Bhagya

MP Board Class 11th Special English Poems Important Questions

MP Board Class 11th Special English Chapter 1 Patriotism Important Questions and Answers

I. Read the following stanzas carefully and answer the questions given below : [M.P. 2015]

1. Breathes there the man with soul so dead,
Who never to himself hath said,
“This is my own, my native land! ”
Whose heart hath never within him burn’d,
As home his footsteps he hath turn’d,
From wandering in a foreign strand!

Questions :
(i) What meaning does the word ‘breathe’ convey?
(ii) Whose soul does the poet say is dead?
(iii) What does the poet imply by ……….. As home his footsteps he hath turned’?
(iv) Who has composed this poem?
(v) Find the antonyms the words ‘alive’ and ‘native’ from the lines given above.
Answers :
(i) The word ‘breathe’ stands for a person who is alive.
(ii) A person who does not love his native land.
(iii) Returning home.
(iv) Sir Walter Scott.
(v) Alive – dead, Native – foreign.

2. Despite Those titles, power and peef, [M.P. 2013]
The wretch, concentred all in self,
Living, shall forfeit fair renown?
And doubly dying shall go down.

Questions :
(i) Who is a ‘wretch’?
(ii) Why does the poet says the powerful man will lose his reputation?
(iii) Explain the meaning of the expression ‘doubly dying’
(iv) Find the word in the stanza similar in meaning of
(a) money, (b) lose.
Answers :
(i) A ‘wretch’ is a man who does not love his native land.
(ii) The poet says this because a man without love for his native land does not deserve any power.
(iii) The expressions ‘doubly dying’ means that a man without patriotic feeling is almost dead and after his real death no one remembers him. It is another death.
(iv) (a) pelf, (b) forfeit.

II. Answer the following questions in one sentence :

Question 1.
Whose soul does the poet say is ‘dead’?
Answer :
The soul of one who has no love for his native land is ‘dead’.

Question 2.
Who does the poet ask to mark well?
Answer :
One who does not love his native land.

Question 3.
What delights the minstrel?
Answer :
The return of a patriotic person to his motherland delights the minstrel.

Question 4.
How can a person doubly die? (Imp)
Answer :
An unpatriotic man is almost dead and after his real death no one remembers him which is another death.

Question 5.
What is meant by ‘vile dust?
Answer :
“Vile dust is used in the sense that is given birth to a person without love for his native land.

III. Answer the following questions in 100 to 150 words :

Question 1.
What happens to a person who returns home from a foreign land? (M.P. 2012)
Answer :
The return of a person from a foreign land is a matter of great joy. It is his love and attraction to his native land that brings him home. He feels proud. He is confident and proudly declares that ‘this is my home, my native land all the time. He feels delight of his feeling and love for nation. People welcome him with all pride and pleasure. The minstrel entertains him with all his art and skill. He is given honour and name and fame. He becomes an ideal man. He makes his country great. He brought all laurels for his native land. Such a person becomes a role model. The nation feels proud to have such a patriotic son of the soil.

Question 2.
What does the poet mean by ‘for him so minstrel raptures swell’?
Answer :
The poet in this poem deals with the theme of patriotism. He feels that a man who loves his country is great. He is the real son of the soil. The poet hardly believes that there would be anyone who has no love for his native land. There is perhaps no one whose soul is not ecstatic at the feeling of his land. A person with such a feeling of love for nation is worthy of all our praise and honour. Whenever he returns home after wandering from foreign lands, he is welcomed warmly. But the man with no such feeling is a bad name for the nation. He does not deserve any praise or honour. No minstrel tries to praise him or honour him.

Question 3.
Write a note to justify the title of the poem.
Answer :
The poem Patriotism deals with the similar theme of patriotism. All through the poem, the poet talks about the man who has love for his native land. Such a man gets praise and position everywhere. Minstrels honour him with all pleasure. Even after his death he is remembered forever. His death becomes a national mourning. The poet also talks about the person who has no patriotic feeling for his nation. Such a man does not deserve any praise. Despite his power and position, he lives unknown and dies unnoticed. No one weeps for him. As the poem only present the aspects of patriotism, the title becomes appropriate.

Question 4.
What are the attributes of a patriot? (M.P. 2009)
Answer :
A patriot deserves all kinds of honour and affection. He is given high respect by his countrymen. If he comes back from foreign countries, he is worthy of reputation. If he comes back from foreign countries, he is warranty received by them. Minstrels praise him highly in their notes. Even after death, he is paid tribute by weeping countrymen. The people of entire nation remember his death. Poets admire him through poem. The writers praise him in their essays and volumes. He never dies unwept, unhonoured and unsung.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Chapter 4 The Brook Important Questions and Answers

I. Read the given extracts from the poem carefully and answer the questions given below:

1. I come from haunts of coot hern;
I make a sudden sally
And sparkle out among the fern,
To bicker down a valley.

Questions :
(i) What is the birth place of the brook?
(ii) What type of poem is it?
(iii) What does the word bicker point out?
(iv) Name two water birds mentioned in the passage?
(v) How does the brook come out after its birth?
Answers :
(i) The birth place of the brook is actually the haunt of water birds like coot and hern.
(ii) It is an autobiographical poem.
(iii) The word bicker point out the noise created by the brook when it flows.
(iv) The two water birds mentioned are coot and hern.
(v) The brook gushes out in a sudden sally after its birth.

2. I chatter over stony ways,
In title sharps and trebles,
I bubble into eddying bays,
I babble on the pebbles, (Imp)

Questions :
(i) What does the word “heater points out”?
(ii) What difference do these two words ‘bubble’ and ‘babble’ point out?
(iii) Choose the word which point outs movement and one word which points out sound?
(iv) Choose an aliteration from the stanza.
(v) What figure of speech is used in the stanza.
Answers :
(i) The word ‘chatter’ points out that while passing over the stony ways it is creating heavy noise.
(ii) The word bubble points out that when the brook flows in the spiral movement of water its noise is lost. But when it strikes on the pebble it
produces a high pitched sound as if expressing its happiness.
(iii) The word which points out movement is bubble and the word which points out sound is babble.
(iv) The aliteration used in ‘bubble-bays’.
(v) In this poem brook has been personified. Brook has been indicated as a human being.

3. I slip, I slide, I gloom, I glance
Among my skimming swallows
I make the netted sunbeam dance
Against my sandy shallows. (Imp)

Questions:
(i) Which words points out its carefree nature?
(ii) What does the word ‘netted’ point out?
(iii) How is ‘I responsible for making sunbeam dance?
(iv) Explain the picturesque view of the stanza in a sentence or two.
Answers :
(i) The carefree nature is pointed out by the words: slip, slide, gloom, galnce.
(ii) The word ‘netted’ means captured.
(iii) The brook is making the rays of its sun to flicker light on its flowing water. It seems as if the sun rays are dancing on the brook.
(iv) The brook passes along the shallow by filtering along the sun rays falling on it.

4. Tilt last by Philips farm
I flow To join the brimming river.
For men may come and men may go
But I go on for ever (Imp)

Questions :
(i) What does it cross before reaching teh phillips farm?
(ii) What does the expression brimming river point out?
(iii) What paralletism does this poem have with man?
(iv) What lesson there lines teach you?
(v) Choose a word which means ‘full’.
Answers :
(i) Before reaching the philips farm it eroses the hills, ridges, towards and bridges.
(ii) The enpression brimming river point out that the river is overflowing with water as the brook brings walis in it.
(iii) The parallelism that this poem have with man is that men may go but the brook keeps on flowing for ever.
(iv) These lines teach us a lesson that we should be strong and determined.
(v) ‘Brimming is the word which means “Full’. II. Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each :

Question 1.
Who is the ‘l’ in the poem and what does he do throughout the poem?
Answer :
The ‘I’ in the poem is the stream. He flows and flows throughout the poem and never stops.

Question 2.
Identify the places that the brook travels through. Make a list of the items.
Answer :
A list of the items :

• thirty hills
• twenty hamlets
• fifty bridges
• philip’s form
• many fields and fallows
• many lawns and grassy plots.

Question 3.
Where does the brook flow to an what happens in the end? (Imp)
Answer :
The brook flows to the river. Along with the river water it continues its movement on forever.

III. Explain the following:

(i) For men may come and men may go,
But I go on forever.
Answer :
Generation after generation of men come and die but the brook continues to flows forever. The movement of brook is a never-ending process. It means that men may come and go but the world goes on as ever.

(ii) I chatter over stony ways,.
In little sharps and trebles
I bubble into eddying bays
I babble on the bays.
Answer :
The brook is a small stream. It creates tremendous noise where it passes over the stony ways. When it flows in the circular movement of water its noise is reduced. But when it strikes in the pebble it produces shall sound as if expressing its happiness.

(iii) What is the poet referring to when he says:
And draw them all along, and flow
To join the brimming river.
Answer :
The poet explains the onward movement of the brook which moves on and on to join the brimming river. All over its way it crosses and meets with many foamy flakes, silver water-break, golden gravel. It takes them all with its flow and gives them too a larger meaning to their existence.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Chapter 6 Cherry Tree Important Questions and Answers

I. Read the following stanzas carefully and answer the questions that follow them :

1. Since I placed my cherry seed in the grass, (Imp)
“Must have a tree of my own, I said,
And watered it once and went to bed
And forgot.

Questions :
(i) Who is ‘I’ in these lines?
(i) What did ‘l’ do eight years ago?
(iii) Why did ‘I’ do so?
(iv) What did ‘I’ do after that?
(v) Give a word from the stanza which is opposite to ‘remembered’.
Answers :
(i) ‘I’ in these lines is the poet-the narrator.
(ii) l’ placed a cherry seed in the grass eight years ago.
(iii) ‘I’ did so thinking it to be a tree of his own.
(iv) ‘I’ watered it once and then forgot it.
(v) ‘Forgot’.

2. Goats ate the leaves, the grass cutter’s scythe
split it apart and a monsoon blight
Shrivelled the slender stem …………. Even so.

Questions :
(i) What is being talked about her in these lines?
(ii) What did the goats do to it?
(iii) What did the monsoon blight do to the tree?
(iv) How was the tree split apart?
(v) Give a word from the above stanza similar in meaning to ‘thin’.
Answers :
(i) A little cherry tree is being talked about here.
(ii) The goats ate the leaves of the tree.
(iii) The monsoon blight made its stem shrivelled and slender.
(iv) The tree was split apart by the grasscutter’s scythe.
(v) ‘slender’.

3. Eight years have passed
Since I placed my cherry seed in the grass.
“Must have a tree of my own,’ I said,
And watered it once and went to bed
And forgot, but cherries have a way of growing,
Though no one’s caring very much or knowing.

Questions
(i). Where did the poet plant the cherry seed?
(ii) Why did he do so?
(iii) What mistake did he commit?
(iv) What does the poet mean byʻ….cherries have a way of growing?
(v) Find the antonyms the words “remembered’ and ‘little’ from the lines given above.
Answer:
(i) The poet planted the cherry seed in the grass.
(ii) He wanted to have a tree of his own.
(iii) He forgot to water the plant.
(iv) Unlike other plants which require constant care, cherries grow unattended. –
(v) remembered = forgot, little = much.

II. On the basis of the reading of the poem, answer the questions :

Question 1.
What difficulties did the cherry tree face in growing up? (Imp)
Answer :
The difficulties that the cherry tree faced in growing up were that: he it was not watered. It was suppressed by the tall, wild grass, Goats often ate up its leaves. Grasscutter scythe it and split it apart.

Question 2.
What is the miracle? How was it caused by time and rain? (Imp)
Answer :
The miracle is something that is thought to be done by some divine or super natural power. Here, time and rain caused the growth and bloom of the cherry tree despite all its difficulties.

Question 3.
What does the poet refer to in ‘five month’s child?
Answer :
The poet refers to the cherry tree as ‘five month’s child.

Question 4.
The poet says, Its arms in fresh fierce lust’. What do ‘Its arms’ stand for?
Answer :
Its are stand for the branches of the cherry tree.

Question 5.
Mention two things that the poet saw when he was trying to look at the sky through the leaves of the cheery tree.
Answer :
The two things that the poet saw when he was trying to look at the sky through the leaves of the cherry tree were.
(i) The finches which flew and flitted.

(A) What is the poet trying to say in the expression ‘cherries have a way of growing? (Imp)
Answer :
By the expression cherries have a way of growing the poet means to say that cherry is tree and hence a natural object. Nature has its own way to protect its world. So, despite all hurdles the cherry tree grows and blooms. There is no power which can stop the process of nature.

(B) What do you understand by the following expression?
Write a sentence for each expression to bring out its meaning :
1. grass running wild
2. monsoon blight
3. growing pains
4. sleepiest breeze
5. dappled green
6. blue blind sky
7. fresh fiercest lust.
Answer :
1. Grass running wild : The cherry tree is covered with grass that has grown on it.
2. Growing pains : The monsoon blight has adversely affected the growth of the plant.
3. Growing pains : I was very much depressed at the growing pains at every step.
4. Sleepiest breeze : The sleepiest breeze soothed my hurt feelings.
5. Dappled green : It was strange to see the bees drinking nectar through dappled green.
6. Blue blind sky: The blue blind sky fascinated me.
7. Fresh fierest lust : No fresh fierest lust could affect my way.

III. Objective Type Questions :

Choose the correct answer from the giving options :
(i) The poem ‘Cherry Tree’ has been composed by:
(Ruskin Bond, P.B. Shelley, William Wordsworth, None of these)

(ii) The poet compares the small cherry plant with a :
(kid, young boy, an adult person, five month child)

(iii) The poet loves the cherry tree very much and call it :
(the national tree, the international tree, the tree of his own)

(iv)“Shrivelled the slender stem …………. Even so” is the example of:
(simple metaphor, alliteration, none of these)
Answers :
(i) Ruskin Bond.
(ii) five month child.
(iii) the tree of his own.
(iv) alliteration

MP Board Class 11th Special English Chapter 7 Mercy Tree Important Questions and Answers

I. Read the following stanzas carefully and answer the questions given below :

1. The quality of mercy is not strained; (M.P. 2009, 11)
It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven
Upon the place beneath. It is twice blest
It blesseth him that gives, and him that takes.

Questions :
(i) What is talked about in these lines?
(ii) How does the poet qualify, mercy?
(iii) For whom is the mercy a bliss?
(iv) Give a word from the stanza similar in meaning to ‘forced’.
Answers :
(i) Mercy is talked about here in these lines.
(ii) The poet qualifies mercy as gentle rain from heaven.
(iii) Mercy is a bliss both for the giver and the taker.
(iv) Strained.

2. It is enthroned in the hearts of kings,
It is an attribute to God himself.
And earthly power then show likest God’s
When mercy season’s life……….

Questions :
(i) What does mercy do with the king?
(ii) What is mercy?
(iii) When it becomes a divine grace?
(iv) Give a word from the above stanza which is opposite in meaning to dethroned.
Answers :
(i) Mercy is enthroned in the hearts of kings.
(ii) Mercy is an attribute to God. It is unearthy power.
(iii) It becomes divine grace when combined with justice.
(iv) To enthroned.

II. Write answer of the following questions in one sentence :

Question 1.
But mercy is above this sceptred sway. Explain.
Answer :
It is above the sceptred sway because it is enthroned in the hearts of the kings.

Question 2.
Why does the poet believe that ‘earthly power then show likest God’s when mercy seasons justice…….?
Answer :
The poet tells so because it appears to be God when it administers justice.

Question 3.
His scepter shows the force of temporal power,
The attribute to awe and majesty,
(a) What is an attribute to awe and majesty?
(b) What does show the force of temporal power?
Answer :
(a) An attribute to awe and majesty is force.
(b) The scepter shows the force of temporal powers.

Question 4.
It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven.
Upon the place beneath. It is twice blest.
It blesseth him that gives, and him that takes.
(a) What is mercy compared above lines?
(b) How is mercy twice-blessed.
Answer :
(a) Mercy is compared with the gentle rain that drops from heaven. :
(b) Mercy is double blessings. On the one hand, it is a boon for the one who gives and a blessing for the other who takes.

III. Write the answer to the following questions in two or three sentences each :

Question 1.
What is the quality of mercy?
Answer :
Mercy is a super divine power. It is not a binding obligation but self-generating thing.

Question 2.
What makes mercy twice-blessed?
Answer :
On the once hand mercy falls upon the giver as a gift of God and on the other it obliges the taker.

Question 3.
What does quality a monarch more-mercy or throne, Why?
Answer :
It is mercy that qualifies a monarch more. A monarch, by showing mercy, can win the hearts of his subjects.

Question 4.
What does the scepter show?
Answer :
It shows the force of temporal power.

Question 5.
What is an attribute of God himself?
Answer :
It is mercy itself.

Question 6.
What happens when mercy is tempered with justice?
Answer :
When mercy is tempered with justice, it becomes divine.

IV. Write answer to the following questions in about 150 words :

Question 1.
How does mercy bless the giver and the taker alike? (Imp)
Answer :
Mercy is a human virtue. When combined with justice, it becomes divine grace. Then it transcends worldly power. One who shows mercy finds himself in a state of fulfilment. In this way Mercy blesses the giver and the taker alike.

V. Objective Type Questions :

Choose the correct answer from the giving options :
(i) The poem “Mercy’ has been composed by: [M.P. 2013]
(John Keats, William Shakespeare, P.B. Shelley, S.T. Coleridge)

(ii) The poem “Mercy’ is an extract from Shakespeares :
(The merchant of Venice, Mid Summer Nights dream, Othello, Twelfth Night)

(iii) “It dropeth as the gentle rain from heaven”. It is an example of:
(an alliteration, simple, personification)

(iv) According to the poet’s view mercy is :
(British quality, divine quality of man, rare quality, the quality of every living being)
Answers :
(i) William Shakespeare.
(ii) The merchant of Venice.
(iii) Alliteration.
(iv) Divine quality of man.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Chapter 9 To a Skylark Important Questions and Answers

I. Read the following stanzas carefully and answer the questions given below :

1. Hail to thee, blithe spirit !
Bird thou never wert
That form heaven or near it
Pourest they full heart
In profuse strains of unpremeditated art.
Higher still and higher
From the earth thou springest, like a cloud of fire,
The blue deep thou wingest,
And singing still does soar and soaring ever singest.

Questions :
(i) Who is ‘Thee’ in these lines?
(ii) What does the poet mean by ‘blithe spirit?
(iii) What does the bird do?
(iv) From where does the bird spring and where does it go?
(v) Find a word from the lines which means same as “unplanned’.
Aņswers :
(i) ‘Thee’ is the skylark (a bird).
(ii) The poet means a carefree and light-hearted bird.
(iii) The bird spring from the earth and it goes higher and higher in the sky.
(v) ‘Premeditated’.

2. Like a high-born baliin
In a palace tower,
Soothing her love-laden
Soul in secret hour
With music sweet as love, which overflows her bower
Like a glow-worm golden
In a dell of dew,
Scattering unbeholden
Its aerial hue
Among the flowers and grass which screen it from the view :

Questions :
(i) Who does the poet compose with the bird in the first given stanza?
(ii) What does she do?
(iii) What is the effect of her music?
(iv) What is composed with in the second stanza given here?
(v) Find a word from the above stanzas which is similar in meaning to ‘invisible’.
Answers :
(i) The bird is compared with a high-born maiden.
(ii) She soothes her love-laden soul.
(iii) Her music overflows her power.
(iv) Here, the bird is compared with glow worm.
(v) ‘Unbeholden’.

3. Teach us, sprite or bird,
What sweet thoughts are thine :
I have never heard
Praise of love or wine
That panted forth a flood of rapture so divine.
Chorus hymeneal,
Or trimumphal chant,
Match’d with thine would be all
But an empty vaunt
A thing wherein we feel there is some hidden want.

Questions :
(i) What does the poet ask the bird to teach him?
(ii) What has the poet never heard?
(iii) What is chorus?
(iv) What does the poet guess in the bird’s song?
(v) Give a word from the above stanzas which is similar in meaning to victory’.
Answers :
(i) The poet asks the bird to teach him the secret of its song.
(ii) The poet has never heard a song as sweet and divine as that of the bird.
(iii) Chorus is givup song.
(iv) The poet guesses that there is some hidden want in the bird’s song.
(v) triumphal’.

4. We look before and after, (M.P. 2010) (Imp)
And pine for what is not
Our sincerest laughter With some pain is fraught;
Our sweetest songs are those that tell of saddest thought.

Questions :
(i) What human weakness that the poet finds in these lines?
(ii) What does the poet mean by ‘sincerest laughter’?
(iii) What are our sweetest songs?
(iv) Give the opposite word from the above stanza for “enjoy’.
Answers :
(i) The poet finds that human being looks before and after and feels sad for what is not.
(ii) By “sincerest laughter’ the poet means extreme happiness.
(iii) Our sweetest songs are those that express our saddest thought.
(iv) ‘pine’.

II. Answer the following questions briefly :

Question 1.
Why is Shelley not able to define the Skylark? How does the Skylark exceed the capacity of human language to describe its qualities or the qualities of its song? (M.P. 2015, Imp)
Answer :
Shelley finds himself unable to define the Skylark exactly. It is because the Skylark is not seen. It is carefree and cheerful bird without any physical frame. Its spontaneous overflow of song creates mysteries in the mind of the poet. Its song pervades the entire universe. Unlike human being it is never sad. In this sense it surpasses us.

Question 2.
Why does the poet use the similes in place of direct definition? Do they adequately describe the Skylark?
Answer :
In place of direct definition the poet uses the similes like ‘blithe spirit’, ‘unbodied joy’, These similes exactly suit the skylark. It is because it sings spontaneously. It is above all the cares and fears. It is hardly visible, Still is soothes the whole $ world.

Question 3.
What prevents the poet from singing like the Skylark? Why is the Skylark’s song is better than even the best productions of human genius, language
and emotion?
Answer :
The poet feels that he cannot sing like Skylark because being a human, he is full of vices like hate, pride and fear which prevent him to compete with Skylark. It is human nature that we look to the past and future feel sad for what we have not. The bird is above all these feelings.

Question 4.
Why does poet call the Skylark’s song “unpremeditated art”?
Answer :
The poet calls the Skylark’s song “unpremeditated art” because it flows spontaneously with varying mood. It has a tremendous kind of joy and freedom, which is not possible with a preplanned art.

Question 5.
Why does the poet compare the Skylark’s flight to an unbodied joy?
Answer :
The Skylark’s melodious note resounds and echo in the whole earth and air. But the bird is not visible anywhere as it flies higher and higher, Still its presence is felt somewhere nearby. So, the poet calls its flight as an ‘unbodied joy’.

Question 6.
Why does the poet compare the loud voice of the bird with rain? Why is the Skylark’s song called “rain of melody”?
Answer :
As the musical notes of the bird seem to be falling direct from heaven spontaneously and soar in the whole atmosphere so the poet feels it is like rain. The melody of Skylark pours joy and natural freedom. There is no shadow of sadness near it. So, the poet calls it ‘rain of melody’.

Question 7.
What does the poet ask the bird to teach him?
Answer :
The poet asks the bird to teach at least half of the gladness that the bird’s brain possesses. The poet has a wish to immortalize the bird’s song and make the world feel the joy that the bird pours as the poet imagines and enjoys.

Question 8.
What does the poet lament about the mortals? (Imp)
Answer :
The poet in no way feels human beings to be near the greatness of the bird. It is because we have become a prey to vices like hate pride and fear. We look forward and backward and feel sad for what we have not. The bird is free from all these vices and it is grater than us.

III. Objective Type Questions :

Choose the correct answer from the giving options :

(i) Waking or asleep
Thou of death must deem
things more true and deep
than we martals dream.

Name of the poem from which these lines have been taken.
(To a Skylark, The brook, Patriotism)
Answers :
(i) “The critic’ is the frog.
(ii) He had said that the nightingale’s song was not so bad but it was unduly long. He had further said that the nightingale’s rendering was fine, but her song lacked force.
(iii) The nightingale was greatly flattered and impressed by his criticism.
(iv) She is submissive and perhaps brainless also.

3. And the ticket office gross
Crashed and she grew more morose
For her ears were now addicted
To applause quite unrestricted,
And to sing into the night
All alone gave no delight

Questions :
(i) Why had the ticket office collection fallen?
(ii) How did it affect the nightingale?
(iii) Who else was affected by it? And why?
(iv) Why was the nightingale no longer delighted to sing?
Answers :
(i) The ticket office collection had fallen because fewer audience would coine now to hear her song.
(ii) The nightingale grew miserable.
(iii) The frog was affected by it because the ticket office collection would go into his pocket.
(iv) The nightingale now used to sing to a large audiene. So, she was no longer delighted to sing alone.

III. Objective Type Questions :

Choose the correct answer from the giving options.
(i) The poem “The frog and Nightigale” has been composed by:
(Mary Howrin, Andrew Barlon, Ben Johnson, Vikram Seth)

(ii) There lived a frog that croaked under a :
(Sumac tree, coconut tree, banyan tree, oak tree)

(iii) The frog croaked under á sumac tree :
(throughout the day, throughout the night, throughout the summer, throu ghout the winter)

(iv) The next night when the nightingale got ready to sing, she was started by:
(loud noise, loud thundering sound, sudden flash, croaking of a frog)
Answers :
(i) Vikram Seth.
(ii) Sumac tree.
(iii) throughout the night.
(iv) croaking of a frog.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Chapter 13 Peace Important Questions and Answers

I. Read the following stanzas carefully and answer the questions given below :

1. Behold, it comes in might,
The power that is not power,
The light that is in darkness,
The shade in dazzling light,
It is joy that never spoke,
And grief unfelt, profound.

Questions :
(i) What is ‘it’ in the above lines?
(ii) How does “it’ come?
(iii) What sort of power is it?
(iv) Where does this light appcar?
(v) What sort of joy is it?
Answers :
(i) ‘It’ stands for the ultimate need of life.
(ii) ‘It’ comes in might.
(iii) It is the power that is really not a power.
(iv) This light appears in darkness.
(v) It is the joy that is never spoken.

2. It is sweet rest in music.
And pause in sacred art.
The silence between speaking,
Between two fits of passion
It is the calm of heart.

Questions :
(i) What type of rest is ‘it’?
(ii) What does the second line in the above stanza signify?
(iii) Explain the meaning of the third line.
(iv) Give the opposite word from the stanza for ‘start.
Answers :
(i) ‘It’ is the sweet rest.
(ii) The second line signifies that it is the pause in the sacred art that heightens its beauty.
(iii) It means that the silence in the midst of speaking is rejuvenation of strength.
(iv) Pause’.

3. To it the tear-drop goes,
To spread the smiling form
It is the smiling form
It is the Goal of Life,
And Peace-its only home!

Questions :
(i) What happens to tear-drop?
(ii) What does ‘it’ do to tear-drop?
(iii) What is its form?
(iv) What do you mean by ‘goal of life’?
Answers :
(i) ‘It’ absorbs the tear-drops.
(ii) ‘It spreads the tear-drops in the smiling form.
(iii) Its form is smiling.
(iv) It means the ultimate aim of one’s life.

II. Answer the following questions :

Question 1.
“Behold, it comes in might ……….’ in this line, what is implied by ‘it?
Answer :
‘It’ implies the ‘eternal peace’.

Question 2.
What does the poet mean by ‘eternal death unmourned”?
Answer :
By this expression, the poet means the death which hasn’t been mourned for it being for salvation and eternity.

Question 3.
Explain the following lines :
It is sweet rest in music
And pause in sacred art;
Answer :
Here the poet signifies peace in the sense that it is a rest for rejuvenation during music and pause during a sacred art. Such rest gives a new gain of energy.

III. Answer the following questions in one sentence :

Question 1.
What is the ‘Goal of life?
Answer :
The ‘Goal of life’ is salvation.

Question 2.
Where does the spirit return to?
Answer :
The spirit return to eternity.

Question 3.
What sort of joy and sorrow does the poet refer to?
Answer :
The poet refers to the joy never spoken and sorrow never felt.

Question 4.
What is it that joins might and the next day?
Answer :
Peace joins might and the next day.

Question 5.
What element is present in silence admist two fits of passion?
Answer :
Eternal peace is present in silence admist two fits of passion.

Question 6.
Give the central idea of poem.
Answer :
The central idea of poem is to attain real eternal salvation and peace of inind. Spirit is immortal.

IV. Answer the following questions in about 150 words :

Question 1.
Why does the poet say that it is ‘death between two lives’? (M.P. 2010, 11, 12)
Answer :
The poet is highly philosophical in this poem. Here he highlights the ultimate peace of life. As the all-pervading force, it maintains the harmony needed to energies the human spirit. It is a state of our existence that inspires us to rise above worldly limitations and appreciates real power, joy, beauty and knowledge. The poet believes in the life after death, i.e., the life or eternity of spirit. He says that peace is there, i.e., death which can be said to be just an internal or pause which one takes to rejuvenate one’s strength and vigour. It is the element which one to begin a new life with more enthusiasm. It is a divine bliss.

Question 2.
Write the summary of the poem “Peace’. (M.P. 2013, 15)
Answer :
‘Peace’, by Swami Vivekananda, is a spiritual poem, signifying the ultimate need of life. The poem starts as invocation to attend the real self for solving the worldly problems. It refers to the inner self, or the spirit. By pointing to the everlasting quality of the human spirit, the poet has tried to speak for coming to terms with one’s own self. Living through the outer world, the uneasy mind is forced to take sides. It is, therefore, necessary to find harmony whereby confrontation is avoided. For this the need to realize one’s true bearing is important. In fact, ‘it’ foregrounds the meaning of the poem, which calls for responding to all-encompassing inner self.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Chapter 16 The Captive Air of Chandipur Important Questions and Answers

I. Read the following stanzas carefully and answer the questions given below :

1. Or of smells paralysed through the centuries, of deltas hard and white that stretched once.
to lure the feet of women bidding their men goodbye?
Or of salt and light that dark and provocative eyes
demanded, their shoulders drooping like lotuses in the noondays sun?

Questions :
(i) What is stretched along the sea beach?
(ii) What does it do?
(iii) Why do women come there?
(iv) What is compared with ‘lotuses in the noonday sun?
(v) What is the meaning of ‘drooping’?
Answer:
(i) White sandy land is stretched along the sea beach.
(ii) It lures the feet of women.
(iii) Women come there to bid their men goodbye.
(iv) The drooping shoulders of the men is compared with ‘lotuses in the noonday sun’.
(v) ‘Weak.

2. The ground seems only a memory now, a turn breath (M.P. 2009)
and as we wait for the tide to flood the mudflats
the song that reaches our ears is just our own
The cries of fishermen come drifting through the spray.
music of what the world has lost.

Questions :
(i) What does the ground seem to be?
(ii) Why do we wait?
(iii) What is the song that reaches our ears?
(iv) What does drift through the spray?
(v) Explain the last line.
Answer :
(i) The ground seems to be only a memory of a tom breath.
(ii) We wait for the tide.
(iii) It is the song just our own that echo in our ears.
(iv) The cries of fishermen drift through the spray.
(v) It is the music of the world that is lost in the tide.

II. Read the following lines from the poem and write answers to the questions given below :

Question 1.
Who can tell of the songs of this sea that go on to baffle and double the space around our lives?
(a) What does the poet mean by ‘to baffle’?
(b) What is implied by the songs of sea’?
Answer :
(a) Sea appears to be a mystery. It often confuses us. The poet means that sea which is calm works violently and takes lives of fishermen silently.
(b) ‘The song of sea’ is the tale of struggle of the fishermen and nature people of Chandipur are destined to die. Still they struggle.

Question 2.
Of deltas hard and white that stretched once to lure the feet of women bidding their men goodbye?
(a) Why did the destas lure the feet of women?
(b) Why did the women bid goodbye to men?
Answer :
(a) Delta is the stretch of land piece from where the river meets the sea. Here delta is said to lure the women with new hopes for life.
(b) Because they know the fate of their men which make them bid goodbye to them.

III. Answer the following questions in a few sentences :

Question 1.
What is meant by ‘the ridicule of the dead’? (Imp)
Answer :
“The ridicule of the dead’ signifies that the men think themselves to be warrior and powerful but they can’t beat nature. Sea is almighty. It destroys the lives of fishermen. Hence, this lines mocks men’s might.

Question 2.
Who is the ‘occupant of the silent sigh of the conch’?
Answer :
Fishermen of Chandipur are the occupants of the silent sigh of the conch. They are destined to lose their lives in their struggle against the tide.

Question 3.
Why does the poet call the sea at Chandipur drunk?
Answer :
The sea at Chandipur is called so because it is violent and shows no mercy to the fishermen to struggle against it. The sea overpowers the whole region.

Question 4.
How do ‘songs of sea’ double the space around our lines?
Answer :
The sea is the killer for the fishermen of Chandipur. The fishermen knew the truth and lost their life. Still they fought. The songs of sea gives them courage and remain them of the brave struggle of their forefathers.

Question 5.
Why does the poet says that the ground is only a memory now? (Imp)
Answer :
The poet says that the ground is only a memory now because lives have been lost. The fishermen who went on their struggle did not return. They have been killed.

Question 6.
What has the world lost?
Answer :
The world has lost the lives of the fishermen who had gone on the search of their livelihood. The tide swallowed them. The violent cruel sea showed no mercy to them.

IV. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each :

Question 1.
Why does the poet say that the song that reaches our ears is our own’? (Imp)
Answer :
The Captive Air of Chandipur-on-Sea’ is a poem that relives the tale of struggle between Man and Nature in the background of the seascape at Chandipur. It recounts the nostalgia about he lost labour and efforts of our predecessors in the conquest of Nature. The poet with all realistic touches explains how the sea waves wash away the lives of people Įiving at Chandipur. The tide swallows them while they are on the search for their livelihood. They know their fate. Their forefathers had lost their lives while trying to conquer the sea. Nature is all powerful. No one can win over it. Hence they are ready to face whatever comes to them. Still they celebrate their living. They wait for their fate. They sing songs of their misery and this echoes in their ears.

Question 2.
What does the poet glorify in the poem, Why? [M.P. 2013]
Answer :
This poem is all about the struggle between man and nature. People of Chandipur are all set to meet their fateful end in the sea. They meet their end in the waves of sea. The tide engulf them. Still they struggle for their life. They go in the sea in search of their food. Sea is the main source of their life. They know what the sea has in its. It is their fate. So, they don’t mourn. They forget all their woes and miseries. They know how their predecessors lost their lives. Still women come forward to bid goodbye to their men. This is the truth and reality of life. Life comes and goes but nature never ceases to work. This is the theme of this poem.

V. Objective Type Questions :

Choose the correct answer from the giving options : (Imp)
(i) The poet describe the sea at ………… (M.P. 2009)
(Puri, Cochin, Chandipur, Paradip)

(ii) The sea spilts out the wings of ………….
(birds, shells, planes, none of the them)

(iii) What do the said whisper?
(legends, warnings, praises, all of them)

(iv) The tide floods the …………..
(village, river, mudflash, none of above)
Answers :
(i) Chandipure.
(ii) planes.
(iii) legends
(iv) mudflash.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Chapter 18 King Porus – A Legend of Old Important Questions and Answers

I. Read the following stanzas carefully and answer the questions given below :
1. Loudly the midnight tempest sang.
Ah! it was thy dirge, fair Liberty!
And clouds in thundering accents roar’d
Unheeded warning from on high;
The train in darksome torrents fell,
Hydaspes’ waves did onwards sweep,
Like fiery passio’s heandlong flow.
To meet th’ awaken’d calling deep.

Questions :
(i) Name the poem and the poet.
(ii) What is talked about in these lines?
(iii) What was the thundring accent?
(iv) What happened at the midnight hour?
(v) What is the meaning of ‘tempest??
Answers :
(i) The poem is King Porus-A legend of Old and the poet is Michael Madhusudan Datta.
(ii) The great battle between Alexander. The Great King Porus is talked about in these lines.
(iii) The thundering accent was the roaring sound of the battle.
(iv) The army of Alexander attacked on the kingdom of India, ruled by the Porus at the midnight hour.
(v) tempest-storing.

2. Like to a lion chain’d [M.P. 2015]
That tho’ faint-bleeding-stands in pride
With eyes, where unsubdued
Yet flash’d the fire-looks that defied;
King Porus boldly went
Where ‘midst the gay and flittering crowd’
Sat god-like Alexander;

Questions :
(i) Who is compared with a lion chained here?
(ii) How was he looking?
(iii) How did he march on?
(iv) What does the expression ‘god-like’ signify?
(v) Giye a word opposite in meaning to ‘cowardly’.
Answers :
(i) King Porus is compared with a lion chained here.
(ii) He was confident and fearless.
(iii) He marched on boldly.
(iv) It signifies the supreme authority.
(v) boldly’.

II. Write answer to the following questions in three or four sentences :

Question 1.
How does the poet describe the heroic King Porus in the battle-field?
Answer :
The heroic King Porus was like a lion. He was full of triumphant feeling. He was fiery and brave in his fight.

Question 2.
What did Alexander do when he saw Porus fighting on with his gaping wounds?
Answer :
Alexander was really great. When he saw gaping a winds of King. Porus bleeding, he cried, “Desist-desist ! such noble blood should not be shen

Question 3.
Porus is compared to a chained lion as he walks to the Macedonian King. What qualities of Porus is the poet trying to highlight?
Answer :
The poet is living to highlight Porus courage and confidence. He fought with all his power to save his kinguom. His personality overpower all. He was the real king.

Question 4.
Why does the poet says “Thus India’s crown was lost and won’? Explain.
Answer :
The poet glorifies India’s winning culture. Indian army faced the enemy with all bravery without caring their own self. However they were defeated. But the confidence of King Porus made Alexander realise that he was not a coward. Alexander at last recognized his bravery honoured king Porus and returned his kingdom with all praise.

Question 5.
What quality of Alexander is also inherent in his act of forgiveness?
Answer :
Alexander’s act of forgiveness proves that he was a man of great soul. He himself was brave and knew how to honour bravery. He was a considerate person. He realized King Porus’ greatness.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Exercises: From Work Book

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions :

1. I will go to the hospital on my way to school.
2. The temple is on the top of the hill, we’ll start climbing from six o’clock in the morning and reach there in the afternoon.
3. The batsman hit the ball into the fence and scored six runs.
4. He was not allowed to enter the theatre as he was below eighteen years of a.
5. Go straight to the square and then turn to the comer.
6. You can reach the station by taxi in ten minutes.
7. The girl with blue eyes has just gone out of the door.
8. You can cut the apple into two with this knife.

Question 2.
Prepositions have not been used correctly in the sentences below, correct them and rewrite the sentences :
1. She entered into the room and began talking.
Answer :
She entered the room and began talking.

2. The river is flowing below the bridge.
Answer :
The river is flowing under the bridge.

3. He died from cancer.
Answer :
He died of cancer.

4. I have been waiting for you since four hours.
Answer :
I have been waiting for you for four hours.

5. She is suffering with malaria.
Answer :
She is suffering from malaria.

6. I prefer tea for coffee.’
Answer :
I prefer tea to coffee.

7. Water freezes when temperature falls under 0° Celsius.
Answer :
Water freezes when temperature falls below 0° Celsius.

Question 3.
(a) Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions :
1. You must concentrate on your studies.
2. The teacher said, “Boys, listen to me.”
3. I was marvelled by his sense of humour.
4. The workers are protesting against the cut in their wages.
5. I am waiting for your reply.
6. Refrain him from taking any rash action.
7. We take pride in our heritage.

(b) Put an appropriate preposition after the verb in each sentence. Then use your own ideas to complete each sentence. One is done for you:
1. I broke her glasses and she made me pay for a new pair.
2. I am excited because I am going to play in it.
3. He was not paying attention and crashed into a nearby pond.
4. I have to stay home tonight and prepare for my examination.
5. All the furniture in the room belongs to me.
6. Whether or not we go out depends upon the weather.

Question 4.
(a) Replace the underlined words with phrasal verbs :
1. The child wrote something and then erased it.
Answer :
The child wrote something and then ruilbod ito

2. He telephoned the theatre to book seats for tonight.
Answer :
He rang up the theatre to book seats for tonight.

3. I could no understand what you had written.
Answer :
I could no get through what you had written.

4. Please remove your shoes before you enter the room.
Answer :
Please take off your shoes before you enter the room.

5. He continued speaking for an hour.
Answer :
He went on speaking for an hour.

6. The old man abandoned smoking.
Answer :
The old man gave up smoking.

7. He extinguished the light and went to bed.
Answer :
He blew out the light and went to bed..

8. The air-conditioner is noi working. Will you please summon the mechanic.
Answer :
The air-conditioner is not working. Will you please call for the mechanic.

9. He withdrew his resignation after much persuasion.
Answer :
He took back his resignation after much persuasion.

10. We started our journey in the morning.
Answer :
We set off our journey in the morning.

11. The meeting was postponed because of the lack of quorum.
Answer :
The meeting was put off because of the lack of quorum.

12. He wore his shirt and went out.
Answer :
He put on his shirt and went out.

13. The boys fled from school to play,
Answer :
The boys got away from school to play.

14. My boss rejected my application for leave.
Answer :
My boss turned down my application for leave.

(b) Insert a or an where necessary :

1. Rama is a good cook.
2. He said, “I shall be back in an hour.”
3. There is an hourly train from Bhopal to Indore.
4. She is a paying guest.
5. We have recently bought a scooter.
6. He is an extraordinary man.
7. My neighbour is a farmer.
8. He has recently purchased a cow and a buffalo.
9. He is a magician.
10. Here is a pen and a piece of paper for you to wite a letter.

(c) Complete the following sentences by using the words given in bracket :
1. She was thirsty. She needed a glass of water. (glass, water)
2. I want to write a letter. Give me a piece of paper. (piece, paper)
3. I am confused. I want a word of advice. (word, advice)
4. He has difficulty in reading. He needs to buy a pair of spectacles.(pair, spectacles)
5. They are all hungry. They all need a glass of milk each. (glass, milk)
6. They are tired, They want a bit rest. (bit, rest)
7. The country has made a lot of progress. (lot, progress)
8. A lot of people. (lot, people) are coming to attend the meeting.
9. I am thankful to you. You have given me a lot of advice. (lot, advice)
10. Recently they have grown rich. They have purchased a lot of diamonds. (lot, diamonds)

(d) Make the following sentences singular. Remember to add ‘a or an’ and change the verb from plural to singular, if required :
1. Children love to play.
A child loves to play.

2. Architects make plans of buildings.
An architect makes plan of a building.

3. Cows are useful animals.
A cow is a useful animal.

4. Teachers are men of words.
A teacher is a man of words.

5. Doctors cure patients.
A doctor cures a patient.

6. Teachers teach students.
A teacher teach student.

7. They are anarchists.
He is an anarchists.

8. Nationalists are hard to find.
A nationalist is hard to find.

9. Tables are made of wood.
A table is made of wood.

10. Ministers have become gods today.
A minister has become God today.

Question 5.
(a) Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the words provided in brackets.

Use ‘the’ where necessary :
1. The box is made of wood. (wood)
2. In India the coins. (coins) are made of copper. (copper).
3. The gold (gold) mined in India is of poor (poor) quality.
4. The dinner (dinner) they gave yesterday was excellent.
5. Do you take tea (fea) daily?
6. He is the only. only (teacher) of English known all over the state.
7. Is beauty (beauty) really skin deep?
8. He read all the morning. (morning)
9. They are really poor. They cannot make the body (body) and soul (soul) meet together.
10. This letter was delivered to me by hand. (hand)

(b) Use the following nouns in two ways,
(a) with the
(b) without the in your own sentences :
air : Air is becoming more and more polluted.
The air of this room seems stale.

copper: Copper is useful metal.
The copper of Indian coins is not good.

water: Water is required for life.
The water of river Ganga is very much polluted.

paper: Save paper to save trees.
The paper of currency note is special quality.

gold : Gold is a precious metal.
The Gold of my ring is very pure.

kindness : Kindness is a great virtue.
The kindness shown by him will never be forgotten.

(c) Rewrite the following sentences using the nouns given in brackets with the where necessary :

1. He had severe pain in the stomach and was admitted to hospital. (hospital)
2. Today I would go to the hospital) to ask about his health.
3. He was found guilty of theft and sent to prison (prison.)
4. I want to go to the (prison) to see him if I am given permission.
5. My granddaughter is old enough to be admitted to school. (school)
6. I would go to the (school) next Monday to collect the admission form.
7. Muslims go to mosque (mosque) for prayer every Friday.
8. I stood outside the (mosque) to a wait his return.
9. People do not usually go to office (office) on Sunday.
10. I have not been to cinema (cinema) for several months now.

(d) Write a, an or the where required. In some cases the sentence may already be correct simply write correct :
1. Have you ever eaten cheese?
2. I am too tired to go home. I will take bus.
3. I wish I knew how to play harmonium.
4. I used to play cricket while at school.
5. He would not get job, even if he applied for it.
6. Have you read book I gave you yesterday.
7. Earth goes round sun.
Answer :
1. correct,
2. a bus,
3. correct,
4. correct,
5. the job,
6. the book,
7. the earth the sun.

Question 6.
Fill in the blanks with some or any :
1. I have read it in some book or other.
2. Karan has hidden the money in some place.
3. We do not know if there are any survivors of the plane crash.
4. Does Raina has any talent for painting?
5. I am very hungry. Will you give me some food?
6. I know you enjoy coffee. Would you like some more?
7. These boys earn some money by selling fruits.,
8. They receive some new books every month.
9. Karan left home without any luggage.
10. Some boy came to see you, when you had gone to school.

Question 7.
Fill in the blanks with few, a few or the few whichever is proper :
1. Mr. Saxena is a man of few words.
2. Very few students learn Persian these days.
3. The few shirts he has are all tom.
4. They have been to our place quite a few times.
5. We have had a few replies to our queries.

Question 8.
In the following sentences use much, many or a lot of as required :
1. Karan has many problems to solve.
2. He always takes a lot of sugar in his tea.
3. There are many temples in this town.
4. We haven’t had much rain in Bhopal this year.
5. We do not have a lot of money to spend.
6. Are there many books on Grammar in this library?
7. He is very popular. He has a lot of friends.
8. I am very busy today. I have a lot of work to do.,

Question 9.
Fill in the blanks with one of the words given in brackets (In some cases two answers may be possible) : (Imp)
1. These books are all Karan’s. (all, both)
2. Not all the people who were invited were present. (all, both)
3. He can write with both his hands. (all, both)
4. He has two sons, both are in America. (all, Both) (MP 2013)
5. These mangoes are rupees five each. (each, every)
6. The Olympic Games are held every four year. (each, every)
7. Käran plays cricket every Sunday. (each, every)
8. He enjoyed every minute of his stay in Houston. (each, every)
9. Every book on grammar has been purchased in the library. (each, every)
10. Each boy was presented with a dictionary. (each, every)

Question 10.
Complete the following sentences by using no or not :
1. No shops were open today.
2. I have got no money in my purse.
3. No student is expected to leave the room.
4. It is not easy to bag the first prize.
5. You must not go.

11. Complete the following sentences with either or neither : (Imp)
1. Neither of my sons is a doctor. (MP 2013)
2. Can either of you speak English?
3. I was invited to two marriage receptions but I did not attend either.
4. There were two messages received this morning but neither of them was for me.
5. We could not open the room because neither of us had a key.

Question 12.
(a) Fill in the blanks a modal for the modalities shown in brackets after each sentence:
1. People from India may travel to Nepal without a passport. (permission)
2. Due to drought, the prices may go up. (possibility)
3. The principal might becoming. It is time he generally comes. (doubt ful possibility)
4. A little boy like him can’t climb up the hill. (capability in negative)
5. People could go about freely before the blast. (permission in the past)
6. Would you dine with me tonight? (request)
7. His friends deceived him, otherwise he could win the election. (unfulfilled possibility in the past)
8. They can take possession of the house tomorrow. (permission)
9. Can you speak French? She wants a translator. (ability)
10. He is blind. He can’t see. (power in negative)
11. Buy the tickets in advance so that you may avoid standing in the queue. (purpose)
12. How can a man be so damaned to kill so many innocent animals. (disbelief)

(b) Use the correct modal, Choose from can, could, may and might:
1. Keep all the items ready so that the programme may not be delayed.
2. Can you define a modal? Yes, I can.
3. The flights might be delayed for a snag in the wheel :
4. My son could walk ten miles at a stretch before the accident.
5. No one can beat him in chess.
6. Could you permit me to have some rest?
7. You left the door open. The birds might have flown.
8. Can you speak English? She wants a translator. (M.P. 2013)

(C) Use suitable modal from amongst ‘must, should, ought to, needn’t’ as required :
1. Attendance in school is obligatory. The students must take note of it. (external obligation)
2. Your behaviour should be above suspicion. (necessity)
3. Non-violence should be practised in letter and spirit. (advisability as a matter of conscience)
4. Demand for dowry is a crime. People ought to shun it. (obligation of law)
5. If you wish to learn English, you should read English newspaper everyday. (advice)
6. I needn’t pay the bill. Somebody has already paid it. (lack of obligation)
7. We ought to keep the public toilets clean after use. (moral obligation)
8. People should use their franchise. (general advice)
9. Should you see the thief, please inform the police. (chance happening, replacement of‘if)
10. You needn’t go on foot. You can take my scooter. (absence of obligation)
11. She has failed. She should have worked hard. (unfulfilled obligation)
12. She needn’t come every day. She can come on alternate days.(lack of compulsion)

(d) Use must, should, ought to, needn’t as required :
1. An enemy must be treated as enemy.
2. A good citizen should not accept undue advantages.
3. He said to his grandfather, “You needn’t work anymore”.
4. Bill Gates should be a happy man, I suppose.
5. Some books should be read only in parts, but some must be read wholly, diligently and attentively.
6. If a man writes a little, he ought to have a good memory.
7. You needn’t buy books if you have access to the internet.
8. A child’s birthday must be celebrated solemnly.
9. Every child born into the world is a gift of god. We ought to be very gentle with it.
10. If India has to avoid disgrace, they must win this match.
11. Truth must be told.
12. The match should have been finished by now.

Question 13.
(a) Use a suitable modal as required :
1. Before his illness his father used to walk six miles everyday. (discontinued habit)
2. She will have to go on foot as her bicycle had a flat tyre. (act under compulsion)
3. These days I have to work overtime to meet my expenses. (force of circumstances in the present)
4. How dare you abuse me like this? (courage)
5. My teacher used to shout at the students when they made mistakes. (habitual action in the past)
6. Most of the poor have to live on a single meal a day. (under force of circumstance in the present)
7. It used to be very cold here. Now the climate has changed. (contrasting the past with the present.
8. You daren’t challenge him. He is so stout. (lack of courage)

(b) Fill in the blanks with ‘used to’, ‘have to’, ‘has to’:
1. Many people in India have to go to bed with empty stomach. (M.P. 2013)
2. She used to live in a small room before joining service.
3. All his money was spent. He has to sell his house,
4. My neighbour used to drink heavily before his death.
5. They have to face such heavy odds.
6. As a student, Mr. Verma used to live in a hostel.
7. Those days I used to work under a hard taskmaster.

(c) Fill in the blanks with the right alternative :
1. The poor boys ……………… undertake menial tasks to support their families :
(a) have had to (b) has to (c) have to (d) had to.

2. My father …………….. hard when he was young:
(a) used to work (b) did use to work (c) had worked to (d) uses to work.

3. My father ……………….. sell his house for the marriage of my sister ten years ago :
(a) has to (b) will have to (c) had to (d) has not to.

4. A constable ……………… challenge the S.P. as he is very strict
(a) didn’t dare to (b) hardly dared to (c) hardly dared (d) daren’t.

5. I ……………….. wear a long coat when I was a child :
(a) use to (b) did use to (c) need to (d) used to

6. My wife ………………. cook in the morning. The maid does it :
(a) doesn’t have to (b) is not to (c) have not to (d) don’t have to

7. She ……………….. a pilot. Now she is a housewife :
(a) used to be (b) had to be (c) had better be. (d) didn’t use to be.

8. The gardener ……………….. the garden by himself. Now he has fallen ill :
(a) have to dig (b) will have to dig (c) has to dig (d) had to dig.

9. I.. ……………..do it all alone whatever you may say :
(a) have not to (b) have to (c) am not to (d) am to.
Answer :
1. (c), 2. (a), 3. (C), 4. (d), 5. (d), 6. (a), 7. (a), 8. (d), 9. (b).

Question 14.
Use the proper form of the verbs given in brackets to form simple present tense sentences :
1. Water boil at 100 degree Celsius. (boil)
2. She cries when she is hungry. (cry)
3. They are vegetarians. They never eat meat. (eat)
4. Do you always have milk before going to bed? (have)
5. The District Education Officer always inspects this school on a Monday. (inspect)
6. Fish swims in water. (swim)
7. The Shatabadi Express seldom comes late. (come)
8. Karan does his homework everyevening: (do)
9. Empty vessels always make much noise. (make)
10. Barking dogs seldom bite. (bite)

Question 15.
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences using either present simple or present continuous forms of verbs provided in brackets :
1. My cousin is arriving tomorrow. (arrive)
2. They never drink water during meals. (drink)
3. Karan is working on his school project at this moment. (work)
4. Raina sleeps often (sleep) on the sofa while watching T.V. (watch)
5. The Himalayas divide India and Tibet. (divide)
6. Raina cannot come to see you. She is writing a letter now. (write)
7. Raina is having a party today as it is her birthday. (have)
8. My mother is preparing s special dish now. (prepare)
9. What examination are you and your sister are studying for at the moment? (study)
10. They never have coffee. (have)

Question 16.
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences using the appropriate time expres sions :
1. His English has improved considerably …………..
(i) I saw him last
(ii) he has started taking lessons
(iii) May 1999.

2. He has not read a newspaper …….
(i) as long as I can remember
(ii) yesterday
(iii) more than a year.

3. My father has not come home ………..
(i) mybirth
(ii) I went to school
(iii) four years.

4. I have not caught a cold ………….
(i) my childhood i
(ii) many years
(iii) last year.

5. They have not been to a school ………….
(i) their birth
(ii) a long time
(iii) two months now.
Answer :
1. (ii), 2. (iii), 3. (iii), 4. (iii), 5. (ii).

Question 17.
Rewrite the following sentences using the verbs provided in brackets in the present perfect or present perfect continuous form as required :
1. Karan has been attending the Cricket Academy for the last four years. Now he can play well (attend)
2. Nidhi has already taken the Linguaphone course. (take)
3. She has been living here for two years now. (live)
4. Professor Saxena has adopted several different methods of teaching verbs. (adopt)
5. He has been teaching foreign students for about six years. (teach)

Question 18.
Read the situations and write one complete sentence for each as given in example:

Example :
Roma started working on computer at 7 o’clock.
She is still working on it.
Answer :
Roma has been working on computer since 7 o’clock.

1. We started living in Bhopal in 1990.
We are still living in Bhopal.
Answer :
We have been living in Bhopal since 1990.

2. The gardener started mowing the grass two hours ago.
He is still mowing it.
Answer :
The gardener has been mowing the grass for two hours.

3. My mother started decorating the house in the morning.
She is still decorating it.
Answer :
My mother has been decorating the house since morning.

4. I started reading Shakespear’s “Hamlet’ three hours ago.
I am still reading it.
Answer :
I have been reading Shakespear’s ‘Hamlet for three hours.

5. They began their tour three months ago.
They are travelling round Singapore at the moment.
Answer :
They have been travelling round Singapore for the last three months.

6. Abbas and Aditi started making films when they left college.
They are still making films.
Answer :
Abbas and Aditi have been making films since they left college.

7. My brother began playing chess when he was only three.
He is still playing it.
Answer :
My brother has been playing chess since he was three.

8. Puran started painting the walls four hours ago.
He is still painting the walls.
Answer :
Puran has been painting the walls for four hours.

Question 19.
(a) Use the verrbs provided in brackets in Simple Past Tense :
1. Raina went to the market after school. (go)
2. My sister saw a beggar an hour ago. (see)
3. Karan visited his grandparents yesterday. (visit)
4. Raina did not do her homework because she was ill. (do, be)
5. I took the entrance examination in 2005. (take)

(b) Rewrite the following sentences into the simple Past Tense. Also add an appropri ate adverbial in each case from the list provided here : yesterday, last month, last year, sometimes ago, this morning :
1. It suddenly becomes hot.
Answer :
It suddenly became hot yesterday.

2. We are in a difficult situation.
Answer :
Last month we were in a difficult situation.

3. My sister teaches me.
Answer :
My sister taught me last year.

4. The doctor looks after patients.
Answer :
The doctor looked after patients.

5. Rohan get’s up early.
Answer :
Yesterday, Rohan got up early.

Question 20.
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the Past Continuous form of the verbs given in brackets :
1. What were you doing when the accident occurred? (do)
2. I was changing the bulb that had burnt out. (change)
3. At 5 O’clock it was raining. (rain)
4. When Karan called I was sleeping. (sleep)
5. The postman came when I was sleeping. (sleep)
6. When I was eating lunch Soha was reading. (read)
7. When they were waiting for the train, they saw Prachi. (wait)
8. While mother was cooking lunch, father was watching the T.V. (cook, watch)
9. When I went to her house she was not there. She was studying at the liberty. (study)
10. While I was watching a horror film on the T.V., the power went out. (watch)

Question 21.
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with Past Simple or Past Perfect form of the verbs provided in brackets :
1. By the time the ambulance arrived the patient mokycan Parrive die
2. Several hours before the cricket match …… the spectators . ….. the stadium. (start, fill)
3. We ………….. to this house in 2001 and…………… here ever since. (come, live)
4. When I …………… a boy we …………… on a farm. (be, live)
5. Mother ………….. very tired as she …………… the whole day. (be, work)
Answer :
1. arrived, had died,
2. started, had filled,
3. came, had lived,
4. was, lived,
5. was, had worked.

Question 22.
(a) Prachi does the following things everyday. Tell what she is going to do tomorrow (Use be going to form) :
1. Prachi gets up at 7 O’clock.
Answer :
Prachi is going to get up at 7 O’clock.
2. She has bath. Answer : She is going to have bath. (arrive, die)
3. She puts on her school uniform. Answer : She is going to put on her school uniform.
4. She puts on shoes. Answer : She is going to put on shoes.
5. She has breakfast. Answer : She is going to have breakfast.

(b) Combine the following pairs of sentences using a suitable verb in its-ing form :
Example :
(a) Don’t eat stale food.
(b) It is harmful for health.

Eating stale food is harmful for health.
1. She talks too much. Nobody likes it.
Answer :
Talking too much is not liked by anybody.

2. Don’t break the rules of the road. It is harmful for all.
Answer :
Breaking the rules of the road. It is harmful for all.

3. We must appreciate our friends’ achievements. It promotes goodwill.
Answer :
Appreciating friend’s achievements promoters goodwill.

4. One should do one’s work in time. It brings success in life.
Answer :
Doing work in time brings success in life.

5. The team did well in the match. All appreciated them..
Answer :
The team’s doing well in the match was appreciated by all..

Question 23.
Use the Gerund or Infinitive form of the words given in brackets and complete the sentences :
1. I dislike to get up early. (get)
2. Would you mind opening the window, please? (open)
3. My little daughter likes to play with dolls. (play)
4. They were surprised to hear the news. (hear)
5. All the students were prevented from attending the party. (attend)

Question 24.
Fill in with the correct non-finite verb-forms :
1. Smoking is harmful. (smoke)
2. My landlord is a dreading fellow. (dread)
3. Your performance was entertaining. (entertain)
4. He loves to walking. (walk)
5. We are generally afraid of dieing. (die)
6. Your comments are disheartening. (dishearten)
7. To fight/fighting for the country is an honour. (fight)
8. Poverty presents a depressing sight. (depress)
9. Swimming is the best exercise. (swim)
10. I have a written text of the speech. (write)

Question 25.
Rewrite the following sentences, using the participle construction, as shown in example:

Example :
The thief saw the policemen and ran away.
Seeing the policemen, the thief ran away.

1. I saw him weeping and went to see what was wrong.
Answer :
Seeing him weeping I wen to see what was wrong.

2. As the weather was fine, we went for a picnic.
Answer :
The weather being fine we went for a picnic.

3. She walked up to the front door and rang the bell.
Answer :
Walking up to the front door she rang the bell.

4. My little son heard the noise and woke up.
Answer :
Hearing the noise my little son woke up.

5. When I returned home, I found my kids playing outside.
Answer :
Returning home I found my kids playing outside.

6. The policemen ran with all his might and caught the thief.
Answer :
Running with all his might the policeman caught the thief.

7. As he was defeated in the match, he decided not to play cricket again.
Answer :
Being defeated in the match he decided not to play cricket again.

8. My father put on his overcoat and went for a walk.
Answer :
Putting on his overcoat my father went for a walk.

9. I wished to see Mohan, I sent for him.
Answer :
Wishing to see Mohan, I sent for him.

10. He failed in the examination, he game up his studies.
Answer :
Having failed in the examination, he game up his studies.

11. He was tired of walking. He sat down to rest.
Answer :
Tired (or being tired) of walking, he sat down to rest.

12. The magician took pily on the cat. He turned it into a dog.
Answer :
Talking pily on the cat the magician turned it into a dog.

13. He selected a sight. He began to build a house.
Answer :
Having selected a site, he began to build a house.

14. He finished his dinner, he went out for a walk.
Answer :
Finishing his work, he went out for a walk.

15. She receiving a telegram. She because very sad.
Answer :
Receiving a telegram she because very sad.

Question 26.
Make meaningful sentences in passive voice from the table given below. Use proper forms of verbs given in B :

Answer :
1. All the students were called for interview.
2. Badminton is played in an indoor stadium,
3. The notice was displayed on the notice board.
4. Patients are treated in the hospitals.
5. Wheat is grown in fields.
6. Grammar is taught in schools.
7. Shirts are stitched by tailors.
8. Cameras are manufactured by the USA and Japan.

Question 27.
Put the following sentences into the passive form:
1. The king gave him a reward.
Answer :
He was rewarded by the king.

2. They were plucking flowers in the park.
Answer :
Flowers were being plucked by them in the park.

3. One should keep one’s promise.
Answer :
Promises should be kept.

4. Who told you the truth?
Answer :
By whom was truth told to you?

5. All trust an honest man.
Answer :
An honest man is trusted by all.

6. Somebody has cleaned the room.
Answer :
The room has been cleaned.

7. We shall play the match tomorrow.
Answer :
The match shall be played by us tomorrow.

8. Why did the teacher punish the students?
Answer :
Why were the students punished by the teacher?

9. Someone has already switched off the light.
Answer :
The light has already been switched off.

10. We should not waste our time in gossiping.
Answer :
Our time should not be wasted by us in gossiping.

11. My grandmother tell me many amusing stories about Birbal.
Answer :
I am told many amusing stories about Birbal by my grandmother.

12. The manager dismissed him from service for his rude behaviour.
Answer :
He was dismissed from service by the manager for rude behaviour.

13. They laughed at her.
Answer :
She was laughed at.

14. Post this letter.
Answer :
Let this letter be posted.

15. One should keep one’s promises.
Answer :
Promises should be kept.

16. A mad dog bil his sister
Answer :
His sister was bitten by a mad dog.

17. Some one has stolen my books.
Answer :
My book have been stolen.

18. I taught him english.
Answer :
He was taught english by me..

19. We shall pardon has.
Answer :
She will be pardon by us.

20. Do not touch this wire. (M.P. 2010)
Answer :
Let this wire not be touched.

21. They were making a notice.
Answer :
A notice was being made by them.

22. All trust an honest man. (M.P. 2011)
Answer :
An honest man is trusted by all.

Question 28.
Change the following sentences into the Indirect Narration : :

1. He said to me, “I have asked you not to tell lies”.
Answer :
He said to me that he had asked me not to tell lies.

2. He said, “It is time we depart.”
Answer :
He told that it was time they depart.

3. She said, “I am waiting and watching and longing for my son’s return.”
Answer :
She said that she was waiting and watching and longing for her son’s return.

4. She said to her sister, “I want to show you something.”
Answer :
She said to her sister that she wanted to show her something.

5. My mother said to me, “I am cooking your favourite dish today.”
Answer :
My mother told me that she was cooking my favourite dish that day.

6. The shopkeeper said, “Here is your packet.”
Answer :
The shopkeeper told that there my packet was.

7. She said to her brother, “I have washed your clothes in the morning.”
Answer :
She told her brother that she had washed his clothes in the morning.

8. They said to the teacher, “We want to play football.”
Answer :
They told the teacher that they wanted to play football.

9. He said, ‘You better tell Tom’.
Answer :
He said that I better told Tom.

Question 29.
Change the following sentences into Indirect Narration :
1. She said to me, “Where do you live?”
Answer :
She asked me that where I lived.

2. He said to me, “Will you show me your homework?”
Answer :
He asked me if I would show him my homework.

3. She said to her brother, “What do you want?”
Answer :
She asked her brother that what he wanted.

4. He said, “When will you return?”
Answer :
He asked him when he would return.

5. I said to him, “Which book do you like most?”
Answer :
I asked him that which book he liked most.

6. Raina said to him, “Which way did the man go?”
Answer :
Raina asked him that which way the man went.

Question 30.
Change the following sentences into Indirect narration :

1. The old man said to the villager, “Please bring me a glass of milk.”
Answer :
The old man requested the villager to bring him a glass of milk.

2. The king said to the hatter, “Take off your hat.”
Answer :
The king ordered the hatter to take off his hat.

3. The teacher said, “Sit down, boys.”
Answer :
The teacher ordered the boys to sit down.

4. He said to his servant, “Go to the bazaar and bring me some oil.”
Answer :
He ordered his servant to go to the bazar and bring him some oil.

5. The teacher said to her, “Don’t read so fast.”
Answer :
The teacher commanded her not to read so fast.

6. He said, “Rina, go to the well and fetch me some water.”
Answer :
He ordered Rina, to go to the well and fetch him some water.

Question 31.
Change the following sentences into Indirect Narration :

1. He said angrily, “What a stupid fellow you are!”
Answer :
He shouted at him angrily that he was a very stupid fellow.

2. She looked at the Taj and said, “What a beautiful building!”
Answer :
She looked at the Taj and exclaimed with wonder that it was a very beautiful building.

3. He said, “My God! I am ruined !”
Answer :
He exclaimed with sorrow that he was ruined.

4. She said to me, “How smart you are !”
Answer :
He exclaimed at me with wonder that he was very smart.

5. He said to the soldier, “Alas ! ! our foes are too strong!”
Answer :
He exclaimed to his soldiers with regret that their foes were to strong.

6. They said Hurrah! we have won the match.
Answer :
They exclaimed with delight that they had won the match.

Question 32. Make complex sentences adding Noun Clauses :
1. . It is said that honesty is the best policy.
2. Pay attention to what your parents say.
3. The message said that my brother was arriving tomorrow.
4. I was told that today would be holiday.
5. I feel that it will rain tonight.
6. She is hopeful that he will come.
7. The question is that who will bell the cat.
8. The rumour that he is sick turned out to be a false one.

Question 33.
Complete the questions given below :
1. What is the name of the place where you went last year?
2. What is the name of the object which you are looking for?
3. What is the name of the film that we saw last week?
4. What is the name of the singer who has sung the little song of this movie?
5. What is the name of the stadium where the match is being played?

Question 34.
Complete the following sentences by adding suitable adjective clauses:
1. No one can tell the reason why our team lost the match.
2. Mr. Sharma who is an opthalmologist lives near my house.
3. The pen which my brother gifted me is very expensive.
4. A person who acts in a movie or play is called an actor.
5. He has a brother who loves him very much.
6. The flowers which were blooming in the morning have faded.
7. I have spent the money which did not belong to me.
8. This is the place where I was born.
9. Youth is the time when one dares to challenge everyone.

Question 35.
Rewrite the following sentences by changing the underlined phrase/clause to relative clause :
1. A man of simple nature is liked by all.
Answer :
A man who has simple nature is liked by all.

2. Men with good management skills are needed everywhere.
Answer :
Men who have good management skills are needed everywhere.

3. I don’t know the reason for his failure.
Answer :
I don’t know the reason why he failed.

4. Do you know the time of her return?
Answer :
Do you know the time when she will return?

5. Can you tell me his dwelling place?
Answer :
Can you tell me the place where he is dwelling?

6. A science book with colourful diagrams and figures is useful for all the learners.
Answer :
A science book which has colourful diagrams and figures is useful for all the learners.

7. The man without music in his soul can’t live life in full.
Answer :
The man who does not have music in his soul can’t live life in full.

Question 36.
Make complex sentences by adding adverb clauses :
1. Be careful lest you should fall.
2. Let us stay here till the sun sets.
3. The doctor had arrived before the death of the patient.
4. She came to school though she had applied for leave.
5. The accident took place where there is a blind turn.
6. They will go out to play when the rain stops.
7. He is wearing a coat as if he is a lawyer.
8. The grapes were so expensive that I could not buy them.
9. He ran very fast so that he should not miss the train.
10. It was a much better entertainment than what we experienced yesterday.

Question 37.
Replace the underline phrase by an Adverb Clause, as given in the example :

Example:
On his return, we asked about his journey.
When he returned, we asked about his journey.

1. I shall wait for you till the end of the week.
Answer :
I shall wait for you till the week comes to an end.

2. The weather is too cold to go out.
Answer :
The weather is so cold that one cannot go out.

3. He talked like a mad.
Answer :
He talked as if he was a mad.

4. On seeing the snake he ran away.
Answer :
When he saw the snake, he ran away.

5. Having done his work he switched off the light.
Answer :
When he did his work, he switched off the light.

6. They behave like fools.
Answer :
They behave as if they are fools.

Question 38.
Combine the following pairs of sentences by turning one of them into an Ad verb/Adjective/Noun clause :
1. You are the royal priest.
You must be very wise.
Answer :
As you are the royal priest you must be very wise.

2. A balloon filled with hot air always goes up.
Do you know it?
Answer :
Do you know that a balloon filled with hot air always goes up.

3. I want to score high marks.
I am working hard for it.
Answer :
I am working hard because I want to score high marks.

4. My bag is missing.
I had kept all my money in it.
Answer :
My bag in which I had kept all my money is missing.

5. I have just met a man in the party.
He is a magician.
Answer :
The man I just met in the party is a magician.

6. He will be cured.
The doctor is hopeful.
Answer :
The doctor is hopeful that he will be cured.

7. The time given was short.
I couldn’t answer all the questions.
Answer :
The time given was so short that I couldn’t answer all the questions.

8. You were absent yesterday.
Can you tell me the reason?
Answer :
Can you tell me the reason for which you were absent yesterday?

9. He was not doing his homework regularly.
This was the complaint.
Answer :
It complained that he was not doing his homework regularly.

10. She worked in a factory.
It was caught in a fire yesterday.
Answer :
She worked in a factory that was caught in a fire yesterday.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions

MP Board Class 11th Special English Letter and Application Writing Important Questions

Question 1.
Write a letter to your father asking for more money.
Answer :
Jubilee Hostel,
Curzon Road, New Delhi.
19th January, 20……..

My dear Papa,
I received your money order for Rs. 4000/- today. Papa I don’t want to press you with my ever-increasing demand of money. But you will appreciate that the hostel fees has been increased recently. Mess charges too have been enhanced. I know you are meeting my expenses with great difficulties. But I am also helpless. Believe me I don’t spend a single rupee more than what is needed absolutely. Papa I need Rs. 2000/- more even to cope with my normal expenses. I feel, I am asking you for tightening your belt still further, but take this amount as a kind of investment. The moment I achieve my goal, I shall provide you with all the comforts that I can provide you with hope, you will not mind me this request.

Yours loving son,
Virendra.

Question 2.
You are Supriya, resident of LIG-47, Rohinipurum, Raipur. Write a letter to your friend Jeena at E-7 Bhopal, congratulating her for her brilliant success in the examination.
Answer :

LIG-47, Rohinipurum,
Raipur.
5th May, 20………

My dear Jeena,
Hope this letter finds you in the pink of your health. I am glad to know that you have passed your examination in flying colours. My hearty congratulations to you. I wish you good luck for your further success.

However, I am glad to inform you that my younger sister’s marriage has been fixed. It will take place on 14th June, 2012. We want you to come down here on 1st week of June. The invitation card will be sent to your family soon. Please ask your parents also to attend the marriage.

You will also be glad to know that I have passed my pre-board examination in good marks and hoping to do still better in the final.

Rest is fine convey my regards to all at home.

Yours truly,
Supriya.

Question 3.
Write an application in not more than 120 words to your Principal requesting him to allow you to take Biology subjects instead of Mathematics subjects. (Imp)
Answer :
To
The Principal,
Govt. Girls’ Higher Sec. School,
Devendra Nagar,
Indore.

Sub. : Change of group.

Sir,
This year I have sought admission in XIth class in your school. I had intended to take Maths initially and with that aim I had filled up Maths group. But now I feel that I had made a mistake, Biology group would be better for me. Hence, I fervently request you to allow me to change to Biology group.

Hope you would sympathetically look into my matter and allow me to change my subjects.

Thanking you,

Yours obediently,
Rinku Verma

Raipur.
Dated : 14th July, 20………

Question 4.
Write a letter to a stranger, thanking him for sending you back your lost bag containing some money and important documents.
Answer :
M-19, Kirti Nagar,
New Delhi-110015.
3rd Nov., 20………

Dear Mr. Sunil,
I don’t know how to thank you for the return of my bag which I had left in the park, a few days back. I was really worried that I shall never get back my bag which contained very important documents pertaining to my flat without which I shall never be able to get the possession of my flat. By returning it you have really done a great service. Words fail to express my gratitude to you. I shall never forget this goodwill gesture. I don’t know how to repay this goodwill gesture. You have revived my faith in goodness of some people like you. I shall be very glad if you come to my place for returning the bag. I would love to be some use to you, if you deem it necessary.

Yours sincerely,
Sabhya Sachi
Kar.

Question 5.
Write a letter of condolence to a friend on the death of his father. (M.P. 2015)
Answer :

G-53, Green Park,
New Delhi.
10th Feb., 20………

Dear Amrit,
I was shocked to learn about the sudden death of your dear father. The news was indeed a holt from the blue. It is indeed a great loss to all the members of your family. My dear friend, don’t loss heart. We must accept death boldly as we have to face death one or other day, so never get disheartened. You being the eldest brother must take care of the family. You must work very hard so that nobody in your family feels the absence of your father. I am sure God will give you the courage to face this calamity.

It is not easy to bear the loss. But if one thinks deeply, one cannot but face the facts and try to adjust oneself to life accordingly. I pray to God to give solace to the departed soul of your father and provide all of you with the strength to bear the loss.

Yours affectionately,
Radheshyam.

Question 6.
Write an application to the Principal of your school for the grant of full fee concession. (Imp)
Answer :
5601, Lakhe Nagar,
Jabalpur.
22nd Jan., 20……..

To
The Principal,
National Convent School,
Shankar Nagar,
Jabalpur.

Sub. : Grant of full fee concession.

Respected Sir,
I am a student of class XI, section ‘B’ of your school. I migrated from Hindu High School. Sir my father is a petty shopkeeper. We are six school going brothers and sisters. With petty earning my father is able to make two square meals. We live from hand to mouth. I have great interest in both the studies and sports. I have been the captain of my previous school cricket team. I secured first class in my X class examination. Keeping in view my performance in my studies and games, you would kindly grant me full fee concession so that I can complete my school education without extra burden on my father’s meager income.

Yours obediently,
Sourabh Roy.

Question 7.
Write a letter to your mother describing your school and complaining against the food you get in your school.
Answer :

23, Boys Hostel,
NCS, Sundar Nagar,
Sagar (M.P.).
21st Nov., 20………

My dear Mother,
I am worried to know from father’s letter that you are not keeping well. Please take care of your health properly.

You will glad to know that my school is located at a beautiful hill side. The view all around is green. The climate is also very pleasant here. Our hostel is situated within the school compound. Here we have all facilities like playground, library, mess, etc. However, you pained to know that the food served here is of poor quality. Mostly cold stale food is served. This has reduced my appetite. Anyway do not bother for me. Some way I will get accustomed to it. Take care of your health Mummy, I would have certainly come to see you personally but for my periodic tests. Please convey my regards to dear father and love to Tinku.

Yours affectionately,
Praveen.

Question 8.
Write an application to Deputy Commissioner of your zone for a district board scholarship to enable you to join college.
Answer :

13/285-Nehru Nagar,
Gwalior.
June 4th, 20………

The Deputy Commissioner,
Gwalior (M.P.).

Sub. : Grant of scholarship.

Sir,
I respectfully beg to apply for the grant of scholarship, to enable me to continue my studies in the university.
I appeared in the matriculation examination from the Delhi Public School, Maroda Bhilai and passed in 1st division.

I belong to a respectable zamindar family. My father is a lambardar of our village and several members of our family have served during world wartime : Now my father is a poor man and has to support a large family. Therefore, I need financial assistance to continue my studies.

I enclose my testimonials along with character certificate and T.C. I was a good student and I hope that you will consider my case sympathetically.

I have the honour to be your most obedient servant.

Thanking you,

Yours sincerely,
Bhawna Thakur.

Question 9.
Write a letter to the Sanitary Inspector of your town about the insanitary condition of your locality. (Imp)
To,
The Sanitary Inspector
Bhopal Municipal Corporation
Bhopal (M.P.).

Sir,
It is indeed regretting and unfortunate that the local civic bodies have remained indifferent towards the cleaning of our town.

Our town presently is in a sorry state of affairs.

There are no sweepers to clear the heaps of garbage that he unattended and start emitting foul smell. The garbage also attracts street dogs and pigs who scatter this garbage on the road. The drains of our locality are perpetually blocked and this creates totally insanitary and unhygienic conditions. Installation of dustbins in the locality has not really helped to improve the situation because even if people, make use of these dustbins to disposes of garbage, these dustbins are rarely emptied. It is advisable to supply big polythene litter bags, instead of dustbins, which make disposition of garbage easier. The water logging in the locality has proved an ideal breeding place for mosquitoes. The need of the hour is to have regular visits of officials from your department to inspect the locality and to have meetings with the residents of the locality in order to make our locality a better and hygienic place to live in.

I hope you will personally supervise this situations and well bring improvement in the situation very soon.

Date 27 Nov., 20……..

Yours sincerely,
Nitin
D-232, Devendra Nagar
Bhopal

Question 10.
Write a letter to the Editor of a local newspaper about the importance of knowing the first aid.
То
The Editor Hitavada
17th Nov. 20……….

Last week, I witnessed and accident near the school gate where a child fell down and hurt himself badly. The people standing around were unable to do anything except look on helplessly. It was at this movement that I realized the importance of knowing first-aid.

I feel that it is imperative for students specially and the people in general to at least have the basic knowledge of rendering first-aid in case of an emergency. The use of first-aid often helps us to sustain a life till proper medical aid is available. The knowledge of first-aid will prove helpful not only in case of an accident, but also to treat a burn victim, help a drowned casualty and at times just to stop one from bleeding. The importance of first-aid should be instilled into the minds of children at the school stage itself so that they do not panic in an accidental situation but cautiously and sensibly put their knowledge about rendering first-aid to the person who requires it into practice. Nothing is more precious to a person than his life and if timely use of first-aid can help someone till the time professional medical help is available, it can prove to be the life-saving remedy.

Yours truly,
Ajay Kumar.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions

MP Board Class 11th Special English Writing Skills Important Questions

I. PARAGRAPH WRITING

A paragraph is a short composition, relating to one idea.

Features :

• A paragraph is short, but there are no specific rules about how short it should be.
• The introduction of the subject may be given in the first sentences. It should rouse the interest of the reader.
• Logical sequence of thoughts should be maintained. One sentences should lead to the other.
• Sentences should have different types of construction and should vary in length.
• Unnecessary repetition of words should be avoided.
• Ambiguous words or phrases should be avoided.
• The conclusion may be stated in the last sentence.

1. Write a paragraph in about 100 words, how you would like to set up and decorate your room. You may use the following suggestions as well as your own ideas :

reflect personality — favorite color scheme — arrangement of furniture. sleeping area — study and work area – cupboard -decoration, posters etc.

A Room of My Own (M.P. 2013)

My rooms is a place of my own in our new house. I have planned to decorate it according to my heart. It will reflect my personality. The walls will be painted off-white : neither shining like ivory nor dull like cream. My bed cover, curtains and pictures will be matching or contrasting the color scheme of walls or ceiling. I’II like to avoid over-crowding my room. So I’ll keep minimum furniture–my bed, a study table, shelves for books and music system. I will put my painting on the front wall. The vase in the corner will have fresh flowers to make my room fragrant and beautiful.

2. Write a paragraph in about 100 words on the ‘Role of Students in National Development’. You may use the following suggestions as well as your own ideas :

pride of nation — uplift and development – global village — responsibility of youth. problems — techniques in agriculture_valuable guidance — self employment.

Role of Students in National Development

Students are the pride and glory of a nation. The can play a very constructive role in the progress, uplift and development of a country. Information Technology has turned the world into a global village. Our educated youth have a tremendous responsibility on their young shoulders. Our country is over-populated and beset with poverty, ignorance, illiteracy and superstitions. Students can enlighten the villagers about new techniques in agriculture. By making them literate, students provide them with valuable guidance in establishing cooperative societies. This will help in generating money through self-employment.

3. Air Pollution and Children

The biggest threat to a child’s health these days is air pollution. This is major cause of respiratory diseases among children, especially in big cities and towns. The number of vehicles on the roads is increasing day-by-day. These emit poisonous gases, which permeate the atmosphere and lead to diseases like asthma and even cancer. Many industries located in these cities also add to air pollution. The Government must do something concrete to prevent air pollution so that the people, especially children can live healthy lives.

4. School Annual Day And Prize Distribution Function (Imp)

The Annual Day and Prize Distribution Function of our school was celebrated on 18th – December this year. The Chief Guest, State Education Minister, was received by the principal and the members of the Staff. He inaugurated the function by lighting a lamp. The function began with invocation of Goddess Sarswati. Then the Principal read out the Annual Report. After a series of cultural performances, the chief guest honoured the outstanding students with medals and certificates. In a brief but inspirational speech the Chief Guest exhorted us to perform better. The function ended with the singing of the national anthem.

5. Where there is a Will there is a Way

When we are determined to do a thing however different is may be we find a way to do it. Napoleon well said Impossible is a word only to be found in the dictionary of fools. And he crossed the Alps. All the hurdles are conquered by persistent efforts. So our will must be strong enough to do a difficult task. Our goal is not very far if our will is very strong.

6. Work is Worship (Imp)

It is will said that hard work is a key to success. Success visits those who are diligent and industries. If we shirk work, we shall never prosper and shall never be happy. We shall bad a miserable life. In fact, we are the architect of our own fate. And it is hard work and continuous labour which clinch matters. Even if we are born with a silver spoon in mouth, we must inculcate the habit of hard work in us to sustain our inheritance. Hard work has built empire after empires. So we must take it for granted that there is no way to fortune except through hard labor.

7. Knowledge is Power (Imp)

Power does not flow from the barrel of the gun. It flows from the knowledge you are armed with it is through teh might of sheer knowledge that you can sway a scene. It is the procession of knowledge that makes masters the lack of it slaves. History bears testimony that it is not Hitlers or mussolins who rule our hearts but it is Einsteins or faradays who have pre-eminently enagaged our hearts and minds. A storehouse of knowledge is more powerful than a storehouse of arms.

8. Criminals are not Born but Circumstances make them (M.P. 2013)

Most people must have thought the wars occured due to the invention of weapons. It is also presumed that criminals are born due to weapons, but the truth of the matter is that criminals are not born but circumstances make them. Circumstances force a person to bring a change in the mind of the people. It is said that struggle creates struggle and peace creates peace. Circumstances of a person leads her/him towards the pit of criminals. At times due to hard life situation a person looses hope on god and is easily lead to the world of criminals. Thus, circumstances can play a vital role in turning a good human being to bad.

II. REPORT WRITING : NEWSPAPER REPORTS

Newspaper reports are objective description of events or thought-provoking essays.

Features :

• A newspaper report (or a report in the school magazine) is a factual account of events written in an objective manner in the form of a short article.
• It can also be a short essay, discussing an issue that affects many people.
• The report starts with an appropriate headline.
• Name of the place and date are mentioned in the beginning.
• The first sentence is usually an expansion of the headline.
• Facts shouit be accurate.
• The report should be objective.
• Views of the people concerned can be included. However, facts and views should be kept separate.

Examples

1. Bus Mows Down Siblings
(By local correspondent)

Ujjain, Dec. 12 : In what may be called a rather ghastly accident, two school children, a brother and a sister, were moved down by a city bus operating in the Free Ganj Area. The children were on their way back home from school walking down the road when a speeding bus which had swerved to the left to avoid collision with an auto-rickshaw coming from the opposite side, ran over the children. They died on the way to hospital.

The crowed on the husy road immediately reacted and prevented the bus driver from ‘making his escape. The angry mob pulled him out and beat him. He is in police custody.

Meanwhile the local police have arrested the owner of the bus. The bus has been impounded and the driver’s license has been confiscated. The S. P. (Traffic) has ordered an inquiry into the incident.

The parents are inconsolable.

2. Yesterday a fire broke out in the busy Bada Bazaar area. More than 1,000 shops were gutted. There has been a heavy loss of life and property. As a correspondent of a local daily, write a report.
Answer :

A Fire Accident (M.P. 2013)
(By local correspondent)

It was found yesterday that a fire broke out in the busy main market of Bada Bazaar Area last night: The fire flames were seen at about 9 o’clock at night the fire spread so fearfully and furiously that it covered the entire market in no time. The reporter by chance passing by the way caught hold of the incident and at once phoned the fire brigade. The fire brigade did appear in time but it took time to locate the water point. In the meantime more than 1000, shops were gutted, the fire scene became frightening. Numberless people gathered and tried to put the fire out. The fire brigade sprayed water continuously. Within, about four hours the fire subsided the damage is estimated near about 15 crores in all. The cause of fire is supposed to be by short-circuit. There is a heavy loss of life and property.

III. Diary ENTRY

A diary entry is the record of a person’s feelings or thoughts or activities during the course of a particular day.

Features :

• Diary entries are short compositions. They are like letters which one writes to one’s own self.
• They are written in an informal style.
• As the content of diary entries are generally about feelings, emotions and observation, it is a good practice to use a logical and coherent style,

1. Sonali wrote this diary entry on her Annual Sports Day
December 12
Tuesday
I was so nervous standing on the far side of racetrack. The stadium was almost filled to the capacity. As the last runner of the 4 x 100 metres relay. I had the final responsibility to defend the honour of my House. But I felt feel shaking. Was it at, physical weakness? Or was my mind playing tricks on me? I closed my eyes and prayed to God to give me the strength. The sound of the whistler told me the race had began. The roar of the spectators was deafening. All the children were cheering their houses, and the parents their children. I still could not open my eyes. Suddenly, I remembered what Papa had told me before the race. “Sonu, remember, it is just a race. There will be only one winner. But that does not mean that my daughter will be a loser even if she loses the race.’ My eyes opened. The race was almost three-quarters over. Maria, who had to hand over the baton to me in the final lap, was almost ten feet behind the runner from the Green House. “Maria, come on !’ I shouted. The change over was smooth, and I ran with all my might. All the sounds, all the roar became meaning less. I had to reach the finish line. I had to make up for the ten feet gap. And I had to beat the Green House. But I dared not look over my shoulder. I just ran. Another roar sounded in my ears, with cheers of ‘Red House !’ As I crossed the finish line, I realized I had beaten the Green house girl. I had won! Red House had won !

On the victory podium, I stood proudly with my team-mates, my eyes searching for Papa and Mama. I could not locate them. But I knew they were at me, only at me. Their girl, who was not a loser.

IV. E-MAIL WRITING

To :
[email protected]

Cc:
[email protected]

Subject :
Congrats !
Hi Ajay,
Great to know u got the job!
When do we get the treat?
Akshay

Compose e-mail messages on the following themes :
1. You are Deepa. Compose an e-mail to your friend Jaya whose address is [email protected], asking her to mail you the pictures she had collected for the science project.
Answer :
To :
Jaya [email protected]

Cc:
——–

Subject :
Science Project.
Hi jaya ! U’v got the pictures for science projects send them to me soon.
Deepa

2. You are Managing Director of Agro-products Ltd. Write an e-mail massage wishing Happy Diwali on behalf of your firm, intended to be sent to three of your vice presidents.
(Hint: Write one e-mail address in the ‘To’box and other two in the ‘Cc’box separated by a semi-colon).
Answer :
To:
[email protected]

Cc:
Darshan 101 @rediffmail.com;
[email protected]

Subject :
Happy Diwali
Hi Everyone
I wish Happy Diwali to all of you on behalf of Agro Products Ltd. We pray this Diwali brings more joy & prosperity to your family.
Anju Sharma
MD

V. Writing Advertisements

Advertisements are mostly used to publicize products and services and to give information,

Features :

• Advertisements can be broadly divided into two categories : classified advertisements and display advertisements.
• Classified advertisements are put under definite headings for easy reference such as : Situation Vacant, Matrimonial and Education.
• Display advertisements are meant for publication as well as display as signboard, hoarding, filmslide etc.
• Display advertisements have catchy headlines or punch lines. ..
• Display advertisements are made attractive by using visuals like photographs, cartoons, logos, attractive fonts etc.

1. Examples : Classified Advertisement

Alliance invited for Nigam, 32/
170, Doctor MS (Ortho.) hand
some boy working in Mumbai,
salary five figures, from doctor
girl. Caste no barrier. Please
write with photograph to Box
No. 31402/07, Dainik Bhasker,
Indore.

Required teachers, preferably female
for teaching the following languages:
FREN DII, GERMAN, ARABIC &
ENGLISH Attractive salary, Contact
with resume: MD. ‘Linguistics’ E-4/900
Area Colony, Bhopal.

2. Display Advertisement

Vi. Formal Report Writing

Ravi Bajaj’s School adopted a village for a literacy project. His Principal has asked him, as the leader of the literacy group, to write a report on the progress made after three months.
Answer :
From : Ravi Bajaj
To : The Principal
Model School, Jhabua
30, Nov. 2013

Literacy Report : Village Peepal Haat, Distt. Jhabua

I have been asked to submit a short report on the progress made so far in the Literary Project in the adopted village, Peepal Haat. The following are the finding and recommen dations.

The project started on 4 July and regular classes are being held for two hours every alternate day. On an average, 48 illiterates attend the classes.

Initially the adults were reluctant to learn. Gradually they overcame their inhibitions and now they even discuss their confusions. Most of them are found to be making a serious attempt to learn to read and write. A few of them have expressed their gratitude to the school for providing them with the opportunity.

Since there is a marked improvement in attendance, it is recommended that the hours of teaching be increased. Alternatively, classes may be taken every day. More students may be assigned the duty of teaching illiterates, as this itself is a learning process.

It is felt that the period of three months is very short for a proper assessment. A detailed evaluation would be done at later stage.

Ravi Bajaj
Group Leader

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions Essay Writing

1. Forest and Human Life (M.P. 2009, 13)

Planting trees is called plantation and a huge area covered with a number of trees of different variety and quality are called forests, the need is to protect them and save them from illegal cutting and destruction. To encourage tree plantation and to develop an understanding and love for trees, government from time to time has launched many programmes all over the country and it has resulted that today we see a number of green trees on the roadside and along the railway track. Just as we need garments to cover and decorate our body similarly to increase the beauty of the earth trees are important. These trees not only decorate the earth but supply man with many important and necessary things. The first and foremost it supplies life saving oxygen to man, it brings rainfall and also is home of beautiful birds and animals.

Forest feeds many industries with raw material which are used for making products that are in demand thus forest helps in raising the economic condition of the country. Most of the present industries like paper, oil, rubber, etc. depend on forest for raw materials. These forests are also beneficial for these provide herbs and medicinal oil for preparing various medicines as well as artificial milk from the sap of the cow tree.

Forest helps to clean the atmosphere and purity air as well as make it pleasant. Today most of our forests are protected areas and are sanctuary that helps the government to earn foreign currency everyyear. Today world is alert towards the need of forest for human and world’s survival that a number of worldwide programmes been launched. In India every year we celebrate “Van Mahotsav’, it encourages tree plantation over wasteland to protect top soil. It is the present need of the mother earth.

2. Importance of Newspaper (Imp)
Or
Role of Free Press in Democracy

A free press is the champion of the people’s rights and the enemy of oppression. It supports every good cause and exposes every false belief. It is the agent of truth, justice and civilization. People cannot be made slaves where press is free. In a democracy, the importance of press is even greater. The chief function of the press should be to protect the people from their rules. A free press works for the welfare of the people. It is the voice of the nation. It speaks fearlessly on national issues.

The most important function of a newspaper is to educate public opinion. It supplies accurate information to its readers. It is the eye-ope ler of the government and the public. It serves as a forum for the people. Through it people may know freely what is going on in the world. A free newspaper is the guardian of the people. It fights against authoritarian forces, injustice and exploitation.

The press acts as a public enquiry commission. Antinational and antisocial elements are afraid of the press because it brings to light their misdeeds. If the press is public-spirited it acts in an objective manner. No wonder then our politicians are more afraid of the newspa pers than the people.

It is the newspaper that exposes the misdeeds of the government. A controlled press is an insult to the nation. People must be free to express their opinion in the newspapers. It is a pity that in our country the newspapers are controlled by the capitalist class. All the newspapers cater the interest of the rich. They seldom espouse the cause of the poor of the underprivileged classes. The newspapers that create communal hatred are the enemies of the public. They spread false alarms. They excite violence. Government must put rigorous restriction on the publication of such reports. It causes a threat to the unity of the nation.

3. The Problem of Unemployment in India (Imp)

The problem of unemployment is the most difficult problem that faces our country. After so many years of independence, the problem has become more acute. There are more unemployed persons that they were at the time of independence. All the development plans have failed to provide employment to our young men and women. The number of job seekers on the registers of Employment Exchanges has multiplied.

There are several causes for the increased unemployment in India. Rapid industrialisation is one of them. Galloping birth rate and defective education system are some of other causes. The population of our country is increasing at an alarming rate. Whatever is achieved in terms of additional jobs is not too enough by fresh hands seeking unemployment.

India is still an underdeveloped nation. Ours is a rich country inhabited by the poor. It means that India is rich in natural resources, but they need exploitation. There is still a great scope for expansion on all fronts. There is enough barren land which can be brought under cultivation. More dams could be built and more electricity should be generated. We still need schools, hospitals, dispensaries, libraries and community centres. All these can provide work to millions.

Not much attention has been paid to handicraft and cottage industry. We must persuade our young people to engage themselves on these neglected areas of work. The government must make a provision for special subsidy for cottage industry in order to rehabilitate it.

Our education should be made job-oriented. But our education is liberal education. It has produced only babus. They are fit for nothing but clerical jobs which they do not get. Dignity of labour must be taught to the young. Machinery should be used carefully so that it does not displace workers. A proper coordination between industrial development and employment opportunities is required to be developed. Lure for machinery must be checked.

We must also check the fast growing population. This is of foremost importance. Unless this is achieved, no plan can give desired results. Family planning has to be popularised among the ignorant villagers who continue to be superstitious in the matter concerning births. Dignity of labour must be brought home to all. No work is low. We must not hesitate to use the hands and feet that God has given us. Our young must change their outlook if the cancer of unemployment has to be removed from our society.

4. T. V. and Education
Or
The Educational Value of T.V.
(M.P. 2015)

Television is the wonderful invention of the present century. It is becoming very popular as a means of education throughout the world. In the western countries, the schools make full use of television in making education as effective and interesting as possible. In our country, it is still in its infancy. But the new education policy announced recently has laid sufficient stress on the modern aids of education and television has been given its due place. In Delhi schools, television is freely used as a means of education.

No one can deny the fact that television is the most effective means of imparting education. In scientific education in particular, good programmes on the television can easily make up for a bad teacher or an ill-equipped laboratory. Its audio-visual quality makes teaching through television more effective. It has a lasting imprint on the minds of the students. The importance of teaching subjects like Geography on television cannot be underes timated. The students can be shown actual Geographical facts and phenomena on television. They can be shown the rise of the monsoon winds from the Indian Ocean and their advancement to the land and mountains, resulting in monsoon rainfall throughout India. They can also be shown the lunar or solar eclipses.

The importance of using audio-visual aids while teaching other subjects also cannot be denied. It is true that a television lesson has the obvious disadvantages of the absence of student participation but this disadvantage can be overcome by planning a lesson in such a way that it can take of all possible reactions and by making the teacher discuss the problems of individual students at the end of a lesson. The actual celebration of some of the national days can be effectively shown on television. The students can listen to the speeches of our national leaders and can be benefited by it.

Sports have become an important part of our education system. Effective coaching in various sports can be given with the help of television. Actual test matches and other international sports events have inspired many a budding player.

One of the most important part of our planning in education is that of adult education. Television is a very useful medium of entertaining and enlightening our grown-up masses. If used properly, television can enlighten our ignorant masses.

5. Aim in Life (Imp)
Or
The Choice of a Profession

“Aimless man is a boat without a rudder.” There are many professions that are open to young men and women. Teaching is one. It is a noble profession and it gives one an opportu nity of shaping the lives of young boys and girls and make them useful members of society. A teacher has to work very hard but the remuneration he gets for his hard work is extremely meagre. Then there is a law. There is much money in this profession but it kills the con science of the person who adopts this profession. Many a time a lawyer has to defend a criminal or a murderer and this is nothing short of committing the crime himself. That is why Mahatma Gandhi called the lawyer’s profession a liar’s profession. Lastly, there is business with its glittering gold but its financial implications deter me from entering business.

I would like to become a doctor. I have many reasons for choosing this profession. First, the medical profession is considered a very noble profession, rather the noblest by the rich and the poor alike. A doctor enjoys a social prestige and status hard to come by in other professions. Whatever people might think of teachers, engineers or businessmen, they always think very highly of doctors. There are a few doctors who do not follow the ethical methods and bring disrepute on their profession. But such doctors are happily very few indeed. I would follow medical ethics rather scrupulously. Another reason why I want to choose this profession is that it is an independent profession. One need not dance attendance upon rich and the great for advancement. Success is yours provided you are ready to take pains, adopt sympathetic attitude, and provide selfless and dedicated service. If a person is really sincere in his work even financial success can be achieved. There is no limit to a doctor’s income. And then the social status enjoyed by a doctor is just great. Man’s ambition in life is not only to amass wealth but also serve his fellow beings. And who can serve suffering humanity better than a doctor. He can bring smile on the glum face of a sick man. To save a person from the jaws of death is the highest act of charity and nobility. These are some of the reasons that have prompted me to adopt this noblest of profession.

6. Population Problem in India
(M.P. 2009)

Population problem is one of the biggest problem today faced by the world. India is facing this problem from a long time back, more than a crore has been added in our census since, 1947 and if it goes on like this the situation will become critical.

This problem has given rise to many other problems like food, employment, houses etc., and industrialization has added fuel to it. Industries have added pollution problem to the rapid increase of population. Insanitation and rapid increase in some areas have only added to this problem giving it a more severe look. Today it seems that this situation has gone out of our hand.

The rapid development in the field of medical science an average life-span of man has increased, as a result there is a downward trend in the death rate even the child mortality rate has reduced as a result there has been a rapid increase in population.

Indian were basically orthodox in their outlook and regarded birth control as a sin, but today due to rapid development of education and scientific knowledge the traditional outlook is fast-changing but still we have miles to go before any definite solution can be found, unless our villages are not made literate all scientific development will continue to become meaningless.

Under the leadership of Smt. Indira Gandhi a number of programmes had been launched to tackle the situation. The marriage age of the girls was increased to 18 years and child marriages were banned. Spread of education also helped in increasing the age of marriages for girls or boys alike. Family planning education programmes were launched and popularized. This enlightened the people towards their moral responsibility. They owed to the country. If we want our country to progress, we have to teach average man the value of small i planned family. We also need to revive our cottage industries and propagate the value of adult education so that our villagers understand the importance of small family.

7. The Importance of Games and Sports
(M.P. 2009, 10, 13, 15)

Games are necessary part of education. Just as books form part of education, games and sports also form part of education. Books enlighten the mind but games refresh the body. In a word, books and games are complementary to each other. For students both are essential.

The fitness of man is absolutely necessary to live a life worth. If a person is always engrossed in books he is bound to be dull and lifeless. So, books and games both are necessary for a student. Life without charm if one is not healthy. Games and sports go a long way in keeping a man healthy and fit.

Games are compulsory in schools. One period is reserved for games. But in colleges this is not the same. Many students never come to the playfield. Some ways must be devised so, that every youngman can be attracted towards the playground.

Games keep us healthy and in good spirits. After a game one feels refreshed and ready for the work of the day. Games also develop a sense of fellow feeling and comradeship on people. Team games are especially helpful in this regard. They teach us the spirit of following the orders of a fellow player, who happens to be our captain. However, games must not be played with the spirit of enmity. On the playfield persons who happen to be in a rival team are not our enemies but our opponents. On the playfield it is immaterial as to who wins and who loses, what is important is that the game is played with the spirit of the game. So, games can teach us the lesson of friendship. Games also inculcate in us a sense of discipline. Disci pline is the most important thing in the life of a man. Only those people succeed in their lives who lead a disciplined life and no place is better than a playfield to teach us about the discipline. An undisciplined man is bound to fail in the game of life. Further, games and sports help us to fight against the menace of caste, creed and colour. On a playfield one is only a player and a partner or opponent. He is not a Hindu or Muslim or Sikkh.

However, excessive indulge in games is bound to be harmful. Too much play is harmful to health as well. Then spending too much time on the playfield will-mean less time for studies for a student. So, there must be right balance between games, studies and other activities of life.

8. If I were the Prime Minister of India (Imp)

Man by nature is a dreamer and often dream of things that are nowhere real and far from becoming a fact. I too dream of becoming a Prime Minister of India if given a chance and choice. As a Prime Minister I would introduce many reforms both in social, economic and education circle.

The first thing I would do is to introduce and make moral education compulsory. I would remove poverty from the country and introduce reforms in agriculture granting loan so that young boys can start their own work.

As a Prime Minister I would stress up on spreading education so that the ignorance of superstition present in the society is removed and make a secular state in the true sense and would see that no political party favours any particular religion and no such thing or law are done that would hurt the sentiments of the people.

I shall set such an example of selfless service to the people that my successor may emulate my example. Such is my vision. If I ever get an opportunity to become the Prime Minister of India.

9. India of My Dream

World is fast moving towards the 21st century and it is essential that we redesign India and make it a world of dream which is bound to be different from what it is now.

It is the need that India should be conscious of her national identity as we prefer to identity ourselves on the basis of our community rather than identifying ourselves as an Indian, this tendency disintegrates us and diverts us from our goal. Let us on this 15th Aug. pledge ourselves to be Indian and to call ourselves Indian. The freedom and the development of the nation depends largely upon how far we are united and how strong our ties with one another are, for there is no short cut to peace and harmony as well as development.

For a powerful and resurgent India, education is vital and basic need, our constitution also guarantees it. It is the government’s responsibility to provide facility of education for all, therefore it has made education free for all students of up to 14 years age, but unfortunately even after 50 years of our Independence we have not been able to achieve the goal in spite of providing all that facilities and utilising all resources we have failed to reach the goal. Therefore, the present need is to utilise all the resources and achieve the target set, so that an enlightened Indian enters into the 21st century.

India, as we know is not free from problem and has always come out victorious in tackling them. The biggest problem of the day is the population explosion which has failed all achievements and eaten up our success therefore, it has be very essential that the growth rate of population be checked, then only the fruits of success will come our way otherwise not.

An average Indian’s dream should be to enter the new century free from problems and that can be attained only through firm determination and sensible timely decision, the national wealth should be evenly distributed so that the true meaning of socialism is attained by the time we enter new era.

We all desire to see India as a well-developed and advanced nation, that is self- sufficient in her needs, therefore, the need is to leave parochial tendencies and do our share of work to make India a heaven of peace and prosperity, then only the India of our dream will come to life.

10. Places of Tourist Interest in M.P. (Imp)

Tourism is a flourishing industry these days. It is an important means of eaming valuable foreign exchange for every country. India, with her rich legacy, is a paradise for tourists on earth. People from America and Europe visit our country in great numbers and try to see the beauty of the country. Madhya Pradesh lies in the heart of India is also a tourists attraction.

The most important tourist centre of the state is Khajuraho. This town is situated near Chhatarpur. There is a regular air service to this town. Although it is not connected with rail, yet it is connected with almost every tourist town of the state through bus service. The town is famous for its temples built by the Chandel kings, nearby there is also a cluster of Jain temples. Every tourist who visits Agra also visits Khajuraho.

Sanchi is another tourist paradise. It boasts of the famous stupas which tell us about Buddhist culture. It was a flourishing town in the past. In 1952, on the occasion of the 2500th birth anniversary of Lord Buddha a new stupa arid temple were erected here. It is near Bhopal and is connected by direct train and bus services.

Bhopal, which is now the capital of the state boasts of some ancient monuments. The town was established in very ancient times by Raja Bhoj and hence, it is called Bhojpal or Bhopal. Here are heavy industries like, Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL). Indore is also a place of historical interest. Near Indore is Dhar which has the famous forts of Bag Bahadur and Rani Roopmati. The town is a poem of stones. Gwalior is another famous centre of tourists attraction. The old fort of Gwalior is worth seeing. Now the fort has fa mous Scindhia School. It is a historical monument. Jabalpur situated on the banks of the Narmada, is famous for its marble rocks. Another important historical place is Ujjain. It was once the seat of Lord Vikramaditya, who is considered to be the wisest king ever born in India. The famous temple of Mahakal is also situated here. Today it is an important educa tional centre. It is one of the oldest town of the state and is famous for its Kumbha Fair, which is help once every twelve years…

Among other places of tourist interest may be mentioned is Pachmarhi, the only hill station of the state. Other towns of historical importance are Burhanpur, Vidisha, Rewa. Rewa is famous for its white tigers. Vidisha also boasts of some tourists attraction. Thus, we can say that Madhya Pradesh is a tourist paradise in India.

11. Unity is Strength (Imp)
(M.P. 2013)

India is a vast country and the Indian society is divided and subdivided into many castes and sub-castes speaking different languages. To bring all these on one platform is ..rather a difficult job, therefore efforts are being made to cultivate feeling of one nationality.

History reminds us of that from time to time. Our differences had breathed trouble for us and it was because of this disunity that we suffered 200 years of slavery. To a certain extent introduction of English and various means of transportation which were swifter, brought people closer and knitted them on common grounds. This closeness gave birth to common thoughts and outlook both on social and political ground. Yet the most essential aspect is yet to develop even today and that is, we all are Indians first and Indian last than only the differences and diversion will be shed and also stop communal riots.

India, has been from time to time threatened by many agitations. Some of these are still lingering in air like Assam problem, where non-Assamees are called foreigners, than — Punjab which burnt for many years under the fire of terrorism and such other problem in various parts of India pose a threat to India’s unity and integrity making people forget their nationality and the power of unity.

Unless Indians realize their role in democracy and look upon themselves as an Indian and not as Sikh, Punjabi, Marathi, etc., they cannot hope to present a united front before their enemies. The media can play an important role in developing this feeling of national unity.

It has been rightly said “External vigilance is the prize of liberty”. India’s present need is to be vigilant against the jeopardy of casteism, communalism if it wants to retain its freedom. We have to present a united front before our enemies like, China and Pakistan.

The bottom line is “United we stand, divided we fall.”

12. Position of Women in Ancient and Modern India

“Gods reside where women are respected” In the days of the epic age, women enjoyed a great respect among the people. They had an equal part in administration, warfare and education. It is a well known fact that kaikeyi the queen of Dashrath, joined hands with him in the battlefield and was therefore, granted two boons by him for her meritorius services. We are also not unaware of Lilawati in · who had been the pioneer for Indian astronomy. The wife of Madan Mishra defeated Shankaracharya in the vedic discussions.

During the Muslim rule, women were pushed into the background but there also the noble examples of Durgawati, Chand Bibi and Jijabai are exemplary. Many women poets like Mirabai adorned our Hindi literature. We can not forget the bravery of Lakshmi Bai, the Rani of Jhansi whose valour threatened great English generals in 1857.

It was Raja Ram Mohan Rai, who took up again the cause of Indian women during the early years of the 19th century, with whose efforts came the abolition of the ‘Sati system.’ It was due to his courageous work that Indian women dared to come out of purdah. The women of India played an important part in the freedom movement.

Now, the position of women in free India is very secure. ‘Child marriage’ and ‘Sati system are things of the past. Purdah has been cast aside by the Indian women and now every girl has to study. The Hindu law has given girls also a share in father’s property.

Indian women are marching shoulder to shoulder in every walk life, but despite all the advances made by them, Indian women are still ignorant and illiterate in great majority. It is the duty of the government to make education compulsory to infuse in women the value of self help. If India is to become truly prosperous, women should be paid special attention.

13. Menace of Terrorism in India – (Imp)

Terrorism is the bone of modern times. In general it is considered to be the use of violence of political ends. It is infact deliberate and systematic murder maining and menacing of the innocent to inspire fear for political end. Terrorism is the threat or use of violence by an individual of group whether acting for when such action is designed to create internal anxiety and public terror. It is not mindless as many people make us believe. It is deliberate and planned. It is a deliberate means to an end.

It the past terrorism was the strategy of the poor and down trodden against the ruthless tyrants. However today the moss, representing the terrorism, are not poor. Besides it, terrorism are getting modern weapons by which to achieve their arms. Some present-day terrorism groups have quite clearly acquired the characteristic once attributed to tyranny. This is the picture that emerges from the terrorist activities in Punjab.

Terrorism mainly springs from political frustration. Political parties and groups that are not able to annex from power by lawful and political means try to grab it by terrorist activities. They spare no pains to achieve their goals by whatever means they can. Unemployed frustrated youths easily become a prey to mechanisation of such disgruntled politicians.

Terrorism also takes the form hijacking of planes and kidnapping of diplomats other prominent citizens so that the demands of the terrorists could be conceded. Terrorism keep changing their ways of operation so that they are not easily caught.

In Punjab, we are witnessing the worst form terrorism today. Almost everyday news is brought about merciless killing of people. The events took an ugly turn after the assignation of Smt. Indira Gandhi. In the wake of her murder communal fury raged over the whole country. Pakistan, which has always wanted to find India in trouble was got a nice opportunity to send armed terrorists across the border to make Punjab unsteady. Although, the terrorism in Punjab have been isolated, yet the menace of terrorism in Punjab is far from over. Assam is also suffering greatly under terrorism.

Instances of state terrorism are also not tacking. In 1985 the Israel Govt. bombed a Tunisian territory so, that it could get rid of Vassar Arafat who was known to be living there. : Most governments are trying to fight this menace by setting up anti-terrorist squads consisting of specially, trained commandos who can spring to action at the slightest pretext. The remedy lies not in forming anti-terrorist squads, it lies in training in minds of the youths in constructive channels. Satisfied people will not take to the path of terrorism.

14. Science and Civilisation (M.P. 2012, 13)

Science has been the wonderful phenomena for mankind. It has considerably altered the world by its wonderful discoveries and invention. Revolutionary changes have been brought about which could not have taken place in the absence of science. It is science that produced and development of human civilisation. The process of science has been a potent factor to shape the history of man’s civilisation on earth. Our forefathers lived a primitive life, and we are now living in an atomic age. This long leap from the jungle to the atomic civilisation could be possible only through science. The concept of civilization is different from that of culture. Civilisation includes the physical development while culture signifies the inner growth. All the industrial, agriculture and technological developments are the essential parts of a developing civilisation. We are now living in a world of dazzling glitter. Machines have reduced much of the human labour and suffering. They are serving humanity like faithful servants. Ours is a push-button civilisation which depends upon tools, implements and machines.

. There are specific features that make a civilisation full. The entire structure of civilisation stands on some solid factors. The first condition for a true civilisation is that it must include the fulfilment of the primary human necessities just as food, clothing and housing. It is a matter of proud privilege that the present generation is enjoying better living conditions. We have better clothes to wear better and nourishing food to eat and a better house to live in than our ancestors. In this respect, we can assume an easy superiority over them. There is no denying the fact that it is science which has made our living conditions better. We must be grateful to science for its many benefits.

The other factor which makes a civilisation meaningful and useful is leisure. If a civilisation cannot provide leisure to the people, it is not a civilisation of human beings but of brutes. If a person is busy filling his belly from morning to evening, he does nothing different from what an animal does. The poor fellow struggles for survival throughout his whole life and this is what the people hunting and pastoral age did.

Science has bestowed numerous gifts on mankind. Means of transport and communications, medical facilities, electricity, culture machinery, recreational facilities etc. are such gifts of science to man. The blessings of science have made human life smooth and easy. Unfortunately the gifts of science have not been shared by all human beings equally. No civilisation is complete unless and the gifts of science are enjoyed by all. The gap between the rich and the poor has widened. This has hampered the uniform development of our civi lisation.

Science has invited lethal weapons which can destroy mankind in a twinkling of an eye. Thę atomic weapons have multiplied. Science can take away from us in a movement what it has given to us during the last several ages.

The terror of war is always hanging upon our heads like the sword of Democles. The survival of humanity is facing a horrible. The future of our civilisation is uncertain if the atomic weapons spark the Third World War. If science has made civilisation strong on one hand, it has made it weak on the other. If the gifts of science are not properly used, time is not far we shall see the end of human civilisation.

15. Democracy in India

India is said to be the largest democracy in the world in terms members. Democracy is the form of government in which people’s will is supreme. Since in the present-day big countries, it is not possible for the entire population of a country to gather at one place and deliberate and control the whole affairs. Government is therefore, carried by the elected representatives of the people. Of all the political forms of governments, democracy is considered to be all best. Democracy is therefore, the most cultured and civilised political institution.

Democracy is the temple in which there is only idol to be worshipped and that is the idol of the people. Democracy provides, to its people, freedom of thought, speech and action. Elections are held after a certain specified number of years. General Elections have been held in India for several times. It shows that the foundation of democracy here are stable. In comparison, in most of the neighbouring countries, like Pakistan, Bangladesh, sudden over throw of Governments have been witnessed. Army rule has been imposed in those countries and people enjoy less freedom as we do in India.

It is not mere holding of elections that is important, but people in India have developed mature judgements. When they found that a particular political party failed to represent their feelings, people of India have voted that party out. In 1977, the Congress (1) was defeated at the polls. Within two and half years, when the Indian people felt that the Janata Government was unable to deliver the good, they brought back Congress again. In the recent past, also many surprising political changes have been witness in the State elections. In Haryana and Punjab, the Congress was defeated at the elections. This is despite the fact that majority of the electorate is still not very highly educated. But by and large, people in India have developed mature judgement which is imperative for the success of democracy. The Indian electorate has once again votes the Congress out of power in the recent general elections. Very recently a new trend of governance has emerged in the sense that no political party could gain majority which resulted in the formation of coalition government continuously for two consecutive terms first by the NDA and second by of UPA.

It is a matter of serious concern that many drawbacks have crept into our democratic structure. Majority of the political leaders in our country have become corrupt and self-seeking. At times, one finds that democracy in our country is no longer the government of the people, for the people and by the people. It is only a handful self-secking leaders who are ruling the country without any regard to the public welfare which should be the important aspect of any democracy. Once elected, the ruling party forgets the voters and starts filling up their own coffers. This is certainly not healthy for the continuance of democracy. When we compare Indian democracy with that in England, we wonder at our public morality. The politicians here feel reluctant to leave their seats of power once voted by the people. For the success of democracy in our country what we require is clean public life of the politicians. The recent scandals about the Fairfax and Bofors have given a shock to the democratic setup in India. If the people of our country are vigilant only then there lies some hope for the future of democracy in India.

16. A Visit to a Historical Place (M.P. 2009)
“History makes a full man.”

-Nehru

There are many historical places in our country. Some of them are so important that people from foreign countries come to visit them. Mostly they are situated either in big cities. or near them. In almost all states of India, there are places of great historical importance. Such places have their value educationally also. Visits to such places give a novel angle of thinking apart from the pleasure of tour.

It was during Dashera holidays that our class decided to go on a visit to Agra where the most beautiful monument, the Tajmahal stands with all its grandeur and loveliness. Our teacher accompanied us in this tour. We made this long journey by train. At Agra, we hired a big hall for our stay.

After taking rest for a while, our teacher contacted a guide to lead us to the Taj. It was almost dusk, when we reached the spot. We saw the Tajmahal, an unequalled magnificent building situated on the bank of the sacred river ‘Yamuna’, surrounded by beautiful gardens and ponds. Its architecture was unique. The guide explained every historical detail to us.

The Tajmahal was built by the emperor Shahjahan in memory of his beloved empress Mumtaz Begum. It is so finely built with marble slabs that the joints are not visible. It appears as if everything is carved and engraved on an enormous marble stone. The beautiful scenes of the location enhance its magnificence. The guide showed us every corner of the building. We sat in the garden for a long time and enjoyed the glamour of the Taj.

Very soon night befell. It was a moonlight night. The silvery light of the moon spread all over and the whole environment was cool and soothing. The grandeur of the glorious monument was further enhanced by the moonlight. It actually demonstrated the soft and deep feelings of Shahjahan for Mumtaz Begum.

The next day we went to see some other places of historical importance situated nearby. The other day we went to Delhi and visited the Parliament House, India gate and Rastrapati Bhawan, In the end we went to Rajghat to pay our tribute to Late Rastrapita ‘Gandhiji’.

Finally we started on our return journey in a cheerful mood. All through out the journey we talked about ihe pleasant experiences that we bore in our minds. The splendour of the Taj had left a deep impression on our hearts. At last we reached home in a fresh and jolly mood.

I narrated the whole show to my parents and younger brothers and sisters who were equally happy to hear the same.

17. Communal Harmony

Amity between the commuities in the country and absence of any friction and tension among them is known as communal harmony. In countries like India, it is very important, being a precondition to internal peace, which is essential for progress and development of the country. As we know, India has got multiplicity of religions and very nature of the culture is composite. But religion has never been a source of conflict between the communities in Indian soceity. Mutual tolerance and high regards for other religions is an age-old tradition of the country. Still tha vested interest has always been active to create disharmony between them. There were, however not a single instance some years back where obstruction in religious performance has been a cause of communal riots. This phenomenon in the Indian context is politically motivated and has always been engineered by vested interests. It were there at the time of the foreign rule as well as in post-independence era.

Communal harinony as such is highly sensitive an issue and cannot be soft pedalled any more in view of our traditional values composite cultural heritage and secular character of out state. But the main problem is how to maintain communal harmony as administrative and social levels. There is lack of political consciousness among the common people due to literacy. Secondly antisocial and professional criminals have been playing a key role in communal riots and flare-ups as agents of vested interests and their hirelings. Finally, there is need of an effective mechanism to deal with it. Present mechanism is not so smooth. It lacks coordination and people’s involvement. The intelligence agencies reports in advance to the District and State authorities about the communal tension and the element actively associated with growing tension and potentials of disturbances etc. But generally no action is taken and authorities wait for the riots. It is only thereafter that police moves in for action and curfew is clamped to control the situation. During curfew arrests are made for violations.

For the last ten years Ram Janmbhoomi-Babari Masjid issue is a major root of commu al disharmony. Muslims and Hindus are face to face with each other on this issue. In the earlier the communal riots on this issue have taken many lives in Gujarat. Three bogies of a train in which Ramsevaks were returning from Ayodhya were burnt by a mob of 2000 Muslim fundamentalists at Godhara railway station. In which 58 persons were burnt alive. Suddenly in reaction of it, Hindus started burning the properties and men and women in different areas of Gujarat.

To begin with, therefore, the first things is to have a fresh look as it and amend our approach accordingly. Foremost in the process thus is resolute toil on the part of government to protect the foundation pillar of the Indian state. We must tackle the situation wisely.

With fresh approach to the problem fresh measures are also to taken to deal with it effectively. The measures would include suitable amendments in the existing applicable law, pertaining to apprehension of breach of peace and criminal conspiracy against the state and people of India. A new mechanism involving individuals and social organisation on different levels to watch vigil over the situation replacing existing local peace committees will have to be evolved to help the administrative machinery is taking preventive and follow-up action in cases of attempts and conspiracy of breach of communal harmony. This will lead our country to the path of glory.

18. Problem of Pollution in India
Or.
Pollution (Imp)

Science and industry have made human life easier, healthier and happier. But these have also brought about the problem of pollution. Today pollution has assumed so gigantic proportions that the very existence of human life is in jeopardy. If pollution continues to increse unchecked that day is not for when life would become difficult. Even beautiful buildings like Taj Mahal are facing the danger of losing their lustre because of the pollution in river Yamuna.

Pollution may be in water and air. The pollution of water is mainly caused by the flow of industrial, hospital waste and city sewage into the river and lakes. Surface water is full of all sorts of impurities. The discharge of industrial and other wastes into rivers and lakes has made water poisonous. It is causing incalculable harm to life on earth, Jaundice has become a very common disease today.

The pollution of air is no less dangerous. It is mainly caused by petrol and diesel that are used for driving vehicles, railway and other machines. Air pollution is also caused by the indiscriminate felling of trees. Overpopulation is another cause of air pollution. Big cities are especially prone to air pollution. The result of research, carried out in the United States of America, on air pollution are simply alarming. This research showed air pollution is imperceptibly causing changes in weather conditions and the earth is becoming cooler. The last ice age on the earth took place due to the fall in temperature by 4°C (Celsius). Who knows we are heading towards another ice age.

Another significant cause of pollution is nuclear fall out. Hiroshima and Nagasaki are burning examples of the danger of nuclear and atomic fall out. These cities are suffering from the cause of the fall out. Although atomic bombs were thrown over these cities more than forty five years back.

Although Govt. of India has taken measures to check air as well as water pollution, pollution can be checked if dependence on mechanization is lessened. Humanity and civilization can survive only if the problem of pollution is tackled successfully. Hence, no time must be lost in fighting pollution. Our Earth is the only inhabited planet. It is our duty to preserve it and its civilization.

19. Pollution : Need for Environmental Consciousness

The unsustainable life styles and consumption patterns of the industrialized countries have led to the worst environmental degradation. As far back as in 1992, Earth Summit at Rio de Janiero highlighting the fact adding that poverty is the main setback in controlling and reforming of the environmental pollution for the poor and developing countries. It called for a global partnership for environmental protection. Agenda 21 adopted Reo de Janiero addressed the pressing problems of the day with over 2500 recommendations for action in social and economic areas, such as combating povery, changing patterns of production and resumption conserving and managing natural resources, protecting our atmosphere, oceans and bio-diversity, preventing deforestation and protecting sustainable agriculture.

The major problems of the environment are recognised as global climatic change, ozone depletion, water and air pollutions deforestation, and resource, degradation. 23 billion tones of carbon dioxide is released in the air by burning fossil fuels causing greenhouse effect. The Greenhouse gases are mainly contributed industrialized nation. By the middle of 21st century, earth’s temperature at present level of heat emission would go up by one to three degree Celsius and the sea level would rise between 30 to 100 centimetres.

India has witnessed alarming environmental degradation in two decades. It is the sixth largest and the second fastest producers of Greenhouse gases. The key environmental pollutions related to industries in India are water pollution, soil erosion, ground contamina tion and deforestation. Indian rivers are also from high level pollution due to enormous municipal wastes, industrial effluents and agricultural run-off. According to expert findings, 70 per cent of India’s surface water is severely. As per government statement in 1992, 3/4 of the total waste water generation is due to the municipal waste which is one half of the total pollution load. Consequent to it, fresh water resources are depleting very fast and water-born diseases are on the increase that account for 2/3rd of the total illness in India.

Air pollution in India is the highest by vehicular sources to the extent of 64 per cent, by thermal power 16 per cent, by industry 13 per cent and by climatic sector 7 per cent. The average level of suspended particular matter, in Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai and Delhi is very high and these are included in the list of 10 metropolitans of the world in respect thereof. These cities have reached critical level while Kanpur, Nagpur and Ahmedabad are hitting the same. Chennai is found moderate.

In respect of land pollution, it is disposal of solid and toxic municipal and industrial wastes. The, per capita solid waste generation average in India is to the order of 360 to 400 gms per day. This waste counts for affliction of respiratory diseases.

In case of pollution control of environmental reform it is very important to note that a partnership of highly industrialized nations with the poverty sticken and developing countries is a must for sustainable development. It implies the help of the farmer to the latter which includes transfer of latest non-pollution technology. This has been the main stress in the Rio de Janiero declaration in June 1997. Earth plus five summit was held in New York to review the programme adopted in ‘Agenda 21′. The conference concluded that the targets were not achieved-annual emission of carbon dioxide, blamed for global warming, continued to rise, fresh water scarcity remained and depletion of forest cover was not being checked. In another conference held in a Japanese resort, Kyoto in December 1997, to check global warming participants agreed to meet binding target between 2008 and 2012.

The steps to control pollution in India include environmental clearance for major industrial activities based to impact assessment before site selection. Introduction of unloaded petrol, low-sulphur diesel and higher emission norms throughout the country in a phased manner is the second significant step. Beside this, efforts are to be intensified further to control pollution in 22 industries in various towns and cities that are critically polluted. The industries are to comply with such emission and effluent standards as may be notified in a time-bound manner.

20. The Menace of Corruption In India
(M.P. 2012)

Corruption is a deep-rooted menace that has entered into the vital of our society. There is hardly any sphere of social, economic, political and religious activity that is free from corruption of some kind. Corruption has become so common that most of the people have came to accept it as part of their life.

Bribery and corruption has increased greatly after 1947. The growth of democracy, the system of licences and permits for setting up enterprises, securing quotas of law materials, imports and exports and expansion of trade and commerce is responsible for the increase in corruption. Stringent laws against corruption have proved to be effective in curbing this evil.

Corruption flourishes as long as the people who are prepared to give bribe and others who are prepared to accept it directly or indirectly. Each one of us have weakness for easy money, people are prepared to do anything or sloop any entent of taking graft in order to maintain there so called standard. On the one hand they accept bribe and on the other they urge people to be honest and pure. Such hypocrisy compounds the offence.

It is not different to locate the causes of corruption. Corruption generally breeds at the top and then gradually filters down to the lower levels. Gone all the days when people who joined politics were fired by the spirit of serving the nation. Those who suffered for the sake of getting their country freed from the foreigners, knew only how to make sacrifice. They had never expected their compensation for their sacrifices. Those were the days when selfless people joined politics but unfortunately present politicians are self centered. When people in power indulge in unser unscrupulous practices, a common man also indulges freely.

Government after government have made promises to root out corruption from our public life but this evil has persisted of course there are honest officials but they are in minority. Let us a nation, contemplate seriously as to what will happen when our public life is loaded with corruption. A certain amount of introspection by those who are in power can only initiate the process of minimising the evil of corruption in our country. If the public in general is different, corruption on would not continue to grow as like, cancer.

21. Dowry : A Social Evil
(M.P. 2012)

The definition of dowry is very simple and significant. It is the money or valuablo things that bride brings to her husband at the time of marriage or gifts given by the brides. parents at her marriage.

India is the only country in the world where the pernicious dowry system exists. It is the most-vicious system that is eating into the vitals of the nation and hampers the growth and development of the Indian womanhood on the right lines.

The evil of the dowry system with the ever-increasing demands by greedy parents of well-to-do young boys from the parents of the hapless young girls has assumed such meaning proportions that the government has taken a very serious view of the whole matter and has made dowry giving and dowry taking a cognizable offence punishable with imprisonment. Still day in and day out, we are horrified by the news of bride-burning. Young brides are burnt alive by mothers-in-law in connivance with other members of the family: sister-in-law, brother-in-law, even husbands for not bringing adequate dowry. These human sharks deserve the severest punishment, even extermination from society.

The evil of dowry system and bride-burning is a blot upon the Indian civilization and deserves the severest condemnation. Foreigners ridicule our callousness and inhuman cruelty towards women and fail to understand how we can call ourselves civilized when such an atrocious practice prevails in the Indian society.

How can the menace of dowry system be effectively checked? Social boycott and wide publicity of the offenders will go a long way in reducing the menace of dowry. Wom en’s organisations staging demonstrations against the guilty people shall be made more ef fective. Lastly, every dowry death must be properly probed and the offenders should be awarded exemplary punishment within six months of the occurrence of the death.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions

MP Board Class 11th Special English Unseen Passages Important Questions

Question 1.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below each passage :

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions Unseen Passages Passage 1

There is a parable about a man who wandered all over the world in search of riches and returned home in great disappointment. One day when he was digging in his own backyard to dump some rubbish, he discovered some precious stones.

Most of us, unfortunately, are like that man vainly trying to discover peace and happiness while chasing elusive objectives and aims in life.

A famous philosopher tells us about a group of porcupines inhabiting a large room. It was a cold day and the porcupines decided to get close together so that they may not feel the intense cold. Then the trouble started; they began to feel one another’s sharp quills and started quarreling, with the result that they felt they must separate. This they did, but soon they realized that they were again too isolated to feel warm and comfortable. They agreed to come together again and in a series of experiments, they finally choose to remain together, but not so close as to hurt each other and yet near enough to enable them to escape the bitter cold.

Applied to human society, the lesson is that for our peace of mind there must be a minimum distance maintained between one another to avoid provocation and yet not so much distance as to experience a feeling of cold isolation. For peace of mind, it is necessary to be physically, mentally and spiritually well-tuned. This is not always easy especially on the mental plane.

During our short span of life, it is important that petty irritations, ideas and prejudices should not clog the mind.

Doubtless, there is a lot of evil in the word but who can deny that there is an equal amount, if not more, that is good and beautiful. Some of the best things in life are free. Like’ the beauties of nature and of the animal kingdom, sunrises and sunsets, and so on. We have to take account of these bounties before we start complaining of what we do not possess.

It is true that there are many who do not enjoy the minimum needs to life, but it is surprising to find the greatest unhappiness and disturbance of mind among the so-called affluent that have the greatest tendency to complain. So, let us put our minds in order and seek for peace within us.

A. Answer these questions :

Question 1.
Why did the man wander all over the world?
Answer :
The man wandered all over the world in search of riches.

Question 2.
What and where did he find what he wanted?
Answer :
He wanted some precious stones that he found in his own backyard.

Question 3.
What principle should one follow to maintain peace of mind?
Answer :
To maintain peace of mind there must be a minimum distance maintained between one another to avoid provocation and yet not so much distance as to experience feelings of cold isolation.

Question 4.

List the best things of life which are free.
Answer :
(i) Beauties of nature,
(ii) The animal kingdom,
(iii) Sunrise,
(iv) Sunset.

Question 5.
Give a suitable title to the above passage.
Answer :
Peace of Mind.

B. (i) Pick out the words from the passage that mean the same as :

(a) Unimportant Petty.
(b) Unreasonable dislikes or preferences for a person or a group prejudice.
(c) rewards bounties.
(d) rich affluent.

(ii) Fill in the blanks with suitable words :
(a) For peace of mind it is necessary to be physically, mentally and spiritually well tuned.
(b) Petty irritations, prejudices and ideas should not clog the mind.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions Unseen Passages Passage 2

One Glance at our history books and we will observe great feats by Indians in every field. May it be art, poetry, science, politics or economy. The never-ending onslaught of invasions and infighting only helped the nation loose its once shining glory. Many episodes of the past coupled with the most recent British rule, literally reduced a once vibrant country into that of surviving community. Like in nature, we Indians were forced to making ends meet and survive, then think about how to get to the Moon shining in the night sky. However, the last 50 years have transformed Indians from being survivors to thought leaders.

The thought of a growth-driven India, reminds me of the principle of self-reinforcing and limiting force of nature. As we embark on the new era of growth it is important we realize the importance of balanced inclusive growth rather than a skewed development. No economy can support itself based on the phenomenal growth of one or two growth drivers. More than the double-digit growth figures I would prefer to see the sustainability indices of the economy. Our policymakers seem to be heading in the right direction for propelling growth on agriculture and rural development alongside information technology (IT) and biotechnology and other high-tech sectors. The key to sustainable growth lies in generating knowledge and managing it effectively. It is but imperative for the nation to realize the importance of efficient knowledge management. There is little need to dream about Indian supremacy going into the future. The need of the hour is to realize the grave responsibility on India and its youth, in supporting much larger global issues like the environment, health, education and global peace. Economic development by itself means nothing: new India should invest and commit to social responsibility and cultural development, which will contribute to the larger picture. The choice is ours, whether we contribute as a country or perish as another opportunistic nation. (M.P. 2013)

A. Answer these questions :

Question 1.
Why did India lose her glory?
Answer :
India lost her glory due to the never-ending onslaught of invasions and infighting.

Question 2.
How has the country been transformed during the last 50 years?
Answer :
During the last 50 years the country has transformed from being survivors to thought leaders.

Question 3.
What kind of growth does the author envisage for the country?
Answer :
For the country the author envisages a balanced growth that sustainable.

Question 4.
What are our policy makers emphasizing on for economic growth?
Answer :
For economic growth our policy makers are emphasizing on agriculture and rural development alongside. IT and BT and other high-tech sectors.

Question 5.
What is needed to sustain growth in the economy?
Answer :
To sustain growth in the economy knowledge should be generated and managed effectively.

Question 6.
Why does the author say. “Economic development by itself means nothing”?
Answer :
Because New India should invest and commit to social responsibility and cultural development, which will contribute to the larger picture.

Question 7.
What is meant by “surviving community” in the passage?
Answer :
It means a country that was reduced to a miserable condition.

Question 8.
Give a suitable title to the passage.
Answer :
India’s all round development.

B. Find out words or phrases in the passage which mean :

(a) Development directed towards a particular group in a way that may not be fair.
Answer :
Skewed development.

(b) Making use of an opportunity to get an advantage for oneself.
Answer :
Opportunistic.

(c) Start to do something new or difficult.
Answer :
Embark on.

(d) Provide enough of what is needed to survive or exist.
Answer :
To make ends meet.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions Unseen Passages Passage 3

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam has formally taught just for a year at Annamalai University.

After his retirement as Chief Scientific Adviser to the Government of India in 2000, Kalam set out with the task of interacting with a million students. The tally stands at 1.2 million, as every day he meets groups of students. In the last week of November, he met 4,000 tribal students in Bihar. The largest gathering he addressed was 50,000 students in Adichunchanagiri, Karnataka. He also addresses groups of 40 to 50 students. School vies with each other to invite the President.

He has brought a sharper focus on the utility of education and its developmental values than anyone else. In addition to these face-to-face interactions, especially with students from underprivileged sections and those with disabilities, the President and his team respond to hundreds of e-mail queries from students.

The message is simple and direct. He wants students to open up their minds and study well, so that they can contribute to building India as a developed nation. He has set the target of 2020 for this to happen. He makes children take a pledge that they will work towards this ambition so that global peace is achieved. (The sentiments are borrowed from St. Augustine, whom Kalam admires as a universal teacher).

Kalam’s publisher-Penguin India says his books are runaway best sellers. Ignited minds, his panacea for tapping the huge brainpower of the youth, has so far been printed 21 times and sold 2.5 lakh copies. 2020 : A developed Nation has sold over one-lakh copies. Their translation in regional languages also have brisk sales.

In his interaction with educationists, principals and teacher, Kalam keeps asking how they would produce textbook, which are relevant to the 21st century, how they reach to the poor in slums and village and how they are adopting modern technology to teach children. When he visited Africa, his gift to the continent was a satellite, which would link 53 countries and provide distance education. The satellite would beam the program in a number of African languages from mid-2007.

And teaching would remain a passion with the President, even after he leaves Rashtrapati Bhawan.

A. Encircle the correct spellings of the following words:

(i) adviser, advisar, advisir, advisor
(ii) formally, formelly, formaly, farmally
(iii) pleij, pledge, plej, plege
(iv) setilite, satelite, Satellite, satilite.

B. Fill in the blanks with one word each :
(i) Dr. Kalam taught just for a year in Annamalai University.
(ii). The largest gathering Dr. Kalam addressed was 50,000 students in Adichunchanagiri, Karnataka.
(iii) Dr. Kalam has set out with the task of interacting with a million students.
(iv) Dr. Kalam specially interacts with students belong to the underprivileged sections of the society.
(v) Dr. Kalam makes children take a pledge to achieve global peace.
(vi) “Penguin India’ says that Dr. Kalam’s books are run away bestsellers.
(vii) Dr. Kalam wants that the textbooks should be relevant to the 21st century.
(viii) Dr. Kalam sharply focuses on the utility of education and its developmental values.
(ix) The translations of Dr. Kalam’s books in regional languages have brisk sales.
(x) Dr. Kalam’s gift to Africa was a satellite, which would link 53 countries and provide distance education.

C. Find the words for the following meanings in the text :
(i) To communicate with somebody while you work interact.
(ii) To give attention to one particular subject focus.
(iii) An important moral, social or political idea panacea.
(iv) A serious promise pledge.
(v) Usefulness utility.

D. On the basis of your reading the passage answer the following questions :

Question 1.
What task did Dr. Kalam take-up after his retirement as Chief Scientific Adviser to the government of India?
Answer :
He took up the task of interacting with a million students.

Question 2.
Students from which sections of the society does Dr. Kalam especially address?
Answer :
He especially address students from underprivileged sections and those with disabilities.

Question 3.
What is the ambition towards which Dr. Kalam wants students to work?
Answer :
He wants students to work towards his ambition of global peace.

Question 4.
Who does Dr. Kalam admire as a universal teacher?
Answer :
St. Augustine.

Question 5.
What is the opinion of Penguin India about Dr. Kalam’s books?
Answer :
Penguin India says that Dr. Kalam’s books are run away seller.

Question 6.
What does Dr. Kalam expect from educationists, principals and teachers?
Answer :
He expect that they would produce text-books relevant 21st century.

Question 7.
What was the purpose of gifting a satellite to Africa?
Answer :
The purpose was to provide distance education facility.

Question 8.
Give a suitable title to the passage.
Answer :
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam—A visionary.

Passage 4
Hilaire Belloc — The Frog
Be kind and tender to the frog,
And do not call him names,
As “Slimy skin” or “Polly-wog”
Or likewise “Ugly james”,
Or“Gap-a-grin” or “Toad-gone-wrong”
Or “Bill Bandy-Knees”
The frog is justly sensitive
To epithets like these.

No animal will more repay
A treatment kind and fair,
At least so lonely people say
Who keep a frog (and, by the way
they are extremely rare).

A. Answer these Questions :

Question 1.
What lines in the poem show the poet’s sensitiveness towards the feeling of frogs?
Answer :
The following lines show this- “Be kind and tender to the frog And do not call him names”

Question 2.
Pick four names from the poem that describe the frog and write the explanation pointing out why the poet says that we should not call the frog by these names?
Answer :
(i) Slimy skin : The skin of frog is moist and slippery,
(ii) Ugly james : It looks ugly,
(iii) Gape a grin: It has a wide mouth,
(iv) Bill Bandy kness: Its knees are folded.

Question 3.
Why does the poet say that the frog will repay more than any other animal and how does he do this?
Answer :
The frog helps the human beings by devouring the insects and thus keeping the Water and surrounding clean. Question4. According to the poet what type of people are extremely rare? Answer :Such people who wave alone and keep a frog as pet are extremely rare.

Question 5.
What qualities of frogs are most appealing to you and why? Write at least two,
Answer :
The frog is justly sensitive. It responds to the stimuli immediately. The frog repays more than any animal and thus, helps the human beings.

B. Use the following expressions in sentence of your own :

(i) be kind : We must be kind to the poor people.
(ii) tender : Young babies have tender skin.
(iii) justly sensitive : Her response shows that she is not justly sensitive.
(iv) kind and fair : The king should be kind and fair with his subject.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions Unseen Passages Passage 5

Reviews
Backyard window overlooks
A garden full of flowers
(mine dry out before they bloom),
a mango tree laden with richness of fruit
(a parasite ate up my fruit tree long ago),
crisscross of leaves, hedges and wires.

Flowers clustering together
patches of colurs splashed all over,
crossbred sweetpeas
and grafted roses,
long stalked weany structures
with all the dirty marks over them.
They peeled the bark in a square
on that mango tree
and labelled a few numbers.
Sun shines and peeps through
the layers of dust.
Spiders web over thorny bushes.

Those hedges and wire,
boundary lines-
mammade fetters on God made land.
“Who waters it all?”
“The city gutters”

My window shutters sputter and close
The filthy smell ovecomes
the temptation of killing
time in sightseeing
Would you stand and stare
a while at this?

A. Answer these Questions :

Question 1.
In the first stanza of the poem there are two a sides. What do they refer to?
Answer :
The two sides are neighbour’s blouming garden and the poet’s own destroyed and ruined garden. They refer to the happy and sad sides of life.

Question 2.
The poet describes flowers in the first two stanzas. Write about the flowers mentioned there in. Why does the poet refer to the as “crossbred sweetness’ and ‘grafted rosas’?
Answer :
There are flowers in full bloom colourfull sweetpeas and roses are fluttering. Crossbred sweetpeas and grafted roses refer that plants are scientifically treated.

Question 3.
What does the poet say about the fruit tree?
Answer :
Poet’s mango trees are eaten by the parasites. His neighbour’s tree is laden with fruits. A square path is made on the bark of the tree on which few numbers are written.

Question 4.
What are the things that the poet can see from his backyard window?
Answer :
From his backyard window the poet can see his neighbour’s garden with flower ing plants and numbered fruit trees, dusty layers and cobwebs thorny bushes and hedges and wire.

B. Explain the following two expressions :

(i) Man made fetters on God made land.
Answer :
God created land but man put on fences to divide it among themselves.

(ii) The temptation of killing time in sight seeing.
Answer :
The poet is a nature lover and spends a lot of time in sight seeing.

C. Note the use of words ‘web’ and ‘water’ as verbs in the following lines :
‘Spider web over thorny bushes’
“who waters it all”
Now write sentences using following words as verbs and nouns : peopie, dust, stare, gutter.

People : There is great rush of people in the new shopping mall.
The shopping mall was hugely peopled on the opening day.

Dust : The books have collected a layer of dust in a week
The books need to be dusted.

Stare : Father’s angry stare frightened him
Father is staring at his angrily.

Gutter : Gutters of the city are rarely cleaned by the municipality :
All my plans were guttered by any friends.

D. Write the central idea of the poem.
This poem presents the paradoxes present everywhere. The poets own garden is destroyed but his neighbour’s garden is in bloom. A wired hedge separates them. The poet is a nature lover but the right through his window is not very pleasing. He regrets that man has created boundaries and fences on the land made by God for all.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions Unseen Passages Passage 6

Butterflies and moths are insects distinguished by four wings covered with tiny, shingle like scales and by mouthparts that form a hollow, flexible tube like a drinking straw. Most butterflies and moths use their distinctive mouthparts to feed on the nectar of flowers. The insects have proportionately small bodies and large wings, and a pair of antennae on their heads. Butterflies and moths together make up the second-largest order of insects, called Lepidoptera.

Butterflies and moths are similar animals, but they have some general differences. The main difference is that butterflies have knobs, or clubs, on the tips of their antennae. Moths may have threadlike, feathery, or blunt antennae, but their lack clubs. In addition, most moths tend to fly chiefly at night, while butterflies are active during the day. When at rest, most moths hold their wings folded flat over their backs, while butterflies hold their wings upright over their backs or bask with them spread flat out to the side. Many species of moths have dull grey or brown wings, and butterflies often have wings with colourful patterns. But numerous exceptions exist. For example, many moths fly during the day and are brightly marked, and many butterflies have soft, brown wings.

Throughout history the colourful butterflies have been admired for their delicate beauty. They have a prominent place in art and literature as symbols of freedom, creativity and the beauty of nature. The animals are also crucial parts of the ecosystem in which they live. Their most important ecological role is in pollination, the transfer of pollen from one flower to another, which helps plants to reproduce. Butterflies and moths pollinate many wild plants as well as important crops grown by humans for food.

By far the majority of Lepidopterans are moths. Scientists have identified some 200,000 species of moths and suspect there may be many more not yet discovered, perhaps amounting to a million or more species. By contrast, the approximately 18,500 known types of butterflies probably account for most of the world’s butterfly species.

Answer these Questions :

Question 1.
Write two features of butterflies and moths that distinguish them from other insects.
Answer :
The two features that distinguish butterflies and moths from other insects are : (a) butterflies and moths have four wings, and (b) their mouthparts form a hollow, flexible tube.

Question 2.
Give four features that usually differentiate butterflies from moths.
Answer :
The four features that usually differentiate butterflies from moths are :
(a) butterflies have knobs on the tip of their antennae,
(b) moths tend to fly chiefly at night
(e) when at rest, moths fold their wings, and
(d) moths usually have dull grey or brown wings.

Question 3.
What is the ecological role of butterflies and moths?
Answer :
Both butterflies and moths transfer pollen from one flower to another, helping plants to reproduce.

Question 4.
Which lepidopterans are dominant in number and by how much?
Ans.
Moths outnumber butterflies. About two lakh species of moths have been identified so far, whereas only 18,500 species of butterflies are known.

Question 5.
Find out the words from thie passage which have the same meanings as the words given below :
(a) uniquely characteristic of a person, group or thing,
(b) noticeable or conspicuous.
Answer :
(a) distinctive,
(b) prominent.

Question 6.
Find out the antonyms of the words given below from the passage :
(a) sharp,
(b) trivial.
Ans.
(a) blunt,
(b) crucial.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions Unseen Passages Passage 7

Born in the cradle of her love, I lay peacefully like a dove. As the days passed, I love her more, More than ever before. As I grew, I became Stubborn in my ways ‘Calm down’, she would always say, but my face would betray my emotion, She is there to tackle the commotion, She would give me all the love she had, And I would turn to good from bad. She always hugged me, tears rolling down with joy, When I would promise not to annoy. Having her I am always sure, With her I will be comfortable and secure.

Answer these Questions :

Question 1.
Find out the words from the poem which have the same meanings as the words given below:
(a) breach in trust,
(b) to handle.
Answer :
(a) betray,
(b) tackle.

Question 2.
Who is the speaker in these lines? Who is he talking about?
Answer :
The poet himself is the speaker in these lines. He is talking about his mother.”

Question 3.
When the poet promises not to annoy, what does ‘she’ do?
Answer :
She hugs the poet, with tearful eyes, when he promises not to annoy her.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions Unseen Passages Passage 8

A Green Cornfield

The earth was green, the sky was blue; (M.P. 2013)
I saw and heard one sunny morn
A skylark hang between the two,
A singing speak above the corn.
A stage below in gay accord,
While butterflies danced on wings,
And still the singing skylark soared,
And silent sank and soared to sing
The cornfield stretched a tender green
To right and left beside my walks;
I knew he had a nest unseen
Somewhere among the million stalks.
And as I paused to hear his song
While swift the sunny moments slide,
And listened longer than I did.

Answer these Questions :

Question 1.
Write any two rhyming words.
Answer :
(a) Mom and corn
(b) Walks and stalks.

Question 2.
The phrase, “gay accord” means”
Answer :
The phrase gay accord-means, “Set in a happy and, cheerful atmosphere”.

Question 3.
How does the poet explain the beauty of the cornfield?
Answer :
The poet’s intense love for nature is evident in the poem. She looked up from a cornfield and saw a skylark soaring in the sky and singing. The butterflies danced about in the cornfield.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions Unseen Passages Passage 9

I remember, I remember, (M.P. 2013, 15)
The house where I was bom,
The little window where the sun
Came peeping in at morn.
He never came a wink too soon
Nor brought too long a clay;
But now, I often wish the night
Had borne my breath away.

Answer these Questions :

Question 1.
Why does the poet remember “The house”?
Answer :
The poet remembers the house because he was born there.

Question 2.
What does ‘too soon’ and ‘too long’ refer to?
Answer :
By ‘too soon’ the poet means not very early and by ‘too long’ he means not for longer span of time here he refers to the sun.

Question 3.
What does the poet desire?
Answer :
The poet desires that night might borne his breath away.

Question 4.
Find out the lines which express the beauty of the sun- shine?
Answer :
The lines which express the beauty of the sun-shine are- ‘The little window where the sun came peeping in at morn’.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions Unseen Passages Passage 10

Parents and teachers must learn to respect the child. No Japanese ever strike the child. Yet Japanese children are models of reasonableness. The Japanese maintain a commendable attitude towards their children as their equals and always address them as such. They never criticize them harshly. The use of the rod is absolutely unknown in Japanese homes. Japanese code of life is very strict in certain respects. Japanese soldiers have earned a name for their high sense of duty and readiness for self-sacrifice. These come out of a traditional love for their country and its sovereign, rather than from fear of any penalties in childhood.

Answer these Questions :

Question 1.
How should parents and teachers treat their children?
Answer :
Parents and teachers should love and respect their children.

Question 2.
How do Japanese treat their children?
Answer :
Japanese never strike their children or criticize them.

Question 3.
What is absolutely unknown in Japanese home?
Answer :
Use of rod and harsh words are absolutely unknown in Japanese home.

Question 4.
What do Japanese parents expect from their children?
Answer :
The Japanese parents sexpect respect and obedience as a code of life from their children.

Question 5.
For what have Japanese soldiers earned a name?
Answer :
Japanese soldiers have earned a name and fame for their high sense of duty and readiness for self-sacrifice.

Question 6.
From what does their sense of duty come?
Answer :
Japanese’s high sense of duty comes from their traditional love for their country and its sovereign.

Question 7.
Do Japanese children have any fear of penalties?
Answer :
No, Japanese children have no fear of any penalties.

Question 8.
Give a suitable title to the passage.
Answer :
Japanese Children, A Model of Reasonableness.
Or
Japanese and their Love for Child.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions Unseen Passages Passage 11

Socrates had many disciples and the greatest of these was Plato. Plato wrote many books which have come down to us and it is from these books that we know great deal of his master, Socrates. Evidently governments do not like people who are always trying to find things out; they do not like the search for truth. The Athenian government- this was just after the time of Pericles did not like the method of Socrates and they held a trial and con demned him to death. They told him if he promised to give up his discussions with people and changed his way, they would let him off. But he refused to do so and preferred to take the cup of poison, which brought him death, to giving up what he considered his duty. On the point of death, he addressed his accusers and judges and said, “If you propose to acquit me on condition that I abandon my search for truth, I will say ‘I thank you’, Athenians but I will obey God, who as I believe has set me this task, rather than you ………, I will continue the practice of accosting whomever I met and saying to him “Are you not ashamed of setting your heart on wealth and honour while you have no care for wisdom and truth and making your soul better. I do not know what death is ……………. it may be a good thing and I am not afraid of it. But I know one thing, that it is bad to desert one’s part and I prefer what may be good to what I know to be bad.”

Answer these Questions :

Question 1.
Who was Plato?
Answer :
Plato was one of the greatest disciples of Socrates.

Question 2.
How do we get information of Socrates?
Answer :
We get many information of Socrates from the book written by Plato.

Question 3.
What sort of people are not liked by his government?
Answer :
People who always tried to find out truth and search facts were not liked by his government.

Question 4.
Why was Socrates condemned by his government?
Answer :
Socrates was condemned by his government because they did not like his method, they held a trial and condemned him to death.

Question 5.
On what condition was the government prepared to let him free?
Answer :
The Government was ready to let him free only if he promised to stop his discussion with people and change his way of life.

Question 6.
How did Socrates react to that offer?
Answer :
Socrates refused to give up his path of truth and preferred to take the cup of poison which brought his death.

Question 7.
What was the thing he wanted to teach people?
Answer :
He taught people to obey God and follow the path of wisdom and truth.

Question 8.
Give a suitable title to the above passage.
Answer :
“The Great Philosopher Socrates.”

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions Unseen Passages Passage 12

While returning one hot summer afternoon to the ice-cream depot, I work for, I was stopped in a traffic jam of cars bound for the beach. I decided to get an ice-cream from the back of my truck and four sweltering kids in the car behind watched me eat it. Feeling sorry for them, I gave them each an ice-cream. In a matter of minutes I was surrounded by children and by the time the traffic began to move, I had gone through four cartons. Rather than explain to my boss, I decided to pay for them myself.

On my arrival at the depot, however, I was called to the manager’s office and asked why I had been giving away company stock. Even after explaining the situation and my decision to pay, I still expected to be sacked. Instead, my boss smiled broadly and said it was the best advertising and public relation the firm had in years. Parents had been phoning to thank the company.

Answer these Questions :

Question 1.
Who is the narrator of the passage?
Answer :
The narrator works for an ice-cream company.

Question 2.
Why did he decide to get an ice-cream from the back of his truck?
Answer :
Due to a traffic jam, the narrator felt like eating an ice-cream.

Question 3.
Why did he give the four kids an ice-cream each?
Answer :
The kids were looking, when the narrator was eating his ice-cream and there fore, he took pity on them and gave them ice-cream each.

Question 4.
Where did his kindness lead him to?
Answer :
He had to part with four cartons of ice-cream due to his being kind to kids.

Question 5.
What was his fear and how did it end?
Answer :
His fear was that he would be dismissed from service for giving away company stock

Question 6.
What type of a man the speaker of this passage is?
Answer :
The narrator appears to be a kind-hearted person.

Question 7.
Why was the speaker not dismissed by his boss?
Answer :
The narrator was not dismissed because by his act he had advertised the company’s ice-cream and made it quite popular.

Question 8.
Suggest a suitable title to this passage.
Answer :
“Advertising-Inadvertently.”

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions Unseen Passages Passage 13

As a boy I was very fond of the old soldier in our little town. He only had one leg, having lost the other somewhere in Assam in 1942. He used to sit on the bank of our small river and tell me about his adventures. He told me that he had run away from home to join the army when he was eighteen. He had experienced his first battle in the Libyan desert in the Second World War. He used to tell me dozen of war stories, but the one I liked best was the one of his escape from a Japanese prisoner of war camp in urma. He told me again and again how he walked two hundred miles in two weeks. On the way he was bitten on the toe by a poisonous snake and he had to cut off part of the toe in order to survive. But the wound did not heal and by the time he got to an Indian camp it had turned septic and the leg had to amputated. He is apparently quite contented with his loss. He says that his pension is enough for his needs; and the fish which he catches from the river and sells provide him with the money for cigarettes.

Answer these Questions :

Question 1.
What had the hero of the story done when he was eighteen?
Answer :
The hero of the story ran away from his house to join the army when he was eighteen.

Question 2.
Where did he say his leg was amputated?
Answer :
His leg was amputated in an Indian camp.

Question 3.
Which story did the narrator like best?
Answer :
The narrator liked the story of the hero’s escape from a Japanese prisoner-of-war camp, in Burma.

Question 4.
How many miles did he walk in two weeks?
Answer :
He walked two hundred miles in two weeks.

Question 5.
Where did he experience his first battle?
Answer :
He experienced his first battle in the Libyan desert.

Question 6.
Why did he run away from home?
Answer :
He ran away from home to join the army.

Question 7.
Why did he feel contented?
Answer :
He felt contented as he found his pension good enough for his needs.

Question 8.
Give a suitable title to this passage
Answer :
“Adventures of an Ex-army Soldier.”

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions Unseen Passages Passage 14

The early years of Swami Vivekanand were passed in the bosom of a happy and weil to do family. Vishwanath Dutt commanded a very good practice and prodigally spent all that he earned to surround his wife and children with every kind of comfort and even luxury. As a child Narendranath was extremely naughty and self-willed and we are told that his mother has very often to place him under the water tap to tame his naughtiness. All the same he was very loving and devoted. Generous to a fault, he gave whatever he had on his person-be it a new dhoti or a gold ornament to wondering Sadhus for whose mode of life he had an uncontrollable attraction ever since his child hood. His tender emotionalism was nurtured on the devotional songs of his mother and his favourite play was to worship the clay images of Rama and Krishna, Shiva and Kali, he used to sit in front of these images in a meditating posture. Sometimes for hours together he sat absorbed in that boyish contemplation. Rama was his favourite deity to begin with, but later, the throne was occupied by Shiva and Rama went into disfavour because he had married and the boyish imagination of Narendranath commenced admiring the ascetic more than the householder. “See this line of my palm”, Narendranath used to ask his friends. Well it means, I would never marry. I am going to become Sadhu.

Answer these Questions :

Question 1.
How did Vishwanath Dutt provide for his family?
Answer :
Vishwanath Dutt commanded a very good practice and prodigally spant all that he earned to surround his wife and children with every kind of comfort and even luxury.

Question 2.
Give some examples to prove that Narendranath was generous.
Answer :
Narendranath was extremely naughty and self-willed and we one told—that his mother has very often to place him under the water top to tame his Naughtiness.

Question 3.
What was Narendranath’s favorite pastime in his childhood?
Answer :
All the same he was very loving and devoted. Generous to a fault, he gave whatever he had on his person be it a new dhoti or a gold ornament to wandering sadhus for—for his childhood.

Question 4.
Which God did he like in the beginning? Which God became his favorite later on and why?
Answer :
The songs of his mother and favorite play was to worship of Rama and Krishana, Shiva and Kali.

Question 5.
Find out the words in the passage which have the following meanings :
(i) extravagant,
(ii) feeling of ease.
Answer :
(i) The songs of his mother and favourite play was to worship of Rama and Krishana, Shiva and Kali.
(ii) All the same he was very loving and devoted. Generous to a fault, he gave whatever he had on his person be it a new dhoti or a gold ornament to wandering sadhus for—for his childhood.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions

MP Board Class 11th Special English Prose Important Questions

MP Board Class 11th Special English Chapter 2 What The Moon Saw Important Questions and Answers

I. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below :

1. She knew that if the lamp continued to burn so long as she could keep it in sight, her betrothed was still alive, but if the lamp was suddenly extinguished he was dead. And the lamp burned bravely on, and she fell on her knees and prayed. Near her in the grass lay a speckled snake, but she heeded it not she thought only of Bramah and of her betrothed. “He lives!’ she shouted joyfully, he lives !”

And from the mountains the echo came back upon her, ‘he lives!

Questions :
(i) Who is ‘she’ in these lines?
(ii) What is ‘she’ trying to do?
(iii) Why does ‘she’ do so?
(iv) What is lying near in the grass?
(v) Find words from the above passage for the following:
(a) put out, (b) the person to whom one is engaged to be married.
Answers :
(i) ‘She’ is a Hindu maid from Hindustan.
(ii) ‘She’ is trying to keep the lamp burning.
(iii) She does so because she believes that burning of the lamp symbolizes the life of her betrothed. If it is extinguished, the life of her betrothed would also come to an end.
(iv) A speckled snake is lying near her in the grass.
(v) (a) Extinguished, (b) betrothed.

2. I was angry with the willful child, and felt glad when her father came out and scolded her more violently than yesterday, holding her roughly by the arm; she held down her head, and her blue eyes were full of large tears. “What are you about here?” he asked. She wept and said.’ I wanted to kiss the hen and beg her pardon for frightening her yesterday; but I was afraid to tell you.’

Questions :
(i) Who is ‘I’ referred to in these lines?
(ii) Why does ‘l’ become angry with the girl?
(iii) What does the girl’s father do to her?
(iv) How does the girl respond?
(v) Pick out words from the above passage which are opposite in meaning of
(a) gently, (b) delicately.
Answer :
(i) ‘l’ refers to the Moon.
(ii) The Moon becomes angry with the girl because she has come to the hen’s apartment in spite of her father’s scolding.
(iii) The girl’s father again scolds her more violently than the previous day.
(iv) The girl weeps and replies to her father that she has come to kiss the hen and beg her paid on for the mischief of the previous day.
(v) (a) violently, (b) roughly.

II. Answer the following questions in one sentence :

Question 1.
Where did the painter live? (M.P. 2010)
Answer :
The painter lived in a high-up room in a very narrow lane.

Question 2.
Why did the painter feel low-spirited in the town?
Answer :
The painter felt low spirited in the town because he had no friend nor anyone familiar.

Question 3.
Where appearance made the painter happy? (M.P. 2010)
Answer :
The appearance of the moon made the pair er happy.

Question 4. Where was the moon gliding on the first evening? (M.P. 2011)
Answer :
The moon was gliding in the sky on the first evening.

Question 5.
Who came out of the thick bushes?
Answer :
A Hindu maid come out of the thick bushes.

Question 6.
What thought had brought the maid to the river?
Answer :
The thought to wish for the long life of her betrothed had brought the maid to the river.

Question 7.
What did the maid believe in?
Answer :
The maid believed that the burning of the lamp will keep her betrothed alive.

Question 8.
Why did the father scold the little girl?
Answer :
The father scolded the little girl because she had frightened the hen.

Question 9.
Why did the girl enter the apartment of the hen and chicks? (Imp)
Answer :
The girl entered the apartment of the hen and chicks to beg her pardon from them..

Question 10.
What did the father do to the little girl, when she told him her intention?
Answer :
The father loved her and kissed her.

III. Answer the following questions in about 100-150 words :

Question 1.
Write the character sketch of the Hindu girl (“first evening”) highlighting
(a) her beauty, (b) her love and (c) her fears about the life of her betrothed.
Answer :
The narrator, through the Moon, presents a very beautiful picture of a Hindu girl. While wandering over the sky the Moon finds a Hindu girl from Hindustan. She trips forth from the thickets. She is an enchanting beauty. She is like a damsel an Eve. It means she is virgin and graceful. She is airy and ethereal as a vision as the Moon describes her.

She is deeply in love with her betrothed. The intensity of love is very much obvious with her effort in protecting the flame of the burning lamp. She does not take any notice of the speckled snake lying beside her in the grass. She has nothing to worry except the long life of her betrothed.

As she is typical girl from Hindustan, she has all the fears and apprehension about his life-span. She also believes in some old Hindustani remedies and precautions against all evils. As per a belief, one can wish and pray for the long life of one’s near and dear by keeping a lamp burning afloat over water. The burning of flame symbolizes the span of life. So, in our land women do so to shed their fear of the early death of their beloved ones. It is typical Indian character.

Question 2.
Write a character sketch of the little girl (“Second evening”) highlighting. (M.P. 2013)
(a) her act of frightening the hen and the chickens; (b) her entering stealthily in the hen-house again. (c) her explanation that she did not want of frighten the birds, and
(d) her father’s change in attitude towards her.
Answer :
The narrator presents another tale told by the Moon which he tells about the second evening. The girl is an innocent playful girl. who enjoys everything. The moon sees in the courtyard a clucking hen with her eleven chickens. A pretty little girl is running and jumping around. The hen feels frightened. She feels unsecured. So, she tries to protect the chickens by spreading her wings over them. The girl’s father comes there and scolds the girl.

The next evening the Moon sees the girl again entering into the hen’s apartment. Creeping silently she pushes to bolt back and slips in. The hen again becomes frightened. It begins to run with fear in order to save itself and its chickens. The father again comes and very roughly scolds the girl.

The girl did not have any intention to disturb the hen. Instead she has come there to apologize for the frightening act. She wants to love hen. She is feeling sorry.

The explanation of the girl puts a deep impact on father’s mind. He too feels sorry for scolding the girl. He now feels the deep love of the girl who is very innocent. The father kisses the girl over the forehead and hugs her. Symbolically he also expresses his sorrow and regret for his scolding.

IV. Objective Type

Questions : (Imp)
(i) “I am poor lad”. This line is spoken by :
(little boy, by the moon itself, by the author of the lesson, by one of the readers) .

(ii) “Last night, I was gliding through the cloudless sky” Here gliding means :
(moving slowly into the sky, moving slowly on the ground, moving slowly over the walked surface, moving slowly along the railway line)

(iii) “Thousand and one nights,” here refers to the well known tale of:
(Afganistan, Pakistan, Arabian Nights, European)

(iv) The story“ What the Moon Saw” is a tale told :
(through a painter, through a school boy, through a school teacher, through an old man).
Answers :
(i) by the moon itself
(ii) moving slowly into the sky.
(iii) Arabian Nights.
(iv) through a painter.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Chapter 3 My Mother Important Questions and Answers

I. Read the following passages and answer the questions given below : (M.P. 2013)

1. My father and mother were bound to each other by certain common principles and standard of conduct, but otherwise, in appearance, temperament and outlook, they were the reverse or, if one chooses to say the same thing in a different way, the complement of each other. My mother was as slight and fragile as my father was robust, while her face was as responsive as my fathers were impassive.

Questions :
(i) Who is the narrator in these lines?
(ii) How was the narrator’s father bound to his mother?
(iii) Why does the narrator find his mother not a suitable match for his father?
(iv) What does the face of the father a contrast to that mother?
(v) Give a word similar in meaning to the expression ‘lean and thin’?
Answers :
(i) The writer is the narrator of these lines.
(ii) The narrator’s father was bound to the mother by certain common principles and standards of conduct.
(iii) The narrator finds his mother not a suitable match for this father because she is a complete contrast in appearance temperament and out look of his father.
(iv) The mother’Ss face was responsive which the father’s face was impassive.
(v) ‘slight and fragile’.

2. But here again the appearance were deceptive, for her face did not show, hardly indicated even, the immense strength of her moral convictions. No one could have inferred from her face that she was capable of such fanáticism as she showed over question of right and wrong. Even more than my father was she intolerant of demonstrativeness and the wearing of one’s heart on one’s sleeve.

Questions :
(i) Whose face is deceptive?
(ii) Why does the writer say her face deceptive.
(iii) What fanaticism does the writer refer to here?
(iv) Find a word opposite in meaning to ‘liberalism’?
Answers :
(i) The face of mother is deceptive.
(ii) The writer calls the face deceptive because it does not show what she really is.
(iii) Fanaticism here refers to the strictness of mother towards the questions of right and wrong.
(iv) ‘Fanaticism.

3. The faults of character she disliked most were falsehood, dishonesty, moral cowardice and meanness. A liar, a cheat, a coward and a person with the tiny heart of a minnow” as she put it were the most contemptuous epithet we heard from her mouth. Not only did she condemn vice, she almost equally despised the tacit acceptance of an advantage.

Questions :
(i) What faults of character did the mother not like?
(ii) Whose heart is as tiny is that of a minnow?
(iii) What did she condemn and despise?
(iv) Pick out words from the above stanza which are opposite in meaning to :
(a) brave, (b) huge, (c) virtue.
Answers :
(i) The mother did not like falsehood, dishonesty, moral cowardice and meanness.
(ii) The heart of a liar, a cheat and a coward is as tiny as that of a minnow.
(iii) She condemned vice and she intensely disliked the tacit acceptance of an advantage.
(iv) (a) coward, (b) tiny, (c) vice.

II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each : (Imp)
Question 1.
In what way were the parents of the writer complement of each other?
Answers :
If one chose to say the same thing in a different way, they were a complement of each other.

Question 2.
What produced the wrinkles on her forehead?
Answers :
The frequent fits of introspective brooding into which she fell produced the wrinkles on her forehead.

Question 3.
How does the author describe his mother’s eyes and nose? (M.P. 2015)
Answers :
As the author describes, his mother’s eye they were large and liquid and her nose was regular and very prominent.

Question 4.
What was the mother’s concept of ‘good manners’? (Imp).
Answers :
Good manners were a matter of fundamental decencies and not of external polish.

III. Answer the following questions in 30 to 40 words :

Question 1.
In what way were the parents of the writer reverse of each other? (Imp)
Answers :
The writer’s mother was completely opposite to his father. Appearance, temperament and outlook-nothing was similar to that of each other. While the mother was slight and fragile, father was robust. Mother’s face was responsive, whereas the father’s was impassive. Mother was more intolerant of demonstrativeness than father.

Question 2.
Describe the author’s mother’s face in your own words.
Answers :
As the writer says his mother’s appearance was not at all good and impressive. She had two deep vertical wrinkles between her eyebrows. Her forehead was very well shaped without being high. Her face was oval and broad. Her eyes were large and nose was very regular and prominent.

Question 3.
How will an average Indian mother react to an accident with her child? (M.P. 2012)
Answers :
An average Indian mother will react very quickly if an accident takes place with her child. She would be panicky strike. If a one-year-old baby falls down from a height, the mother would give a hideous scream and begin to knock her head on the floor by way of mourning assuming that the child was already dead.

Question 4.
How did the writer’s mother react to a mishap with him?
Answers :
The writer’s mother had the capacity to restrain herself soon even if an accident happened with her child. Even in her worst panic she never went anywhere for help.

Question 5.
What faults of character did the mother dislike? (M.P. 2009)
Answers :
The mother often disliked the faults of character like falsehood, dishonesty, moral cowardice and meanness. She always condemned vice and despised tacit acceptance of an advantage

Question 6.
What is meant by expression ‘a sharp and biting tongue’? How did author’s mother react to his sharp and biting tongue?
Answers :
“A sharp and biting tongue’ means talking in an ill-mannered. It was against the code of social behavior and charity also. The mother never allowed her children to be ill-mannered. She thought it to be way of underdog.

IV. Answer the following questions in about 150 words:

Question 1.
Narrate in short the physical features of the writer’s mother.
Answers :
The writer explains the physical features of his mother in detail. The mother was not very handsome. She was slight and fragile with a responsive face. She had two wrinkles between her eyebrows. He forehead was very well-shaped. It was not very high. Her face was oval. It was broad in its upper half but very quickly receding and tapering in the lower. She had large eyes. Her nose was very regular and prominent. She had well-cut lips which tended towards fullness in the lower one. Her chin was remarkable for being neatly shaped but not weighty enough for the upper part. On the whole, the writer says, mothers features reflected an impression of unslumbering alertness and inexhaustible animation.

Question 2.
How were the appearance of the mother deceptive? (Imp)
Answers :
The mother’s appearance was deceptive. The first place she had two deep vertical wrinkles between her eyes which was normally believed to be a sign of being thoughtful. But the mother was not intellectual. But she was argumentative and devastatingly logical. She always appeared to be in a thoughtful mood. Secondly, her face never indicated the immense strength of her moral conviction. No one could ever guess from the face that she was almost fanatic over the question right and wrong. She was always intolerant of demonstrativeness but she was never too much emotional. Still she had motherly instinct and controlled the situation at her own.

Question 3.
Prove by giving an example how the mother hated tacit acceptance of advantage.
Answer :
The mother’s character has been dealt with all minute details. Mother was very strict in dealing with her children. She never liked falsehood, dishonesty, moral cowardice and meanness. She always condemned vice and almost equally despised the tacit acceptance of an advantage. The writer gives examples from his experience. He says if mother asked them to take a portion after dividing a sweet or some other dish, they always requested her to give them the piece herself. It was because, if by any chance one of them took a piece thinking to be bigger, mother would look at him with a meaning smile or at times with angry contempt.

Question 4.
Give a general impression of the writer’s mother as you gather from the lesson. (Imp)
Answer :
The writer’s mother was a unique character. She was a complete contrast from her husband. She differed with him in appearance, temperament and outlook. Her face was responsive while that of the father was impassive. She was not at all handsome. Her face had some remarkable features which gave an impression of unslumbering alertness and inexhaustible animation. Nobody had ever called such a face as a face of simple and honest goodness.

She was intolerant of demonstrativeness but she had known how to control one’s emotion. She was never so panicky as usually as average Indian mother became. She never looked falsehood, dishonesty, moral cowardice and meanness. She always condemned vice and despised the tacit acceptance of an advantage. She never liked bad manner. She had disciplined her children perfectly.

Question 5.
Write a short essay on “Good Manners”. (M.P. 2011)
Answer :
Good manners make man’s life noble and complete. For human civilization, good manners are very essential. However a man may be attractive out wardly, he is worthless without having good manners. The man through up in good environment must be the man of good manners. There are some others who are not attractive out wardly yet they prove themselves to be noble in the society on the basic of their good manners.

Good manners are like jewels. As jewels decorate a person’s body similarly, good manners shape man’s character. A man of good manners is admired in society. Rudeness of character is symbol of man’s evil character and wild behaviour.

Man is the most remarkable creation of God on the earth. No other living being is so intelligent and emotional as man. So, man must be kind, sympathetic and generous to other living being. We should be loving to our younger and obedient to our elders and teachers. Good manners make man popular all around in society.

V. Objective Type

Questions :
Choose the correct answer from the given options :
(i) In temperament and out look. The writers parents were :
(similar, reverse, almost common, opposite)

(ii) The author’s mother was intolerant of demonstrativeness :
(more than his father was, as much as his father was, as much as the writer was, not even in the last)

(iii) The writers mother was :
(like all Indian mothers, like a few Indian mothers, like most Indian mothers, unlike Indian mothers)

(iv) “Bad manners’ according to the author’s mother were:
(acceptable in children, against social behaviour and charity, tolerable to some extent, not acceptable in high society)

(v) The lesson “My Mother” is ……..
(a biography, an autobiography, a story)
Answers :
(i) reverse.
(ii) not even in the last.
(iii) like a few indian mother.
(iv) against social behaviour and charity.
(v) an autobiography.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Chapter 5 Dilemma of the Scientist Important Questions and Answers

I. Read the following passages carefully and answer the questions given below :
1. Nearly nine years ago, on a warm autumn evening in 1945, I was driving over the mountains of southern Japan to the city of Nagasaki. The scale of the damage at Nagasaki drained the blood from my heart then, and does so now when I speak of it. For three miles my road lay through a desert which man had made in a second. Now, nine years later, the hydrogen bumb is ready to dwarf this scale and to turn each mile of destruction into ten miles. And citizens and scientists stare at one another a..d ask; “how did we blunder into this nightmare?

Questions :
(i) Where was the narrator driver over?
(ii) What did he see? What was its effect on his unc?!
(iii) What difference Did he find in his two assists of this place?
(iv) Explain the meaning of the expression, “how did we blunder into this night mare?
Answers :
(i) The narrator was driving over the mountains southern lapan to the city of Nagasaki.
(ii) He saw the damages at Nagasaki which ‘vas des syed in a few seconds by the atomic bomb during the World War.
(iii) There was no change in the deserted look of Nagasaki.
(iv) The writer means to say that the citizens and scientists might feei amazed at what they had done by creating the atomic bomb. They would ask themselves what a nightmarish blunder they had committed.

2. In short the Germans failed; it was the allies who tested ille first atonic’  in July of 1945. By this time Germany was defeated and Hitler was dead. The atomic scientists who had made the bomb in America were therefore shocked and distressed to hear that it was still intended to use it, against the Japanese. They wrote a round-robin to President Truman in which they pleaded against this decision. This is not simply a bigger bomb, they said; it changes every scale of war and of all power and it should be demonstrated to the world, not on men and women, but in some desert place. However, the protest of the scientists was ignored; and Hiroshima and Nagasaki were made desert places.

Questions :
(i) When was the first atomic bomb tested and by whom?
(ii) What had happened to Hitler by that time?
(iii) Why were the atomic scientists shocked?
(iv) What did the scientists do to convince the government?
(v) What was their plea?
Answers :
(i) The first atomic bomb was tested in July, 1945 by the allies.
(ii) Hitler was dead by that time.
(iii) The atomic scientists were shocked because America was still intended to use the atomic bomb against Japan.
(iv) The scientists wrote a round robin to President Truman to convince the government.
(v) Their plea was that as it was not simply a bigger bomb, it should not be demonstrated on men and women but in some desert place.

3. The scientist in society has no right to dictate to society; and this is the heart of the matter. In return, society must not dictate his life to him. He must be free to follow his conscience, as any citizen should be free, in peace or in war. Like every man and woman, the scientist has a duty to himself, which demands that his work shall not only be useful, but shall conform to his sense of human fulfilment and dignity. If this prompts him to reject research for war or atomic physics, or science itself, he must be free and able to find other work.

Questions :
(i) What should be the ideal relationship between the scientists and the society?
(ii) Why should scientists be allowed to enjoy freedom?
(iii) What does the society expect from the scientists?
(iv) What should be done if the scientists stop research for war?
(v) Find the odd one out :
(a) Conscience, ethics, conscious, morality.
(b) Dignity, pride, worth, wealth.
Answers :
(i) The ideal relationship between the scientists and the society should be of non-interference.
(ii) Scientists are also human beings. Like other citizen, the scientists should be allowed to enjoy freedom.
(iii) The society expects from the scientists that their work should be useful.
(iv) They should be allowed to find other work if the scientists stop research for war.
(v) Find the odd one out :(a) conscious, (b) wealth.

II. Answer the following questions in brief (30-40 words) :

Question 1.
What forced the applied scientists to invent an atomic bomb? (M.P. 2009)
Answer :
During the World War II it was believed that Germans were working on a hydrogen bomb. Scientists of England and America were aware of the devastating power of such bomb. So, the allied scientists were forced to invent an atomic bomb to save their position other wise the monopoly of Germans in this bomb would have made Germans a superpower of the world.

Question 2.
Why, according to the writer, did the Nazis lose the race to invent the atomic bomb?
Answer :
In the writer’s opinion, the Nazis lost the race of inventing atomic bomb because they believed that the fast chain reaction of an atomic bomb was impossible. There were not enough unconventional ideas in the German atomic projects.

Question3.
How did the Allied scientists react of the information that the atomic bomb they had invented to defeat Germany was still intended to be used?
Answer :
The Allied scientists were shocked and depressed when they learnt that the atomic bomb they had made to defeat Germany was still intended to be used. They wrote a round robin to President Truman pleading against the decision. They tried to convince him that it was not simply a bigger bomb. It should be demonstrated to the world not on men and women but in desert place.

Question 4.
Why is the writer against the people who say that the scientists should not invent or discover sources of fearsome power?
Answer :
The writer thinks that if the scientists are employed they would do their work. It is the choice of the community or the government to decide whether they want to be in peace or war. The scientists are not to be blamed for making sources of awesome power because they do only what they are asked for.

Question 5.
What freedom does the writer demand from the society for the scientist? (M.F. 2012, 15)
Answer :
The writer demands for the scientists the freedom to give their reason and to speak their mind. Community should not impose its own view on them. Society should not dictate them. A scientist should be free to follow his own conscience as any citizen should be free in peace on in war.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Chapter 8 Of Studies Important Questions and Answers

I. Read the following stanzas carefully and answer the questions given below:
Studies serve for delight for ornament and for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsel, and the plots and marshaling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned.

Questions :
(i) What do studies serve?
(ii) Write the chief use of studies for delight, ornament and ability in detail.
(iii) How is studies useful for expert men?
(iv) What do common men do of studies?
(v) Give a name of lesson from which this extract is taken.
Answers :
(i) Studies serve for delight, ornamentation and ability.
(ii) The chief use of studies is for delight in privateness and retiring for ornament is in discourse, and for ability is in the judgment disposition of business.
(iii) For expert men can execute his ideas & take judgment through it.
(iv) Common men only counsel others through studies.
(v) This extract is taken from the lesson “Of Studies”.

2. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute, nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; to weigh and consider.

Questions :
(i) What do crafty men do to studies?
(ii) Who admires studies?
(iii) What do the wise men do?
(iv) Why should we read?
(v) Give a word opposite in meaning to ‘admire’.
Answers :
(i) Crafty men condemn studies.
(ii) Simple men admire studies.
(iii) The wise men use studies.
(iv) We should read to weigh and consider.
(v) ‘Condemn’.

3. Reading maketh a full man conference a ready man, and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man writes little, he had need have a great memory; if he confers little, he had need have a present wit, and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know, that he doth not.
(M.P. 2012)

Questions :
(i) What makes a man full?
(ii) What does conference do to man?
(iii) How can a man be exact?
(iv) What does a man require if he writes little?
(v) Give a word from the passage which is similar in meaning to ‘crafty’.
Answers :
(i) Reading makes a man full.
(ii) Conference makes a man ready.
(iii) A man can be exact by writing.
(iv) If a man writes little he requires a great memory.
(v) Cunning’.

II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each :

Question 1.
What are the three chief uses of studies? (Imp)
Answer :
The three chief uses of studies are delight, ornamentation and ability.

Question 2.
Which sort of books can be studied through extracts made by others?
Answer :
Meaner sort of books can be studied through extracts made by other.

Q uestion3.
What is the use of moral philosophy?
Answer :
The books of moral philosophy gives depth.

Question 4.
Which sport is proper for curing the diseases of lungs?
Answer :
Shooting is proper for curing the diseases of lungs.

Question 5.
What should a person, whose mind wanders, read to cure him to their wandering?
Answer :
Such a person should study mathematics.

Question 6.
Why are schoolman called “hair splitters”?
Answer :
Schoolman are called “hair splutters” because they often discuss very uncommon questions like why fire is hot and water is wet; how plants and animals grow.

Question 7.
What sort of people should study the schoolmen?
Answer :
The persons whose wit is not apt to distinguish or find differences should study the schoolmen.

III. Answer the following questions in three-four sentence each :

Question 1.
Write about the rules Bacon advocates concerning the rules for study. (M.P. 2009, 15)
Answer :
Bacon advocates some rules for study. He says not to read to contradict and confute nor to believe and take for granted nor to talk and discourse but to weigh and consider.

Question 2. How can studies cure mental deficiencies? (M.P. 2013)
Answer :
Studies cure mental deficiencies. If a man’s wit is wandering, he should read mathematics. If his wit not apt to distinguish and find differences he should study the schoolmen. If he is more logical, he should study the lawyer’s cases. These are the proper. cure for the mental possession.

Question 3.
Discuss the value of different types of studies. (Imp)
Answer :
While talking about the value of studies. Bacon says that they serve for delight, for ornaments and for ability. They perfect nature and are perfected by experience. They give forth directions too much at large. They make a full man. Histories make men wise whereas poet make them witty. The mathematics subtle and natural philosophy gives depth and logic and rhetoric make them able to contend.

Question 4.
What does Bacon mean by, “Studies pass into and influence manners”?
Answer :
Bacon with this expression highlights the real character of studies. Studies become a talent and trait of a human being. They give perfection and depth. They change our behavior and outlook.

Question 5.
Write a summary of the Essay, of studies in your own words. (M.P. 2009)
Answer :
In the lesson Of Studies’ the father of english essay, francis Bacon writis about the value the value of studies. He says studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability the real use of it is realized for delight in privateness or retirement. It proves its importance in discounts in particular ‘way while the common men can only counsel. The expertness comes out of only learned person. Devoting too much time for studies is sloth (laziness) the excess use of in becomes odd. Too much use of studies for ornamentation is affection…, sticking to look become ridiculous. Natural abilities are like natural plants and they need pruning by study. Crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them while wise men make use of them. It is so because wisdom is top most quality. The writer say that reading is not created a contradiction of confusion to believe take for granted nor to find talk of discourse but it is to weigh and consider. There are numerous book with us. Some are to be lasted, some to the swallowed and some others are to be chewed and digested. One can read a few of them partly a few of them attentively and labour unattentively but a few of them attentively and laboriously. We read some book by its covers and some by reviews.

According to the author reading makes a full man, conference makes a reading man, writing makes a man perfect. Histories make man wise, poetry makes man willy, mathematic makes man subtile and natural philosophy gives him deep moral values. Books on logic rhetoric provide him ability to contend. Studies also influence our manners. According to the essayist there is no obstacle in a will but their may be distortion in studies, as we have disease in body if we dont take proper exercises. As walking is good for the ailment of stomach and riding for the head so the writer says that a man with wandering wit should study mathematics. It will keep his wit busy. If his wit is not apt to distinguish he should study the schoolmen because they often ask uncommon questions. But if one is very logical he should study the lawyer’s cases. So every defect of mind may have a special receipt.

IV. Objective Type Questions :

Choose the correct answer from the giving options :
(i) Which type of people condemn studies? (M.P. 2012)
(learned, cunning, careless)

(ii) Which of the following is not the proper use of studies?
(delight, retirement, ornament, ability)

(iii) Who is a schoolman?
(a teacher of school, student of school, administration of a school, philoso phers)

(iv) Which sort of exercise is suitable for the ailment of stomach?
(walking, riding, cycling, bowling)

(v) The lesson Of Studies’ is ………..
(a fairy tale, biography, an essay, an epic)

(vi) …………. men admire studies.
(crafty, simple, wise)
Answers :
(i) cunning.
(ii) refinement.
(iii) philosophers.
(iv) walking
(v) an essay
(vi) simple.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Chapter 10 Mahatma Gandhi Important Questions and Answers

I. Read the following passages carefully and answer the questions given below :

1. He owns nothing in this world except the pair of a very coarse Khaddar which he wears on his body. He has not even a store of these things at home. All the property amounting to several lakhs which he acquired he has given away. Not an Anna now belong to him. He is a regular sanyasi going about only in the clothing that is on him. Mr. Gandhi does not care for himself but gives all his time for the saving of the souls of other people. That is to say, such happiness as he still wants, such joy, such satisfaction as he still needs in life he wants only through promoting the joy and the happiness of others about him. If through that exertion happiness comes to him, let it come.

Questions :
(i) Whom does ‘he refer to in these lines? What did he own?
(ii) What did he do all the property which he acquired?
(iii) What type of happiness did he want?
(iv) Pick out words from the above passage which are similar in meaning to
(a) rough, (b) earned, (c) contentment, (d) wealth.
Answers :
(i) ‘He’ refers to Mahatma Gandhi in these lines. He owned nothing except the pair of coarse Khaddar which he used to put on his body.
(ii) He gave away all the property which he acquired.
(iii) He wanted to fill the life of others with joy and happiness. He strove for it throughout his life. He felt happy when he made others happy.
(iv) (a) coarse, (b) acquired, (c) satisfaction, (d) property.

2. “What is the good of forgiving those whom you love? Suppose your son misbe haves towards you, or your father one day in his anger is unduly severe to you, it is no great virture to forgive them. Suppose a brother of you does you some ; harm, and you say, ‘Never mind, you are my brother, I let you go,’ these is no great virtue in that. The difficulty is when you have to forget the sins of your enemies. If your dayadhi who has always hated you, does you some fresh injury and you forgive that, it is a real act of forgiveness. It is that which the Mahatma preaches. He says, ‘Forgive thine enemies,’ which is one of teachings of Jesus Christ. ‘Love thine enemies forgive thine enemies’ is the doctrine of forgiveness taken to its last point of development. It is very easy to say so, but I may tell you from long experience that it is one of the most difficult lessons to learn this lesson that you should love your enemies.

Questions :
(i) What is not a difficult job?
(ii) When does the difficulty arise?
(iii) What is a real act of forgiveness?
(iv) What did Mahatma Gandhi and Jesus Christ preach equally?
(v) Pick out words from the above passage which are opposite in meaning to
(a) vice, (b) remember, (c) friends.
Answers :
(i) To forgive those whom we love is not a difficult job.
(ii) The difficulty arises whom we have to forget the sins of our enemies.
(iii) It one’s dayadhi who has alway hated you, does not some fresh injury and one forgives that, it is a real act of forgiveness.
(iv) Both preached equally, forgive thine enemies.
(v) The lesson to love our enemies is one of the most difficult lessons to learn.
(vi) (a) virtue, (b) forget, (c) enemies.

II. Answer in one sentence each of the following questions :

Question 1.
What is the opposite word for Mahatma as Gandhi used to describe to himself?
Answer :
The opposite word for Mahatma as Gandhi used to ascribe to himself is Alpatma.

Question 2.
It is possible for human nature to reach to the height of Gandhi’s excellence of character? If yes, how?
Answer :
Yes, is possible for human nature to reach to the height of Gandhi’s excellence of character by following the path shown by him.

Question 3.
What did Gandhi possess as property? (Imp)
Answer :
Gandhi possessed nothing except the pair of a very coarse Khaddar which he used to put on his body.

Question4.
What did Gandhi do of the property which he had acquired?
Answer :
All the property which Gandhi had acquired, had been given away by him.

Question 5.
What did Gandhi and Christ preach equally?
Answer :
‘Forgive thine enemies.’

Question 6.
Do you think that Gandhi was a man of the courage of soul? Give reason.
Answer :
If Gandhi stood alone in defence of truth, and the whole world were banded against him and against truth, he would still fight them all, no matter if they tire his limb from limb.

Question 7.
How was Gandhi regarded universally?
Answer :
Gandhi was regarded universally by dint of his high and sublime qualities.

Question 8.
What, according to the author, shall we be if we do not know of Gandhi?
Answer :
According to the author we shall be wretched if we do not know of Gandhi.

III. Answer in 30-40 words each of the following questions :

Question 1.
How did Gandhi subject himself to self-examination. (M.P. 2015)
Answer :
Gandhi subjected himself to rigorous self-examination. He would ask himself … often during the day if he had said or done or thought anything which was unworthy. And if in course of that examination he discovered some failing, some lapse on his part, he prayed to the Almighty that he would be saved in future from similar and lapses. (Imp)

Question 2. Do you tind some difference between self-examination and self-condemna tion? It yes, how? (Imp)
Answer :
There is a difference between self-examination and self-condemnation. Self examination is ine way to transformation through analysing one’s own character. It is a positive attitude. Self-condemnation is a negative attitude. One condemns oneself for what one does. It does not mean that it would bring any clange in one’s character.

Question 3.
What kind of courage did Gandhi possess? (M.P. 2010, 12)
Answer :
Gandhi possessed a remarkable quality of courage. In Gandhi’s case courage doesn’t mean physical courage or strength. But it means the courage of soul which help one to defend one’s opinion in the face of overwhelming odds.

Question 4.
Write a short note on Gandhi’s universal significance? (Imp)
Answer :
Gandhi was one of the rare personalities who achieved a unique universal significance. It was his virtue, courage, moral strength and other sublime qualities that made him universal regarded as a great soul.

Question 5.
Explain “piety’ who, according to the author, is a man of piety?
Answer :
‘Piety’ is a divine quality. It is not an acquired quality b t it arises from the innermost depths of our heart. When one has troubles and difficulties and anxious questions appear in one’s mind and one doesn’t know to which way to turn, one becomes a man of piety because at this hour he finds answers to his prayer to God.

IV. Answer the following questions in about 150 words cach :

Question 1. On what virtues does the greatness of Gandhi rest?
Answer :
Gandhi was given the name ‘Mahatma’and he really deserves it. His life was the life of an extraordinary man of high conduct and sacrifice. He was a rare personality. He subjected himself to rigorous self-examination. Everyday he assessed himself to see whether he had done or thought anything unworthy. Everyday he made a prayer to god asking him to keep him away from such lapses. This process of self-examination made him perfect. He lived in a godly way. His perfect purity, his transparent honesty and his evident sincerity were incomparable.

Gandhi’s unselfishness was also rare. He owned nothing except the pair of a very coarse Khaddar which he used to cover his body. He had given away all the property which he acquired.

He had immense courage. The courage which he practised was not physical but it was the courage of soul. This courage of soul helped him to defend his opinion in the face of overwhelming odds. The other remarkable feature of Gandhi was the quality of forgiveness which applies to tolerance, charitable dealing and charitable thought toward others. Gandhi preached, ‘Forgive their enemies.’

The above mentioned virtues made Gandhi the rarest of the rare. He was really a man with a great soul. His greatness is matchless.

Question 2.
What is meant by self-examination? How did Gandhi practice it? (Imp)
Answer :
Self-examination means to examine oneself to see whether one has done or thought anything unworthy. It is a rare quality which is found rarely in human beings. But Mahatma Gandhi was not an ordinary person. He was the rarest of the rare of the who subjected himself to rigorous self-examination. Everyday he examined himself to see weather he had done or thought anything unworthy. Everyday he made a prayer of God asking him to keep him far away from such lapses. This process of self-examination left a tremendous effect on Gandhi. He made himself almost a perfect man. He lived in godly way but always called himself a sinner. His perfect purity, his transparent honesty and his evident sincerity were really matchless. He always tried to save himself from stray tendencies, fleeting temptations because he always felt that these negative aspects of life lead to grievous sin.

Question 3.
‘Forgiveness is divine prove it on the basis of your study. (Imp)
Answer :
The writer has explained the virtue of forgiveness in detail. Forgiveness as called by our forefather stands for tolerance, charitable dealing and charitable thought towards others. If one contemplates other’s sins, their failings or their treacherous behaviour, one thinks of how to forget forgive. Some of us do it, occasionally. Some do it once in a lifetime. Some make it a habit. Gandhi had a different opinion for it. He doesn’t mind this act with our kinds or close relatives. He says to forgive our enemies, as Jesus Christ has preached, love their enemies, forgive their enemies.’ Though it appears to be very easy but it is so difficult that only a few succeed in this attempt. Gandhi was one of those rarest of the rare. It is a divine quality,

Question4.
In what way was Gandhi a man of piety? (Imp)
Answer :
Piety is one of the most significant virtues that Gandhi possessed. In fact, a pious man is not he who merely goes to the temple and gives away large part of his wealth in charity. This is piety above and beyond these doctrines which does not need any outward expression. It is in our inner being. Whenever Gandhi was in trouble, he closed himself in a quiet room to retreat and seek the solitude of midnight. He sat there in the solemn silence of the moment. God in the most earnest tones. The writer finds that on one can do such a things unless he had the fullest and the strongest faith in the living presence of God and had always enjoyed his intimate relationship or companionship. Gandhi had felt for a number of times, as the writer says, the guidance of God.

Due to that no amount of persuasion, no entreaty, no threat would make him sway a hair’s breadth his course. Gandhi was real man of piety.

Question 5.
Enumerate in short the qualities of Gandhi as found in the lesson. (Imp)
Answer :
In the lesson ‘Mahatma Gandhi’ the writer exposes Gandhi’s qualities as a man. Some of them are his qualities of self-examination, his complete selfishness, his forgiveness, his inner courage and his piety.

While talking about his self-examination the writer says that Gandhi subjected himself to rigorous self-examination everyday by asking himself if he had said or done or thought anything which was unworthy. If in the course of examination he discovered some failing, some lapse on his part, he prayed most humbly to God to save him in future from similar failings or lapses. In this sense, he was perfect man.

Gandhi’s selflessness was know to all. He owned nothing except the pair of very coarse Khaddar which he used to put on his body. All the property which he acquired, he had given aways.

Another remarkable virtue in him was the quality of forgiveness. He used to say, “forgive your enemies.” He was a rare personality who possessed the courage of the soul. In his opinion, only this courage helps one to defend one’s opinion in the face of overwhelming odds.

Gandhi was a man of piety. His rare qualities made him a universally regarded great soul.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Chapter 11 The Model Millionaire Important Questions and Answers

I. Read the following passages carefully and answer the questions given below :

1. One morning, as he was on his way to Holland Park, where the Mertons lived, he dropped into see a great friend of his, Alan Trevor. Trevor was a painter. He was a strange rough fellow, with a freckled face and a red ragged beard. How ever, when he took up the brush he was real master, and his pictures were eagerly sought after. He had been very much attracted by Hughie at first on account of his personal charm. However, after he got to know Hughie better, he liked him quite as much for his bright buoyant spirits and his generous reckless nature, and had given him the permanent entree to his studio.

Questions :
(i) Who was on the way to Holland Park?
(ii) Who lived at Holland Park?
(iii) Whom did he meet on him way?
(iv) What was the profession of his friend?
(v) Why was his friend attracted to Hughie?
Answers :
(i) Hughie was on the way to Holland Park.
(ii) The Mertons lived at Holland Park.
(iii) He met with Alan Trevor, his great friend, on his way.
(iv) His friend’s profession was painting.
(v) His friend was attracted to Hughie for his personal charm.

2. “What I say,’ said Trevor. “The old man you saw today in the studio was Baron Hausberg. He is a great friend of mine, buys all my pictures and give me a commission a month ago to paint him as a beggar. And I must say he made a magnificent figure in his rags, or perhaps I should say in my rays they are old suit I got in Spain’.

Questions :
(i) What amazing fact did Trevor reveal to Hughie?
(ii) What did Baron offer to Trevor for painting him as a beggar?
(iii) Whose rags did Baron wear while being portrayed? ,
(iv) Give a word from the passage similar in meaning to ‘excellent’.
Answers :
(i) Trevor revealed that the old beggar man was Baron Hausberg.
(ii) Baron offered a commission, a month ago for being portrayed.
(iii) Baron wore the painter’s rags while being portrayed.
(iv) ‘magnificent’.

II. Write answer to the following questions in two or three sentences :

Question 1.
Hughie Erskine remained poor. Why profession he adopted but could not succeed? (M.P. 2010, 12)
Answer :
Hughie Erskine was unemployed. He attempted all sorts of jobs. First he tried Stock Exchange for six months, then as tea-merchant for a little longer and then he attempted selling dry sherry.

Question2.
Describe the appearance of the beggar-man as he stood in the studio of Alan Trevor? (M.P. 2013)
Answer :
The beggar-man was standing on a raised platform in a corner of the room. He was a wizened old man. His face like wrinkled parchment. He had the most piteous exposition.

Question 3.
Describe how and through whom Hughie got ten thousand pounds. (Imp)
Answer :
In Trevor’s studio Hughie was very much sympathised with the old beggar and gave him the only sovereign he had in his pocket. The beggar was really Baron Hausberg, one of the richest men of Europe. Baron invested the sovereign of Hughie which earned an interest per month. Thus, it could earn ten thousand pound which Baron presented to Hughie as his wedding gift.

III. Write answer to the following questions in about 150-200 words each :

Question 1.
Write a character-sketch of Baron Hausberg highlighting :
(a) his fortune as describe by Trevor.
(b) his desire to be painted as a beggar.
(c) his conduct as a model for a painter.
(d) his compassion and help for Hughie Erskine.
Answer :
Baron Hausberg is a very important character in the story. He is one of the richest person of Europe. He has the capacity to buy the whole of London without overdrawing his bank account. The greatness of his character lies in the fact that he is very much humble. He is a great friend of Trevor. He buys all the paintings of Trevor and gives him commission as advance. He does so to cooperate his friend.

Once Baron wishes to get himself painted as a beggar in rags. He asked Trevor to do and pays the commission as advance a month ago. For this he wears the rags. He pays full attention and follows all instructions of the painter while being portrayed.

Despite being a millionaire he is humble. When Hughie pities him and gives a sovereign to him as his token help thinking him to be a poor beggar he accepts it with all his nobility.

After Hughie leaves the painter’s studio, Baron gets all personal details about Hughie and plans to repay his sovereign with great interest. He is sympathized with Hughie. He feels all compassion for him. After a few days he sends his messenger to Hughie with a sealed envelop. On the envelop it is written, ‘A wedding present to Hughie Erskine and Laura Merton from a beggar’. Inside the envelop there is a cheque for ten thousand pound. It shows his greatness and generosity.

Question 2.
Write a character-sketch of Hughie Erskine highlighting:
(a) his appearance.
(b) his professional and monetary conditions.
(c) his attitude to money.
(d) his love for Laura.
(e) his good luck.
Answer :
Hughie Erskine is the central character in the story ‘The Model Millionaire’. He is an extremely good-looking young man. He has crisp brown hair, clear-cut profile and grey eyes. He is equally popular among men and women.

Hughie has every accomplishment except that of making money. He has inherited a cavalry sword and a ‘History of the Peninsular War’ in fifteen volumes. He lives on two hundred a year which his old aunt has allowed. He has tried everything from Stock Exchange to tea-merchant and selling sherry. Ultimately he become jobless. He is a delightful, ineffectual young man with a perfect profile and no profession. Still he does not care for money.

He becomes pathetic when he falls in love with Laura Merton who is the daughter of a retired colonel. Laura also adores him and her father is also very fond of him. But he has a condition for allowing him to marry. He has asked Hughie to brings ten thousand pound of his own. Only after that he would allow him to marry Laura.

Hughie’s luck takes an about turn when he meets an old beggar as model in the studio of the friend Alan Trevor who is a painter. The beggar looks pathetic. Hughie offers him the only sovereign which he has in his pocketed. Actually the beggar one of the richest man of Europe. He is impressed with his generosity and thanks to repay him for that. So, he collects all information about Hughie from Trevor. He feels compassion for him. After a few days he sends an envelop with a cheque for ten thousand pound as a wedding present to Hughie. Hughie gets married to Laura.

IV. Objective Type Questions :

Choose the correct answer from the giving options :
(i) Where was the beggar man placed in study of Alan Trevor when he was
(on a carpet, on a chair, in the corner, on the floor).

(ii) Which of the following is not a characteristic of Hughie Erskine’s face.
(good looks, brown hair, grey eyes, large ear)

(iii) Who Scholded Hughie for giving a sovereign to a beggar? (M.P. 2012)
(Trevor, Col. Merton, Laura, None of these)

(iv) Which of the following works Hughie Erskine did not try to earn his living from?
(work as a professional jester, work as the stock exchange, work as a wine merchant, work as a tea merchant),
Answers :
(i) in the corner.
(ii) largo ears.
(iii) Laura.
(iv) work as a professional jester.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Chapter 14 One Thousand Dollars Important Questions and Answers

I. Read following extracts carefully and answer the questions given below :

1. “None”, Gillian frowned at his cigarette and kicked the upholstered leather of a divan uneasily. “There is miss Hayden, a ward of my uncle who lived in his house. She’s quite thing-musical the daughter of some body who was unlucky enough to be his friend. I forgot to say that she was in on the seal ring $ 10 joke, too. I wish I had been. Then I could have had two bottles of brut, tripped the :. waiter with the ring, and had the whole business off my hand. Don’t be superior and insulting, Old Bryson-tell me what a fellow can do with a thousand dollars.”

Questions :
(i) Who is Miss Hayden?
(ii) What is her nature?
(iii) What does she got from uncle’s property?
(iv) Had Gillian got the same thing. What would have he done with it?
(v) Give a word from the passage opposite in meaning to ‘inferior’.
Answers :
(i) Miss Hayden is ward of Gillian’s uncle.
(ii) She is quite and musical.
(iii) She get the seal ring and ten dollars.
(iv) Gillain would have spent if for two bottles of brut and tipped the waiter with a ring.
(v) ‘superior.

2. Mr. Gillian”, he said, formally, “there was codicil to your uncle’s will. It was intruded to us privately, with instructions that it be not opened until you had furnished us with a full account of your handling of the $ 1000 bequest in the will. As you have fulfilled the conditions, my partner and I have read the codicil. I do not wish to encumber your understanding with its legal phraseology, but I will acquaint you with the sprit of its contents.

Questions :
(i) What does Tolman say to Mr. Gillian?
(ii) What is the codicil?
(iii) What would happen with Gillian’s account?
(iv) What is the meaning of ‘encumber’?
Answers :
(i) Tolman says to Mr. Gilian that there is a codicil to his uncle’s will.
(ii) The codicil is that it is to be announced to Gillian only after he submits the accounts.
(iii) Gillian’s account would be examined by Tolman and his partner.
(iv) “Prevent something from moving’.

II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each :

Question 1.
Why did the lawyer give Gillian the money? (Imp)
Answer :
The lawyer gave the money to Gillian because it was the share of the Will of his uncle who died.

Question 2.
Why did Gillian call the amount of one thousand dollars a con- foundedly awkward amount?
Answer :
Gillian called it so because he thought it be a very little to spend. Moreover, he had to submit an account for it.

Question3.
Who bestowed the amount upon Gillain?
Answer :
Gillian’s uncle had bestowed the amount upon him.

Question 4.
Why did Gillian go to the club?
Answer :
Gillian went to the club to hunt for Old Bryson.

Question 5.
“Bryson was sequestered”, which sentence in the story shows this quality of Bryson?
Answer :
The—“When he saw Gillian approaching he sighed” shows this quality of Bryson.

Question 6.
What did Gillian consider as a joke in his uncle’s Will? (M.P. 2013, 15)
Answer :
Gillian considered the fact to be a joke in uncle’s Will. It was that his uncle was worth half a million dollars but he had left only a thousand dollars for Gillain.

Question 7.
What did Old Gillian bestow upon Miss Hayden?
Answer :
Gillian bestowed his share of amount upon Miss Hayden.

Question 8.
What would Gillian have done if his uncle had bestowed upon him a seal ring and ten dollars? (M.P. 2012)
Answer :
Had his uncle bestowed upon Gillian a seal ring and ten dollars he would have enjoyed life never better than now with two bottles of brut and tripped the water with the ring. He would have kept all his business off.

Question 9.
What did Gillian want to spend the money at one go?
Answer :
Gillain wanted to spend the money at one go because he had to maintain an account and he hated itemizing.

Question 10.
What did the lawyer tell Gillian when he submitted his account? (Imp)
Answer :
The lawyer told that his account would be examined as per the will of Old Gillian and if found to be prudent, wise or unselfish they would give him $ 50000 additional amount.

III. Answer the following questions in three or four sentence each:

Question 1.
Was Gillian satisfied with the amount his uncle bestowed upon him? Justify your answer by quoting the sentence from the text.
Answer :
As per lawyer Tolman Gillian’s uncle had bestowed to him $ 10,000 dollars in his will. Gillian was not at all satisfied with the amount. The following incidence justify this :

(i) It is such a confoundedly awkward amount he explained generally.
(ii) What can a man possibly do with a thousand dollars?

Question 2.
How did the author describe Bryson’s reaction when Gillian told him about one thousand dollars?
Answer :
When Gillian told Bryson about the one thousand dollars he showed as much interest as a bee shows in a vinegar cruet. The author is very witty and ridiculous in his assessment of Bryson.

Question 3.
Why did Gillian call his uncle ‘the fairy godmother’? (Imp)
Answer :
Gillian called his uncle ‘the fairy godmother’. As he thinks his uncle had a lot nearly half a million dollars. But he gave only a thousand of it to Gillian without assessing his status and need. He was not realistic in his approach.

Question4.
How did Gillian react to Bryson’s suggestions for spending the money? .
Answer :
Gillian didn’t like the idea of Bryson about spending the amount left by his uncle. He told Bryson that he would be liked by people if he wouldn’t moralize. He also reacted that Bryson had suppressed him.

Question 5.
Why did Gillian go to Columbine Theatre? Why was he disappointed there? (M.P. 2015)
Answer :
Gillian went to Columbine Club to meet Lotta Lauriene who dealt in diamond pendant. He went there to see whether he could find any suitable prospect to spend the amount in one lump. He was disappointed as there was no such scope.

Question 6.
What did Gillian tell Miss Hayden before giving her one thousand dollars?
Answer :
Before giving one thousand dollars to Hayden Gillian told her that Tolman had found an amendment or a postscripts to the will of the old Gillian in which he had willed one thousand dollars to her. Tolman had sent him to hand it over to him.

Question 7.
Why did Gillian take back the envelope containing the account from the lawyer and tear it? : (M.P. 2012)
Answer :
When Gillian submitted his account of expenditure Tolman said to him that as per the will of the Old Gillian, the account was to be examined. If it was found justified and unselfish he would get another $ 50,000 dollars. Gillian was aware that his account was not justified in that since. So, he took the account and tore it. Moreover, he wanted to get rid to getting any amount which required itemized account of expenditure.

IV. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each :

Question 1.
What did Bryson suggest Gillian to spend one thousand dollars? (M.P. 2011)
Answer :
In this story Gillian gets one thousand dollars from his uncle who had died. But uncle had put a condition that Gillian had to submit a detailed account of the expenditure of the amount. As Gillian was poor in account he thought of consult Old Bryson. Bryson was a peculiar man. He suggested many ways to spend this amount. He told that with one thousand dollars one can buy a happy home, send one’s wife to south, one can buy pure milk for a hundred babies. One thousand dollars can also serve the purpose of educating an ambitious boy. One can move to New Hampshire and live respectfully for two years, and lecture one’s audience. He also advised him to go to Miss Lotta Lauriene who was a diamond pendant dealer. He asked him to buy some pendants. He suggested him to go to the ranches specially the sheep ranches. His ideas were ridiculous. So, Gillian did not follow them.

Question 2.
What type of man was young Gillian? (Imp)
Answer :
Young Gillian was a unique character. He is man of free will and careless life. He does not care for money. His uncle’s one thousand dollars has no much importance for him. He does not like keeping account of his expenses. He had been careless about his expenses. So, his uncle had willed to give him the amount only if he submitted the detailed account of expenditure. He consults Bryson for his suggestion, on his expenses. He suggests a number of options. Gillian does not like them as they involve itemizing when he hates. He wanted to spend it in one hit. Finally he gives the entire amount to Miss Hayden, a ward of his uncle Old Gillian.

He is full of emotion. He feels compassion of Hayden. In spite of Hayden’s dislike for himself he again and again expresses his love for her. Finally he submits his account to Tolman where he finds that his account is to be checked. He takes his account back and tears it into bits to save him from the money. After all he is good man of free will.

Question 3.
What do you mean by codicil? What was the codicil? What was he codicil to old Gillian’s will? Why did he make this arrangement?
Answer :
Codicil is the term which is used for a new but later addition in one’s will. In this story Old Gillian has left a will in which he has expressed his desire for the distribution of his belongings after his life. He has given the part of his property to his dependent and other relatives. Gillian, his nephew, is one of them whom the old Gillian has given one thousand dollars. But he has put a condition, which dictates that Gillian has to submit a detailed account of his expenditure item-wise which Gillian does not like. However, he submits the account to get rid of it. Then lawyer Tolman informs him about the codicil. As per this codicil his account was to be examined to Tolman and his partner. If it was found to be justified, unselfish and wise, he would be rewarded with bonds of 50,000 dollars. It the amount was found to have been spent in the manner as had done in part the new reward would be given to Miss Hayden. Old Gillian might have made this codicil in order to put his nephew on proper track of life.

Question 4.
How did young Gillain feel about Miss Hayden? What acts of his suggest what he felt for her?
Answer :
Gillian is a man of full of love and compassion for others. He leads a carefree life. He doesn’t care for money. When he comes to know from Tolman that Hayden has got the ring and the $ 10, he feels sympathy for her. Actually he loves her. He goes to her straight way, gives the entire amount of one thousand dollars to her. He does not disclose to her that it is his share he is giving to her. He doesn’t want to let her know. Later he expresses his love for her. Which she flatly rejects in a sharp tone. Still Gillian is not annoyed. He writes a note that he is giving the amount of one thousand dollars to best and dearest woman on earth. All his action shows how much he loves her.

Question 5.
What are the various alternatives that Gillian told Old Bryson for spending One thousand Dollars? (Imp)
Answer :
Gillian, the central character of the story, is a man of free will. He does not care for what the others say for him. He is an extravagant. He lives like leişurely. When he gets one thousand dollars from his uncle, he feels awkward. It is only because he had to submit a detailed account of his expenditure. He doesn’t like itemizing. He wants to find a way how he could spend the whole amount in one lump. Still he consults Old Bryson who could tell him some ways. He first tells him his own alternates about spending the amount. He wants to have two bottles of brut, tripped the water with the ring and the whole business off his hands. For him one thousand dollars on only a little for anyone to spend.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Chapter 15 Sister Nivedita Important Questions and Answers

I. Read the following passages carefully and answer the questions given below :

1. Her greatest desire was to see the whole nation educated in national lines. She encouraged the study of science, and helped Jagdish Chandra Bose in bringing to light his theories and discoveries. Similarly, she believed that a re-birth of Indian Art was essential for the regeneration of India. She disapproved of the fiction of the Hellenic influence in Indian Art, inspired Abanindranath Tagore and others to revive it ideals and define the scope and function of Indian school of Art. (M.P. 2015)

Questions :
(i) What was her greatest desire?
(ii) What did she do for science?
(iii) What was her view about Indian art?
(iv) What did she not approve in Indian Art?
(v) Why did she inspire Abanindra Nath Tagore?
Answers :
(i) Her greatest desire was to see the whole nation educated in national lines.
(ii) She encouraged the study of science and helped Jagdish Chandra Bose in bringing his theories and discoveries to light.
(iii) She thought that a rebirth of Indian Art was essential for the regeneration of India,
(iv) She disapproved of the fiction of the Hellenic influence in Indian Art.
(v) She inspired Abanindra Nath Tagore to revive the ideals of Indian Art.

2. She had tremendous faith in women of India. She found them shy and retiring, but gentle, proud and dignified. She wanted them to have better education. But she also asked the women not to give up their own ideals and practices. She strongly believed that once the woman of India awoke the country would be great again. She called India the land of great women and praised the ideals for which Sita and Savitri, Uma and Gandhari stood. She was full of admiration for the faitfulness and utter selflessness and loving thoughtfulness of Indian wife. She passed away on 31th October, 1911 after an attack of dysentery at Darjeeling. (M.P. 2011)

Questions :
(i) In whom had she tremendous faith?
(ii) What did she find about Indian women?
(iii) What did she want for them?
(iv) What she did not want from Indian women to give up?
(v) What ideals did she praise?
Answers :
(i) She had tremendous faith in Indian women.
(ii) She found them sky retiring but gentle, proud and dignified.
(iii) She wanted better education for other.
(iv) She didn’t want from Indian women to give up their ideals and practices.
(v) She praised the ideals for which Sita and Savita, Uma and Gandhari stood.

II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each :

Question 1.
What incident proved to be a turning point in the life of Sister Nivedita? (Imp)
Answer :
The search for truth proved to be a turning point in the life of Sister Nivedita.

Question 2.
What type of politics was she interested in?
Answer :
She was interested in aggressive politics..

Question 3.
What was her purpose in taking up a lecture-tour of India?.
Answer :
She went on a lecture-tour of Indian to rouse the national consciousness of the people.

Question 4.
Whom did she inspire to revive the ideals of Indian Art?
Answer :
She inspired Abanindra Nath Tagore to revive the ideals of Indian Art.

Question 5.
Which one is supposed to be her best-known book?
Answer :
“The Master As I Saw Him’ is supposed to be her best-known book.

Question 6.
Whom did she blame for the ruined economy of India? …(Imp)
Answer :
She blamed British imperialism for the ruined economy of India.

III. Answer the following questions in 30-40 words each :

Question 1.
Write a short note on the early education of Sister Nivedita.
Answer :
Sister Nivedita got her education at Halifare College, run by a Chapter of the Congregationalist Church. She took up teaching work in 1884 at Keswick, in 1886 at Wrexham and in 1889 at Chester. She was greatly influenced by the “New Education Method of Pestalozzi and Froeble.

Question 2.
What factors made Sister Nivedita a center of a great educational move ment?
Answer :
Nivedita’s great intellectual gifts made her well-known in the high society of London. Even Huxley had been much impressed by her intellectual. Gradually she became the centre of a great educational movement..

Question 3.
How did Swami Vivekanand’s preachings bring about a change in the career of Sister Nivedita?. (Imp)
Answer :
Sister Nivedita was greatly impressed by Vivekanand’s preaching’s which he gave in London. She immediately took a decision and offered her lifelong service in search of Truth and for that left for India. She came to Calcutta on 28 January where she was initiated into Brahmacharya and was given the name of Nivedita by Swami Vivekanand on 25 March, 1898…

Question 4.
The author says, “She was a strong supporter of women’s education.” What were her views about Indian women?
Answer :
Sister Nivedita was a strong supporter of women’s education. She advocated for schools in the same way as they were for the boys. She has tremendous faith in them. She wanted them to have better education. But she also asked them not to give their own ideals and practices. She strongly believed that once the women of India awoke, the country would be great again.

Question 5.
When was she named Sister Nivedita and by whom? (M.P. 2013)
Answer :
Sister Nivedita was very much impressed by Swami Vivekanand’s views. She offered her lifelong services in search of truth and left of India. She came to Calcutta on 28 January where she was initiated into Brahmacharya and was given the name of Nivedita by Swami Vivekanand on 25 March, 1898.

Question 6.
What did Sister Nivedita do for the uplift of Indian woman? (M.P. 2012)
Answer :
Sister Nivedita did a lot for the uplift Indian woman. She had tremendous faith in them. She wanted better education for them. She started Kinder-garten school for Hindu girls in November 1898. She inspired them in many ways. She asked them not to give up their own ideals and practices.

Question 7.
Give Sister Ņivedita’s views on Swadeshi Movement. (M.P. 2015)
Answer :
Sister Nivedita took active part in India’s struggle for Independence. She supported Swadeshi Movement both in principle and practice. For her Swadeshi Movement was an opportunity for the Indian to make themselves respected by the whole world.

IV. Answer the following questions in 150 words each :

Question 1.
Discuss sister Nivedita’s views on contemporary Indian politics and her interest in it.
Answer :
Sister Nivedita had very high opinion about India. She was greatly influenced by the preaching of Swami Vivekanand. She offered her lifelong services to India. She undertook a number of social services and worked for Indian mass wholeheartedly. She took pains to spread awareness of Indian people. She focused on female education she thought it could make country great. After the death of Swami Vivekanand she resigned from the purely spiritual Ramakrishna Order in July, 1902 and began taking active part in the Indian struggle for freedom.

She undertook lecture-tours throughout India to arouse national consciousness of the people. Hers was an aggressive type of politics. She didn’t believe in petitioner type of the politics of the moderates. Still she maintained cordial relations with the leaders of Schools of different political thought. She attended Banares Congress in 1905. She supported Swadeshi movement of the Indian people both in principle and practice. She was of the view that in Swadeshi Movement the Indian people had found an opportunity to command respected from the white. She also helped other Nationalist groups like Down Society and Anushilan Samity. She was an active leader in Indian politics..

Question 2.
What is information do you gather from the lesson about Sister Nivedita’s approach to :
(i) National education, and
(ii) Indian Art. (M.P. 2009, 10)
Answer :
(i) Sister Nivedita was very much influenced with the preachings of Swami Vivekanand. Right from the beginning of her life she opted for teaching work. She started her own school. She became a prominent educationalist in London. Later the search for truth led to Vivekanand’s teachings of the Vedanta. Later she came to India where she opted for teaching, social work and spirituality. She was a strong supporter of female education. For her school for girls was as much essential as it was for the boys. She declared that India needed the arduous transition. She started a Kindergarten for Hindu girls.

(ii) She was highly impressed with the Indian Art. She disapproved of the fiction of the Hellenic influence in the Indian Art. She inspired persons like Abanindranath Tagore to receive its ideas and defined the scope and functions of Indian School of Art.

Question 3.
Give a short life sketch of Sister Nivedita. (M.P. 2011)
Answer :
Sister Nivedita was born at Dunganon, country Tyrone, Ireland on 28 October 1867. Her name was Margret Elizabeth Noble. She was the eldest daughter of Samual Richmon and Mary Isabel. Her parents were scottish but had settled in Ireland Margret got her education at Halifax, college. It was run by a chapter of congregationalist church. She took up teaching work in 1884 at Keswick at Wrexham in 1886, and at Chaster in 1889. She was greatly influenced by the new education method of pestatozzi and frobel. She started a school of her own in 1892 by the name of Rusk in school in Wimbledon. She earned a high repute for her intellectual qualities in the high society of London. . Right from her childhood she grew up under the influence of Christian principles. But the search for truth led her in 1895-96 to Swami Vivekanand teachings of Vedanta. In response to his message she offered her life long services in search of truth and came to India.

She participated in freedom movements, participated in many relief work, write many books and contributed to a number of magazines and newspaper. She died on 13 October 1911 after an attack of dysentery in Darjeeling.

V. Objective Type Questions :

Choose the correct answer from the giving options :
(i) Sister Nivedita was born in :
(England, Newzealand, London, Ireland)

(ii) According to sister Nivedita schooling and education should be planned for:
(women only, the present and next generations, the present generation only, men and women separately)

(iii) Aggressive type of politics means :
(moderate politics, petitioner politics, non-violent way of politics, politics of forceful revolution)

(iv) Nivedita wanted to see India educated on :
(ancient lines, national lines, moderate lines, western lines)
Answers :
(i) Ireland.
(ii) The present and the next generation.
(iii) politics of forceful revolution.
(iv) national lines.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Chapter 17 Sir Roger at Home Important Questions and Answers

I. Read the following passages carefully and answer the questions given below:

1. At the same time the good old knight, with a mixture of the father and the master of the family, tempered the inquiries after his own affairs with several kind of questions relating to themselves. This humanity and good nature engages everybody to him, so that when he is pleasant upon any of them, all his family are in good humour, and none so much as the person whom he diverts himself with, on the contrary, if he coughs, or betrays any infirmity of old age, it is easy for a stander-by to observe a secret concern in the look of all his servants.

Questions :
(i) What virtues of the old knight were described here?
(ii) What made him a lovable person?
(iii) How were the servants ready to serve him?
(iv) Give a word from the passage opposite in meaning to ‘open’?
Answers :
(i) The virtues of the old knight talked about in these lines were that he was a mixture of the father and the master of the family.
(ii) The master’s humanity and good nature made him a lovable person.
(iii) The servants were ready to do everything for the master.
(iv) ‘secret’.

2. He was now been with me thirty years and though he does not know I have taken notice of it, has never in all that time asked anything of me for himself, though he is everyday soliciting me for something in behalf of one or other of my tenants, his parishioners. These has not been a lawsuit in the parish since he has lived among them, if any dispute arises, they apply themselves to him for the decision, if they do not acquiesce in his judgement, which I think never happened above once, or twice at most, they appeal to me. At his first setting with me, I made him a present of all good sermons which have been printed in English and only begged of him that every sunday he would pronounce one of them in the pulpit. Accordingly, he has digested them into such a series, that they follow one another naturally and make a continued system of practical divinity.

Questions :
(i) Who is talked in these lines?
(ii) For how long the gentlemen living with Roger?
(iii) What did Roger present him?
(iv) What did Roger asked him to do?
(v) What is the meaning of ‘begged of”?
Answers :
(i) A good old gentlemen is talked about in these lines.
(ii) He had been living with the Roger for more than thirty years.
(iii) One day Roger presented him a collection of good sermons printed in English.
(iv) Roger asked him to pronounce one of the sermons every Sunday.
(v) requested’.

II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each :

Question 1.
Where was Addison invited by Sir Roger to stay with him?
Answer :
Addison was invited by Sir Roger to stay with him at his country house.

Question 2.
Who among the servants of Sir Roger looked like his brother?
Answer :
The valet de chamber looked like Sir Roger’s brother:

Question 3.
Who among the domestic servants of Sir Roger look like priry-councilor? (M.P. 2009)
Answer :
Sir Roger’s coachman looks like a priry-councilor.

Question 4.
Why did tears come in the eye of the servants when Sir Roger come home? (Imp) (M.P. 2013)
Answer :
Tears came in the eyes of the servants when Sir Roger came home because he (Sir Roger) was good man who always took great care of them.” ..

Question5.
Who among the domestic servants of Sir Roger is a very prudent man?
Answer :
Sir Roger’s butler is a very prudent man.

Question 6.
Sir Roger diverted him time “in the wood”. What does “in the woods” mean?
Answer :
“In the woods” means in the jungle”.

Question 7.
Who among the domestic of Sir Roger lives with him man as a relation than a dependent?
Answer :
Sir Roger’s Chaplain lives with him more as a relation than dependent.

Question 8.
Why did Sir Roger not want to be insulted by Latin and Greek at his table?
Answer :
Sir Roger did not want to be insulted by Latin and Greek at his table because he had a little knowledge about Latin and Greek.

Question 9.
How much annuity has been settled upon the Chaplain? (M.P. 2015)
Answer :
The Chaplain has been settled upon the endowments and other privileges whatever he wants. He is offered the personage of the parish.

III. Answer the following questions in 50-60 words each :

Question 1.
Write about the manner in which Addison spent his days a the country-seat of the Sir Roger?
Answer :
Addison was allowed to rise and go to bed at his own pleasure was up to him whether he dined at Sir Roger’s table or in his own chamber. He was not objected for anything.

Question 2.
Write a note in the domestic of Sir Roger and their qualities. (Imp)
Answer :
Sir Roger’s family consisted of all sober and staid persons. The master himself possessed all the good qualities. He never change his servant nor his servants wish to leave him for his good qualities. They has grown old with the house:

Question 3.
Why has there been no litigation in Coverley since, the Chaplain came there?
Answer :
The Chaplain was a good natured man. He was a nice gentleman. He was wish and practical enough to manage any critical situation. He was a good councilor. It was his managing skills that no litigation prolonged since he came there.

Question4.
Write a note on the way in which the Chaplain made his speeches from the pulpit (M.P. 2012)
Answer :
When Sir Roger asked the Chaplain to pronounce one of the sermons every Sunday, he digested them into such a series, that they following another naturally and made continued system of practical divinity.

Question 5.
Who was a mixture of the father and the master of the family?
Answer :
Sir Roger was a good natured man. The writer calls him a mixture of the father and the master of the family. He cared all the servants as the members of the family. He never charged any of them. No servant of his over wanted to leave him. They were all ready to do anything for him.

IV. Answer the following questions in a paragraph :

Question 1.
What qualities did Sir Roger want in a Chaplain? How did he get such a Chaplain? (Imp)
Answer :
Sir Roger wanted that a Chaplain should be a good scholar. He should be a plain and ordinary man. The Chaplain whom Sir Roger employed was really a real gentleman with all the good qualities. He was a man with managing skills good oration, full devotion and dedication to his work. He was a good councillor.

Question 2.
Sir Roger was called a humorist, Why? (M.P. 2009, 11)
Answer :
Sir Roger was a man of all good qualities. He was lovable man. He is called a humorist because he cared for all his servants equally. He himself tried to keep the family environment always pleasant. He tried to amuse them. He never cared for any mistake of his men. He always diverted himself in word. He never changed his servants nor his servants wished to go from his house. He was a mixture of a good father and amiable master.

V. Objective Type Questions :

Choose the correct answer from the giving options :
(i) Where did the writer go with Sir Roger?
(guest house, country house, farm house, country club)

(ii) We are told that one of the domestics of Sir Roger lived with him for thirty years who is that man?
(The groom, the chaplains, the coach man, the valet de chamber)
Answers :
(i) Country house.
(ii) The chaplains.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Chapter 19 Mirabai Important Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions briefly in four or five sentence each):
Question 1.
Why was Rani angry with Mirabai? (M.P. 2015)
Answer :
Mirabai, a 16 year old princess of Marwar, is in disgrace in her husband’s house because of her excessive devotion to Lord Krishna. The House of Mewar worships the Goddess Durga and takes it as an insult to the honour of the House that this young girl dares to defy them. The Rani of Mewar, Mirabai’s mother-in-law is angry with her obstinacy and wishes to punish her.

Question 2.
How did Rani try to influence Rana Sanga? (Imp)
Answer :
Rani was a deadly enemy of Mirabai, her daughter-in-law. She poured poison into Rana’s ears. She said that Mirabai was unfaithful to her husband and she loved Jaimall, her cousin. She told Rana that Mirabai did not honour the family deity Durga. Instead she was devoted to Lord Krishna.

Question 3.
Who was Jaimall? How did he feel about Mirabai? (Imp)
Answer :
Jaimall was a kinsman of Mirabai from Merta. He was a young man and the confidante of Rana Sanga. He felt compassionate about Mirabai. When Rani made charges against Mirabai, he came forward to defend her. He pointed out that she had always been loving the image of Lord Krishna as other children loved their toys. He was very much perturbed to see Mirabai’s predicament in the palace of Rana Sanga.

Question 4.
How did Rana Sanga try to persuade Mirabai? (M.P. 2011, 12)
Answer :
Rana Sanga was rather soft and polite while behaving with Mirabai. He advised her to stop too much brooding. He told her to play with children, mixed with women and get ornaments to wear. He warned that unless she stopped worshipping Lord Krishna, there would not be peace between him and her.

Question5.
When Sanjogta say, “The clouds are heavy, There is thunder in the air” the nurse replies, “inside the palace and without”. Explain her reply.
Answer :
The nurse gave a hint everything is a against Mirabai inside the palace. Mirabai’s life is in danger. She has no friends. Both Rana Sanga and Rani are totally against her. She may be poisoned to death. She cannot take food prepared by anybody but her nurse. Her only well-wisher Jaimall has been driven out of the palace. The thunder implies those times facing Mirabai inside the palace.

Question 6.
“That was a trick to lure some secret out of you,” says the nurse. What was the trick and who played it?
Answer :
The wicked Rani played the trick to cause more trouble to Mirabai. The trick was played by the maid-servant on behalf of Rani. The servant wanted to get a token of love from Mirabai for her cousin Jaimall. The gift was to be exploited to malign both Jaimall and Mirabai. Rani would show that sign as a proof of romance between the cousins.

Question 7.
Why did the nurse scream when the Charnamrit was sent to Mirabai? Having drunk it, what does Mirabai mean when she say, “I paid in full …..”?
Answer :
Charamrit is in fact holy water. It is collected while giving a bath to a god. But the golden cup contained not charnamrit but poison. The nurse’s suspicion was correct. But God willed it otherwise. That poison had no adverse effect on Mirabai. The hymn sung by Mirabai means that she has paid for Krishna the greatest price of all. She had agreed to drink poison and die in order to prove her love for Krishna. There could not be a higher price than one’s own life.

Question 8.
Who was Bhojraj? Why was he unhappy? (M.P. 2009, 12)
Answer :
Bhojraj was the son of Rana Sanga, the ruler of Mewar. He had been married to Mirabai, who was a devotee of Lord Krishna. As a bride she could not pay much attention to her husband and family. Instead she used to spend too much of her time in worshipping Lord Krishna. At the time of marriage with Bhojraj, she went round the image of Krishan three , times. Bhojraj was very upset and unhappy.

II. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each :

Question 1.
Describe the qualities of Mirabai as revealed in the play. (M.P.2009, 10, 13)
Answer :
Mirabai belonged to the royal house of Mewar or Merta. At the age of six her mother had dedicated her to Lord Krishna. She used to play with and love the image of Krishna as children love toys. At the time of her marriage with Bhojraj, son of Rana Sanga of Mewar, she went round the image of Krishna three times. Her only well-wisher in the court was Raja Jaimall, her brave cousin from Merta. She was protected from harm by her two female attendants – Sanjogta and an old nurse.

She spent too much of her time to devotion. She worshipped Lord Krishna. She had brought Krishna’s image from Merta. She used to talk with image as though to living god. She wrote verses in Krishna’s honour and praise. This displeased even her husband and her in-law. She was just a lovely girl of sixteen when then incident narrated in the play took place. She was sorry that all her well-wishers suffered disgrace on her account. She had no interest in jewellery and no fear of death. Once the presented her bare neck to Rana Sanga to be cut off. Next time she drank off all the poison sent by Rana Sanga and Rani. But no harm came to her because she was pure and pious.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Chapter 20 Profit and Loss Mirabai Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions in about 200-250 words :

Question 1.
Write a character-sketch of Ramsundar highlighting the following points : (M.P. 2009, 10)
(a) his poverty :
(b) his love for his daughter; (M.P. 2010)
(c) his attempts to provide dowry for his daughter and the failure in his attempts;
(d) his reception at the place of his daughter’s parents-in-laws;
(e) the attitude of his sons towards him.
Answer :
Ramsundar is the central character of the story ‘Profit and Loss’. He represents a man from typical Indian background. He belongs to a poor middle class family. He had live sons and a daughter. As the daughter was the youngest one after the five sons he loved her very much. He wanted to marry her to the most suitable groom. He went on searching for it. But he had to face the problem of dowry. Finally, he got the only son of renowned Raybahadur. Though the demand was Rs. 10,000 along with many additional gifts, he finalized the deal. But in no way he could raise all the money. Even after pawing, selling and using every method he could not manage the entire sum. Still he needed six-seven thousand rupees. . On the weeding day Raybahadur refused to allow his son to marry without getting the entire amount. Ramsundar fell on his knees before the Raybahadur, he implored him not to bring bad luck by breaking of the ceremony, insisted he would pay him in full. But Raybahadur was adamant. Ramsundar was very miserable. However the marriage was performed with the support of groom’s good sense and youthful spirit.

After the marriage when Ramsundar went to meet his daughter, he was treated badly. He had no honour at all his son-in-law’s house. Even the servant neglected him. Sometimes he saw his daughter just for five minutes in a separate outer room of the house. Sometimes he was not allowed to see her at all.

It was unbearable for him. So, he decided to manage the rest amount by selling his house. But his sons didn’t support him. Day by day, Nirupama’s tale of woes was growing. She had to bear the burnt of her in-law’s spiteful behaviour Ramsundar finally sold his house secretly. When Nirupama knew it she asked her father not to give any money to her in-laws. After that she didn’t send any massage to Ramsundar. Finally she died of illness, starvation and pangs of torture. Ramsundar heard all these. He also heard how Raybahadur made the funeral of Nirupama a grand occasion. Ramsundar’s position was too miserable to utter a word at the inhuman traits of so-called high class people.

Question 2.
What moral do you draw from the story ‘Profit and Loss’? Do you think dowry is justified? Why or why not? (M.P. 2009, 12, 15)
Answer :
Profit and Loss’ is a story by Rabindranath Tagore. It highlights the theme of the greatest social curse which had prevailed in society right from ancient eras. It tells us the woes of dowry. Its forms have been changing though the different ages. In old times it was in the form of exchange of gifts. Later it was changed to the monetary gain. The voice of protest against it has always been raised but of no concrete result. Law are their but are not able to put an end to this system.

Dowry has hugely affected the society. The system of dowry in unpious and impure. The father of the girls who think that they can buy good relations for their daughter actually before themselves. A person who marries for money can never be true to any relationship. This abominable system can be removed only when the young people will take initiative and will determine to uproot this system from the society.

Question
Write the summary of the Story “Profit and Loss” in your own words. (M.P. 2010)
Answer :
‘Profit and Loss’ is a story by Rabindranath Tagore. It highlights the age old burning problem of dowrky in our society. After five years a daughlis was born to Ramsunder Mitra. She was named as Nirupama peerless when she grew up Ramsunder went on searching a suitable groom for his daughter. After a long searched he got the son of a Raybahadur a grand family at the dowry of 10,000. But Ramsunder failed to arrange the amount still here was due of 6000 to 7000 on the wedding day Raybahadur was adamanent to allow his son to marry after getting the amount. But his son married Nirupama against his father’s will.

After marriage whenever Ramsunder went to meet his daughter he was treated very in differently even the servant ignored him. He was allowed to meet Nirupama only for a little while in outer room sometimes he was not even allowed to see her. She was never allowed to go to her father’s house. Her father was much pained at such behaviour so he decided to arrange the due amount of dowry.

On the other hand Nirupama was badly treated by her in laws. Every time she had bear the brunt of insults. One day Ramsunder decided to sell his house secretly but his sons protested. Then he started raising loans at high interest. This pained Nirupama she asked her father not to give any dowry amount to in-laws does not have any desire to go her fathers house. Ramsunder stopped going to his daughter-in-law house. But Nirupama refused to go home along with her father. After that she lost interest to live, stopped taking food ignored her health as well which resulted in her death. After her death Raybahadur (her father-in law) arranged her funeral as a grand occasion. He spent money for her funeral which put him in debt. Meanwhile Nirupama’s husband had made arrangement to take his wife along with him. His mother replied to him that they had secured another bride for him. He should come for new marriage. This time the dowry was 10,000 rupees cash down.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Chapter 21 The Dear Departed Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions in about 150 words :
Question 1. Write a character-sketch of Mrs. Slater highlighting the following points : (Imp)
(a) her greed
(b) her overpowering nature.
(c) her straight walk.
(d) her impoliteness, and.
(e) her lack of the sense of feelings.
Answer :
Mrs. Slater is one of the daughters of Abeļ Merryweather. She plays the most dominant role in the play. She is a vigorous, plump, redfaced, vulgar woman prepared to do any amount of straight talking to get her own way. She is sharp-witted. After she gets confirmed about the death of her father, she tries to first grab all the essentials of her father. She takes Victoria, her sister into confidence. She takes the bureau of her father. She also asks her sister to take his slippers. She also takes the mantelpiece from her father’s room. Then she turns her attention to the insurance policy of Abel Merryweather and also wants to get sure he had paid its premiums. She doesn’t want anyone to come there before she takes every thing in her possession.

She is a lady of overpowering nature. She instructs how to pose to be a perfect mourn before the visitors. She expresses her mourning in a very perfect way before her uncle and aunt who have come there to their sympathy. She doesn’t show sympathy to anyone. She is very rude in her behaviour. When she comes to know that her father is not dead, she is shocked. But she control herself in a clever manner. Though she is exposed. The father comes to know everythings and changes his will. She tries to convince her father that she has taken the things just to keep them safe. But the father leaves the house and denounces his daughter, behaviour.

Mrs. Slater represents a great materialistic character who has no emotion no relation, but only own-self. She is completely feelingless.

Question 2.
How are the two sisters exposed in the play “The Dear Departed”? (M.P. 2009, 12, 15)
Answer :
“The Dear Departed’ is a play which exposes the degradation of moral value in the British class. The theme is put in the form of a story of a family affair represented by two sister Mrs. Slater and Mrs. Jordan. Their father Mr. Abel is shown to be dead. The behaviour of the daughters and their husbands after the confirmation of Abel’s death is changed completely. They are not at all concerned with the dead body or the funeral rites. Instead they take care of the things and other belongings like slippers, mantelpiece, bureau, insurance policy, etc. of Abel. They want to grab all the things before any outsiders come there for mourning. They even want to get sure whether Able had paid to last premium of the policy. They are in hurry because their relatives are to reach there any moment. They become too much greedy. On the other hand they are in black dress as a mark of mourning. They posses to be in great grief. This attitude is not appreciating because it shows very low grade. After all Abel is their father. Whatever he died or possessed, it is for mentality this daughters. If he were died in fact, if the first concern for Mrs. Slater and Mrs. Jordan first to arrange his funeral in a perfect manner. But their attitude shows they have no attachment with him. They are concerned only with his belongings. They are exposed for their lost moral value.

Question 3.
Justify the title of the play “The Dear Departed’. (Imp)
Answer :
“The Dear Departed’ is a satirical play with exposes the degradation of moral values in the British middle class. The two sister Mrs. Slater and Mrs. Jordan represent the characters who have lost all moral values. The moment they come to know that their father is dead. They become active to grab all his belongings one by one they take his bureau, slippers, mantelpiece, insurance policy, etc. they have no concern for the dead father. They pose to be in perfect mourning. But their attitude is not honest. They don’t want to spend anything for the funeral. However Abel, their father, gets up. The two sisters are surprised. Abel exposes them. He is not convinced at their pleas in excuses. He disowns them. Here the dear father departs from his daughters. On the other hand, it is the belongings of the father which were most dear to the two daughters are also lost for them. So, the writer has chosen the title ‘The Dear Departed’ very aptly.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Chapter 22 A Pair of Mustachios Important Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in 4 or 5 sentence each ::.

Question 1.
What kinds of mustachios has the author described? Name the classes of people who can wear them. (M.P. 2012, 13)
Answer :
The author had described different kinds of mustachios worn in our country. There are Chinese, American and English type of mustachios. There are also lion mustache, tiger mustache, goat mustache, sheep mustache, Charlie Chaplin and Curzon-cut mustache. These types symbolize the people who wear them. For example-lion mustache is for rajas and maharajas and nawabs, tiger mustache is for the feudal gentry, goat mustache for business class, Chaplin-cut for lower middle class and Curzon-cut for sahibs and barristers.

Question 2.
What did the village say about Khan Azam Khan’s descent? (Imp)
Answer :
Khan Azam Khan, living in a old dilapidated Mughal style house, claims himself to be a descendant from an ancient Afghan family. The villagers like landlords, moneylenders say that Khan was an imposter and all his talk about his blue blood was merely the bluff of” the rascal. Some others like priests of the temple consider that Khan’s ancestor were certainly attached to the court of the great Mughals but only as mental workers.

Question 3.
Describe in brief, Khan Azam Khan’s financial condition. (M.P. 2009, Imp)
Answer :
Khan Azam Khan lived in an old dilapidated Mughal style house. He had only a few remnants of a gold brocaded waist-coat. He had lost all his land. His financial position was very poor. He had a few ornaments which he used to pawn to maintain his household.

Question 4.
Why did Khan Azam Khan accept the value the grocer put on his wife’s nose-ring? : (M.P. 2009, Imp)
Answer :
Azam Khan accepted the value what the grocer put on his wife’s nose-ring because Khan’s concern to the lowering of grocer’s mustache became prominent. He agreed to accept any value to see grocer’s mustache down.

Question 5.
What did the grocer say when Azam Khan told him to bring the other tip of his mustache down?
Answer :
The grocer was a very clever person. In order to satisfy Azam Khan he lowered the tip of his mustache. After the deal was finalized Azam Khan saw it was only the tip of one side lowered. So, he asked the grocer to lower down the other side of his mustache also down. The grocer said whenever he (Azam Khan) would come for another deal, he (the grocer) would lower down the other tip also.

Question 6.
On what condition was the grocer ready to bring both the tips of his mustache down? (M.P. 2010, 11, 15)
Answer :
Azan Khan was adamant to see the both the tips of grocer’s mustache down. The grocer tried to bring Khan to his senses. But Khan was in no mood to compromise. Then the grocer said that he wouldn’t do even if Khan pawned all the jewellery, he possessed to him.

Question 7.
Why did the villagers laugh when Azam Khan walked away? (M.P. 2013)
Answer :
At least Khan was ready to lose all his remaining worldly possessions, his pots and pans, his clothes, even his house-just to see the grocer’s mustache down. Now the grocer was ready to lower down his mustache by accepting the deal. Khan lost everything whatever he had. When he walked away saying “My father was a Sultan’, the villagers laughed at his foolishness and false notion.

II. Answer the following question in about 150 words:

Question 1.
“Khan Azam Khan’s pride was greatly in excess of his present posses sions”. Explain.
Answer :
Khan Azam Khan is typical character who represents a man living with his ruined pride. He lives in an old dilapidates Mughal style house. He claims himself to be a descendent from an ancient Afghan family whose heads were nobleman and councilor in the court of the great Mughals. He wears a tiger-mustache and remains adorned with faded remnants gold brocaded waist-coat. He hasn’t even a patch of land left.

The village people have different opinion about Khan. The landlord of the village and. the moneylender don’t approve of Khan’s claims. For them Khan is bluffing the people. The priest thinks that Khan family was attached to great Mughals not as courtiers but an menial workers. Whatever the fact was one thing appears to be a fact that they were jealous of Khan’s pride. He obviously loves his stately ruins and his old privileges. He takes all care to protect hid pride and every sacred brick of his tottering house.” . But in the changed situation Khan’s pride is greatly in excess of his present possessions. He has lost everything-land and jewellery. Still he wants people to honour him as a descent of a great family. He goes to the moneylender to pawn his wife’ nose-ring. But more than that he shows his concern to see the moneylender’s mustache down. This deal makes him lose all what he has. But he is happy that he has brought moneylender down to his position. It was just a false notion of a foolish man who fails to change himself with the time.

Question 2.
Write a character-sketch of Ramanand, the grocer. (M.P. 2013, 15)
Answer :
Seth Ramanand is an important character of the story. He is the grocer and moneylender of the village. He is a veteran businessman. He has been doing well out of the recent fall on the price of wheat by buying of whole crop cheap from the hard-pressed regions and then selling them at higher prices. This has raised his position and so he has given a twist in the style of his mustache. The whole of the village is obliged to Ramanand either because they own him interest a loan or an instalment on a mortgage of jewellery or land. He treats them all very tactfully. He deals with Azam Khan very respectfully. He also wants to satisfy him in all the way only because he has to do a business with him. He even tolerates Khan’s idioti behaviour till last. But when it is too much he even then does not loss temper. To solve the problem amicably he puts a condition. Khan loses all his remaining possessions. Seth Ramanand gains a lot out of the foolishness of Khan.

Seth Ramanand knows all the tricks of business. He has patience, nobility ability, submission and maturity. He deals every situation very wisely. He is a perfect businessman who knows to change his colour with every customer.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Chapter 23 The Bishop’s Candlesticks Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions in 150 words each :

Question 1. What role do the candlesticks play in the lives of the Bishop and the con vict? (M.P. 2009, 11)
Answer :
Candlesticks play the most prominent role in the whole of the story especially in the lives of the Bishop and the convict. As the title of the play applies the candlestick belongs to the Bishop who got it from hid dying mother. The mother had asked him to keep them in the remembrance of her. Bishop therefore had a great attachment with the candlestick. He loves it more than his life and doesn’t want to part from it. He has generously donated all his belongings one by one for the welfare of someone or the other. But he is not reluctant to give the candlesticks to anyone. These candlesticks becomes also a turning point in the life of the convict who tempted to see them. He steals them when Bishop goes to sleep. The convict thinks that these candlesticks can change his life. He is so much tempted to them that he doesn’t even care for the hospitality and the teaching of the Bishop. He runs away taking them.

Incidentally he is caught by the police and again brought to the Bishop for identification. The Bishop recognises the candlesticks but says that he himself had given them to the convict. It brings a great change in the convict’s life. Thus, the candlesticks are equally important for the Bishop and the convict.

Question 2.
The convict says to the Bishop, “I was a man. Now I am not a man”. Why and how? (M.P. 2015)
Answer :
The convict incidentally enters the house of the Bishop. He appears to be very restless. He had been running away from the police. He thought that the Bishop’s house was the safest place to hide. The Bishop thinks him to be just and ordinary man. He has intention to hand him to the police. The convict is completely fed up with his life. He thinks himself to be dead. He says to the Bishop that once he was a man but now he is just number 15729 which he was given in the prison and had been called so for the last ten years. Before that he had a little cottage surrounded by vines growing on it. He had a wife. Once she was ill and they had no food. He was workless. His wife was dying. He stole for the first time to feed her. He was caught. None of his pleas was considered and he was put in jail for ten years. During those ten years he was in hell treated very badly even worse than beast. The hellish treatment ruined his life. He was chained like a wild animal and lashed like a hound. He was fed on filth and covered with vermins. There was no one to listen to his complain. So, he say to them, that he was a man once but now he was only a beast.

Question 3.
In the end the convict says, “You have made me feel that it is just as if something had come into me-as if I were a man again and not a wild beast.” What does it mean and how did this change come in the convict?
Answer :
The convict in the play ‘The Bishop and the Candlestick’ is a man who comes in the house of the Bishop. He had been in jail for ten years for no fault. As he says to the Bishop that he had a family but no job. His wife was ill and dying with starvation. He stole for the first time to feed his dying wife. But he was caught. None of his pleas was taken to notice and he was put in jail. He was treated like a beast in every sense of the term. However when he was released after a long hellish life by that time he was noting more than a beast. The Bishop gives him shelter and treats him with sympathy. He asks him to forget the past and to live a good life. But the convict is so fed up that he ignores Bishop’s preachings. He has no love for humanity. So, he steals Bishop’s candlestick. But he is caught. When the police come to the Bishop for recognition of the candlestick the Bishop says the them that the convict was his friend and he himself has given these candlesticks to him.

This virtue of the Bishop transform the convict’s mind. He realized his mistake and admit that the Bishop had created something new in the convict’s life.

Question 4.
Discuss the character of the Bishop in the light of the following points : (M.P. 2013)
(a) his family.
(b) his love for the poor and the suffering.
(c) his charitable behavior-an example of charity begins at home’.
(d) his faith in rousing the goodness in a man.
(e) overall assessment.
Answer :
Bishop is the most prominent character in the play ‘The Bishop’s Candlestick”. The dramatist though his character conveys a high moral lesson to the reader. Bishop is a man of simple living. He lives with his only sister Person. He has great affection for the poor and the suffering. He helps them in all his capacity. He is highly charitable. He has donated all his belongings to the poor. He never thinks for himself and for his family. His sister doesn’t like his charitable nature because he has donated everything to the needy. Even the last item the salt cellar is also donated to a person who needs to pay rests. The last item in the house is a candlestick. Person tells him that he would certainly give it to someone one day. But the Bishop promise to keep it forever in the memory of his mother. A convict comes in his house. He doesn’t hesitate to provide him with all comfort and care against the wish of Persome. Later he comes to know the convict’s story. But he allows him to remain in the house. He preaches him also. The Bishop is not ready to take the convict to be a real criminal. He only thinks him to be a human being. Even when the convict runs away with the Bishop’s candlestick, and the police brings him for recognition he says that the convict is his friend. On the whole we can conclude that Bishop is really a god fearing highly religious man the hot Persome. Later hoesn’t hesitate to provever in the me shim to police brie that B.

Question 5.
What is the message conveyed by the play? (Imp) (M.P. 2010)
Answer :
The Bishop’s Candlestick’s is an one-act play with a Christian story. Its main focus is on the transformation of a man through realization. The Bishop is the main character who represents a true a devotee of the Almighty God. He appears to be a real Christian character who has all faith on God. He helps mankind in all his capacity. He gives all his belongings to help the needy and the poor. He thinks that a thing which a just a show piece in his house can feed a poor man. So, why shold it not be given to him? In this way he loses his big estate and all his household items. His realistic character at its height when we see the convict-episode. A convict gets shelter in his house. His sister Persome opposes him stay but the Bishop doesn’t take him to be a criminal. He thinks the criminal is just a human being and there is no harm in allowing him to stay with them. The convict does not conceal anything about himself. He has no feeling nor trust for God or for humanity. So he steals, the Bishop’s candlesticks and runs away. Incidentally he is caught by the police. He is brought to the Bishop for recognition of the candlesticks as they bear the name of the Bishop. The Bishop tells the police that the convict was his friend and the Bishop had himself given the candlesticks to him. It makes the convict feel and realize the power of godly existence. He, completely transformed. The Bishop’s preaching work well and prove that no one is born criminal. Situation makes one so and if treated with compassion and sympathy one can be put on the right path.

Question 6.
“There is so much suffering in the world and I can do so little”. What would you like to do reduce suffering of mankind?
Answer :
This world is a wonderful creation of God. All through the life a man faces many ups and downs. Its is said that we learn better from our sufferings. There are different kinds of sufferings that we face. It may be poor living condition, lack of resource, ailments, etc. Everyday in our life we come across rag pickers, beggars in many forms. Those rag-pickers or beggars have no shelter or any other facility for their living. They can hardly live a life nothing better than a beast or animal. We are pained to see them. They are sufferers and we too. Still there a hope which can change the whole scenario of we take it seriously.

Sometimes I feel great pain to see them and I think to do something for them. First of I’ll establish a charity home to provide food and shelter to the destitutes. I’ll also start a school form them. I’ll try to raise fund for them through charity shows. I’ll also cooperation from the government.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Chapter 24 A Cup of Tea Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each:

Question 1.
Justify the title of the story ‘A Cup of Tea’. (M.P. 2009, 10, 12, 13, 15)
Answer :
A Cup of Tea’ is an interesting story by Katherine Mansfield. She has appropriately chosen this title. The story throws light on the lifestyle of different women for whom fashion and show remain the ends of life. They never miss a chance to show off their affluence by going for antiques and old books. This story writer brings out the contrast * between the rich and the poor. The real story is centralized around the matter of a cup of tea.

A poor little girl asks Rosemary Fell for a prict of cup of tea. Out of generous show off her affluency, Rosemary takes her home. She offers tea and snacks to the poor girl. In the mean time her husband Philip comes. He is fascinated by the poor harmful girl when Rosemary knows it she becomes envious of the poor girl. She offers some money to her and asks her to go away. The story ends over a cup of tea. So, the title is most suited.

Question 2.
Write a character-sketch of Rosemary highlighting: (M.P. 2009, 13, 15)
(a) her appearance
(b) her hobbies
(c) her affluence
(d) her sense of kindness
(e) her eccentricity
(i) her jealousy.
Answer :
Rosemary Fell is the most prominent character in the story. She is young, brilliant, extremely modern, exquisitely well dressed and amazingly well-read lady. She belongs to an affluent family. She likes to enjoy the parties of important people and artists. She also has fascination for shopping and antique collection. The shop-keepers flatter her.

Rosemary is of generous nature. When she comes across a poor girl asking for the price for a cup of tea, she feels pity for her. She takes her home. She provides her tea and snacks. She becomes too much eccentric to the poor girl, so she provides her with her coat and other comforts.
When her husband comes, he becomes attracted to the girl. He asks Rosemary to take the girl to the dinner. This makes Rosemary envious of the girl. Then suddenly her mind turns. She offers some money to the girl and asks her to go away at once.

Question 3.
Write a character-sketch of the poor girl, Miss Smith in your own words, covering the following aspects : (Imp)
(a) her poverty
(b) her beauty
(c) her timidity
(d) her distrusting nature
(e) her behaviour.
Answer :
Miss Smith is a poor girl with a major role in the story. First she appears when Rosemary Fell comes out of an antique shop. It is raining. The girl asks Rosemary for the price of a cup of tea. Rosemary turns to the girl who was extraordinary. She takes the girl home. She provides her with per coat. The girl is no doubt beautiful. Though poor she looks confident. Philip, Rosemary’s husband is surprised to see her. He is so much attracted to her, that he wants to take her to dinner. The girl is looking somewhat timid for poverty. First she suspicious that whether Rosemary would send her to the police. His behavior is childish. She is fascinating. She behaves like a nursery child. She is amazed to see the things in Rosemary’s house. Rosemary offers her some money and asks her to go away out of jealousy very innocently Miss Smith goes away.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions

MP Board Class 11th Samanya Hindi व्याकरण, भाषा बोध Important Questions

1. उपसर्ग एवं प्रत्यय

उपसर्ग

प्रश्न 1.
उपसर्ग की परिभाषा दीजिये।
उत्तर–
वे शब्दांश जो किसी शब्द में जुड़कर उसका अर्थ परिवर्तित कर देते हैं, उपसर्ग कहलाते हैं। उपसर्ग का कोई स्वतंत्र अस्तित्व नहीं होता, फिर भी वे अन्य शब्दों के साथ मिलकर एक विशेष अर्थ का बोध कराते हैं। उपसर्ग सदैव शब्द के पहले आता है। जैसे – (म. प्र. 2009)

प्रश्न 2.
वे शब्दांश जो शब्द के पहले जुड़कर उसका अर्थ बदल देते हैं
(क) संधि
(ख) समास
(ग) उपसर्ग
(घ) प्रत्यय।
उत्तर–
(ग) उपसर्ग। प्रत्यय

प्रश्न 3.
प्रत्यय की परिभाषा दीजिये। (म. प्र. 2010)
उत्तर–
जो शब्दांश किसी शब्द या धातु के अंत में जुड़कर नये अर्थ का बोध कराते हैं उन्हें प्रत्यय कहते हैं।
जैसे –
कड़वाहट, लड़कपन में हट, पन प्रत्यय है। इस प्रकार हम कह सकते हैं कि शब्द के अंत में प्रत्यय लगाने से उनके अर्थ में विशेषता एवं भिन्नता उत्पन्न हो जाती है।

प्रश्न 4.
प्रत्यय कितने प्रकार के होते हैं? सोदाहरण स्पष्ट कीजिये।
उत्तर–
प्रत्यय के दो प्रकार होते हैं –
(i) कृदन्त और
(ii) तद्धित।

(i) कृदन्त – कृदन्त प्रत्यय वे होते हैं जो धातुओं के अंत में लगाये जाते हैं। जैसे
1. राखन + हारा = राखनहारा, (Imp.)
2. कसना + ओटी = कसौटी,
3. सोता + हुआ = सोताहुआ,
4. चट + नी = चटनी,
5. टिकना + आऊ = टिकाऊ,
6. लड़ना + आका = लड़ाका,
7. थक + आवट = थकावट,
8. बच + आव = बचाव।

(ii) तद्धित – तद्धित प्रत्यय वे होते हैं जो संज्ञा, सर्वनाम, विशेषण के साथ लगाये जाते हैं।
जैसे –

प्रश्न 5.
आई अथवा इक प्रत्यय लगाकर (2 – 2)शब्द बनाओ।
उत्तर–

प्रश्न 6.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों में प्रयुक्त उपसर्गों को छाँटिए और उनके प्रयोग से अन्य तीन – तीन शब्दों की रचना कीजिए – अलिप्त, गैर – जिम्मेदारी, निष्काम, सुलभता।
उत्तर–

प्रश्न 7.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों में से प्रत्यय और उपसर्ग को अलग कर लिखिए
अज्ञात, विरक्त, ऐश्वर्यवान, अनदेखे, बेपहचान, बलवान, नि:स्तब्ध, सुलभ, सुन्दरता, वीरता।
उत्तर–

प्रश्न 8.
“नैपुण्य” शब्द का दूसरा रूप है “निपुणता” जिसमें ता प्रत्यय लगा है। इसी प्रकार नीचे लिखे शब्दों के रूप बदलकर लिखिए – सुन्दरता, उदारता, चतुरता।
उत्तर–
सौन्दर्य, औदार्य, चातुर्य।

प्रश्न 9.
अध्यक्ष शब्द में ‘ईय’ प्रत्यय लगाकर बना अध्यक्षीय शब्द, इसका अर्थ है – “अध्यक्षका”। इसी तरह नीचे लिखे शब्दों से नये शब्द बनाइए – भोजन, राष्ट्र, वित्त, नाटक, पुस्तक, मनन, पठन, लेखक।
उत्तर–
भोजनीय, राष्ट्रीय, नाटकीय, पुस्तकीय, मननीय, पठनीय, लेखकीय।

प्रश्न 10.
‘अति’ उपसर्ग तथा ‘वट’ प्रत्यय लगाकर एक – एक शब्द लिखिए।
उत्तर–
‘अति’ उपसर्ग – अति + काल = अतिकाल
‘वट’ प्रत्यय – सजा + वट = सजावट।।

प्रश्न 11.
वे शब्दांश जो शब्द के पीछे जुड़कर उसका अर्थ बदल देते हैं – (म. प्र. 2010,11)
(क) संधि (ख) समास (ग) प्रत्यय (घ) उपसर्ग
उत्तर–
(ग) प्रत्यय

2. संधि

प्रश्न 1.
संधि किसे कहते हैं? इसके कितने प्रकार हैं? (म. प्र. 2010, 13)
उत्तर–
दो वर्णों के मेल को सन्धि कहते हैं। सन्धि का अर्थ जोड़ होता है। संधि करने में किसी शब्द का अंतिम अक्षर दूसरे शब्द के पहले अक्षर से जुड़ा रहता है। जैसे – विद्या + आलय = विद्यालय। सूर्य + उदय = सूर्योदय।। संधि के तीन प्रकार हैं – 1. स्वर सन्धि 2. व्यंजन संधि और 3. विसर्ग संधि।

प्रश्न 2.
स्वर संधि किसे कहते हैं? (Imp.)
उत्तर–
दो स्वरों के मेल को स्वर संधि कहते हैं। जैसे –
धर्म + अर्थ = धर्मार्थ।
भानु + उदय = भानूदय।
रवि + इन्द्र = रवीन्द्र। (म. प्र. 2010)

प्रश्न 3.
स्वर संधि कितने प्रकार की होती है? उदाहरण सहित स्पष्ट कीजिये।
उत्तर–

(i) दीर्घ संधि – जब एक ही स्वर चाहे वह ह्रस्व हो या दीर्घ एक साथ आये अर्थात् अ, इ, उ, ऋके बाद ह्रस्व या दीर्घ अ, इ, उ, ऋ क्रमश: आये तो दोनों को मिलाकर एक दीर्घ स्वर हो जाता है। जैसे
परम + अर्थ = परमार्थ, (म. प्र. 2011)
भानु + उदय = भानूदय, (म. प्र. 2013)
मही + इन्द्र = महीन्द्र,
पितृ + ऋण = पितृण,
अभि + इष्ट = अभीष्ट,
महा + आलय = महालय।

(i) गुण संधि – यदि स्वर अ या आ के बाद इ, ई, उ, ऊ या ऋ आते हैं तो उस स्थान पर क्रमश: ए, ओ तथा अर् हो जाते हैं। जैसे
महा + इन्द्र = महेन्द्र, (संभावित)
देव + ऋषि = देवर्षि, (Imp.)
राका + ईश = राकेश,
बाल + उपयोगी = बालोपयोगी,
सुर + ईश = सुरेश,
वीर + इन्द्र = वीरेन्द्र।

(iii) वृद्धि संधि – यदि अ, आ के बाद ए, ऐ, ओ, औ आये तो इनके स्थान पर क्रमश: ऐ, औ हो जाता है –
जैसे –
सदा + एव = सदैव, (म. प्र. 2010, 13)
मत + ऐक्य = मतैक्य,
परम + औषधि = परमौषधि,
जल + ओध = जलौध।

(iv) यण संधि – यदि इ, ई, उ, ऊ तथा ऋ के बाद कोई असमान स्वर हो तो ये क्रमश: य, व, या, यु हो जाते हैं।
जैसे –
यदि + अपि = यद्यपि,
सु + आगत = स्वागत,
इति + आदि = इत्यादि, (म. प्र. 2011)
प्रति + उपकार = प्रत्युपकार,
प्रति + एक = प्रत्येक,
अति + आचार = अत्याचार।

(v) अयादि संधि – ए, ऐ, औ के बाद किसी असमान भिन्न स्वर आने पर ए, ऐ, ओ के स्थान पर अय, आय, आव हो जाता है।
जैसे –
ने + अन = नयन,
नै + अक = नायक,
पौ + अक = पावक, (म. प्र. 2013)
पो + अन = पवन।

प्रश्न 4.
व्यंजन संधि की परिभाषा सोदाहरण दीजिये।
उत्तर–
जब व्यंजन और स्वर या व्यंजन से मेल होता है तो उसे व्यंजन संधि कहते हैं।
जैसे –
सत् + जन = सज्जन, (म. प्र. 2010, 13)
वाक् + ईश = वागीश,
महत् + चक्र = महच्चक्र,
दिक् + गज = दिग्गज,
उत् + हार = उद्धार,
दुस + चरित्र = दुश्चरित्र,
राम + अयन = रामायण,
सम + कल्प = संकल्प,
जगत् + नाथ = जगन्नाथ,
उत् + गमन = उद्गमन,
सत् + आचार = सदाचार, (म. प्र. 2013)
सत् + आनन्द = सदानन्द,
दिक् + अम्बर = दिगम्बर, (म. प्र. 2011)
सत् + गति = सद्गति,
उत् + घाटन = उद्घाटन, –
शम् + कर = शंकर,

प्रश्न 5.
विसर्ग संधि की परिभाषा उदाहरण सहित दीजिये।
उत्तर–
विसर्ग के साथ जब किसी स्वर या व्यंजन का मेल होता है तब विसर्ग संधि होती है।
जैसे –
निः + छल = निश्छल,
धनु: + टंकार = धनुष्टंकार,
दुः + कर = दुष्कर,
मनः + हर = मनोहर, (म. प्र. 2011, 12)
पुनः + जन्म = पुनर्जन्म,
निः + पाप = निष्पाप,
मनः + रथ = मनोरथ,
नमः + कार = नमस्कार,
मनः + योग = मनोयोग,
पुरः + कार = पुरस्कार,
दुः + शासन = दुःशासन, .
निः + झर = निर्झर,
निः + धन = निर्धन (म. प्र. 2010)
निः + रोग = निरोग,
बहिः + कार = बहिष्कार।

प्रश्न 6.
‘राजेन्द्र’ तथा ‘विद्यालय’ शब्द का संधि विच्छेद कीजिए।
उत्तर–
राज + इन्द्र = राजेन्द्र (गुण संधि)
विद्या + आलय = विद्यालय (दीर्घ संधि)

प्रश्न 7.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों का संधि विच्छेद कर उनमें प्रयुक्त संधियों के नाम लिखिए धर्मोपदेशक, अधर्मासक्त, भिन्नतार्थ।
उत्तर–

3. समास

प्रश्न 1.
समास किसे कहते हैं? समास के विविध प्रकारों को उदाहरण सहित समझाइए।
उत्तर–
दो या दो से अधिक शब्दों के ऐसे मेल को जिसमें उन शब्दों के बीच सम्बन्ध बताने वाले अन्य शब्द लोप हो जाते हैं, समास कहते हैं।
यथा – भाई और बहिन = भाईबहिन।
(बीच का सम्बन्ध बताने वाला शब्द ‘और’ लोप है।)

सामासिक पदों के बीच सम्बन्ध स्पष्ट करने के लिए विभक्तियों को रखना ‘विग्रह’ कहलाता है। जैसे भाईबहिन सामासिक शब्द है, इसका विग्रह ‘भाई और बहिन’ हुआ।

समास के प्रकार – समास छ: प्रकार के होते हैं –

(1) अव्ययीभाव समास – जब दो पदों में एक पद अव्यय तथा दूसरा पद संज्ञा होकर मेल होता है, उसे अव्ययीभाव समास कहते हैं।

इसी प्रकार – आजन्म, आमरण, अनुरूप, हररोज, भरपेट, अतिकाल, धीरे – धीरे, हाथों – हाथ, निर्भय, समूल आदि अव्ययीभाव समास हैं। (म. प्र. 2015)

(2) तत्पुरुष समास – यह ऐसे दो पदों का मेल है जिसमें बाद का पद प्रधान होता है। जैसे – पददलित, मार्गव्यय, ऋणमुक्त, बैलगाड़ी, निशाचर, राष्ट्रप्रेम, राममन्दिर, तुलसीकृत, गृहप्रवेश, शरणागत धर्मभ्रष्ट उपर्युक्त सामासिक शब्दों में बाद के पद प्रधान हैं। (म. प्र. 2009)

(3) कर्मधारय समास – यह ऐसे दो पदों का मेल है जिसमें एक विशेषण होता है। जैसे – नीलाम्बर, मृदुवाणी, श्वेताम्बर, कमलमुख।
नील + अम्बर = नीलाम्बर (म. प्र. 2013)
मृदु + वाणी = मृदुवाणी
श्वेत + अम्बर = श्वेताम्बर
कमल + मुख = कमलमुख
धर्म + नायक = धर्मनायक (म. प्र. 2011)
पीत + अम्बर = पीताम्बर। (म. प्र. 2011)

(4) द्विगु समास – यह ऐसे पदों का मेल है जिसमें प्रथम पद संख्यावाचक विशेषण तथा दूसरा पद संज्ञा हो। जैसे – नवरत्न, त्रिभुवन, चतुष्पदी, चौमासा। पंचवटी (पाँच वटों का समूह), त्रिकाल, नवरात्रि, त्रिनेत्र, चुतर्वेद (चार वेदों का समूह)। नवनिधि (नौ निधियों का समूह) (म. प्र. 2011)

(5) द्वन्द्व समास – दोनों पद प्रधान होते हैं। दोनों के बीच और शब्द का लोप होता है।
जैसे –
मातापिता = माता और पिता (म. प्र. 2013)
राजरानी = राजा और रानी
गंगा – यमुना = गंगा और यमुना (म. प्र. 2009)
दयाधर्म = दया और धर्म
अन्नजल = अन्न और जल।

(6) बहुब्रीहि समास – यह ऐसे पदों का मेल है जिनसे बना तीसरा पद नवीन अर्थ देता है। जैसे लम्बोदर – लम्बा है उदर जिसका अर्थात् गणेश। नीलकंठ – नीला है कंठ जिसका अर्थात् शंकर। दशानन दस+ आनन् = रावण। पीताम्बर – जिसका वस्त्र पीला है अर्थात् श्रीकृष्ण। चतुर्मुख – चारमुख = ब्रह्मा। (म. प्र. 2010) गजानन – गज + आनन = गणेश। (म. प्र. 2009, 13)

प्रश्न 2.
नीचे दिए समास युक्त पदों का विग्रह कीजिए –
धर्मनायक, दिगंबर, महात्मा, तरुण – तरुणी, समुद्र – यात्रा।
उत्तर–

प्रश्न 3.
निम्नलिखित किन्हीं दो शब्दों का समास विग्रह कर समास का नाम लिखिये
(i) भरपेट,
(ii) राजपुत्र,
(iii) सप्ताह,
(iv) लेन – देन।
उत्तर–

प्रश्न 4.
जिस समास में प्रथम शब्द संख्यावाचक हो, उसे कहते हैं …. (म. प्र. 2010)
(क) द्विगु समास (ख) द्वन्द्व समास (ग) कर्मधारय समास (घ) तत्पुरुष समास।
उत्तर–
(क) द्विगु समास।

प्रश्न 5.
‘समास’ के …………. भेद होते हैं। (पाँच/छः) (म. प्र. 2015)
उत्तर–
छः।

4. लगभग समान रूप से उच्चरित किन्तु अर्थ में भिन्न शब्द

प्रश्न 1.
समोच्चरित भिन्नार्थक शब्द किसे कहते हैं, उदाहरण सहित समझाइए।
उत्तर–
प्रत्येक भाषा में कुछ ऐसे शब्द होते हैं जिनका उच्चारण एक जैसा होता है या लगभग समान होता है, किन्तु उनके अर्थों में अन्तर होता है। छात्रों को इन शब्दों का ज्ञान होना चाहिए।

नीचे श्रुतिसमभिन्नार्थक शब्दों के उदाहरण दिये जा रहे हैं –

प्रश्न 2.
निम्नलिखित समोच्चरित भिन्नार्थक शब्दों में अंतर स्पष्ट कीजिए –
अन्न – अन्य, इति – ईति, कृपण – कृपाण, वात – बात।
उत्तर–

प्रश्न 3.
निम्नांकित समोच्चरित भिन्नार्थक शब्दों में अंतर स्पष्ट कीजिए –
वारिद – वारिधि, क्षात्र – छात्र, सुकर – सूकर, पथ – पथ्य।
उत्तर–

प्रश्न 4.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों के दो – दो अनेकार्थक शब्द लिखकर उसके सामने अर्थ स्पष्ट कीजिए –
अंक, अंबर।
उत्तर–
अंक – संख्या, गोद। (म. प्र. 2015)
अंबर – वस्त्र, आकाश।

5. विलोम शब्द

प्रश्न 1.
विलोम शब्द की परिभाषा सोदाहरण दीजिए।
उत्तर–
एक – दूसरे के विपरीत या उल्टा अर्थ बतलाने वाले शब्द विलोम शब्द कहलाते हैं। यह ध्यान दिया जाना चाहिये कि संज्ञा शब्द का विलोम संज्ञा ही होगा और विशेषण शब्द का विलोम विशेषण ही होगा।
जैसे –
अनुराग – विराग।

कुछ महत्त्वपूर्ण विलोम शब्द शब्द

प्रश्न 2.
“आदि और अंत” विलोम शब्द हैं। इसी तरह निम्नलिखित शब्दों के विलोम लिखिए –
वीर, प्राची, फूली, रण, घमण्ड, स्वच्छंद, पुलकित, दलित। (पा. पु. प्रश्न)
उत्तर–

प्रश्न 3.
नीचे लिखे शब्दों के विलोम शब्द लिखिए –
अज्ञात, अनजान, बलवान, अगम्य, बहुत – सा, वीर, सच्चा, गर्म।
उत्तर–

प्रश्न 4.
‘सम्पन्न’ एवं ‘नीति’ शब्द का विलोम लिखिए।
उत्तर–
सम्पन्न – विपन्न
नीति – अनीति।

6. पर्यायवाची शब्द

प्रश्न 1.
पर्यायवाची शब्द की परिभाषा सोदाहरण दीजिये।
उत्तर–
जिन शब्दों के अर्थ समान होते हैं उन्हें पर्यायवाची शब्द कहते हैं। पर्यायवाची शब्दों को समानार्थक या प्रति शब्द भी कहते हैं।
जैसे –
संसार = जग, जगत, दुनिया, विश्व, लोक।

कुछ महत्त्वपूर्ण पर्यायवाची शब्द

प्रश्न 2.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों के दो – दो पर्यायवाची शब्द लिखिए सोना, आकाश।
उत्तर–
सोना = कंचन, कनक
आकाश = आसमान, अम्बर।

प्रश्न 3.
‘आनंद एवं ईश्वर’ शब्द के पर्यायवाची लिखिए।
उत्तर–
आनंद – प्रसन्न, हर्ष, प्रमोद।
ईश्वर – भगवान, ईश, परमेश्वर।

प्रश्न 4.
‘अमृत’ का पर्यायवाची है
(क) क्षीर (ख) अमर (ग) उपल (घ) सुधा।
उत्तर–
(घ) सुधा। (म. प्र. 2010, 12)

7. भाव – पल्लवन – भाव – विस्तार

विचार एवं भाव विस्तार की प्रक्रिया ‘पल्लवन’ भी कहलाती है। इसके अन्तर्गत महत्वपूर्ण कथन, सूत्र, सूक्ति, विचार अथवा लोकोक्ति में निहित भावों को विस्तार से प्रस्तुत किया जाता है। इसे ‘विशदीकरण’, ‘विस्तारण’, ‘वाक्य विस्तार’ ‘भाव विस्तार’ आदि नामों से भी जाना जाता है। यह सारांश लेखन की प्रतिगामी प्रक्रिया है। भाव विस्तार के द्वारा विद्यार्थी की कल्पना और रचना शक्ति का परिचय मिलता है। इसमें मूल वाक्य में निहित भावों का ही विश्लेषण किया जाता है।

पल्लवन न तो बहुत छोटा होना चाहिए और न ही बहुत बड़ा। सामान्यत: छ: वाक्यों में या 50 से 60 शब्दों में भाव विस्तार करना चाहिए। पल्लवन या भाव विस्तार सम्बन्धी निर्देश निम्नलिखित हैं –
1.दी गई पंक्ति का अर्थ पूरी तरह समझने के लिए उसका एकाधिक बार ध्यान से एवं विचारपूर्वक वाचन करना चाहिए।
2. सम्पूर्ण विचारों में क्रमबद्धता होनी चाहिए।
3. भाव विस्तार अन्य पुरुष में ही लिखा जाना चाहिए।
4. वाक्य छोटे हों तथा सरल, स्पष्ट एवं मौलिक भाषा का प्रयोग होना चाहिए।
5. मूल भाव से सम्बन्धित बातें ही लिखी जाएँ।
6. उदाहरण अपेक्षित हो तभी दिया जाना चाहिए।
7. पुनरावृत्ति या अनावश्यक विस्तार से बचना चाहिए।

उदाहरण
1. ‘दूर के ढोल सुहावने होते हैं।’ (Imp.)
उत्तर–
दूर के ढोल सुहावने होते हैं’ इस कहावत का आशय है कि कोई भी चीज दूर से जरा ज्यादा आकर्षक लगती है, क्योंकि दूर की वस्तु यथार्थ से दूर होती है, इसलिए कर्कश नहीं होती। बूढ़ों को अतीत और तरुणों को भविष्य अच्छे लगते हैं वर्तमान से सभी घबराते हैं यहाँ भी वही प्रवृत्ति काम करती है। वर्तमान यथार्थ होता है, कर्कश होता है। अतीत और अनागत दूर के ढोल की तरह सुहावने लगते हैं। पास बजने वाला ढोल सुहावना नहीं कर्कश लगता है।

2. ‘न दोषों का अन्त है न सुधारों का।’ (म. प्र. 2013)
उत्तर–
‘गुण – दोषमय विश्व कीन्ह करतार’ संसार गुण दोषमय है। सुधार सामाजिक जीवन की निरन्तर आवश्यकता है। ऐसा कोई युग नहीं रहा जिसमें समाज सुधार न किया गया हो। मान्यताएँ बदलती हैं परिस्थितियाँ बदलती हैं। अतः कोई व्यवस्था अनन्त काल तक स्वीकृत नहीं हो सकती। प्रत्येक कदम जहाँ कुछ अच्छाई रखता है वहीं उसमें कुछ बुराई भी होती है। बुराई को दूर करने फिर नया कदम उठाना पड़ता है इस तरह बदलते समय के साथ सुधारों का सिलसिला जारी रहता है।

3. ‘धर्म के मूल में पार्थक्य नहीं, एकता का द्योतक है।’
उत्तर–
प्रस्तुत पंक्ति में धर्म का वास्तविक रहस्य स्पष्ट किया गया है। चाहे किसी भी धर्म का मानने वाला हो उसकी मूलभूत अवधारणाएँ लगभग समान होती हैं। विश्व के किसी भी धर्म में पृथकता की भावना नहीं है। प्रत्येक धर्म प्राणीमात्र के साथ मैत्री भाव रखने का संदेश देता है। धर्म की साधना पद्धति या कर्मकांड पृथक हो सकते हैं किन्तु मानव मात्र का कल्याण, भाई चारा उसके चरम लक्ष्य होते हैं। इसलिए धर्म एकता का परिचायक है।

4. “स्वाधीनता विकास की पहली शर्त है।” (म. प्र. 2006, 13)
उत्तर–
‘स्व + अधीनता’ अर्थात् अपने अधीन रहना। यद्यपि इसका अर्थ स्वतंत्रता के लिए लिया जाता है। बंधन मुक्त रहने का अपना सुख है। बिना स्वंत्रतता के जीवन निरर्थक है। तोते को सोने के पिंजरे में पाल लीजिए लेकिन उसे सुख नहीं मिलेगा। स्वाधीनता में ही व्यक्ति का भी विकास सन्निहित होता है। जीवन के प्रत्येक क्षेत्र में तरक्की तभी संभव है जब हम स्वाधीन एवं स्वतंत्र रहें।

5. “बचपन में पड़े हुए शुभ – अशुभ संस्कार बहुत जड़े जमाते हैं।” (म. प्र. 2006)
उत्तर–
व्यक्ति माता – पिता के संरक्षण में अपना बचपन व्यतीत करता है। उसकी स्थिति कुम्हार के कच्चे घड़े के समान होती है। उसको आकार – प्रकार, रंग – रूप कुम्हार प्रदान करता है, ठीक उसी प्रकार अबोध मन को संस्कारित करने का गुरुतर कार्य माता – पिता का होता है। बचपन में पड़े हुए संस्कार ही हमारे जीवन की दिशा निर्धारित करते हैं। शुभ संस्कार से व्यक्ति ऊँचाइयों को स्पर्श कर पाता है और अशुभ संस्कार उसे गर्त की ओर ले जाते हैं।

6. कार्य को पूजा की भावना से करो। (म. प्र. 2010,11)
उत्तर–
हम जो भी कार्य करें वह केवल औपचारिकता को पूर्ण करने के लिए नहीं, बल्कि उस कार्य में एक आत्मिक संतुष्टि का अनुभव हो किया गया कार्य पूर्ण रूप से तह दिल से किया गया है और जब ऐसा कार्य किया जाये तो वह किसी को दिखाने के लिए बल्कि आत्मिक शांति के लिए तब वह किया गया कार्य किसी पूजा से कम नहीं होता, इसके लिए कार्य के प्रति समर्पण भाव होना अनिवार्य है।

7. स्वतंत्रता से अभिप्राय स्वरूप की स्वतंत्र सत्ता से है। (म. प्र. 2010)
उत्तर–
स्वतंत्रता से अभिप्राय स्वरूप की स्वतंत्र सत्ता से इसलिए है क्योंकि हम इसका प्रयोग स्वतंत्र रूप से बंधन मुक्त होकर कर सकें किंतु स्वेच्छाचारिता या स्वच्छंदतावादी विचारधारा हो क्योंकि इसके प्रभाव से मनुष्य उच्छृखल प्रवृति का हो सकता है। हम वस्तु स्थिति को समझें, साथ ही अपनी सत्ता को पहचानें।

8. कर्ता से बढ़कर कर्म का स्मारक दूसरा नहीं। (म. प्र. 2010)
उत्तर–
किसी कार्य का सबसे बड़ा स्मारक उस कर्म को करने वाला अर्थात कर्ता होता है। जब हम किसी कर्म की प्रशंसा करते हैं तो हमारी दृष्टि उस कार्यकर्ता की ओर जाती है। कर्म को कर्ता से पृथक करके नहीं देखा जा सकता ! जब हमें उसी प्रकार के कार्य करने का सुअवसर प्राप्त होता है तो मार्गदर्शन के लिए कर्ता की ओर ध्यान चला जाता है। वह कर्ता हमारा आदर्श बन जाता है कर्मों द्वारा ही समाज में कर्ता की स्थिति सुदृढ़ और आकर्षक बनती है। भारतीय संस्कृति का पताका विदेशों में फैलाने की चर्चा होती है तो स्वतः ही हमारा ध्यान स्वामी विवेकानंद की ओर आकर्षित हो जाता है। अत: कर्म का स्मारक कर्ता के अतिरिक्त कोई दूसरा नहीं हो सकता है।

9. ‘तुम देखते हो कि जीवन सौंदर्य है, हम जागते रहते हैं और देखते रहते हैं कि जीवन कर्त्तव्य है।’ (Imp.)
उत्तर–
माधव अपने मित्र शेखर से कहता है कि एक कवि और राजनीतिज्ञ में बहुत अंतर होता है। कवि जीवन में सौंदर्य देखता है। वह कल्पना की दुनिया में खोया रहता है। यहाँ तक कि वह अपने आप को भी भूल जाता है जबकि राजनीतिज्ञ सदैव जागता रहता है। वह एक पल के लिए भी वास्तविक दुनिया से अलग नहीं होता है। एक राजपुरुष के लिए कर्त्तव्य ही उसकी दुनिया है।

8. मुहावरे एवं लोकोक्ति

मुहावरे का अर्थ – मुहावरा एक ऐसा वाक्यांश होता है जिसका सामान्य से हटकर विलक्षण अर्थ होता है। जैसे – वह लड़का नहीं शेर है शेर। इस कथन में शेर शब्द किसी वन्य पशु के लिए न होकर शेर के गुणों (साहसी) को प्रकट करने वाला है।

लोकोक्ति का अर्थ – इसका अर्थ होता है लोक में प्रचलित उक्ति। लोकोक्ति केवल वाक्यांश के रूप में नहीं होती, वह तो पूरा वाक्य होती है। किसी कथन का उदाहरण बात की पुष्टि होती है, जो इसमें दिया जाता है। वह अपने आप में पूर्ण होती है। (म. प्र. 2012)

प्रश्न 1.
मुहावरा व लोकोक्ति में अंतर स्पष्ट कीजिए। (Imp.)
उत्तर–
मुहावरा एवं लोकोक्ति में अंतर निम्नलिखित हैं-

प्रश्न 2.
लोक प्रचलित उक्ति को लोकोक्ति कहते हैं यह कथन सत्य है या असत्य।
उत्तर–
सत्य। (म. प्र. 2011)
कुछ महत्वपूर्ण मुहावरों का अर्थ तथा प्रयोग

1. अपना उल्लू सीधा करना – अपना स्वार्थ सिद्ध करना। (म. प्र. 2011)
प्रयोग – जो मनुष्य स्वार्थी होता है वह अपना उल्लू सीधा करता है।

2. अक्ल पर पत्थर पड़ना – अज्ञानता से काम करना। (म. प्र. 2009)
प्रयोग – उस समय न जाने क्यों मेरी अक्ल पर पत्थर पड़ गये थे, जब मैंने अपने बड़े भाई को कटु शब्द कहे थे।

3. आँख का काँटा होना – अत्यधिक खटकना।
प्रयोग – चुनाव के समय विपक्षी दल के सदस्य एक – दूसरे की आँख के काँटा होते हैं।

4. आँखों का तारा – अत्यधिक प्रिय होना। (म. प्र. 2011, 15)
प्रयोग – माँ को अपने सभी बच्चे प्रिय होते हैं परन्तु मोहन सबसे छोटा होने के कारण वह अपनी माँ की आँखों का तारा है।

5. आँच न आने देना – सम्भावित हानि का स्पर्श भी न होने देना।
प्रयोग – रक्षाबन्धन का त्यौहार भाइयों के समक्ष बहनों के अस्तित्व पर आँच न आने देने का प्रतीक है।

6. आग लगाना – भड़काना।
प्रयोग – परदेशी ने अशोक का नाम लेकर शिशुपाल के हृदय में आग लगा दी।

7. आकाश से बातें करना – बढ़ – चढ़कर बोलना।
प्रयोग नगर निगम का सदस्य बनते ही वह आसमान से बातें करने लगा।

8. आटे दाल का भाव मालूम होना – सच्चाई का ज्ञान।
प्रयोग – कार्यक्षेत्र का पूर्ण अनुभव होने पर ही आटे दाल का भाव मालूम होता है।

9. ईद का चाँद होना – कठिनता से दिखाई देना। (म. प्र. 2010, 15)
प्रयोग – रमेश ने जब दो महीने के बाद अपने मित्र को सामने से आते हुए देखा तो कहा कि आजकल तुम तो ईद के चाँद हो गये हो।

10. काया पलट होना – पूर्ण रूप से बदल जाना। (म. प्र. 2011)
प्रयोग – ज्ञानेश के पार्षद बनते ही मुहल्ले की काया पलट गई।

11. गला छुड़ाना – कष्ट से छुटकारा पाना।।
प्रयोग – रमेश पड़ोसियों का झगड़ा शांत करने गया था लेकिन पुलिस स्टेशन जाना पड़ गया, वह बहुत मुश्किल से गला छुड़ाकर भागा।

12. गड़े मुर्दे उखाड़ना – पुरानी बातें याद करना। (Imp.)
प्रयोग – विद्वान व्यक्ति गड़े मुर्दे उखाड़ने की अपेक्षा वर्तमान में जीना पसंद करते हैं।

13. गाल बजाना – व्यर्थ की बात करना। (म. प्र. 2013)
प्रयोग – सुरेन्द्र की बातों पर विश्वास मत करना, उसकी तो गाल बजाने की आदत पड़ गयी है।

14. टेढ़ी खीर – कठिन कार्य। (म. प्र. 2013)
प्रयोग – हिमालय की चढ़ाई करना टेढ़ी खीर है।

15. तिनके को पहाड़ करना – छोटी बात बड़ी बनाना। (म. प्र. 2013)
प्रयोग – आम लोगों में तो तिनके को पहाड़ करना कोई असम्भव बात नहीं है।

16. नोन, तेल, लकड़ी के फेर में पड़ना – आजीविका कमाने के चक्कर में रहना। (Imp.)
प्रयोग–नोन, तेल, लकड़ी के चक्कर में पड़ने के बाद मनुष्य को किसी वस्तु की सुध नहीं रहती।

17. नेत्र लाल होना – क्रोधित होना।
प्रयोग – लक्ष्मण की बातों को सुनकर परशुरामजी के नेत्र लाल हो गये।

18. नौ दो ग्यारह होना – भाग जाना।
प्रयोग – पुलिस को देखकर चोर नौ दो ग्यारह हो गये।

19. पहाड़ खड़ा होना बहुत बड़ी कठिनाई आना।
प्रयोग – तुर्की में भूकंप के कारण विपत्तियों का पहाड़ खड़ा हो गया।

20. पिंड न छोड़ना – पीछा न छोड़ना।
प्रयोग – नशे की आदत एक बार लग जाने से वह पिंड नहीं छोड़ती है।

21. फूला न समाना – अत्यधिक खुश होना।
प्रयोग – प्रथम श्रेणी में पास होने पर राधा फूली न समायी।

22. बंदर के हाथ में मोतियों की माला – अयोग्य व्यक्ति के हाथ में श्रेष्ठ वस्तु।
प्रयोग – मुरारी लाल के हाथ में सरपंच का पद बंदर के हाथ में मोतियों की माला की तरह है।

23. आकाश के तारे तोड़ना – असंभव कार्य करना।
प्रयोग – निशांत का बोर्ड परीक्षा में अव्वल आना आकाश के तारे तोड़ने के समान है।

24. कमर कसना – तैयार रहना। (म. प्र. 2010)
प्रयोग – कारगिल युद्ध के लिए भारतीय सैनिकों ने कमर कस लिया था।

25. बाल बाँका न होना – कुछ भी हानि न होना।
ईश्वर जिसकी सहायता करता है, उसका कोई बाल बाँका नहीं कर सकता।

26. मिट्टी में मिला देना – नष्ट करना।
प्रयोग – मोहन को परीक्षा में नकल करते हुए जब अध्यापक ने पकड़ लिया तो उसकी सारी इज्जत मिट्टी में मिल गयी।

27. मिट्टी में मिलना – समाप्त होना।
प्रयोग – भारत में हुए घोटालों ने यहाँ की प्रतिष्ठा मिट्टी में मिला दी।

28. लहू सूखना – भयभीत होना।
प्रयोग – पुलिस को देखते ही चोर का लहू सूख गया।

29. हाथ के तोते उड़ना – घबरा जाना।
प्रयोग–अपराधी का जब पता नहीं लग रहा था तब शिशुपाल के हाथ से तोते उड़ने लगे।

30. ईंट से ईंट बजाना – टकराना। (म. प्र. 2009)
प्रयोग – चुनाव में ईंट से ईंट बज जाया करती है।

31. आँखों में धूल झोंकना – धोखा देना। (म. प्र. 2009)
प्रयोग – चोर आँखों में धूल झोंककर बैग लेकर फरार हो गया।

32. कब्र में पाँव लटकाना – मृत्यु करीब होना। (म. प्र. 2009)
प्रयोग – बुजुर्गों के पैर कब्र में लटके होते हैं।

33. कफन सिर से बाँधना – मरने के लिए तैयार रहना। (म. प्र. 2010)
प्रयोग – अभिमन्यु जब चक्र भेदन करने गया तब उसने कफन सिर से बाँधना शुरू किया।

34. उँगली उठाना – आलोचना करना। (म. प्र. 2015)
प्रयोग – मोहन की उन्नति देखकर उसके मित्रों ने उँगली उठाना शुरू कर दिया।

कुछ महत्त्वपूर्ण लोकोक्तियों के अर्थ एवं प्रयोग
1. आँख के अन्धे नाम नैनसुख – नाम और गुणों में अंतर।
प्रयोग—नाम तो करोड़ीमल, लेकिन पास में एक पैसा नहीं अर्थात् आँखों का अंधा और नाम नैनसुख।

2. अकल बड़ी या भैंस शारीरिक शक्ति से मानसिक शक्ति बड़ी होती है।
प्रयोग – उस आदमी ने बुद्धि के बल से एक पहलवान को पटक दिया वास्तव में अकल बड़ी कि भैंस।

3. आम के आम गुठलियों के दाम दोनों तरफ से लाभ होना। (Imp.)
प्रयोग रमेश को सरकारी नौकरी के साथ ही अमेरिका जाने का निमंत्रण भी मिला इसी को कहते हैं आम के आम गुठलियों के दाम।

4. ऊँची दुकान फीका पकवान—दुकान तो बड़ी प्रसिद्ध परन्तु माल घटिया।
प्रयोग नगर के सबसे धनाढ्य सेठ की दुकान में घटिया मिष्ठान देखकर वह बोला, ऊँची दुकान फीका पकवान।

5. ऊँट के मुँह में जीरा—आवश्यकता से कम देना।
प्रयोग—एक व्यक्ति की खुराक दस रोटी है, लेकिन जब वह खाने बैठा तो केवल दो रोटी ही दी, जो ऊँट के मुँह में जीरे के समान है।

6. थोथा चना बाजे घना गुणहीन आडम्बर अधिक करता है।
प्रयोग—पंडित जी बहुत बढ़ – चढ़ कर बातें कर रहे थे जब धर्म और दर्शन पर चर्चा हुई तो वे चुप्पी साध गये, इसे कहते हैं थोथा चना बाजे घना।

7. मान न मान मैं तेरा मेहमान – जबरदस्ती किसी के गले पड़ना।
प्रयोग – एक अपरिचित व्यक्ति रात के समय घर आकर बोला मैं यहाँ ठहरूँगा, इसी को कहते हैं कि मान न मान मैं तेरा मेहमान।

8. सिर मुड़ाते ही ओले पड़े – काम शुरू करते ही विघ्न पड़ना।
प्रयोग इसी साल खेती शुरू की और सूखा पड़ गया इसी को कहते हैं कि सिर मुड़ाते ही ओले पड़े।

9. व्याकरण, भाषा – बोध पर वस्तुनिष्ठ प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नांकित उपसर्ग मिश्रित शब्दों की जोड़ियाँ बनाइए
अभि, उप, कम, नि, कु, कुकर्म, उपलक्ष्य, कमजोर, अभिमान, निकम्मा।
उत्तर–

प्रश्न 2.
थकावट, चटनी, बचाव, खटिया से प्रत्यय छाँटिए
उत्तर–

प्रश्न 3.
‘परमार्थ में कौन – सी संधि है?
उत्तर–
दीर्घ स्वर संधि।

प्रश्न 4.
‘सज्जन’ में कौन – सी संधि है?
उत्तर–
व्यंजन संधि।

प्रश्न 5.
‘दुष्कर में कौन – सी संधि है?
उत्तर–
विसर्ग संधि।

प्रश्न 6.
सही जोड़ियाँ बनाइए

उत्तर–

प्रश्न 7.
‘लक्ष – लक्ष्य का अन्तर स्पष्ट कीजिए।
उत्तर–
लक्ष – लाख।
लक्ष्य – उद्देश्य।

प्रश्न 8.
‘अवधि – अवधी’ का अन्तर स्पष्ट कीजिए।
उत्तर–
अवधि – निश्चित समय।
अवधी – एक बोली

प्रश्न 9.
निरक्षर, निर्लज्ज का विलोम लिखिए।
उत्तर–
निरक्षर – साक्षर।
निर्लज्ज – सलज्ज।

प्रश्न 10.
पेड़, हवा के दो – दो पर्यायवाची लिखिए।
उत्तर–
पेड़ – वृक्ष, तरु।
हवा – वायु, समीर।

प्रश्न 11.
‘आग लगाना’ मुहावरे का अर्थ स्पष्ट करें।
उत्तर–
भड़काना।

प्रश्न 12.
‘आँख का तारा’ मुहावरे का अर्थ स्पष्ट करें।
उत्तर–
अत्यधिक प्रिय।

प्रश्न 13.
‘आँख के अन्धे नाम नयन सुख’ का क्या अर्थ होता है?
उत्तर–
नाम एवं गुण में अंतर।

प्रश्न 14.
‘थोथा चना बाजे घना’ का क्या अर्थ होता है?
उत्तर–
गुणहीन अधिक आडम्बर करता है।

प्रश्न 15.
भाव पल्लवन में क्या किया जाता है?
उत्तर–
किसी भी भाव का विस्तार।

प्रश्न 16.
संधि विच्छेद कर संधि का नाम लिखिए (म. प्र. 2009)
(i) निश्चल – निः + छल = विसर्ग संधि
(ii) गायक – गै + अक = अयादि स्वर संधि
(iii) दिग्गज – दिक् + गज = व्यंजन संधि
(iv) इत्यादि – इति + आदि = यण स्वर संधि।

प्रश्न 17.
कौन – से समास में दोनों पद प्रधान होते हैं? (म. प्र. 2009)
उत्तर–
द्वन्द्व समास।

प्रश्न 18.
‘मेघ’ पानी बरसते हैं। वाक्य शुद्ध अथवा अशुद्ध? (म. प्र. 2009)
उत्तर–
अशुद्ध।

प्रश्न 19.
(अ) जिसका कोई शत्रु न हो’ उसके लिए एक शब्द है (म. प्र. 2009, 15)
(ब) कविता रचने वाला। (म. प्र. 2015)
(स) कलाओं का सृजन करने वाला। (म. प्र. 2015)
(द) अभिमान करने वाला। (म. प्र. 2015)
उत्तर–
(अ) अजातशत्रु, (ब) कवि, रचयिता, (स) कलाकार, (द) अभिमानी।

प्रश्न 20.
“आपने भोजन कर लिया है।” वाक्य प्रश्न वाचक वाक्य की श्रेणी में आता है। यह वाक्य शुद्ध है या अशुद्ध। (म. प्र. 2011)
उत्तर–
अशुद्ध।

प्रश्न 21.
निम्नलिखित वाक्यों को शुद्ध कीजिए (म. प्र. 2015)
(i) सीता और राम आता है। शुद्ध वाक्य – सीता और राम आते हैं।
(ii) अपन जल्दी चलें। शुद्ध वाक्य – हम जल्दी चलें।
(iii) गुप्त रहस्य की बात है। शुद्ध वाक्य – रहस्य की बात है।

प्रश्न 22.
विधि वाचक एवं प्रश्न वाचक वाक्य के एक – एक उदाहरण लिखिए। (म. प्र. 2015)
उत्तर–
विधि वाचक वाक्य – अशोक राजनगर में रहता है।
प्रश्न वाचक वाक्य – क्या तुम आज ही वापिस जाओगे?

MP Board Class 11th General Hindi Important Questions

MP Board Class 11th Samanya Hindi निबंध लेखन Important Questions

1. समाचार-पत्र (Imp.)
या
समाचार-पत्रों का महत्व
(म. प्र. 1997, 12, 13, 15)

सुबह बिस्तर छोड़ते ही आज का नागरिक एक कप चाय और समाचार-पत्र की माँग करता है। वह चाय की चुस्की लेकर शारीरिक स्फूर्ति का अनुभव करता है तथा समाचार-पत्रों के पृष्ठों पर आँखें दौड़ाकर देश-काल की घटनाओं, विचारों से वाकिफ होकर मानसिक रूप से वह अपने आपको तरोताजा अनुभव करता है। इस तरह समाचार-पत्र आज की दुनिया में एक निहायत जरूरी चीज बन गया है। .. समाचार-पत्र में अंग्रेजी न्यूज (NEWS) के N,E,W,S-N for North, E for East, W for West, S for South ये चार अक्षर जुड़े हैं जो क्रमशः उत्तर, पूर्व, पश्चिम तथा दक्षिण के प्रतीक हैं, अर्थात् समाचार-पत्र वह है जिसमें चारों दिशाओं के समाचार होते हैं।

समाचार-पत्र का जन्म इटली के वेनिस नगर में 13वीं शताब्दी में हुआ। इससे पूर्व लोगों में समाचार-पत्र की परिकल्पना भी नहीं थी। 17वीं सदी में धीरे-धीरे अपनी उपयोगिता के कारण समाचार-पत्र इंग्लैण्ड पहुँचा, फिर धीरे-धीरे सारे संसार में फैला।

भारत में सर्वप्रथम कलकत्ता (कोलकाता) में इसका जन्म और विकास हुआ! 19 जनवरी 178) को ‘बंगाल गजट’ का कैलकटा जनरल एडवरटाइजर’ के प्रकाशन के साथ ही भारतीय पत्रकारिता का जन्म हुआ। 1857 से पूर्व ‘उदन्त मार्तण्ड’, ‘बंगदूत’, ‘प्रजामित्र’ आदि हिन्दी समाचार-पत्रों का प्रकाशन हो चुका था। धीरे धीरे वैज्ञानिक आविष्कार बढ़ते गये, मुद्रण यन्त्रों के विकास के साथ ही समाचार-पत्रों का विकास होता गया।

समाचार-पत्रों के महत्त्व का बखान जितना किया जाये उतना कम होगा। आधुनिक युग की प्रभावपूर्ण उपलब्धियों में समाचार-पत्र एक है। सामाजिक चेतना एवं समाज के उन्नयन में समाचार-पत्रों की भूमिका उल्लेखनीय है। सांस्कृतिक चेतना जगाने, छात्रों के सामान्य ज्ञान को बढ़ाने में भी समाचार-पत्र उल्लेखनीय भूमिका अदा करते हैं।

राजनीतिज्ञों के लिए, राजनीतिक प्रौढ़ता बढ़ाने के लिए एवं लोगों में साहित्यिक चेतना जगाने की दृष्टि से भी समाचार-पत्र महत्त्वपूर्ण हैं। व्यापारियों के लिए तो यह आवश्यक चीज बन गया है। यह युग विज्ञापन का युग है, प्रचार का युग है और समाचार-पत्र प्रचार का सरल एवं सस्ता माध्यम है।

वैयक्तिक दृष्टि से भी विज्ञापनों का कम महत्त्व नहीं है। नौकरी का विज्ञापन, वर-वधु विज्ञापन, शुभकामनाएँ, आभार प्रदर्शन, निमन्त्रण आदि का काम समाचार-पत्र करता है।

समाचार-पत्र तो प्रजातन्त्र की रीढ़ कहे जाते हैं। जनमत बनाने का काम यही करते हैं। वैचारिक स्वतन्त्रता को प्रश्रय समाचार-पत्र ही देते हैं। इस तरह समाचार-पत्र आज के संसार में अत्यन्त महत्त्वपूर्ण स्थान बना चुके

अच्छे समाचार-पत्रों के गुण-अच्छे समाचार-पत्र निष्पक्ष रहते हैं तथा स्वस्थ पत्रकारिता पर आधारित होते हैं। वे जनता एवं सरकार को सही दिशा और सलाह देते हैं। वे किसी के हाथ बिके नहीं होते। वे समाज हित और राष्ट्र हित को ध्यान में रखकर ही समाचार छापते हैं। वे पीत पत्रकारिता से बचते हैं। वे चरित्रहनन वाली पत्रकारिता से बचते हैं।

उपसंहार-समाचार-पत्र मात्र घटनाओं का विवरण नहीं है, समीक्षण और चिन्तन भी है। वे लोकमत को प्रभावित करते हैं। अतएव समाचार-पत्रों को हमेशा लोकहित की भावना से काम करना चाहिये। विश्वसनीय समाचार देने चाहिये तथा उत्तेजक समाचार से बचना चाहिये। समाचार-पत्रों को सदैव देश-हित एवं लोक-हित की भावना से काम करना चाहिये।

2. राष्ट्र निर्माण में छात्रों का योगदान
(म. प्र. 2011, 15)

रूपरेखा-

1. भूमिका,
2. आधुनिक भारत में नव-निर्माण की विभिन्न दशाएँ और उनमें विद्यार्थियों का योग,
3. उनका विवेकपूर्ण सहयोग,
4. सहयोग से लाभ,
5. उपसंहार।

सैकड़ों वर्षों की परतन्त्रता के बाद हमारा देश स्वतन्त्र हुआ। पराधीनता की स्थिति में भारतवासियों को स्वेच्छापूर्वक अपनी उन्नति करने का अवसर प्राप्त नहीं था। विदेशी सरकार के दबाव के कारण भारतीय अपनी योजना के अनुसार कार्य नहीं कर पाते थे। देश में प्रत्यक्ष तथा अप्रत्यक्ष रूप में सरकार का दबाव अवश्य बना रहता था। उस समय विद्यार्थियों का योग केवल उत्कृष्ट अधिकारी बनकर शासन को दृढ़ बनाये रखना था। आज की बदलती हुई परिस्थितियों में किसी भी देश का भविष्य उस देश के विद्यार्थियों के ऊपर निर्भर है। विद्यार्थी वर्ग ही एक ऐसा वर्ग है जो हर क्षेत्र में पहुँच सकता है। भारत का नव-निर्माण विद्यार्थियों के उचित और पूर्ण सहयोग के बिना सफलतापूर्वक पूर्ण नहीं हो सकता। इस देश के नव-निर्माण में विद्यार्थियों का योगदान आवश्यक है।

मानव अपनी आवश्यक सुविधाएँ प्राप्त करने के लिए उसी की खोज में लगा रहता है। वर्तमान समय वैज्ञानिक तथा पूँजीवादी युग के नाम से जाना जाता है। भारत में वैज्ञानिक तथा आर्थिक उन्नति अत्यन्त आवश्यक है। भारत में प्राकृतिक साधन तो प्रचुर मात्रा में उपलब्ध हैं, पर वैज्ञानिक दोनों ही क्षेत्रों में पिछड़े हुए हैं। स्वतन्त्रता प्राप्ति के बाद देश में नव-निर्माण का कार्य आरम्भ हो गया है। पर इसकी अन्तिम सफलता विद्यार्थी वर्ग पर निर्भर करती है, विद्यार्थी को पूरी लगन व श्रद्धा के साथ देश के नव-निर्माण का कार्य करना होगा, तभी देश उन्नति की ओर अग्रसर होगा। वर्तमान समय में कारखानों का निर्माण हो रहा है। विद्युत् शक्ति का उत्पादन हो रहा है। कृषि, व्यवसाय, यातायात तथा वैज्ञानिक अनुसन्धान स्थापित करने के लिए अनेक योजनाएँ बनायी जा रही हैं, पर इन सबके बाद इसकी अन्तिम सफलता विद्यार्थी वर्ग पर ही निर्भर है।

सामाजिक तथा धार्मिक क्षेत्र में भी परिवर्तन के लिए प्रयास किये जा रहे हैं। समाज में कुछ दुर्गुण हैं। उन्हें दूर करना अत्यन्त आवश्यक है, जिससे समाज के ढाँचे को बिगड़ने से बचाया जा सके। कोई भी सुधार अन्धानुकरण के आधार पर नहीं होना चाहिए। सुधारों के भावी परिणामों को दृष्टि में रखकर बढ़ना आवश्यक है। भारतीय धर्म तथा संस्कृति की मूल विशेषताओं को ध्यान में रखकर उपयोगी सुधार होना चाहिए। इन सभी का अन्तिम परिणाम तो विद्यार्थी वर्ग को पूर्णतया भोगना पड़ेगा। अत: उन्हें बुद्धि से कार्य करना चाहिए। विद्यार्थी वर्ग ही सामाजिक तथा धार्मिक क्षेत्र में क्रान्ति ला सकते हैं।

संसार की राजनैतिक मान्यताएँ बदल रही हैं। प्रजातान्त्रिक भावना का विकास हो रहा है। व्यक्तिवादी दृष्टिकोण बदलता जा रहा है। एक पक्ष साम्यवादी विचारधारा का है, जिसमें व्यक्ति नहीं राष्ट्र सर्वोपरि है। सारा विश्व इन्हीं विचारधाराओं से प्रभावित है। आज सबसे बड़ी समस्या यह है कि आज का विद्यार्थी और कल का नागरिक अपने देश की परिस्थितियों के अनुकूल राजनैतिक विचारों को अपनाये। उसका दृष्टिकोण समन्वयवादी होना चाहिए, जिसमें किसी विचारधारा का बहिष्कार केवल इसलिए न हो कि वह पुरानी है अथवा किसी विचारधारा को केवल इसलिए न स्वीकार किया जाय कि वह नई है।

संसार की राजनीति इतनी तीव्रता से गतिशील है कि यह निर्णय करना कठिन हो जाता है कि कौन-सी बात सही है, इस उलझन की स्थिति से निकलने के लिए विवेकपूर्ण निर्णय की आवश्यकता है। आज विद्यार्थी पर बड़ा उत्तरदायित्व है कि वह अपने विवेक से सही व गलत का निर्णय करे और देश के सर्वांगीण विकास के लिए प्रयत्नशील हो। भारत एक ऐसा देश है जहाँ जनसंख्या का बड़ा भाग गाँव में रहता है। गाँव के विकास के बिना भारत के विकास की कल्पना भी नहीं की जा सकती। आज के नवयुवक पर सबसे बड़ा उत्तरदायित्व गाँवों के विकास का है।

इसके लिए उन्हें शहर के विलासितापूर्ण जीवन को छोड़कर ग्रामीण अंचल में जाना होगा, उनको आधुनिक विचारधारा एवं सहकारिता की भावना का प्रचार करना होगा। हमारे गाँवों को अन्धविश्वास और अवैज्ञानिक दृष्टिकोण से मुक्त करना होगा। उन्हें प्रगतिशील बनाना होगा।

आज के विद्यार्थियों की पीढ़ी के हाथों में कल के देश की बागडोर आने वाली है, उन्हीं में से राजनीतिक नेता होंगे, अधिकारी होंगे, उद्योगपति होंगे और किसान, मजदूर भी होंगे। देश उनसे यह अपेक्षा करता है कि जीवन के प्रत्येक क्षेत्र में वे नये उत्साह और नई विचारधारा के साथ प्रवेश करेंगे। देश को नई दिशा प्रदान करेंगे। सरकार ने देश के नवनिर्माण के लिए अनेक योजनाएँ बनाई हैं, उन कागजी योजनाओं का मूल्य नहीं यदि उनको पूरा जन-सहयोग न मिले। गाँवों की पिछड़ी जनता से अधिक आशाएँ नहीं की जा सकती। इन योजनाओं की सफलता के लिए देश की निगाहें विद्यार्थियों पर टिक जाती हैं। विद्यार्थी वर्ग यदि विद्यार्जन के साथ-ही-साथ देश की प्रगति की दिशा में नहीं सोचता तो यह उसका अनुत्तरदायित्वपूर्ण कार्य ही कहा जायेगा।

3. साहित्य और समाज (साहित्य का महत्व)
(म. प्र. 2009, 15)

“अन्धकार है, वहाँ जहाँ आदित्य नहीं है।
मुर्दा है वह देश, जहाँ साहित्य नहीं है।”

वस्तुत: साहित्य राष्ट्र की, समाज की जीवनशक्ति की पहचान होता है। साहित्य के बिना राष्ट्र और समाज अज्ञानता के अन्धकार में मुर्दा बनकर जीवित रहते हैं।

साहित्य क्या है? इस पर विचार करें तो ज्ञात होता है कि साहित्य रमणीय शब्द-अर्थों से गुम्फित ‘भावों की माला’ है, जिसमें सत्यम्, शिवम् और सुन्दरम् तीनों का समन्वय होता है। आचार्य जगन्नाथ ने साहित्य को परिभाषित करते हुए लिखा है— रमणीयार्थ प्रतिपादकः शब्दः काव्यम्’, अर्थात् रमणीय अर्थ के प्रतिपादक शब्द एवं अर्थों के साहित्य को ‘साहित्य’ कहते हैं।

आचार्य महावीर प्रसाद द्विवेदी के अनुसार साहित्य समाज का दर्पण है। समाज का सृजन करता है। इस प्रकार साहित्य समाज की विभिन्न प्रवृत्तियों की विवेचना करता है। उन्हें सुरक्षित रखता है। समाज से परे साहित्य और साहित्यकार का अस्तित्व नहीं होता। अतः समाज और साहित्य एक दूसरे के पूरक हैं।

“ज्ञान राशि के संचित कोष का नाम साहित्य है।” अर्थात् साहित्य में ज्ञान-विज्ञान संचित रहता है। इसका सेवन कर मनुष्य महान् बनता है। भर्तृहरि के अनुसार—“यदि मनुष्य साहित्य, संगीत और कला से रहित हो तो वह बिना पूंछ और सींग के पशु है। ”

समाज की घटनाओं के आधार पर साहित्य का निर्माण होता है-साहित्यकार कल्पना का मिश्रण कर समाज का मार्ग-दर्शन करता है। शिवि, दधीचि, हरिशचन्द्र, रूसो, गाँधी के जीवन से संबंधित घटनाएँ ऐसा ही आदर्श समाज के समक्ष प्रस्तुत करती हैं। उससे समाज के मस्तिष्क में चिन्तन की दिशा में मोड़ उत्पन्न हो जाता है। समाज की त्रुटियों का निराकरण होता है। समाज के दुर्गुण नष्ट हो जाते हैं। सद्गुणों का विकास होता है। इस प्रकार साहित्य समाज सुधार का साधन बनता है।

साहित्य और समाज में बड़ा घनिष्ठ सम्बन्ध है- साहित्य समाज का दर्पण कहलाता है और साहित्य की रचना साहित्यकार समाज में रहकर ही करता है। वह समाज में जो कुछ देखता है तथा महसूस करता है, उसी को साहित्य में वाणी देता हैं। किसी समाज के बारे में जानना हो, उसकी सभ्यता व संस्कृति से परिचित होना हो तो आपको उस समाज के साहित्य से परिचित होना होगा, उसके साहित्य रूपी आइने में झांकना होगा।

समाज अपने अनुरूप साहित्य को बदलता है तो साहित्य समाज को बदलने का प्रयास करता है। साहित्य मनुष्य को गतिशीलता प्रदान करता है। वह अंधविश्वासों, रूढ़ियों एवं सड़ी-गली मानसिकता को दूर कर समाज को नयी रोशनी प्रदान करता है। यदि फ्रांस में रूसो का, रूस में मार्क्स का और भारत में गाँधी, तिलक,प्रेमचन्द आदि का साहित्य नहीं होता तो इन देशों में क्रान्तियाँ नहीं हुई होती और सम्भवतः इनका हाल बद्तर होता।

साहित्य और समाज में घना सम्बन्ध है-यह तथ्य सूचित करता है कि साहित्य समाज के लिए तो महत्वपूर्ण है ही व्यक्ति, राष्ट्र सबके लिए महत्वपूर्ण है। साहित्य राष्ट्र की या जाति की पहचान है। वाल्मीकि, कालिदापा, सूर, तुलसी, प्रसाद, निराला आदि की रचनाओं ने विश्व में भारत का सिर ऊँचा किया है तथा उसे एक विशिष्ट पहचान दी है।

साहित्य मस्तिष्क का भोजन है-अपने मस्तिष्क को तरोताजा रखने के लिए साहित्य का अध्ययन बहुत आवश्यक है। माना कि यह विज्ञान का युग है, किन्तु विज्ञान मनुष्य को शक्तिशाली बनाकर बाघ से भी भयंकर बना सकता है किन्तु प्रेम, दया, सेवा, उपकार जैसे मानवीय गुणों का संचार साहित्य ही कर सकता है, जिसके सामने सारी भौतिक समृद्धि तुच्छ है, इसलिए पाश्चात्य विद्वान कार्लाईल ने साहित्य की सर्वोपरि महत्ता को स्वीकार करते हुए लिखा है-“ मैं ब्रिटिश साम्राज्य छोड़ सकता हूँ, पर शेक्सपियर की रचना को नहीं छोड़ सकता।” यह है साहित्य की महत्ता। आज यूनानी साम्राज्य कहाँ है,पर यूनानी महाकवि होमर की वाणी आज भी विद्यमान है। प्लेटो और अरस्तू के साहित्य आज भी लोगों को प्रेरणा दे रहे हैं।

वस्तुतः साहित्य बहुत ही महत्वपूर्ण वस्तु है। अच्छे साहित्य के बिना समाज अधूरा है। अतः समाज को चाहिए कि वह अच्छे साहित्य एवं साहित्यकारों को सम्मान दे, प्रेरित करे। आजकल गन्दे किस्म के साहित्य बहुत पढ़े जाने लगे हैं। जासूसी उपन्यास तथा गन्दे साहित्य समाज के मस्तिष्क को विकृत बना रहे हैं, इनसे सावधान रहना तथा स्वस्थ साहित्य का निर्माण एवं अध्ययन करना हम सबका कर्त्तव्य होना चाहिए।

4. कम्प्यूटर आज की आवश्यकता
(म. प्र. 2009, 13)

प्रस्तावना-विज्ञान के क्षेत्र में कम्प्यूटर अपने प्रभाव की वृद्धि कर रहा है। आज इसकी उपयोगिता भी बढ़ रही है। आज देश के अनेक क्षेत्रों में, जैसे-बैंक, उद्योग, अन्य प्रतिष्ठानों में इसका प्रयोग होने लगा है।

कम्प्यूटर का महत्व-वस्तुतः कम्प्यूटर एक यांत्रिक मस्तिष्क का रूपात्मक योग है। यह एक ऐसा गुणात्मक घनत्व है जो शीघ्र गति से, कम से कम समय में त्रुटिहीन गणना करता है। मनुष्य सदा से गणितीय हल करने में अपने मस्तिष्क का प्रयोग करता रहा है। इस कार्य के लिए सबसे पहले पहले किया जाना वाला यन्त्र ‘अबेकस’ (Abacus).प्रथम साधन था। आज के वैज्ञानिक युग में अनेक प्रकार के गणना यन्त्र बना लिए गये हैं, परन्तु इन सबसे अधिक तीव्र शुद्ध उपयोगी गणना करने वाला यन्त्र कम्प्यूटर है। यह कम्प्यूटर लम्बी गणना करके उसके परिणामों को स्पष्ट कर देता था। कम्प्यूटर स्वयं गणना करके जटिल समस्याओं को मिनटों में हल कर देता है। कम्प्यूटर की गणना के लिए विशेष भाषा को तैयार किया जाता है। निर्देशों और सूचनाओं को कम्प्यूटर का प्रोग्राम कहा जाता है।

कम्प्यूटर का उपयोग-इक्कीसवीं शताब्दी कम्प्यूटर का युग कहलायेगा। आज इसकी उपयोगिता बढ़ गयी है। हजारों मील दूर की सूचनाएँ इससे ज्ञात हो जाती है। भिन्न-भिन्न क्षेत्रों में इसका उपयोग हो रहा है।

1. बैंकिंग के क्षेत्र में भारतीय बैंकों के बड़े कार्यालयों में खातों का हिसाब-किताब रखने के लिए इसका प्रयोग प्रारम्भ हो चुका है। कई राष्ट्रीयकृत बैंकों ने नयी चुम्बकीय संख्याओं वाली नई चेक बुक जारी की है। यूरोप तो कई में घर निजी कम्प्यूटर को अन्य कम्प्यूटर के साथ जोड़कर लेन-देन का कार्य किया जाता है।
2. सूचना व समाचार प्रेषण के क्षेत्र में-कम्प्यूटर नेटवर्क द्वारा देश के बड़े नगरों को एक-दूसरे से जोड़ने का कार्य किया जाता है।
3. प्रकाशन के क्षेत्र में पुस्तकों और समाचार-पत्रों के प्रकाशन में कम्प्यूटर का महत्वपूर्ण योगदान है। अब तो समाचार-पत्रों के सम्पादकीय विभाग में एक ओर कम्प्यूटर के मैटर भर जायेगा। साथ ही इलेक्ट्रॉनिक प्रिन्टर शीघ्र ही मुद्रित सामग्री तैयार कर देंगे।
4. डिजाइनिंग के क्षेत्र में-कम्प्यूटर के माध्यम से भवनों, मोटर, कारों, वायुयानों आदि के डिजाइन तैयार करने में कम्प्यूटर ग्राफिक का प्रयोग किया जा रहा है। वास्तुशिल्पी अपनी डिजाइन कम्प्यूटर के स्क्रीन पर तैयार करते हैं।
5. कला के क्षेत्र में अब कम्प्यूटर कलाकार तथा चित्रकार का सहायक बन गया है। कलाकार कम्प्यूटर के सामने बैठकर अपने नियोजित प्रोग्राम के अनुसार स्क्रीन पर चित्र निर्मित करता है। वास्तविक रंगों के साथ प्रिन्ट छप जाता है।
6. वैज्ञानिक खोज के क्षेत्र में विज्ञान के क्षेत्र में कम्प्यूटर ने एक नई क्रान्ति ला दी है। अन्तरिक्ष के व्यापक चित्र अब कम्प्यूटर द्वारा उतारे जाते हैं। चित्रों का विश्लेषण भी कम्प्यूटर द्वारा ही किया जाता है। आधुनिक वेधशालाओं के लिए कम्प्यूटर की आवश्यकता है। विज्ञान का कोई भी क्षेत्र इससे अलग नहीं है।
7. युद्ध के क्षेत्र में अमेरिका में पहला इलेक्ट्रॉनिक कम्प्यूटर एटम बम से संबंधित गणनाएँ करने के लिए था। जर्मन के गुप्त संदेश जानने के लिए अंग्रेजों ने कोलोसम नामक कम्प्यूटर का प्रयोग किया।

जीवन का हर क्षेत्र कम्प्यूटर की परिधि में आ गया है। वायुयान या रेल यात्रा के आरक्षण की व्यवस्था कम्प्यूटर द्वारा की जाती है। रेलवे तथा बस का टाइम भी आपको कम्प्यूटर ही बतलायेगा। इसके अतिरिक्त चिकित्सा के क्षेत्र में, परीक्षाफल निर्माण में, मौसम सम्बन्धी जानकारी में, चुनाव कार्य में कम्प्यूटर का महत्वपूर्ण योगदान है।

दैनिक जीवन में कम्प्यूटर क्षमताएँ एवं सम्भावनाएँ और बढ़ गई है। छात्रों के लिए प्रिंटिंग के बाद कम्प्यूटर ही सबसे बड़ा आविष्कार है। इससे छात्रों व आध्यापकों का समय बचता है। भारत में भूतपूर्व युवा प्रधानमन्त्री स्व. राजीव गाँधी का कम्प्यूटर के प्रति अत्यधिक रुज्ञान था। भारत ने कम्प्यूटर टेक्नालॉजी प्राप्त करने के लिए अमेरिका की ओर दोस्ताना कदम बढ़ाये है। अब सरकार ने कम्प्यूटर पर कर घटाया है ताकि भारत में भी विदेशी टेक्नालॉजी वाली कम्पनियाँ स्थापित हो सकें। भारत इस प्रकार के अनेक विषयों पर विदेशों से सौदा कर रहा है।

कम्प्यूटर और मानव मस्तिष्क-कम्प्यूटर एक मानव यन्त्र है। इसमें न मानवीय संवेदनाएँ हैं और न रुचियां, परन्तु यह मानव द्वारा निर्देशित ऐसा यन्त्र है जो स्वयं के निर्णय लेने में असमर्थ है। वास्तव में यह मानव मस्तिष्क की रचना है जो कम समय में समस्याओं का हल कर सकता है।

6. उपसंहार-कम्प्यूटर टेक्नालॉजी भारत के आर्थिक जगत में क्रांति ला सकती है। यह प्रयोग समाजवादी आदर्शों के अनुसार किया जाय। अभी तक भारतीय पूँजीवाद तब का प्रत्येक तकनीक का प्रयोग केवल अपने काम के लिए करता रहा है। अत: आज साधारण जन इसे जानना चाहता है। यद्यपि आज का विश्व कम्प्यूटर के युग में साँस ले रहा है। कम्प्यूटर पर आज का विश्व निर्भर है। कम्प्यूटर कम समय में सब समस्याओं को हल कर सकता है। वह दिन दूर नहीं जब कम्प्यूटर सबके हाथ होगा।

5. जीवन में खेलों का महत्व
(म. प्र. 2012, 15)

मानव-जीवन का प्रमुख उद्देश्य व्यक्तित्व का सर्वांगीण विकास करना है। सर्वांगीण विकास का तात्पर्य है कि व्यक्ति शारीरिक, मानसिक, भावात्मक तथा नैतिक दृष्टि से पूरी तरह समर्थ हो। शारीरिक विकास हर मनुष्य की प्रथम आवश्यकता है। कहा भी गया है

“A healthy mind is in a healthy body.”

स्वस्थ शरीर के साथ ही स्वस्थ मनोरंजन भी मनुष्य के लिए आवश्यक है। ‘खेल’ ऐसी क्रिया है जिससे न केवल शरीर का विकास होता है अपितु मनोरंजन भी प्राप्त होता है। यही कारण है कि सभ्यता के आदिकाल से ही, मानव समाज में खेलों का प्रचलन रहा है। आज से पचास हजार वर्ष पूर्व की मानव सभ्यता को दर्शाने वाले भित्ति-चित्र प्राचीन गुफाओं में देखने को मिलते हैं। उन आड़ी-तिरछी रेखाओं से बने चित्रों में भी मनुष्यों को खेल खेलते दिखाया गया है। मनुष्य का प्राचीनतम खेल जानवरों का शिकार करना अथवा मछली मारना था। इससे मनोरंजन के साथ ही भोजन की समस्या भी हल होती थी।

सभ्यता के विकास के साथ शारीरिक क्षमता को परखने के लिए मल्ल-विद्या अर्थात् कुश्ती, तीरंदाजी, घुड़दौड़ आदि खेल प्रारम्भ हुए। प्राचीन रोम के स्टेडियम में एक बड़ा भयंकर खेल खेला जाता था, इसमें मनुष्य को भूखे शेर के पिंजड़े में छोड़ दिया जाता था। भूखे शेर से बचने के लिए वह मनुष्य भागता था, चीखता चिल्लाता था और लोग तालियाँ बजा-बजाकर अपना मनोरंजन करते थे। इसी प्रकार फ्रांस में किसी मनुष्य की वीरता के परीक्षण के लिए उसे, शराब में मदमस्त बैल के साथ, लड़ने छोड़ दिया जाता था। इस खेल को ‘बुल फाइटिंग’कहते थे।

भारत का प्राचीन इतिहास भी बतलाता है कि यहाँ भी महाभारत काल में कुछ ऐसे भी खेल प्रचलित थे जो कमरे के भीतर खेले जाते थे, जैसे–चौपड़, शतरंज, द्यूत-क्रीड़ा आदि। इसमें पासे के आधार पर हार-जीत का निर्णय होता था। कुश्ती, तीरंदाजी, तलवारबाजी तथा कंदूक-क्रीड़ा ऐसे ही प्राचीन भारतीय खेल थे।

आजकल खेलों को दो भागों में बाँटा जाता है-घर के भीतर खेले जाने वाले खेल, जैसे-ताश, कैरम, शतरंज, टेबल-टेनिस, लूडो, बिलियर्ड, आदि। दूसरे प्रकार के वे खेल हैं जो मैदान में खेले जाते हैं, जैसे हॉकी, क्रिकेट, फुटबाल, बेसबाल, बास्केटबाल आदि।

भारतीय खेलों की सबसे बड़ी विशेषता यह है कि इन्हें बिना किसी खर्च के खेला जा सकता है। इन खेलों में कबड्डी, खो-खो आदि प्रसिद्ध हैं। प्रसन्नता की बात है कि कबड्डी व खो-खो को अब अन्तर्राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर भी मान्यता प्राप्त होने लगी है। खेलों के महत्त्व पर अब सभी देशों की सरकारें ध्यान दे रही हैं। अन्तर्राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर प्रति चार वर्षों में ओलम्पिक खेलों का आयोजन होता है। एशिया महाद्वीपीय स्तर पर सर्वप्रथम 4 मार्च, 1951 को दिल्ली के नेशनल स्टेडियम में एशियाड खेलों को प्रारम्भ किया गया। इसमें 491 प्रतियोगियों ने भाग लिया तथा भारत ने सबसे अधिक स्वर्ण पदक प्राप्त किये। इसके बाद मनीला, टोक्यो, बैंकाक, तेहरान आदि में एशियाड खेलों का आयोजन हुआ। सन् 1982 में पुन: दिल्ली में एशियाड का आयोजन किया गया जिसमें चीन ने प्रथम स्थान प्राप्त किया।

आजकल खेलों को शिक्षा का अनिवार्य अंग मान लिया गया है। दूरदर्शन के बढ़ते हुए प्रभाव ने भी खेलों के प्रति बच्चों के रुझान को विकसित किया है। आप कहीं भी निकल जाइये जहाँ भी खुली जगह मिलेगी बालक व किशोर क्रिकेट, फुटबाल, हॉकी आदि खेलते नजर आयेंगे। यह एक शुभ लक्षण है, क्योंकि खेलों से शारीरिक विकास के साथ ही अन्य लाभ भी हैं, जैसे-स्वस्थ मनोरंजन, समय का सदुपयोग व भाई-चारे की भावना में वृद्धि, मिल-जुलकर काम करने की आदत का निर्माण, साहस, वीरता, सहनशीलता आदि नैतिक गुणों का विकास होता है।

खेलों के विकास के लिए भारत शासन ने एक खेल मन्त्रालय ही स्थापित कर दिया है। यह मन्त्रालय क्षेत्रीय, प्रादेशिक एवं राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर खेल प्रतियोगिताओं का आयोजन करता है। उत्तम खिलाड़ियों का चुनाव करके उन्हें प्रशिक्षित करने की व्यवस्था करता है और खेल की उत्तम सामग्री के निर्माण के लिए अनुदान व ऋण प्रदान कर प्रोत्साहित करता है।

मध्य प्रदेश शासन ने भी खेलों के विकास के लिए प्रत्येक संभाग में ‘खेल संगम केन्द्र’ (Sports Complex) स्थापित किये हैं। इन केन्द्रों में प्रतिभाशाली खिलाड़ी छात्रों के लिए छात्रावास बनाये जायेंगे, वहाँ स्कूली शिक्षा के साथ-साथ उन्हें विभिन्न खेलों में प्रशिक्षित किया जायेगा। आशा है शासन को इस दिशा में पर्याप्त जन-सहयोग मिला तो अवश्य ही 21 वीं शताब्दी में हमारा देश विश्व स्तर की किसी भी खेल प्रतियोगिता में प्रथम स्थान प्राप्त करेगा।

6. प्रदूषण की समस्या
(म. प्र. 2010,11, 15)

गंगा मैली हो गयी। आकाश विषैली धूलों और धुओं से भर उठा है। वायुमण्डल विषाक्त हो उठा है। प्रदूषण की समस्या इतनी जटिल हो गयी है कि लोगों का जीना दूभर हो गया है।

यह प्रदूषण क्या है? जिसने लोगों का जीना हराम कर दिया है। प्रदूषण जल, वायु तथा भूमि के भौतिक, रासायनिक और जैविक गुणों में होने वाला कोई भी अवांछनीय परिवर्तन है, जो विकृति को जन्म देता है। प्रदूषण वे सभी पदार्थ या तत्त्व हैं, जो प्रत्यक्ष और परोक्ष रूप से वायुमण्डल, जलमण्डल तथा पृथ्वीमण्डल को दूषित बनाकर, प्राणीमात्र के जीवन एवं संसाधनों पर बुरा प्रभाव डालते हैं।

प्रदूषण की समस्या दिन-प्रतिदिन भयावह बनती जा रही है। शुद्ध जल और शुद्ध हवा का अभाव हो गया है। जिससे प्रतिवर्ष हजारों लोग मौत के मुँह में समाते जा रहे हैं। भोपाल गैसकाण्ड, नागासाकी, हिरोशिमा पर द्वितीय विश्व-युद्ध में गिराये गये बमों के द्वारा जो विनाश-लीला हुई, उसकी याद दिलाता है। कैंसर जैसे असाध्य रोगों का बढ़ता प्रकोप प्रदूषण की समस्या का ही दुष्परिणाम है।

इस समस्या के कारणों पर विचार करने पर ज्ञात होता है कि अणु-परमाणु विस्फोटों से फैलने वाली धूलों से वायुमण्डल और पृथ्वीमण्डल सभी विषाक्त हो रहे हैं जिससे रक्त कैंसर होता है। आज सम्पूर्ण विश्व तेजी से औद्योगिकीकरण की ओर बढ़ रहा है। परिणामस्वरूप पग-पग पर, गाँव-गाँव, नगर-नगर में कल-कारखाने स्थापित होते जा रहे हैं। इन कारखानों से निकलने वाले सड़े-गले पदार्थ एवं गैसें, सभी मिलकर प्रदूषण की समस्या को भयावह बनाते जा रहे हैं। नदी, सरोवर, वायुमण्डल सभी दूषित होते जा रहे हैं। वृक्षों और वनों को काटकर बड़े-बड़े नगर बसाये जा रहे हैं, भवन और बाँध बनाये जा रहे हैं। ये सब प्रदूषण के प्रमुख कारण हैं। प्रदूषण के भेद निम्नलिखित हैं-

1. जल प्रदूषण
2. वायु प्रदूषण
3. ध्वनि प्रदूषण
4. मृदा प्रदूषण

कारण है, तो समस्या का समाधान भी है। सर्वप्रथम भारत सहित विकासशील राष्ट्रों को यह विचार करना होगा कि उसे कैसा विकास चाहिये। पाश्चात्य देशों का अन्धानुकरण छोड़कर इन देशों को अपने प्राकृतिक पर्यावरण तथा आवश्यकता के अनुकूल कल-कारखानों को लगाना चाहिये। कारखाने स्थापित करने से पूर्व उनसे निकलने वाली हानिकारक धूल-गैसों को उचित दिशा व स्थानों की ओर स्थानान्तरित करने के लिए उपाय कर लिये जाने चाहिये। परमाणु परीक्षणों पर रोक लगायी जाये। वनों की निर्ममतापूर्वक कटायी न की जाये। जितने वृक्ष काटे जायें, उनसे अधिक लगाये जायें। नगरों की बढ़ती जनसंख्या को रोका जाये।

समय रहते यदि प्रदूषण की समस्या का निराकरण नहीं किया गया तो भारत ही नहीं सम्पूर्ण विश्व का विनाश निश्चित है। भोपाल गैसकाण्ड एक बड़ी चेतावनी है। सभी लोगों और देशों को चाहिये कि मानव जाति को सर्वनाश से बचाने के लिए पर्यावरण को स्वच्छ बनायें तथा ऐसा कार्य न करें जिससे प्रदूषण की समस्या बढ़े और पावन गंगा भी मैली हो जाये।

7. विज्ञान के नये आविष्कार
(म. प्र. 2010,11, 15)

प्रस्तावना-मानव ने अपनी आवश्यकताओं की पूर्ति के लिए नये-नये आविष्कार किये हैं। इस शताब्दी में विज्ञान ने भारी प्रगति की है और संसार का नक्शा ही बदल दिया है।

विज्ञान ने हमारी बड़ी-से-बड़ी और छोटी-से-छोटी दैनिक आवश्यकताओं की पूर्ति की है। उसने मानव जीवन में अधिक आनन्द बढ़ाया है। अंधे को आँखें, बहरे को कान, पंगु को पैर दिये हैं और मनुष्य को पक्षियों के समान आकाश में उड़ने की सुविधा दी है। मनुष्य जल पर भी चल सकता है। वैज्ञानिक उपकरणों के सहारे आज हम सैकड़ों मील दूर बैठे हुए अपने किसी मित्र से बातचीत कर सकते हैं।

1. मनोरंजन के क्षेत्र में मनोरंजन की आधुनिक वस्तुएँ विज्ञान की ही देन हैं। सिनेमा, टेलीविजन, टेपरिकार्डर, रेडियो आदि के माध्यम से हम मनोरंजनार्थ प्रस्तुत की जाने वाली सामग्री देख-सुन सकते हैं। हमारी शिक्षा, संस्कृति, आचार-विचार पर भी इसका प्रभाव पड़ा है।
2. चिकित्सा के क्षेत्र में स्वास्थ्य और चिकित्सा के क्षेत्र में भी विज्ञान ने मानव को बड़ा लाभ पहुँचाया है। खतरनाक रोगों पर काबू पा लिया गया है। कई प्रकार के टीकों का आविष्कार हो चुका है। एक्स रे द्वारा तो शरीर का भीतरी भाग तक अच्छी तरह से देखा जा सकता है, शल्य चिकित्सा का भी अच्छा विकास हुआ है। अब तो विज्ञान मौत को भी जीतने का प्रयास कर रहा है।
3. कृषि के क्षेत्र में कृषि और उद्योग-धन्धों के विकास में भी विज्ञान ने हमारी बड़ी मदद की है। उसने नलकूप, ट्रैक्टर, वैज्ञानिक खाद आदि ऐसे अनेक उपकरण निर्मित किये हैं जिनके कारण उत्पादन अनेक गुना बढ़ गया है। ट्रैक्टर, सिंचाई के पम्प, बीज बोने से लेकर काटने और साफ करने तक के यंत्र, रासायनिक उर्वरक, कीटनाशक दवाईयाँ आदि विज्ञान के कारण सम्भव हो सकी हैं।
4. आवागमन के क्षेत्र में आज संसार की दूरी कम हो गयी है। वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम् की भावना साकार हुई है। आवागमन के द्रुतगामी साधनों के कारण आज मनुष्य दिल्ली में भोजन करता है, मुम्बई जाकर पानी पीता है और कोलकाता जाकर शयन करता है। इंग्लैण्ड, अमेरिका, रूस आदि देशों की यात्रा अब स्वप्न नहीं रह गयी है। यात्रा द्रुत, सुगम, सुखद और सुरक्षित हो गयी है।
5. अन्य क्षेत्रों में विज्ञान ने मानव जीवन के हर क्षेत्र को प्रभावित किया है। गैस का चूल्हा, विद्युत् चूल्हा, रेफ्रीजरेटर, बिजली का पंखा आदि कई वस्तुएँ हमारे दैनिक जीवन के लिए अत्यन्त उपयोगी हैं। नई-नई मशीनों का चलन हो गया है। .
6. अन्तरिक्ष में विज्ञान-वैज्ञानिकों ने आर्यभट्ट, भास्कर, रोहिणी, इन्सैट के उपग्रह अन्तरिक्ष में स्थापित कर अपनी श्रेष्ठता प्रतिपादित कर दी है। मानव चन्द्र यात्रा कर आया है अब मंगल और दूरस्थ ग्रहों की बारी है।

अभिशाप-विज्ञान ने मनुष्य को अनेक प्रकार से लाभान्वित किया है, वहीं कई प्रकार से अहित भी किया है। अनेक लाभकारी आविष्कारों के साथ उसने भयंकर-से-भयंकर शस्त्रों का निर्माण किया है। ये अस्त्र शस्त्र इतने घातक होते हैं कि देखते-ही-देखते लाखों व्यक्तियों को मौत के घाट उतार सकते हैं। हिरोशिमा और नागासाकी में अणु बम का दुष्परिणाम हम देख ही चुके हैं। अब तो अणु बम से भी अधिक भयंकर, अधिक विनाशकारी शस्त्रास्त्र बन चुके हैं, जिनका कि अभी हाल ही में हुए युद्ध में इराक तथा बहुराष्ट्रीय सेनाओं ने डटकर प्रयोग किया था। इस प्रकार इन अस्त्रों के कारण मानवता के लिए एक जबरदस्त खतरा पैदा हो गया है।

विज्ञान ने बड़ी-बड़ी मशीनों और कारखानों के द्वारा उत्पादन अवश्य बढ़ाया है, लेकिन बेरोजगारी, स्पर्धा, शोषण, अस्वास्थ्य आदि की समस्याएँ भी पैदा की हैं। उद्योगों का बड़े पैमाने पर केन्द्रीयकरण हो गया है, समाज पूँजीपति और श्रमिक वर्ग में बँट गया है। इन्हीं कारखानों ने बड़े-बड़े देशों में स्पर्धा की भावना पैदा की जिसके परिणामस्वरूप युद्ध होते रहते हैं।

उत्पादन वृद्धि के साथ बेकारी भी बढ़ रही है। भोपाल में दिसम्बर 1984 में यूनियन कार्बाइड कारखाने में गैस रिसने के कारण 25000 से अधिक लोगों को जान से हाथ धोना पड़ा। विज्ञान के कारण समाज में भौतिकवाद और विलासिता की भावना भी बढ़ी है। आज का मनुष्य भौतिक सुख-सुविधाओं के पीछे पागल है। जितनी सुविधाएँ बढ़ रही हैं मनुष्य उतना ही विलासी बनता जा रहा है। विलासिता के कारण शक्ति का क्षय होता जा रहा है। आज मनुष्य शारीरिक दृष्टि से पहले की अपेक्षा बहुत कमजोर हो गया है। विभिन्न प्रकार के बढ़ते हुए प्रदूषण ने भी मानव जीवन को बहुत प्रभावित किया है।

उपसंहार-विज्ञान की उपलब्धियाँ एक ओर आनन्दकारी हैं, तो दूसरी ओर विध्वंसकारी भी। आवश्यकता इस बात की है कि हम अपनी प्रवृत्तियों का परिमार्जन करें और विज्ञान द्वारा प्रदत्त वस्तुओं का उपयोग मानवता की रक्षा, खुशहाली और कल्याण के लिए करें। विज्ञान, विनाश का नहीं सृजन का साधन बनाया जाना चाहिए। विज्ञान दोषी नहीं, दोषी है मनुष्य जो इसका दुरुपयोग करता है।

18. परमाणु शक्ति और मानव जीवन (Imp.)

प्रस्तावना-आज विज्ञान अपनी उन्नति के शिखर पर है। विज्ञान के क्षेत्र में अनेक आविष्कार हुए हैं उन सबमें परमाणु शक्ति का विशेष महत्त्व है। परमाणु शक्ति दो रूपों वाली है। इसका एक रूप जनजीवन के भयंकर संहार में लग सकता है। दूसरा रूप उनका शांतिमय उपयोग है जिसके द्वारा विश्व-मानव का जीवन कल्याणमय बन सकता है। – भारत में परमाणु परीक्षण का विकास-18 मई, 1974 का वर्ष भारत की वैज्ञानिक प्रगति के इतिहास में स्वर्णिम पृष्ठ माना जाएगा। यह वह पावन तिथि है जिसकी कल्पना डॉ. होमी जहाँगीर भाभा ने की थी, जिसके लिए प्रयत्नशील डॉ. साराभाई हुए, जिनका क्रियान्वयन डॉ. सेठना के तत्वावधान में हुआ। 18 मई, 1974 को भारत ने शांति कार्यों के लिए भूमिगत अणु विस्फोट करके सारे संसार के हृदय में विस्फोट कर दिया। इसके पश्चात् 11 एवं 13 मई, 1998 को पाँच और परमाणु परीक्षण किए गए, जिससे भारत विश्व के परमाणु शक्ति सम्पन्न देशों की पंक्ति में शामिल हो गया। सारा संसार भारत की इस वैज्ञानिक उपलब्धि से चकित रह गया है।

परमाणु शक्ति का दुष्परिणाम-विज्ञान की उन्नति के साथ-साथ विनाश की भयंकरता भी दिन प्रतिदिन बढ़ती गई। आज विश्व में यदि तृतीय युद्ध होता है तो वह परम्परागत अस्त्र-शस्त्रों तक सीमित नहीं रहेगा, बल्कि चलित शस्त्रों का प्रयोग होगा और जनजीवन का भयंकर विनाश होगा। द्वितीय महायुद्ध में जापान के युद्ध का अंत एक छोटे एटम बम से हुआ। आज तो उसकी तुलना में बहुत विशाल एवं भयंकर परमाणु बमों से भरे हवाई जहाज चक्कर काटते रहते हैं। परमाणु शक्ति से चलित प्रक्षेपास्त्रों के अड्डे निरंतर आक्रमण के लिये सजग रहते हैं। इस प्रकार परमाणु शक्ति का युद्ध के लिये उपयोग करने से भयंकर विनाश सम्भव है जिसकी कल्पना करना सम्भव नहीं है।

लाभ-हाइड्रोजन बम और कोबाल्ट बमों के रोमांचकारी परिणामों से भयभीत विश्व-मानव का विवेक आज परमाणु शक्ति के शांतिमय उपयोग की बात सोच रहा है। इस शक्ति का उपयोग मानव कल्याण के लिये होने पर विश्व का नक्शा ही बदल जाएगा। यह असीम शक्ति है। इसके द्वारा मानव बहुत उन्नति कर सकता है। परमाणु शक्ति का जीवन के विविध क्षेत्रों में शांतिमय उपयोग सम्भव है। आज संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघ भी इस निष्कर्ष पर पहुँचा है कि परमाणु शक्ति के शांतिमय उपयोग से मानव का कल्याण होगा और उसको समृद्धि प्राप्त होगी। अणु-परमाणु शक्ति महान् शक्ति है। परमाणु शक्ति के औंस भर ईंधन से 15 लाख टन कोयले की शक्ति प्राप्त की जा सकती है।

परमाणु शक्ति के विकास से निम्नलिखित लाभ हैं-

1. वैज्ञानिकों का मत है कि यदि इसी रफ्तार से मानव प्राकृतिक ईंधन का प्रयोग करता रहा तो इन स्रोतों का कुछ समय बाद अंत आ जाएगा। ऐसी स्थिति में परमाणु शक्ति के द्वारा मानव, ईंधन की कमी पूरी करने में समर्थ होगा।
2. परमाणु शक्ति से कम खर्च में सस्ती विद्युत् तैयार की जा रही है।
3. इस शक्ति के द्वारा कम खर्च में पानी के जहाज एवं पनडुब्बियाँ चलाई जा रही हैं। फ्रांस, रूस और अमेरिका इस क्षेत्र में उन्नति कर रहे हैं। भविष्य में वायुयान, मोटरगाड़ियाँ और रेलें भी परमाणु शक्ति से चला करेंगी।
4. परमाणु शक्ति का चिकित्सा के क्षेत्र में भी बड़ा उपयोग है। घातक रोगों के उपचार के लिए परमाणु शक्ति अत्यन्त उपयोगी सिद्ध हुई है। परमाणु ऊर्जा से प्राप्त विभिन्न प्रकार के रेडियो आइसोटोपों से शरीर के आन्तरिक विकारों का ज्ञान हो जाता है। रेडियो आइसोटोपों द्वारा ही कैंसर जैसे भयंकर रोग की चिकित्सा हो सकती है। रेडियो कैल्सियम द्वारा हड्डी की बढ़ोतरी की जानकारी हो जाती है।
5. परमाणु शक्ति किसानों और पशुपालकों की भी सहायता करती है। रेडियो कोबाल्ट के टुकड़ों को खेत में गाड़ देने पर बहुत उत्तम और अधिक मात्रा में खाद्यान्न पैदा होता है। फसलों को नष्ट करने वाले कीटाणुओं का ज्ञान भी रेडियो आइसोटोपों द्वारा होता है। यदि शाक-सब्जी, अन्न, फल, दूध और मांस आदि पदार्थों पर कुछ क्षणों के लिये रेडियो आइसोटोप सक्रिय छोड़ दिये जाएँ तो वे कीटाणुरहित हो जायेंगी और बहुत समय तक खराब नहीं होंगी।
6. कोबाल्ट से बने छोटे-छोटे एक्स-रे यंत्रों की सहायता से प्राचीन मूर्तियों की जाँच-पड़ताल की जा सकती है। उनका रचनाकाल जाना जा सकता है।
7. परमाणु ऊर्जा से पॉली एथीलीन (पॉलीथीन) नामक नया प्लास्टिक भी बनाया गया है। अन्य रासायनिक पदार्थों के निर्माण में भी यह सहायक सिद्ध हुआ है।
8. परमाणु ऊर्जा के द्वारा साइबेरिया के रेगिस्तान अब उपजाऊ मैदान बन चुके हैं। परमाणु शक्ति से बड़े-बड़े पहाड़ों को काटकर आवागमन के मार्ग बनाए गए हैं।

हानि इस प्रकार हम देखते हैं कि विश्व के अनेक देशों में परमाणु शक्ति का विनियोग मानव कल्याण के कार्यों में हो रहा है। अमेरिका, इंग्लैंड, फ्रांस, रूस और भारत आदि अनेक देशों में परमाणु शक्ति के मानव हित में शांतिमय उपयोग किए जा रहे हैं।

गत वर्षों में अणुबमों और उद्जन बमों के जो परीक्षण हुए हैं उनसे यह बात स्पष्ट हो गई कि यदि अब कोई विश्व-युद्ध हुआ तो समस्त संसार खत्म हो जाएगा। अणुबम युद्ध दोनों पक्षों का ऐसा विनाश कर देगा कि विजेता और विजित में कोई अन्तर नहीं रहेगा। यह भी सम्भव है कि बड़े परमाणु युद्ध में अणु एवं हाइड्रोजन बमों के विस्फोट के फलस्वरूप समस्त मानव जाति ही नष्ट हो जाए। रेडियो सक्रियता का प्रभाव सभी जीवित प्राणियों पर अत्यन्त घातक होता है।

उपसंहार-परमाणु शक्ति अपने आपमें कोई संहारक शक्ति नहीं है। इसके शांतिमय उपयोग से मानव कल्याण होगा। अणुशक्ति से परिचालित राकेटों के द्वारा मनुष्य चन्द्रमा तथा पृथ्वी से दूर अन्य ग्रहों तक पहुँच सका है। यदि इसका रचनात्मक कार्यों में उपयोग किया जाये तो यह मानव जाति के लिये वरदान सिद्ध होगा।

9. इक्कीसवीं सदी का भारत
(म. प्र. 2013, 15)

प्रस्तावना-21 वीं सदी का भारत एक नवजात शिशु की भाँति कुण्ठाओं से रहित निरंतर वृद्धिगत एवं विकासशील राष्ट्र होगा। वह एक ऐसा वट वृक्ष होगा जिसकी जडें गहरी होंगी। वे गौरवशाली परम्पराओं के ग्रहण करती हुई नित्य नई शाखाओं को प्रस्फुटित करने में समर्थ होंगी। वह वट वृक्ष प्रत्येक पक्षी और पथिक को आश्रय एवं व्यवहार प्रदान करने वाले स्थायी स्रोत होगा।

21 वीं सदी में प्रवेश-20 वीं सदी नित्य नये उतार-चढ़ाव परिवर्तनों एवं सघर्षों से परिपूर्ण रही है। इसके पूर्वार्द्ध में दो विश्व युद्ध हुए जिसके कारण भगवान और विधान दोनों के प्रति जन- सामान्य की आस्थाएँ डगमगा गयी। इसी कालावधि में भारत का विभाजन एवं साम्प्रदायिक रक्त- रंजित नरसंहार हुआ। सत्य और अहिंसा के अवतार महात्मा गाँधी की नृशंस हत्या भी इस सदी ने देखी।

21 वीं सदी के कर्णधार नागरिक बीसवीं सदी की विषमताओं से विहीन एवं समस्त कुण्ठाओं पूर्वाग्रहों आदि से मुक्त होंगे। वे नव-भारत के निर्माण में प्राणप्रण से संलग्न हो जायेंगे। यह नई पीढ़ी प्रगति के पथ पर अतीत के सुफल बटोरेगी, वर्तमान के फूल बिखेरेगी तथा भविष्य के बीज बोती हुई निरंतर गतिमान रहेगी।

विज्ञान एवं कम्प्यूटर-पूर्व प्रधानमंत्री श्री राजीव गाँधी इलेक्ट्रॉनिक उपकरण तथा कम्प्यूटर के सहारे भारत को 21 वीं शताब्दी में ले जाने को निरंतर प्रयत्नशील थे। वे इसी मार्ग से 21 वीं सदी में प्रवेश करना-कराना चाहते थे। वस्तुत: तकनीकी उन्नति की माँग ही है हम ज्ञानेन्द्रियों की क्षमता में वृद्धि करने वाले उपकरणों का नित्य नया विकास करें।

आध्यात्मिकता-हमारी परिकल्पना है कि 21 वीं सदी के भारत में मनीषी, संत, श्रेष्ठ वैज्ञानिक तथा शक्ति संपन्न राजपुरुष मानव होंगे। भारत की आत्मिक शक्ति नये रूप में प्रस्फुटित होगी और पूर्ण वेगं के साथ प्रवाहमान होगी। 21 वीं सदी के भारत के सम्मुख गौरवशाली परम्पराओं के वरदान के साथ परम्परागत समस्याओं के अभिशाप भी होंगे। सामाजिक, राजनैतिक, सांस्कृतिक, शैक्षिक आदि सभी प्रकार की समस्यायें अपना समाधान नये सिरे से चाहेंगी। 21 वीं सदी के भारत में गाँधीवादी जीवन दर्शन कथनी की उपेक्षा करके, करनी का वरण कर चुका होगा। तब बापू के सुख स्वप्न को साकार करने वाला राम राज्य हमारा जीवनादर्श होगा। उनकी परम्पराएँ हमारे जीवन मूल्य होगी। तब राजनीति का धर्म होगा और धर्म की राजनीति होगी। प्रत्येक भारतवासी अपने गुण स्वभाव के अनुसार अपने जीवन का निर्माण करने के लिए स्वतंत्र होगा।

शिक्षा-दीक्षा-21 वीं सदी की शिक्षा नीति भारत को नया मानव प्रदान करेंगी। उस शिक्षा पद्धति के अंतर्गत बालक को भीड़ के अंग के रूप में नहीं, एक स्वतंत्र व्यक्ति के रूप में शिक्षित-प्रशिक्षित होने के अवसर प्रदान किये जायेंगे। उसको न तो कोरा कागज समझा जायेगा जिसमें चाहे जो कुछ लिखा जा सके और न उसको एक खाली बर्तन ही समझा जायेगा जिसमें चाहे कुछ भी हो भर दिया जाये। उसको एक विकासशील पौधे की तरह विकसित होने के लिए उन्मुक्त एवं उपयुक्त वातावरण उपलब्ध कराया जायेगा। इसका निर्माण समर्पित शिक्षकों के हाथों में होगा। प्रत्येक स्तर पर रोजगार-परक शिक्षा की व्यवस्था होगी। 21 वीं सदी के भारत की शिक्षा नीति का लक्ष्य ऐसे नागरिकों का निर्माण करना होगा जो अपने परिवार, समाज, देश और उसकी मिट्टी से प्यार करें और अपने आपको भारतीय कहने में आत्मगौरव का अनुभव करें।

उपसंहार-इस प्रकार 21 वीं सदी का भारत सही अर्थों में भारतीय मानव का देश होगा। इनमें छुआछूत, ऊँच-नीच, अमीर-गरीब, राजा-रंक का यहाँ नाम भी नहीं होगा। ईश्वर 21 वीं सदी में भारत का स्वरूप हमारी कल्पना से भी अधिक समृद्ध एवं श्रेष्ठ हो।

निम्नलिखित विषय पर रूपरेखा लिखिए (म. प्र. 2015)

स्त्री शिक्षा

1. प्रस्तावना
2. शिक्षा का महत्व
3. बालिका शिक्षा प्रयत्न
4. बालिका शिक्षा के लक्ष्य तक पहुँचने में बाधाएँ
5. बाधाओं का निराकरण
6. उपसंहार।

MP Board Class 11th General Hindi Important Questions

MP Board Class 11th Samanya Hindi पत्र लेखन Important Questions

1. अपने क्षेत्र के स्वास्थ्य अधिकारी को क्षेत्र की गंदगी दूर करने के विषय में पत्र लिखिए। (म. प्र. 2009, 13)
उत्तर-
प्रति,
श्रीमान् स्वास्थ्य अधिकारी
नगर पालिका परिषद्
शहडोल (म. प्र.)।

विषय-गंदगी के निदान हेतु।

मान्यवर,
निवेदन है कि मैं वार्ड क्र.-19 पुरानी बस्ती शहडोल का निवासी हूँ। इस वार्ड में सड़कों पर कभी झाड़ नहीं लगाई जाती। नाली में कचरा जाम होने के कारण बहाव बाधित होता है और नाली का पानी सड़कों पर फैलता रहता है। पिछले तीन महीने से नाली की सफाई भी नहीं की गई है। वार्ड के नुक्कड़ों पर रखे कचरादान से कचरा खाली न करने के कारण कचरा सड़क पर बिखरा रहता है।

महोदय, गंदगी से संक्रमणजन्य बीमारियाँ फैलती है। अत: निवेदन है कि तत्काल सफाई करवाने का कष्ट करें।

दिनांक : 16.11.2015

प्रार्थी
अक्षय मिश्रा
पुरानी बस्ती, वार्ड क्र.-19
शहडोल (म. प्र.)

2. अपने पिता को एक पत्र लिखिए, जिसमें वार्षिक परीक्षा की तैयारी का उल्लेख हो। (म. प्र. 1997, 2013)
उत्तर-

जबलपुर
दिनांक 16-8-2015

पूजनीय पिताजी,
सादर चरण स्पर्श।

मैं यहाँ सकुशल हूँ। ईश्वर से प्रार्थना करती हूँ कि वहाँ भी कुशलता बनाये रखे। मेरी वार्षिक परीक्षा 5-3-2016 से शुरू हो रही है। मैं प्रथम श्रेणी में उत्तीर्ण होने के लिए बहुत लगन से तैयारी कर रही हूँ। आप लोगों के आशीर्वाद से मुझे सफलता अवश्य प्राप्त होगी। माँ और भैया को प्रणाम।

आपकी सुपुत्री
आशा मिश्रा

3. अपने विद्यालय के प्राचार्य महोदय को स्थानान्तरण प्रमाण-पत्र हेतु एक आवेदन-पत्र लिखिए। (म. प्र. 2011, 15)
उत्तर-
स्थानान्तरण प्रमाण-पत्र
सेवा में,
श्रीमान् प्राचार्य महोदय,
शिवदत्त मेमोरियल हाईस्कूल
भेड़ाघाट, जबलपुर (म. प्र.)

विषय-शाला स्थानान्तरण प्रमाण-पत्र हेतु।
महोदय,
सविनय निवेदन है कि मैं आपके विद्यालय में ग्यारहवीं कक्षा (अ) का छात्र हूँ। मेरे पिता उप जिलाधीश हैं। उनका स्थानान्तरण दुर्ग जिले में हो गया है। अत: मेरा यहाँ अध्ययन जारी रख पाना संभव नहीं है। मैंने अगस्त, 2015 तक का समस्त शाला-शुल्क जमा कर दिया है। मेरा क्रमांक 11103 है।

अतएव श्रीमान् से प्रार्थना है कि मुझे यथाशीघ्र शाला स्थानान्तरण प्रमाण-पत्र दिलाने की कृपा करेंगे ताकि मैं दुर्ग की किसी शाला में शीघ्र प्रवेश ले सकूँ।

दिनांक 30.8.2015

आपका आज्ञाकारी छात्र
नरबद मिश्रा
कक्षा 11 वीं (अ)

4. प्राचार्य की ओर से विद्यालय के वार्षिकोत्सव में अतिथियों के निमन्त्रण-पत्र का प्रारूप।
उत्तर-
प्रिय महोदय / महोदया,
आपको यह जानकर प्रसन्नता होगी कि हमारा विद्यालय दिनांक 24-10-15 से 26-10-15 तक अपना वार्षिकोत्सव मनाने जा रहा है। इस उत्सव का उद्घाटन दिनांक 25-10-15 को तीन बजे अपरान्ह म. प्र. के माननीय शिक्षा मन्त्री द्वारा होगा। अतएव आपसे निवेदन है कि इस अवसर पर आप मित्रों सहित पधारकर उत्सव की शोभा बढ़ायें।

भवदीय
प्रभात हा.से.स्कूल रांझी

5. परीक्षा के समय ध्वनि-प्रदूषण रोकने के लिए कलेक्टर को एक शिकायती पत्र लिखिए। (म. प्र. 2011)
उत्तर-
प्रति.
श्रीमान् जिलाधीश (कलेक्टर) महोदय,
जबलपुर।

विषय-परीक्षाकाल में ध्वनि-प्रदूषण रोकने के संबंध में।

महोदय,
निवेदन है कि माध्यमिक शिक्षा मण्डल की परीक्षाएँ दिनांक 3.4.2015 से प्रारंभ हो रही हैं। हम सभी विद्यार्थी अध्ययन में व्यस्त हैं, परन्तु जगह-जगह ध्वनि विस्तारक यंत्रों (लाउड स्पीकर) के बजने से हमारी पढ़ाई में व्यवधान उत्पन्न होता है। हम एकाग्रचित्त होकर अध्ययन नहीं कर पाते। अत: कृपया इन ध्वनि विस्तारक यंत्रों पर प्रतिबंध लगाने संबंधी आदेश जारी करें।

भवदीय
मनोज
अध्यक्ष, छात्रसंघ
शा. उ. मा. शाला गणेश गंज रांझी

6. वाद-विवाद प्रतियोगिता में राज्य स्तर पर प्रथम स्थान प्राप्त करने पर मित्र को बधाई पत्र लिखिए। (म. प्र. 2015)
उत्तर-
प्रिय मित्र,

दिनांक 16.9. 2015
स्थान -L.I.G. 3 रक्षानगर कालोनी
बड़ापत्थर रांझी जबलपुर (म. प्र.)

अक्षय
मैं यहाँ पर कुशलता से रहते हुऐं आपके कुशलता की कामना करता हूँ अग्र समाचार यह है कि आपका भेजा हुआ पत्र मिला, पढ़कर अत्यधिक खुशी हुई। प्रसन्नता इस बात की है आपने वाद – विवाद प्रतियोगिता में राज्य में प्रथम स्थान प्राप्त किया आपको मेरी ओर से ढेर सारी शुभकामनाएँ। ईश्वर करे निरंतर इस प्रकार की सफलता आपके कदमों को चूमे एवं अपनी मंजिल तक दृढ़ता से वहाँ तक पहुँचे। आज जो खुशी आपने परिवार को एवं मुझे दी है वह मैं तुम्हें शब्दों द्वारा बता नहीं सकता। आपके माता पिता जी को मेरा प्रणाम छोटे भाई-बहनों को हार्दिक स्नेह।

धन्यवाद

तुम्हार अभिन्न मित्र
श्री हनुमान मिश्रा

7. चुनाव के दिनों में आपके शहर की दीवारें नारे लिखने और पोस्टर चिपकाने से गंदी हो गई हैं। इस समस्या की ओर ध्यान आकृष्ट करते हुए किसी समाचार-पत्र के संपादक को पत्र लिखिए?
उत्तर
प्रति,
सम्पादक महोदय,
दैनिक …
जबलपुर (मध्यप्रदेश)

‘महोदय,
निवेदन है कि आप अपने लोकप्रिय समाचार पत्र में मेरी इस समस्या को प्रकाशित करने की कृपा करें। ‘प्राय: देखा गया है कि विभिन्न राजनीतिक दल चुनाव के द्वारा निर्वाचन आयोग के निर्देशों का पूर्णतया पालन नहीं करते। शहर की सुन्दरता को स्थान-स्थान पर नारे लिखकर तथा पोस्टर चिपकाकर गंदा कर देते हैं। सुन्दर-सी दीवारों पर बद्नुमा धब्बे देखकर मन खिन्न हो जाता है। सुन्दर शहर को इस तरह से गंदा करने की प्रवृत्ति निश्चित रूप से सही नहीं है।

अतः आपके समाचार पत्र के माध्यम से शासन का ध्यान इस ओर आकृष्ट करना चाहता हूँ कि नारे लिखना एवं पोस्टर चिपकाने वालों के खिलाफ कड़ी कार्यवाही करें।

धन्यवाद।
दिनांक .. ……….

भवदीय
अ.ब.स.

8. डाक वितरण की अनियमितता की शिकायत करते हुए क्षेत्रीय पोस्ट मास्टर को पत्र लिखिए (म. प्र. 2010)
उत्तर-
सेवा में,
पोस्ट मास्टर जनरल
पोस्ट ऑफिस
शिकनी नगर भोपाल।

विषय – डाक वितरण में अनियमितता।
महोदय,

इस पत्र के माध्यम से मैं आपका ध्यान अरेरा कॉलोनी क्षेत्र में डाक वितरण की अनियमितता के विषय में दिलाना चाहता हूँ। इस क्षेत्र में पिछले कई मास से डाक वितरण में अनियमितता देखने को मिल रही है। इस समय डाक न मिलने से बड़ी कठिनाई होती है।

इस क्षेत्र में नियुक्त पोस्ट मैन डाक वितरण कार्य ठीक प्रकार से नहीं करता। वह प्राय: दो तीन दिन में पत्र एक साथ ही डालता है। कभी-कभी आवश्यक पत्र भी बाहर बरामदे में फेंक देता है। वह पत्रों को खेलते हुए बच्चों के हाथ में फेंककर चला जाता है।

मुझे आशा है कि आप इस ओर समुचित ध्यान देकर डाक वितरण की अनियमितता को समाप्त करेंगे।

दिनांक 16. 08. 2015

भवदीय
आशा मिश्रा
अरेरा कालोनी सुधार समिति भोपाल।

MP Board Class 11th General Hindi Important Questions