be kept in same group.
3. All organisms other than Moneron show that they are polyphyletic in origin. It is a great shortcoming of this classification.
4. There is no place for viruses in this classification.
5. Similar organisms are kept far from each other. For example unicellular and multicellular algae.

Question 4.
Collect all modern meaning of word ‘Species’. Can you discuss with your teacher to know about species of higher category of plants, animals and bacteria ?
(NCERT)
Answer:
The ‘Species’ was used for the first time by John Ray. According to him, Species is a population of individual having common gene pool. According to Mayer (1942), Species is group of inbreeding population. According to modem concept, the group of individuals having the following characteristic features is called a species:

• All the members inbreed freely.
• All the individuals of a population have common gene pool.
• Adaptation and natural selection is continued in the group according to environment.
• All the members of this group possess the capacity to produce new species by organic evolution.

Examples of Species of higher category plants are :
Mangifera indica (Mango), Solarium tuberosum (Potato) and example of higher category animals are : Panthera leo (Lion), Panthera tigris (Tiger), Eliphas indicus (Elephant). First word of all above examples are Generic name whereas second word of all above scientific names are species name. Such as indica for mango, tigris for tiger.

Whereas bacteria are classified into different groups on the basis of their shapes such as : Coccus (Spherical), Bacillus (Rod shaped), Vibrio (Comma shaped), Spirillum (Spiral shaped).

Question 5.
How key is useful to identify and classify living organisms?
Answer:
Following classification and nomenclature a taxonomist constructs a key to make it possible for other biologists to identify the species. A Key is a device by which each type in a group of organisms can be identified. A key provides convenient way for easy identification of an organism by applying diagnostic characters. There are two types of keys: (i) Biforked key, (ii) Bracketed key. An example of a key to identify a fish, frog, snake, bird, bat and cat is given below:

• Does the organism have external pinna : Yes (go to 2); No (go to 3)
• Does it fly : Yes (Bat); No (Cat)
• Does it fly : Yes (Bird); No (go to 4)
• Does it have limbs : Yes (Frog); No (go to 5)
• Does it have gills : Yes (Fish); No (Snake).

Question 6.
Explain following terms and define them :
(i) Phylum,
(ii) Class,
(iii) Family,
(iv) Order,
(v) Genus.
Answer:
(i) Phylum :
A group of one or more classes having certain common diagnostic characters but differ from other classes of other phyla in some diagnostic characters is called as Phylum.
e.g., Phylum Chordata includes classes pisces, amphibia, reptilia, aves and mammalia.

(ii) Class :
It consists of one or more orders having certain common characters which differs from order of other classes in some characters is called as class.
e.g., Class Mammalia includes orders primates (gorilla, man), carnivora (dogs, cats, lions) etc.

(iii) Family :
It is the taxonomic category containing one or more related genera having certain common characters, which is separated from other related families having certain different characters.
e.g., Family Felidae includes lion, leopard, tiger etc.

(iv) Order :
It consists of one or more families having certain common characters which differ from families of other orders in some diagnostic characters.
e.g., the order carnivora includes the Families Felidae (lion, leopard, tiger) and Family Canidae (dogs, foxes).

(v) Genus:
It is the second category of classification. Genus is group of similar species.
e.g., Genus Panthera includes Lion, Leopard and Tiger etc.

Question 7.
Explain taxonomic hierarchy by giving examples of plants and animals.
Answer:
In classification plants and animals are placed in various smaller and large groups. These groups are called as taxon and category. Hierarchy is a system of arrangement for classification in which taxonomic categories are placed in a subsequent way on the basis of characteristics and evolution of the organisms.

The hierarchy of categories consists of a descending sequence of seven categories, which are Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus and Species.

Lowest taxonomic category is species and the highest taxonomic category is Kingdom. Ascending sequence of these categories are :
Organisms of lowest categcxy species shows similarity but as we go to higher level towards kingdom similar characters decrease and dis-similarities increase.

The Living World Class 11 Important Questions Objective Type

1. Choose the correct answers:

Question 1.
Binomial nomenclature system was proposed by:
(a) Darwin
(b) Carolus Linnaeus
(c) Hugo deVries
(d) Mendel.
Answer:
(b) Carolus Linnaeus

Question 2.
Author of ‘Genera Plantarum’ is :
(a) Bentham and Hooker
(b) Linnaeus
(c) Engler
(d) Prantle.
Answer:
(a) Bentham and Hooker

Question 3.
Naked seeds are formed in :
(a) Algae
(b) Pteridophytes
(c) Gymnosperm
(d) Angiosperm.
Answer:
(c) Gymnosperm

Question 4.
Which of the following is most primitive vascular plant:
(a) Red algae
(b) Fern
(c) Brown algae
(d) Lichens.
Answer:
(b) Fern

Question 5.
Basic unit of modern classification is :
(a) Species
(b) Genus
(c) Both
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Species

Question 6.
Classification given by Linnaeus was artificial because :
(a) It is based on evolutionary tradition
(b) Similarity and dissimilarity in floral and other morphological characters are taken
(c) It is based on functional characters
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Similarity and dissimilarity in floral and other morphological characters are taken

Question 7.
Phylogenetic classification is given on the basis of:
(a) Developmental history
(b) Floral similarities
(c) All morphological characters
(d) Increasing complexity.
Answer:
(a) Developmental history

Question 8.
Five kingdom classification was proposed by :
(a) Whittaker
(b) Hooker
(c) Bentham
(d) Linnaeus.
Answer:
(a) Whittaker

Question 9.
Where sample of plants are collected :
(a) Herbarium
(b) Museum
(c) Botanical garden
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Herbarium

Question 10.
Place where living plants are collected :
(a) Botanical garden
(b) Museum
(c) Herbarium
(d) Zoological park.
Answer:
(a) Botanical garden

Question 11.
Place where living animals are collected :
(a) Museum
(b) Zoological park
(c) Botanical garden
(d) Herbarium.
Answer:
(b) Zoological park

Question 12.
Two Kingdom classification was proposed by :
(a) Aristotle
(b) Linnaeus
(c) Birbal Sahni
(d) Whittakar.
Answer:
(b) Linnaeus

Question 13.
Viruses contain:
(a) DNA
(b) RNA
(c) DNA and RNA
(d)DNA or RNA.
Answer:
(d)DNA or RNA.

Question 14.
Genus is a group of interrelated :
(a) Families
(b) Species
(c) Order
(d) Genera.
Answer:
(b) Species

Question 15.
Organism represent connecting link between living and non-living organisms is:
(a) Protozoans
(b) Viruses
(c) Euglena
(d) Bacteria.
Answer:
(b) Viruses

Question 16.
Algae partner of Lichen is called as :
(a) Phycobiont
(b) Mycobiont
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Phycobiont

Question 17.
According to Binomial nomenclature name of any organism consists of:
(a) Three words
(b) Two words
(c) Five words
(d) One word.
Answer:
(b) Two words

Question 18.
Highest taxon of the classification is :
(a) Class
(b) Phylum
(c) Genus
(d) Species.
Answer:
(b) Phylum

2. Fill in the blanks:

(A)
1. The lowest taxonomic category is ………………
Answer:
Species

2. An intermediate category between genus and order is ………………
Answer:
Family

3. Linnaeus proposed the …………….. system of classification.
Answer:
Binomial

4. The scientific name of man is ……………..
Answer:
Homo sapiens

5. The artificial system of plant classification was proposed by ……………..
Answer:
Linnaeus

6. In biology the Binomial nomenclature were proposed by …………………..
Answer:
Carolus Linnaeus

7. Spiral chloroplast is characteristic feature of ……………. algae.
Answer:
Green

(B)

1. Hereditary material of viruses is …………………
Answer:
DNA or RNA

2. Genus is the group of interrelated ………………..
Answer:
Species

3. Basie unit of modem classification is ……………..
Answer:
Species

4. Who is known as father of classification ………………….
Answer:
Carolus Linnaeus

5. Naked seeds are found in …………………..
Answer:
Gymnosperm

6. Write the botanical name of Pea ………………….
Answer:
Pisum sativum

3. Match the following:

(A) Match the following :

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Five kingdom classification	(a) Evolutionary history
2. Species	(b) Carolus Linnaeus
3. Phylogeny	(c) Kinds and diversity of organism
4. Two kingdom classification	(d) R.N. Whittakar
5. Systematic	(e) Lowest taxonomic category.

Answer:
1. (d) R.N. Whittakar
2. (e) Lowest taxonomic category.
3. (a) Evolutionary history
4. (b) Carolus Linnaeus
5. (c) Kinds and diversity of organism

(B)

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Second category of classification	(a) Kingdom
2. Group of similar genus	(b) Phylum
3. Group of similar family	(c) Genus
4. Group of similar phylum	(d) Order
5. Group of similar classes	(e) Family.

Answer:
1. (c) Genus,
2. (e) Family.
3. (d) Order
4. (a) Kingdom
5. (b) Phylum

4. Write true or false:

1. Homo sapiens is the classification of cow.
Answer:
False

2. Basic unit of classification is species.
Answer:
True

3. Five kingdom classification was proposed by Aristotle.
Answer:
False

4. Plant vimses have RNA.
Answer:
True

5. Genus is the group of interrelated species.
Answer:
True

6. Human being belongs to class Insecta.
Answer:
False

7. Phylum is the group of similar classes.
Answer:
True

8. Scientific name of human is Mangifera indica.
Answer:
False

5. Answer in one word:

1. First word of scientific name.
Answer:
Generic name

2. The basic unit of classification.
Answer:
Species

3. Kingdom which includes all prokaryotic organisms.
Answer:
Kingdom-Monera

4. Kingdom which includes all unicellular organisms.
Answer:
Kingdom-Protista

5. Stored food in fungi.
Answer:
Glycogen

6. Connecting link of living and non-living organisms.
Answer:
Viruses

7. Study of evolutionary history of an organism.
Answer:
Phylogeny

8. Scientific name of human.
Answer:
Homo sapiens.