Bhagya

In this article, we will share MP Board Class 10th Hindi Book Solutions Chapter 18 विद्या की शोभा विनम्रता (संकलित) Pdf, These solutions are solved subject experts from latest edition books.

MP Board Class 10th Hindi Vasanti Solutions Chapter 18 विद्या की शोभा विनम्रता (संकलित)

विद्या की शोभा विनम्रता पाठ्य-पुस्तक के प्रश्नोत्तर

विद्या की शोभा विनम्रता लघु-उत्तरीय प्रश्नोत्तर

प्रश्न 1.
महाकवि माघ को किस बात का अभिमान था?
उत्तर
महाकवि माघ को अपनी विद्वता का अभिमान था।

प्रश्न 2.
धन और जीवन को क्षणभंगुर क्यों कहा गया है?
उत्तर
धन और जीवन क्षण भंगुर हैं क्योंकि ये दोनों कब नष्ट हो जाएंगे, कहा नहीं जा सकता।

प्रश्न 3.
उद्योगपति ने अनेक कारखाने कैसे स्थापित किए थे?
उत्तर
उद्योगपति ने अनेक कारखाने कुछ तकनीकी और प्रगतिशील विचारों के कारण स्थापित किए।

प्रश्न 4.
कर्ज लेने वाला व्यक्ति जीवन से हार क्यों जाता है?
उत्तर
कर्ज लेने वाला व्यक्ति जीवन से हार जाता है क्योंकि उसका अपना कुछ नहीं होता है।

प्रश्न 5.
भूमि-पूजन का आयोजन क्यों किया गया था?
उत्तर
भूमि-पूजन का आयोजन एक नए कारखाने के आरंभ के लिए किया गया था।

प्रश्न 6.
हम प्रकृति का मान किन-किन रूपों में कर सकते हैं?
उत्तर
हम प्रकृति का मान वृक्षारोपण और पर्यावरण संरक्षण के रूप में कर सकते हैं।

प्रश्न 7.
शास्त्रों ने किन दो को राजा माना है?
उत्तर
शास्त्रों ने यम और इन्द्र को राजा माना है।

विद्या की शोभा विनम्रता दीर्घ-उत्तरीय प्रश्नोत्तर

प्रश्न 1.
विद्वता की शोभा अहंकार नहीं विनम्रता है’ इस पंक्ति का आशय स्पष्ट कीजिए।
उत्तर
विद्वता की शोभा अहंकार नहीं, विनम्रता है; क्योंकि अहंकार से विनम्रता कभी नहीं प्रकट होती है।

प्रश्न 2.
पृथ्वी और नारी को क्षमाशील क्यों कहा गया है?
उत्तर
पृथ्वी और नारी को क्षमाशील कहा गया है; क्योंकि इन दोनों को बोझ नहीं मालूम पड़ती है।

प्रश्न 3.
कवि माघ को वृद्धा के सामने लज्जित क्यों होना पड़ा?
उत्तर
कवि माघ को वृद्धा के सामने लज्जित होना पड़ा क्योंकि उसके तर्क के उत्तर उनके पास नहीं थे।

प्रश्न 4.
प्रकृति को पूजनीय रूप में देखना क्यों जरूरी है?
उत्तर
प्रकृति को पूजनीय रूप में देखने से सम्मान मिलता है।

प्रश्न 4.
प्रकृति को किसका भार अधिक लगता है और क्यों?
उत्तर
प्रकृति को उसके नियमों के विपरीत चलने वालों का भार अधिक लगता है। क्योंकि उसे यह असह्य होता है।

प्रश्न 5.
‘प्रकृति परमात्मा का ही एक रूप है’, इस कवन को स्पष्ट कीजिए।
उत्तर
‘प्रकृति परमात्मा का ही एक रूप है। इस कथन का आशय यह है कि परमात्मा की तरह प्रकृति भी परोपकारी है। वह स्वयं के लिए नहीं, अपितु दूसरों के सुख और आनंद के लिए ही अपना स्वरूप धारण किए हुए है।

विद्या की शोभा विनम्रता भाषा-अनुशीलन

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों के विलोम शब्द लिखिए
सज्जन, आरंभ, प्रसन्न, प्रश्न।
उत्तर
शब्द – विलोम शब्द
सज्जन – दुर्जन
आरंभ – अंत
प्रसन्न – अप्रसन्न
प्रश्न – उत्तर।

प्रश्न 2.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों के पर्यायवाची शब्द लिखिए
सूर्य, मनुष्य, पुष्प, पहाड़, पृथ्वी, भू, इन्द्र।
उत्तर
सूर्य – रवि, दिनकर
मनुष्य – मानव, मनुज
पहाड़ – पर्वत, शैल
पृथ्वी – भू, धरती
भू – भूमि, जमीन
इन्द्र – सुरेश, देवराज।

प्रश्न 3.
निम्नलिखित वाक्यों को शुद्ध कीजिए
(क) प्रकृति को मान दें तो वह आपको सम्मान देगा।
(ख) गाय और बैल घास चर रही हैं।
(ग) कृपया राह बताने की कृपा करें।
(घ) पृथ्वी जड़ नहीं चैतन्य होता है।
उत्तर
(क) प्रकृति को मान दें, तो वह आपको सम्मान देगी।
(ख) गाय और बैल घास चर रहे हैं।
(ग) राह बताने की कृपा करें।
(घ) पृथ्वी जड़ नहीं चैतन्य होती है।

विद्या की शोभा विनम्रता योग्यता-विस्तार

प्रश्न 1. उज्जयिनी के कुछ प्रसिद्ध धार्मिक स्थलों के नाम लिखिए।
प्रश्न 2. ‘पर्यावरण प्रदूषण और हमारा दायित्व’ विषय पर कक्षा में एक परिचर्चा का अयोजन कीजिए।
प्रश्न 3. पर्यावरण दिवस पर अपनी शाला में पौधे लगाइए और बारी-बारी से उसकी सुरक्षा की जिम्मेदारी लीजिए।
उत्तर
उपर्युक्त प्रश्नों को छात्रा/छात्र अपने अध्यापक/अध्यापिका की सहायता से हल करें।

विद्या की शोभा विनम्रता परीक्षोपयोगी अतिरिक्त प्रश्नोत्तर

अर्थग्रहण संबंधी प्रश्नोत्तर

प्रश्न 1.
‘विद्वता की शोभा-विनम्रता’ प्रसंग का प्रतिपाय स्पष्ट कीजिए।
उत्तर
‘विद्वता की शोभा-विनम्रता’ प्रसंग एक प्रेरक और भाववर्द्धक प्रसंग है। लेखक ने इस प्रसंग के द्वारा उज्जयिनी के महाकवि माघ के चरित्र और आचरण को चित्रित किया है। राजा भोज के साथ महाकवि माघ का राह चलते एक वृद्धा से वार्तालाप कवि की विद्वता को चुनौती देता है। वृद्धा कवि माघ के अभिमानयुक्त पांडित्य को अस्वीकृत करते हुए उन्हें विनम्र और शालीन बनने की सीख देती है। व्यक्ति की विनयशीलता, विनम्र और शालीन आचरण उसकी विशिष्ट पहचान होती है। अपने धन और ज्ञान-वैभव में भी अभिमान रहित रहने वाले लोग संसार में महान बनते हैं।

प्रश्न 2.
‘प्रकृति परमात्मा का स्वरूप’ प्रसंग का प्रतिपाय स्पष्ट कीजिए।
उत्तर
‘प्रकृति परमात्मा का स्वरूप’ प्रसंग में प्रकृति के महत्त्व को सामने लाने का प्रयास किया गया है। इस प्रसंग के द्वारा प्रकृति को ईश्वर का ही दूसरा स्वरूप कहा गया है। मनुष्य सृष्टि का ही एक अंश है और जब मनुष्य सृष्टि के जड़-चेतन से अपनी तादात्म्य स्थापित कर लेता है तब उसका जीवन सार्थक होता है। यदि मानव अहंकार या घमंड में चूर होकर अपने ज्ञान को ही सर्वश्रेष्ठ मानकर व्यवहार करने लगता है तो वह अपना ही अहित करता है। विद्या तो विनयशीलता से ही सुशोभित होती है। मानव-जीवन प्रकृति प्रदत्त निःशुल्क वरदानों से ही सुखी और संपन्न है। अतः इनके प्रति आदर भाव मानव मात्र का सहज और स्वाभाविक कर्तव्य है।

प्रश्न 3.
निम्नलिखित कथनों के लिए दिए गए विकल्पों में से सही विकल्पों के चयन कीजिए
1. महाकवि माप थे
1. नालंदा के
2. उज्जयिनी के
3. पाटिलपुत्र के
4. कपिलवस्तु के।
उत्तर
(2) उज्जयिनी के

2. महाकवि माय समयकालीन थे
1. राजा भोज के
2. राजा विक्रमादित्य के
3. सम्राट अशोक के
4. राजा नल के।
उत्तर
(1) राजा भोज के

3. माय को अभिमान था
1. विनम्रता का
2. घन का
3. सौदर्य का
4. पाण्डित्य का।
उत्तर
(4) पाण्डित्य को

4. अतिथि होते हैं
1. चार
2. दो
3. तीन
4. पाँच।
उत्तर
(2) दो
5. हारने वाले लोग होते हैं
1. तीन तरह के
2. दो तरह के
3. चार तरह के
4. सात तरह के।
उत्तर
(2) दो तरह के

प्रश्न 2.
रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति दिए गए विकल्पों में से उचित शब्दों के चयन से कीजिए। .
1. माघ को अपने पाण्डित्य का बड़ा ……………….. था। (अभिमान, ध्यान)
2. माघ ……………….. के साथ वन-विहार से लौट रहे थे। (मंत्री, राजा भोज)
3. शास्त्रों ने तो यम और इन्द्र को ही……………….. माना है। (शासक, राजा)
4. माष ने कहा, “माँ! हम ……………….. गए। (जान, हार)
5. विद्वता की शोभा अहंकार नहीं ……………….. है। (विनम्रता, पाण्डित्य)
उत्तर
1. अभिमान
2. राजा भोज
3. राजा
4. हार
5. विनम्रता।

प्रश्न 4.
सही जोड़ी का मिलान कीजिए
क्रोध – राम नरेश त्रिपार्टी
उर्वशी – रमानाथ अवस्थी
प्रवासी के गीत – रामधारी सिंह ‘दिनकर’
आग और पराग – रामचन्द्र शुक्ल
मिलन और स्वप्न – नरेन्द्र शर्मा।
उत्तर
क्रोध- रामचन्द्र शुक्ल
उर्वशी – रामधारी सिंह ‘दिनकर’
प्रवासी के गीत – नरेंद्र शर्मा
आग और पराग – रामनाथ अवस्थी
मिलन और स्वप्न – राम नरेश त्रिपाठी।

प्रश्न 5.
निम्नलिखित वाक्य सत्य हैं या असत्य? वाक्य के आगे लिखिए।
1. माघ को अपने पाण्डित्य का बड़ा अभिमान था।
2. यात्री तो सूर्य और चन्द्रमा दो ही हैं।
3. पृथ्वी जड़ है, चैतन्य नहीं।
4. भूमि-पूजन एक कर्मकांड है।
5. प्रकृति परमात्मा का ही एक रूप है।
उत्तर

1. सत्य
2. सत्य
3. असत्य
4. असत्य
5. सत्य।

प्रश्न 6.
निम्नलिखित कथनों का उत्तर एक शब्द में दीजिए।
1. किसको छेड़ने का किसी को साहस न होता?
2. किस पर आदमी आया-जाया करते हैं?
3. सूर्य और चन्द्रमा क्या हैं?
4. धन और यौवन क्या हैं?
5. विद्वता की शोभा क्या है?
उत्तर

1. माघ को
2. रास्ता पर
3. यात्री
4. अतिथि
5. विनम्रता।

विद्या की शोभा विनम्रता लघु-उत्तरीय प्रश्नोत्तर

प्रश्न 1.
वृद्धा ने माघ को समझाते हुए क्या कहा?
उत्तर
वृद्धा ने माघ को समझाते हुए कहा-“महापंडित, मैं जानती हूँ कि आप माघ हैं, आप महाविद्वान हैं, पर विद्वता की शोभा अहंकार नहीं, विनम्रता है।

प्रश्न 2.
पृथ्वी ने स्वयं क्या कहा है?
उत्तर
पृथ्वी ने स्वयं कहा है कि मुझे पहाड़, तालाब नदियाँ, समुद्र आदि का बोझ नहीं मालूम पड़ता, किंतु जब मेरे ऊपर परद्रोही यानी मेरे नियमों के विपरीत चलने वाला पैर होता है तो मुझे उसका भार अत्यधिक मालूम पड़ता है। भूमिपूजन मात्र एक कर्मकांड नहीं यह सतत चलते रहना चाहिए।

प्रश्न 3.
पर्यावरण और प्रदूषण को सही रूप में समझने के लिए क्या आवश्यक है?
उत्तर
पर्यावरण और प्रदूषण को सही रूप में समझने के लिए आवश्यक है कि हम पहले प्रकृति को पूजनीय रूप में देखें।

विद्या की शोभा विनम्रता प्रसंग का सारांश

उज्जयिनी के महाकवि माघ को अपनी विद्वता का बड़ा अभिमान था। एक बार राजा भोज के साथ कहीं जा रहे थे तो एक वृद्धा ने उनकी विद्वता को चुनीती देते हुए कई प्रकार से उन्हें संशय में डाल दिया। अंत में उन्होंने विनयपूर्वक कहा, “माँ हम हार गए! वृद्धा ने कहा, “महानुभाव! संसार में कर्ज लेने वाला या अपना चरित्रबल खो देने वाला ही पराजित होता है। मैं जानती हूँ कि आप माघ हैं और महाविद्वान हैं, लेकिन विद्वता की शोभा अहंकार नहीं विनम्रता है। इसे सुनकर माय लज्जित होकर आगे चल दिए।

संदर्भ-प्रसंग सहित व्याख्या

महानुभाव! संसार में जो किसी से कर्ज़ लेता है या अपना चरित्र खो देता है, बस हारने वाले दो कोटि के लोग होते हैं।

शब्दार्व-कोटि-श्रेणी।

संदर्भ-प्रस्तुत गद्यांश हमारी पाठ्य-पुस्तक ‘हिंदी सामान्य’ 10वीं में संकलित ‘विद्या की शोभा विनम्रता’ से है।

प्रसंग-प्रस्तुत गद्यांश में लेखक ने एक वृद्धा के माध्यम से संसार के दो निम्नकोटि के लोगों के बारे में बतलाने का प्रयास किया है। इसके लिए लेखक ने एक
प्रसंग का उल्लेख करते हुए कहा कि

व्याख्या-एक बार महापंडित माघ राजा भोज के साथ कहीं जा रहे थे। उन्होंने एक बुढ़िया को देखकर पूछा कि यह रास्ता कहाँ जाता है? उस बुढ़िया ने उनसे उनका परिचय पूछा। उन्होंने अपना जो कुछ परिचय दिया, उस बुढ़िया ने अपनी तर्क बुद्धि से गलत सिद्ध कर दिया। फिर उसने उन्हें समझाया-महाशय! जो व्यक्ति इस संसार में दूसरे से जो कुछ लेता है या अपने चरित्र-बल को बचा नहीं पाता है, ये दोनों ही जीवन में हार का मुँह देखते हैं।

विशेष-1.
उपर्युक्त गद्यांश प्रेरक और ज्ञानवर्द्धक है।

अर्थ-ग्रहण संबंधी प्रश्नोत्तर
प्रश्न
संसार में हारने वाले कौन होते हैं?
उत्तर
संसार में हारने वाले दो ही होते हैं

1. कर्ज लेने वाले या
2. अपना चरित्र-बल खोने वाले!

विषय-वस्त पर आधारित प्रश्नोत्तर
प्रश्न 1.
उपर्युक्त गयांश का भाव लिखिए।
उत्तर
उपर्युक्त गद्यांश में लेखक ने दूसरों पर निर्भर न होकर चरित्र बल बनाए रखने की सीख दी है।

विद्या की शोभा विनम्रता  प्रकृतिक परमात्मा का स्वरूप

विद्या की शोभा विनम्रता प्रसंग का सारांश

उज्जयिनी के महाकवि माघ को अपनी विद्वता का बड़ा अभिमान था। एक बार राजा भोज के साथ कहीं जा रहे थे तो एक वृद्धा ने उनकी विद्वता को चुनीती देते हुए नास्तिकता प्रकट की। उसके दादा ने उसे समझाया कि धरती का निरादर करके वह प्रसन्न नहीं रह सकता। भूमि-पूजन केवल एक कर्मकांड नहीं। इसे हमेशा चलते रहना चाहिए। पर्यावरण और प्रदूषण को सही रूप में समझने के लिए पहले प्रकृति को पूजनीय रूप में देखना पड़ेगा।

MP Board Class 10th General Hindi पत्र-लेखन

पत्र-लेखन की आवश्यकता-
हम सब अपने निकट संबंधियों, इष्ट मित्रों से बराबर सम्पर्क रखना चाहते हैं। जो हमारे पास में ही रहते हैं, उनसे तो हम मिलते रहते हैं, किंतु जो हमसे दूर दूसरे नगर या गाँव में रहते हैं, उनको तो हम लिखकर ही अपनी कुशल-क्षेम भेज सकते हैं और लिखकर ही उनकी कुशल-क्षेम मँगा सकते हैं। इस प्रकार लिखकर विचारों का जो आदान-प्रदान किया जाता है, उसे पत्र-लेखन कहते हैं। विद्यालय में भी कई अवसरों पर हमें अपने प्राचार्य को प्रार्थना-पत्र लिखने पड़ते हैं। कभी-कभी हम अपने गाँव या नगर के बाहर के किसी पुस्तक विक्रेता से अपनी जरूरत की पुस्तकें भी मँगाते हैं। इसके लिए भी हमें पत्र लिखना पड़ता है। इस तरह हम यह कह सकते हैं कि पत्र व्यवहार हम सबके लिए अनिवार्य हो गया है।

1. अनौपचारिक पत्र (Informal letter)-इस तरह के पत्र अपने सगे-संबंधियों एवं मित्रों को लिखे जाते हैं। जैसे-माता-पिता, भाई-बहन, चाचा-चाची, मित्र आदि के लिए लिखा गया पत्र।
2. औपचारिक पत्र (Formal Letter)-इस तरह के पत्र कार्यालय से संबंधित होते हैं। जैसे-प्रधानाचार्य, अधिकारी, व्यापारिक वर्ग आदि के लिए इस तरह के पत्र लेखन का प्रयोग होता है।

पत्र लेखन संबंधी कुछ आवश्यक बातें-

1. पत्र लिखते समय स्थान (जहां से पत्र लिखा जा रहा है), दिनांक, उचित संबोधन का विशेष ध्यान रखना वाहिए।
2. पत्र की भाषा सरल एवं स्पष्ट होनी चाहिए।
3. पत्र का विषय सुलझा हुआ होना चाहिए।
4. अनावश्यक बातों का प्रयोग नहीं करना चाहिए।
5. कम शब्दों में पत्र के उद्देश्य को अधिक से अधिक स्पष्टता के साथ प्रकट करना चाहिए।
6. भाषा की शालीनता का ध्यान रखना चाहिए।

अनौपचारिक पत्र

1. ‘वार्षिक परीक्षा की तैयारी की सूचना हेतु पिताजी को पत्र’ लिखो।
175, शिवाजी मार्ग
भोपाल
10-5-200…
पूज्य पिताजी!

सादर चरण-स्पर्श,
आपका कृपापत्र हमें 8-5-200… को मिला। पढ़कर मन खुश हुआ। मैं आप सब पूज्य-वृन्दों के आशीर्वाद से सकुशल हूँ। आशा है कि आप सब भी परमात्मा की महाकृपा से ठीक से होंगे।

पूज्य पिताजी! आजकल मैं अपनी वार्षिक परीक्षा की तैयारी में अति व्यस्त हूँ। मेरी वार्षिक परीक्षा 20-5-200… से आरंभ होने वाली है। अब तक मैंने हिंदी, अंग्रेजी, गणित, विज्ञान और सामाजिक विषयों की पूरी तरह से तैयारी कर ली है परीक्षा के दिन तक तो मुझे सारे विषय कंठस्थ हो जाएंगे। इस आधार पर मैं आपको यह विश्वास दिला रहा हूँ कि मैं प्रथम श्रेणी में अवश्य उत्तीर्ण हो जाऊँगा। आशा है कि इससे आप सबको आनंद और उल्लास होगा।

पूज्य माताजी को सादर चरण-स्पर्श और अनुज शशि को शुभाशीर्वाद।

आपका आज्ञाकारी पुत्र
‘रवि’

2. अपने पिताजी को पत्र लिखिए तथा उसमें मासिक जेब खर्च बढ़ाने की मांग कीजिए।
विष्णु गार्डन,
भोपाल
3-3-200…
पूज्य पिताजी,

सादर चरण-स्पर्श
आप सब सकुशल हैं, इसके लिए मैं परमात्मा से सदैव प्रार्थी हूँ, आपके पत्र की प्रतीक्षा करके मैं यह पत्र लिख रहा हूँ। आपको यह ज्ञात हो कि मेरी परीक्षा आगामी माह की 15वीं तारीख से आरंभ होने वाली है। इसके लिए मैंने जी-जान से अध्ययन आरंभ कर दिया है। कुछ पुस्तकें, कापियाँ और कुछ परीक्षोपयोगी आवश्यकताएँ आ गई हैं। इसलिए आप अब 50 रुपये और अधिक भेजते जाइएगा। ऐसा इसलिए कि परीक्षा खर्च के साथ-साथ आवागमन और सम्पर्क हेतु भी पैसे खर्च होंगे। अतएव आप 500 रुपये तो अवश्य बढ़ाकर भेजते रहियेगा। अन्यथा परीक्षा की तैयारी अधूरी रह जाएगी।

माताजी को सादर चरण-स्पर्श, अनुज, दिव्या को शुभाशीर्वाद

आपका आज्ञाकारी पुत्र
‘प्रभाकर’

3. प्रतिदिन समाचार-पत्र पढ़ने से जो लाभ है, उन्हें अवगत कराते हुए अपने मित्र को एक पत्र लिखिए।
2/2, तिलक नगर
ग्वालियर (म.प्र.)
6-6-200…

प्रिय मित्र, रमेश!
मुझे तुम्हारा पत्र कल ही प्राप्त हुआ। तुमने लिखा है कि आजकल क्या कर रहा हूँ। तो मित्र मैं आजकल दिल-दिमाग से समाचार-पत्रों को पढ़ने में जुट गया हूँ। मैं हिंदी-अंग्रेजी दोनों ही समाचार-पत्रों को नियमित रूप से पढ़ रहा हूँ। मुझे इनसे बहुत लाभ मिल रहा है। इस विषय में बता रहा हूँ।

मित्र समाचार-पत्र पढ़ने से लाभ ही लाभ हैं। देश-विदेश की ही नहीं आस-पड़ोस की पूरी खबर घर बैठे ही मिल जाती है। समाचार-पत्र पढ़ने से अच्छा-खासा मनोरंजन हो जाता है, यही नहीं विविध प्रकार के शब्द-अर्थ और भावों-प्रतिक्रियाओं का भी ज्ञान हो जाता है। समाचार-पत्र में छपे समाचारों से अपनी स्थिति का पता लगता है। इससे न केवल वर्तमान अपितु भूत और भविष्य की भी रूप रेखा समझ में आ जाती है। वास्तव में समाचार-पत्र समाज के सभी वर्गों और जीवन के सभी क्षेत्रों के मार्गदर्शन और सच्चे संवाहक हैं। अतएव समाचार-पत्र की उपयोगिता नहीं भूलनी चाहिए।

आशा है मित्र. आप मेरे सझावानसार नियमित रूप से समाचार-पत्र पढकर लाभ उठाओगे। मेरी ओर से माताजी-पिताजी को सादर चरण-स्पर्श, लघु बन्धुओं को शुभाशीर्वाद।

तुम्हारा अभिन्न मित्र
राकेश

4. पिता को पत्र लिखिए, जिसमें 300 रुपये पुस्तकों में और अन्य खर्चे के लिए मनीऑर्डर द्वारा मँगाइए।
15 टी.टी. नगर
भोपाल
दिनांक : 15-1-200………
पूजनीय पिताजी,

सादर चरण-स्पर्शी,
मैं यहाँ सकुशल हूँ। आशा करता हूँ कि आप सब लोग सकुशल होंगे। आपके निर्देशों का मैं पूरी तरह पालन कर रहा हूँ। मेरा ध्यान ठीक चल रहा है। मेरी छ:माही परीक्षाएँ 15 दिसम्बर से हो रही हैं। मुझे कुछ पुस्तकें और स्टेशनरी आदि खरीदनी हैं। पढ़ाई के लिए मैं एक छोटा टेबिल लैंप भी लेना चाहता हूँ। इन सबके लिए लगभग 300 रुपये की आवश्यकता पड़ेगी। अतः कृपया उक्त धनराशि यथाशीघ्र मनीऑर्डर.. द्वारा भेजने का कष्ट करिएगा।

शेष कुशल है। मधु को प्यार और माताजी को चरण-स्पर्श।

आपका आज्ञाकारी पुत्र
अमित

5. वार्षिक परीक्षा में प्रथम श्रेणी में उत्तीर्ण होने पर एक बधाई-पत्र अपने मित्र को लिखिए।
नेहरू. नगर
विलासपुर
26-7-200…

प्रिय मित्र आलोक,
आज माध्यमिक शिक्षा मण्डल भोपाल द्वारा प्रकाशित कक्षा IX के परीक्षा परिणाम में तुम्हारा प्रथम श्रेणी में अनुक्रमांक व नाम देखकर हृदय को बड़ी प्रसन्नता हुई। मेरे माता-पिता भी तुम्हारी सफलता पर बहुत प्रसन्न हैं। यह वास्तव में तुम्हारे कठिन परिश्रम का फल है। तुम्हारी सफलता हम सबके लिए गौरव की बात है। मित्र मैं तुम्हें घर पर आकर बधाई देता। किंतु व्यस्तता के कारण तुम तक पहुँच नहीं पा रहा हूँ। इसलिए पत्र द्वारा मैं तुम्हें हार्दिक बधाई भेज रहा हूँ। बधाई स्वीकार करें। कभी घर पर आकर तुमसे मिठाई खाऊँगा। शेष कुशल है।

तुम्हारा अभिन्न मित्र
‘उमेश’

6. जन्मदिवस समारोह में सम्मिलित होने के लिए अपने मित्र को आमंत्रण पत्र लिखिए।
17/15 तिलक नगर:
ग्वालियर
4 फरवरी, 200…..

प्रिय मोहन,
तुम्हें यह जानकर प्रसन्नता होगी कि मैं दिनांक 6 फरवरी को अपना जन्मदिवस मना रहा हूँ। घर में इसके लिए अच्छी तैयारियाँ की गई हैं। इस अवसर पर चाय तथा संगीत पार्टी का भी आयोजन किया गया है। गत वर्ष तुम इस अवसर पर बीमार होने के कारण नहीं आ सके परंतु इस बार अवश्य आना। तुम्हारे बिना पार्टी का रंग फीका पड़ जाएगा। आशा है तुम समय से पूर्व आकर काम में भी हाथ बँटाओगे।

पूज्य पिताजी और माताजी को मेरा प्रणाम कहना।

तुम्हारा अभिन्न मित्र
रविन्द्र सिंह

औपचारिक पत्र

1. अपने विद्यालय के प्राचार्य को निर्धन छात्र को पुस्तकालय से पुस्तकें प्रदान करने विषयक प्रार्थना पत्र लिखिए। सेवा में,
प्राचार्य
राजकीय उच्चतर माध्यमिक विद्यालय
इन्दौर (म.प्र.)

महोदय,
सविनय निवेदन है कि प्रार्थी आपके विद्यालय की कक्षा 9वीं ‘द’ का एक छात्र प्रतिनिधि है। प्रार्थी की कक्षा का एक छात्र ‘रमेश’ जिसका अनुक्रमांक 30 है। यह छात्र अत्यंत निर्धन है। यह अनाथ है। जिस किसी तरह से हिम्मत बाँधकर यह अपनी ‘पढ़ाई कर रहा है। पढ़ने में तेज है। यह पुस्तकें खरीदने में असमर्थ है। अतः इसे पुस्तकालय से पुस्तकें दिलवाने की कृपा करें।

आपका आज्ञाकारी छात्र
सुरेश
कक्षा 9वीं ‘द’
अनुक्रमांक 23

दिनांक 22-5-200…

2. अवकाश स्वीकृति हेतु प्राचार्य को प्रार्थना-पत्र।
सेवा में,
प्राचार्य
राजकीय उच्चतर माध्यमिक विद्यालय
इंदौर (म.प्र.)

महोदय,
सविनय निवेदन है कि मैं आपके विद्यालय की कक्षा 9वीं ‘स’ का छात्र हूँ। मेरा अनुक्रमांक 23 है, दिनांक 13.5.2004 से मैं मलेरिया-ज्वर से अधिक पीड़ित हूँ। इस कारण मैं विद्यालय आने में असमर्थ हूँ। चिकित्सक के अनुसार मुझे 13-5-2004 से लेकर 16.5.2004 तक स्वस्थ तक स्वस्थ होने में समय लगेगा। अतः आप इतने दिनों तक मुझे अवकाश देने की कृपा करें। सधन्यवाद

आपका आज्ञाकारी छात्र
सुमन
कक्षा 9वीं ‘स’
अनुक्रमांक 23

दिनांक 13.5.2004

3. अपने विद्यालय के प्राचार्य को दो दिन का बीमारी के कारण अवकाश देने के लिए प्रार्थना पत्र लिखिए।
सेवा में,
श्रीमान प्राचार्य महोदय,
शासकीय सुभाष उ.मा.वि.
शिवाजी नगर, भोपाल

महोदय,
निवेदन है कि गत रात्रि से मैं सर्दी और बुखार से पीड़ित हूँ। डॉक्टर ने मुझे दो दिन पूर्ण विश्राम के लिए सलाह दी है। अतः मैं दो दिन विद्यालय में उपस्थित नहीं हो सकूँगा। कृपया दिनांक 8 एवं 9 अगस्त का अवकाश स्वीकृत करने का कष्ट करें।

धन्यवाद!

आपका आज्ञाकारी शिष्य
परसराम पाण्डेय,
कक्षा 9-ब

8-12-2004

4. शाला (विद्यालय छोड़ने का प्रमाण-पत्र प्राप्त करने हेतु प्राचार्य महोदय को एक प्रार्थना-पत्र लिखिए।
विषय-शाला (विद्यालय) छोड़ने का प्रमाण-पत्र हेतु प्राचार्य को प्रार्थना-पत्र।
सेवा में,
प्राचार्य
राजकीय उच्चतर माध्यमिक विद्यालय,
भोपाल (म.प्र.)

सविनय निवेदन है कि प्रार्थी आपके विद्यालय की कक्षा 9वीं ‘अ’ अनुक्रमांक 11 का भूतपूर्व छात्र है। प्रार्थी ने आपके विद्यालय से उपर्युक्त कक्षा को द्वितीय श्रेणी से उत्तीर्ण करके अध्ययन छोड़ दिया है जिसके प्रमाण-पत्र की आज अत्यंत आवश्यकता आ गई है। अतः आपसे प्रार्थना है कि आप उपर्युक्त प्रमाण-पत्र देने की कृपा करें।

प्रार्थी
सुरेन्द्र कुमार
कक्षा 9 ‘अ’
अनुक्रमांक 11

दिनांक 4-4-2002

5. शिक्षक पद हेतु एक आवेदन-पत्र संचालक शिक्षा विभाग के नाम लिखिए।
श्रीमान् संयुक्त संचालक महोदय,
शिक्षा विभाग
संभाग ग्वालियर (म.प्र.)
दिनांक 15-10-200……..
सेवा में,

विषय-शिक्षक पद पर नियुक्ति हेतु आवेदन-पत्र।

महोदय,
सेवा में सविनय निवेदन है कि प्रार्थी को दैनिक-पत्र आचरण व स्वदेश में प्रकाशित एक विज्ञापन से ज्ञात हुआ है कि आपके अधीनस्थ ग्रामीण अंचलों के प्राथमिक एवं माध्यमिक विद्यालयों में शिक्षकों के पद रिक्त हैं। अतः माध्यमिक विद्यालय हेतु शिक्षक पद पर नियुक्ति के लिए मैं अपना आवेदन-पत्र कर रहा हूँ। अतः आपसे अनुरोध है कि मेरी निम्नलिखित योग्यताओं को देखते हुए आप मेरी नियुक्ति शिक्षक पद पर करने की कृपा करें।
मेरी शैक्षणिक योग्यता का विवरण इस प्रकार है-
(1) शैक्षणिक योग्यता-बी.एस.सी.-द्वितीय श्रेणी
(2) प्रशिक्षण योग्यता-बी.एड.-द्वितीय श्रेणी
(3) हायर सेकेण्ड्री परीक्षा-प्रथम श्रेणी उत्तीर्ण
(4) अन्य योग्यता-हॉकी व क्रिकेट खेल में विशेष रुचि
(5) प्रार्थी की जन्मतिथि एवं चरित्र का प्रमाण-पत्र प्रार्थना-पत्र के साथ संलग्न है। अतः श्रीमान् से पुनः निवेदन है कि प्रार्थी को विभाग में सेवा का अवसर प्रदान करें।

पता- प्रार्थी
दर्पण कॉलोनी ठाठीपुर मुरार। कमल किशोर अष्ठाना

6. पाठ्य-पुस्तक निगम भोपाल से निर्धारित पाठ्य पुस्तकें मँगवाने हेतु एक पत्र संचालक के नाम लिखिए।
सुभाष उच्चतर माध्यमिक विद्यालय
रतलाम
दिनांक 7-7-200

श्रीमान् संचालक महोदय,
पाठ्य-पुस्तक महोदय,
भोपाल (म.प्र.)

महोदय,
सेवा में निवेदन है कि पाठ्य-पुस्तक निगम भोपाल (म.प्र.) द्वारा प्रकाशित कक्षा 9 की पुस्तकें हैं हमारे नगर के पुस्तक विक्रेताओं के पास उपलब्ध नहीं हैं। जिन दुकानों पर कुछ पुस्तकें हैं वे दुकानदार अधिक मूल्य पर पुस्तकें बेचना चाहते हैं। अतः आपसे निवेदन है कि निम्नलिखित विषयों की पुस्तकें शासकीय दर पर कमीशन काट कर भेजने की कृपा करें।

(1) विशिष्ट हिंदी – कक्षा XI – 1 प्रति
(2) विशिष्ट अंग्रेजी – कक्षा IX – 1 प्रति
(3) गणित – कक्षा IX – 1 प्रति
(4) भौतिक शास्त्र – कक्षा IX – 1 प्रति
(5) रसायन शास्त्र – कक्षा IX – 1 प्रति

भवदीय
अशोक कुमार गौड़

MP Board Class 10th Hindi Solutions

MP Board Class 8th Hindi Bhasha Bharti Solutions Chapter 13 न यह समझो कि हिन्दुस्तान की तलवार सोई है (Na Yeh Samjho Ki Hindustan Ki Talwar Soi Hai)

न यह समझो कि हिन्दुस्तान की तलवार सोई है पाठ का अभ्यास

न यह समझो कि हिन्दुस्तान की तलवार सोई है बोध प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों के अर्थ शब्दकोश से खोजकर लिखिए
उत्तर
दहलती = थरांती, डर के मारी काँपती; विसर्जन = त्याग करके, छोड़ करके; संवत्सर = वर्ष, सम्वतः कर हाथ; लहू = खून; नारीत्व – स्त्री की शक्ति, नारीपन; लोलुप = लालची, तेग = बड़ी तलवार, सिहरती = रोमांचित; रण= युद्ध; मुक्ति = आजादी; हुंकार = गर्जना; पुरुषत्व = पुरुष की शक्ति; चरणाघात = पैरों की चोट; क्षार = राख; रण बाँकुरी = युद्ध करने में बहुत ही तेज।

प्रश्न 2.
निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर संक्षेप में लिखिए
(क) किस भारतीय की वीरता को सुनकर सिकन्दर की छाती दहलती थी?
उत्तर
राजा पुरु की वीरता को सुनकर सिकन्दर की छाती दहलती थी।

(ख) नव संवत्सर किस राजा ने प्रारम्भ किया था ?
उत्तर
महाराज विक्रमादित्य ने नव संवत्सर प्रारम्भ किया था।

(ग) शिवाजी ने किसके विरुद्ध तलवार उठाई थी?
उत्तर
शिवाजी ने मुगल शासक औरंगजेब के विरुद्ध अपनी तलवार उठाई थी।

(घ) विश्व को शान्ति का सन्देश देने वाले किन्हीं दो महापुरुषों के नाम बताइए।
उत्तर
विश्व को शान्ति का सन्देश देने वाले दो महापुरुष स्वामी विवेकानन्द और पं. जवाहरलाल नेहरू थे।

(ङ) सिकन्दर कौन था ?
उत्तर
सिकन्दर यूनान के सिकन्दरिया का रहने वाला लुटेरा शासक था।

प्रश्न 3.
निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर विस्तार से लिखिए
(क) ‘तलवार सोई है’ से क्या आशय है?
उत्तर
‘तलवार सोई है’ इस कविता से यह आशय है कि देश के वीर सैनिकों ने अपनी उस तलवार को उठाकर रख दिया है, जिसे वे हिन्दुस्तान की शान, वान और मान की रक्षा के लिए हर समय उठाये रहते थे। क्या वह तलवार वास्तव में सो गई है? ऐसा नहीं है। भारत के वीर सपूतों की तलवार ने सदा ही शत्रु आक्रमणकर्ताओं का मुकाबला किया है और उन्हें भयभीत करके देश की सीमाओं से बाहर खदेड़ दिया है। सिकन्दर और बाबर दोनों ही हमारे देश पर आक्रमण करने वाले विदेशी लुटेरे थे। वीर हिन्दुस्तानी सैनिकों के रणकौशल से भयभीत होकर वे उल्टे पैर लौट पड़े। भारतीय युद्धवीरों की तलवार की आवाज से-शत्रुओं की फौजें बिखर जाती थी, अर्थात् युद्ध छोड़कर लौट पड़ती थी। वे शत्रु भय से रोमांचित होकर पीठ दिखा जाते थे। – ऐसे उन भारतीय वीरों की तलवार कभी भी सोई हुई नहीं रही है।

(ख) हर्ष इतिहास में क्यों प्रसिद्ध है ?
उत्तर
हर्षवर्द्धन ने हिन्दुस्तान की सीमाओं को सुरक्षित किया। विदेशी आक्रमणकर्ताओं-हूण, शक आदि आक्रान्ताओं को वहाँ से खदेड़ दिया। देश की प्रतिरक्षा शक्ति को बढ़ाया और मजबूत सैनिक बल के हौसले बुलन्द किए। प्रजा पर विश्वास जमाया। देश के अन्दर शिक्षा, उद्योगों और कृषि को उन्नत बनाया। शिक्षा केन्द्रों को सहायता दी। देश में आम लोगों के सुख-समृद्धि की ओर ध्यान दिया। वे प्रति पाँचवें वर्ष प्रयोग में गंगा संगम पर अपना सर्वस्व (पूरा खजाना) विद्वानों, भिक्षुकों, गुरु-आश्रमों को दान कर जाते थे। वे बौद्ध मत में दीक्षा प्राप्त करके अहिंसा का पालन करते थे। प्रजा से कर के रूप में बहुत कम धन लेकर, उसकी कई गुना वृद्धि करके राज्य के कल्याण में सारा धन लगा देते थे। अपने महान् कार्यों के लिए हर्ष प्रसिद्ध थे।

(ग) यदि किसी ने हमारी स्वतन्त्रता छीनने का प्रयास किया, तो हम क्या करेंगे?
उत्तर
भारतवर्ष एक महान् और विस्तृत गणतन्त्र राष्ट्र है। प्रभुसत्ता सम्पन्न देश अपनी चारों ओर की सीमाओं की रक्षा बड़ी तत्परता से कर रहा है। सीमा सुरक्षा बलों की अकुत शक्ति पर देश के प्रत्येक नागरिक को पूर्ण भरोसा है। वे किसी भी दशा में विदेशी शत्रुओं के द्वारा किए आक्रमण को असफल करने में पूर्णत: सक्षम हैं।

वैसे हम शान्ति के दूत और अहिंसा के पुजारी हैं। हम दूसरे देश की मान-मर्यादा पर आक्रमण करने वाले नहीं रहे हैं, परन्तु यदि किसी ने भी (किसी भी शत्रु ने देश ने) हमारी आजादी को ललकारा अथवा हमारे राष्ट्र की सीमाओं को तोड़ा अथवा अपनी कुदृष्टि से देश को आघात पहुँचाया तो हमारे रणबांकुरे वीर सैनिक हुँकार भर उठेंगे। उस आक्रमणकारी शत्रु को सब प्रकार से नष्ट करके खदेड़ देंगे, देश के सम्मान की रक्षा के लिए भयंकर युद्ध करेंगे। देश की स्वतन्त्रता की रक्षा के लिए हम प्रलय ढा देंगे।

(घ) ‘चित्तौड़ का जौहर’ क्यों प्रसिद्ध है?
उत्तर
चित्तौड़ का जौहर इस बात के लिए प्रसिद्ध है कि युद्ध में वीर भारतीय रणबांकुरों ने देश की रक्षा में अपने प्राणों की आहुति दे दी। जब वे शत्रु का मुकाबला अपने प्राणों की आहुति देकर भी किया करते थे, तब उनके इस महान् बलिदान की खबर पाकर राजपूत स्त्रियाँ भी शत्रुओं से अपनी लाज बचाने के लिए जलती हुई आग में सामूहिक रूप से कूदकर स्वयं को जला देती थीं। यह एक ऐतिहासिक सच्चाई है। उन राजपूत वीर क्षत्राणियों के लोमहर्षक इस महाबलिदान की परम्परा कई वर्षों तक जीवित रही।

(ङ) इस कविता से हमें क्या सन्देश मिलता है?
उत्तर
इस कविता से यह सन्देश मिलता है कि भारतीय – वीर सैनिक प्रतिपल देश की सीमाओं, आजादी तथा उसके
सम्मान की रक्षा के लिए तैयार हैं। हर्षवर्द्धन का त्याग और वीरता, विक्रमादित्य का शिक्षा-प्रेम और भारतीय संस्कृति के विकास की स्मृति हमें सन्देश देती है कि हमें सदैव ही अपनी सांस्कृतिक विरासत को सम्पन्न बनाकर उसकी रक्षा करनी है। देश के ऊपर विदेशी आक्रान्ताओं से अन्तिम श्वास तक लड़ते – हुए अपनी आजादी की रक्षा का सन्देश प्राप्त होता है। स्त्री और पुरुष दोनों ने ही देश के लिए अपने प्राणों का त्याग किया है। हम युद्ध प्रिय नहीं हैं लेकिन प्रिय राष्ट्र की रक्षा के लिए महान् से महान् त्याग करने से पीछे नहीं हटते। हम भारतीयों ने कभी भी विस्तारवादी नीति नहीं अपनाई है। दूसरे देशों पर आक्रमण नहीं किया है लेकिन जिस किसी ने भी देश की आजादी, उसकी सीमाओं को कुचला तो हम उसको मुँहतोड़ उत्तर देंगे।

प्रश्न 4. निम्नलिखित पंक्तियों का सन्दर्भ सहित अर्थ लिखिए
(क) लहू देंगे मगर इस देश की माटी नहीं देंगे।
किसी लोलुप नजर ने यदि हमारी मुक्ति को देखा,
उठेगी तब प्रलय की आग जिस पर क्षार सोई है।

(ख) किया संग्राम अन्तिम श्वास तक राणा प्रतापी ने,
किया था नाम पर जिसके कभी चित्तौड़ ने जौहर,
न यह समझो कि धमनी में लहू की धार सोई है।
उत्तर
भारत देश के हम नागरिकों ने अपने देश की – सीमा को विस्तृत करना कभी नहीं चाहा है। साथ ही, हमने किसी अन्य देश की धन सम्पत्ति पर भी अपना कब्जा जमाने की इच्छा नहीं की है, लेकिन बिना किसी चूक के यह बात करने से नहीं रुकेंगे तथा कभी रुके भी नहीं हैं कि हम खून दे सकते हैं. लेकिन अपने प्रिय राष्ट्र (भारत) की जमीन का एक टुकड़ा भी नहीं देंगे। यदि किसी लालच भरी दृष्टि वाले देश ने इस पर आक्रमण करने की अथवा हमारे देश की आजादी को कुचलने , की कोशिश की भी तो तत्काल ही विनाश की आग फूट पड़ेगी ‘यद्यपि युद्ध की आग राख के अन्दर छिपी हो सकती है। कहने ‘ का तात्पर्य यह है कि हमारे अपने प्रिय देश पर किसी लालची दृष्टि वाले शत्रु-देश ने आक्रमण करने की कुचेष्टा की तो उस समय विनाश लीला की अग चारों ओर फैल जायेगी यद्यपि हम युद्ध नहीं चाहते। हम तो सदैव से शान्ति दूत रहे हैं।

यह हिन्दुस्तान वह देश है जिसके अंश से ही महाराज हर्षवर्द्धन और विक्रमादित्य ने जन्म लिया था। आज तक बीते हुए वर्षों से क्रमश: इसकी प्रशंसा के गीत गाये जाते रहे हैं। हिन्दुस्तान के नाम पर ही अर्थात् हिन्दुस्तान की लज्जा बचाने के लिए ही महाराज शिवाजी ने अपनी तलवार खींच ली थी अर्थात् युद्ध करके हिन्दुस्तान के गौरव की रक्षा की थी। इसके लिए ही मेवाड़ के राणा प्रताप ने भी अन्तिम श्वास तक (मृत्यु पर्यन्त) भीषण युद्ध किया था तथा चित्तौड़ ने भी हिन्दुस्तान के नाम पर जौहर की परम्परा चलाई थी। हे शत्रुओ ! तुम्हें भी यह नहीं समझ लेना चाहिए कि भारतवर्ष के वीरों की धमनियों के अन्दर बहने वाली रक्त (लहू) की धारा सो गई है।

प्रश्न 5.
निम्नलिखित पंक्तियों का आशय समझाइए
(अ) हुई नीली कि जिसकी चोट से आकाश की छाती।
(आ) रहे इंसान चुप कैसे कि चरणाघात सहकर जब ।
(इ) न सीमा का हमारे देश ने विस्तार चाहा है।
(ई) न यह समझो कि हिन्दुस्तान की तलवार सोई है।
उत्तर
कवि कहता है कि हिन्दुस्तान की तेज तलवार सो गई है। ऐसा किसी भी शत्रु को नहीं समझ लेना चाहिए। तलवार से युद्ध करने में चतुर योद्धाओं की कहानी सुनकर सिकन्दर की छाती (दिल) भी डर से काँप उठती थी। उस तलवार से किए जाने वाले युद्ध की भयंकरता के विषय में सुनते ही बाबर के हाथों से उसकी तलवार छूट कर गिर पड़ती थी। भारतीय योद्धाओं की तलवार के कठोर प्रहारों के विषय में सुनकर शत्रुओं की सेना भी तितर-बितर हो जाती थी और भय से रोमांचित हो उठती थी। त्याग की शरण लेने वाली डूबती नौकाएँ भी उद्धार प्राप्त कर लेती थीं। अर्थात् युद्ध करना छोड़ करके शरण में आए हुए शत्रु की डूबती नैया उद्धार प्राप्त कर लेती थी। हिन्दुस्तानी वीर रण-बांकुरों की तेज तलवार की चोटों से आकाश की छाती भी नीली पड़ी हुई है। किसी को भी यह न समझ लेना चाहिए कि युद्ध में हिन्दुस्तानी वीर सैनिकों की हुँकार (गर्जना) सो चुकी है।

कवि यह बताते चलते हैं कि हम हिन्दुस्तानियों ने ही सदैव संसार को शान्ति का सन्देश दिया है तथा अहिंसा का उपदेश देकर मन, कर्म और वचन से सत्य का आचरण करने के लिए पूरे संसार को सलाह दी है। इसका यह अर्थ नहीं लगा लेना चाहिए कि हम अहिंसा का आचरण अपनाकर वीरता का त्याग कर देंगे और कायर बन जायेंगे और इसका यह अर्थ भी नहीं लगा लेना चाहिए कि हम नारीपन (स्त्रीत्व) के लिए किए गये अपमान को सह लेंगे। हमें यह भी ध्यान रखना चाहिए कि धरती पर पैरों के नीचे दबी कुचली धूल भी पैरों की ठोकर खाने पर आकाश में उमड़कर चारों ओर छा जाती है। वह (स्त्री रूपी धूल) किसी वजह से अपनी लाचारी की दशा में अपनी शक्ति को पहचानती नहीं रही है। यह उसकी सुप्त अवस्था थी, अज्ञानता थी, उसकी अशिक्षा थी।

भारत देश के हम नागरिकों ने अपने देश की – सीमा को विस्तृत करना कभी नहीं चाहा है। साथ ही, हमने किसी अन्य देश की धन सम्पत्ति पर भी अपना कब्जा जमाने की इच्छा नहीं की है, लेकिन बिना किसी चूक के यह बात करने से नहीं रुकेंगे तथा कभी रुके भी नहीं हैं कि हम खून दे सकते हैं. लेकिन अपने प्रिय राष्ट्र (भारत) की जमीन का एक टुकड़ा भी नहीं देंगे। यदि किसी लालच भरी दृष्टि वाले देश ने इस पर आक्रमण करने की अथवा हमारे देश की आजादी को कुचलने , की कोशिश की भी तो तत्काल ही विनाश की आग फूट पड़ेगी ‘यद्यपि युद्ध की आग राख के अन्दर छिपी हो सकती है। कहने ‘ का तात्पर्य यह है कि हमारे अपने प्रिय देश पर किसी लालची दृष्टि वाले शत्रु-देश ने आक्रमण करने की कुचेष्टा की तो उस समय विनाश लीला की अग चारों ओर फैल जायेगी यद्यपि हम युद्ध नहीं चाहते। हम तो सदैव से शान्ति दूत रहे हैं।

न यह समझो कि हिन्दुस्तान की तलवार सोई है भाषा-अध्ययन

प्रश्न 1.
इस कविता से पाँच आगत शब्द छाँटकर उनके हिन्दी शब्द लिखिए।
उत्तर
आगत शब्द-फौजें, लहू, इंसान, लाचार, मगर। हिन्दी शब्द-सेनाएँ, रुधिर, मनुष्य, असहाय, यद्यपि।

प्रश्न 2.
निम्नलिखित (पाठ्यपुस्तक में दी गई) वर्ग पहेली से आकाश, रण और लहू के दो-दो पर्यायवाची शब्द लिखिए।
उत्तर

1. आकाश-नभ, व्योम।
2. रण-संग्राम, युद्ध।
3. लहू-रुधिर, रक्त।

प्रश्न 3.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों के वाक्य प्रयोग, उनके विलोम शब्दों के साथ लिखिए
अहिंसा, अर्थ, शान्ति, आग।
उत्तर

1. अहिंसा का भाव हिंसा से स्पष्ट हो जाता है।
2. अर्थ और अनर्थ दो विरोधी शब्द हैं।
3. शान्ति की स्थापना अशान्ति के बाद होती है।
4. आग को पानी से बुझा दिया जाता है।

प्रश्न 4.
नारी में ‘त्व’ प्रत्यय जोड़कर नारीत्व तथा पुरुष में ‘त्व’ प्रत्यय जोड़कर पुरुषत्व बना है। इसी प्रकार तीन और शब्द बनाइए।
उत्तर

1. सती + त्व = सतीत्व
2. मनुष्य + त्व = मनुष्यत्व
3. देव + त्व = देवत्व।

प्रश्न 5.
इस पाठ में तुकान्त स्थिति समझकर तुक मिलाने वाले शब्द छाँटकर लिखिए।
उत्तर

1. छाती सिकन्दर की, तेग बाबर की
2. सिहरती थी, उभरती थी।
3. हर्ष और विक्रम, संवत्सरों का क्रम।
4. शिवाजी ने, राणा प्रतापी ने।
5. जग को, जग को, विस्तार चाहा है, अधिकार चाहा है।
6. न चूकेंगे, नहीं देंगे।

प्रश्न 6.
“न यह समझो कि हिन्दुस्तान की तलवार सोई है” कविता में कौन-सा रस है ? नाम लिखकर स्थायी भाव भी लिखिए।
उत्तर
“न यह समझो कि हिन्दुस्तान की तलवार सोई है”, = इस कविता में वीर रस है। वीर रस का स्थायी भाव ‘उत्साह’ होता है।

न यह समझो कि हिन्दुस्तान की तलवार सोई है सम्पूर्ण पद्यांशों की व्याख्या

(1) न यह समझो कि हिन्दुस्तान की तलवार सोई है।
जिसे सुनकर दहलती थी कभी छाती सिकंदर की,
जिसे सुनकर कि कर से छूटती थी तेग बाबर की,
जिसे सुन शत्रु की फौजें बिखरती थीं, सिहरती थीं,
विसर्जन का शरण ले डूबती नावें उभरती थीं।
हुई नीली कि उसकी चोट से आकाश की छाती,
न यह समझो कि अब रण बाँकुरी हुँकार सोई है।
न यह …………… “

शब्दार्थ-सोई है नींद में है; दहलती- थर्राती, डर के मारे काँपती; कर से = हानि से; तेग बड़ी तलवार; बिखरती थीं = तितर-बितर हो जाते थे, सिहरती थीं = भय से रोम खड़े हो जाते थे, रोमांचित होती; विसर्जन = त्याग देना, छेड़ देना; उभरती = जल से ऊपर आकर दीखती हुई, रणबाँकुरी = युद्ध करने में बहुत ही तेज; हुँकार = वीरता की ऊँची आवाज, गर्जना।

सन्दर्भ-प्रस्तुत पद्यांश हमारी पाठ्य-पुस्तक ‘ भाषा-भारती के पाठ ‘न यह समझो कि हिन्दुस्तान की तलवार सोई हैं से अवतरित है। इसके रचयिता रामकुमार चतुर्वेदी ‘चंचल हैं।

प्रसंग-इस पद्यांश में कवि ने भारतीय सैनिकों की वीरता और युद्ध करने की कला का वर्णन किया है।

व्याख्या-कवि कहता है कि हिन्दुस्तान की तेज तलवार सो गई है। ऐसा किसी भी शत्रु को नहीं समझ लेना चाहिए। तलवार से युद्ध करने में चतुर योद्धाओं की कहानी सुनकर सिकन्दर की छाती (दिल) भी डर से काँप उठती थी। उस तलवार से किए जाने वाले युद्ध की भयंकरता के विषय में सुनते ही बाबर के हाथों से उसकी तलवार छूट कर गिर पड़ती थी। भारतीय योद्धाओं की तलवार के कठोर प्रहारों के विषय में सुनकर शत्रुओं की सेना भी तितर-बितर हो जाती थी और भय से रोमांचित हो उठती थी। त्याग की शरण लेने वाली डूबती नौकाएँ भी उद्धार प्राप्त कर लेती थीं। अर्थात् युद्ध करना छोड़ करके शरण में आए हुए शत्रु की डूबती नैया उद्धार प्राप्त कर लेती थी। हिन्दुस्तानी वीर रण-बांकुरों की तेज तलवार की चोटों से आकाश की छाती भी नीली पड़ी हुई है। किसी को भी यह न समझ लेना चाहिए कि युद्ध में हिन्दुस्तानी वीर सैनिकों की हुँकार (गर्जना) सो चुकी है।

(2) कि जिसके अंश से पैदा हुए थे हर्ष और विक्रम,
कि जिसके गीत गाता आ रहा संवत्सरों का क्रम,
कि जिसके नाम पर तलवार खींची थी शिवाजी ने,
किया संग्राम अन्तिम श्वास तक राणा प्रतापी ने,
किया था नाम पर जिसके कभी चित्तौड़ ने जौहर,
च यह समझो कि धमनी में लहू की धार सोई है।
ने यह……”

शब्दार्थ-हर्ष = राजा हर्षवर्द्धन; विक्रम = विक्रमादित्य; संवत्सरों का क्रम = अनेक संवतों से (वर्षों से) लगातार; संग्राम = युद्ध; अन्तिम श्वास तक मरने तक राणा प्रतापीमहाराणा प्रताप; जौहर = आत्म सम्मान की रक्षा हेतु स्त्रियों द्वारा किया गया सामूहिक आत्मदाह (यह राजपूतों की एक परम्परा रही है); लहू = खून, रक्त।

सन्दर्भ-पूर्व की तरह। प्रसंग-पूर्व की तरह।

व्याख्या-यह हिन्दुस्तान वह देश है जिसके अंश से ही महाराज हर्षवर्द्धन और विक्रमादित्य ने जन्म लिया था। आज तक बीते हुए वर्षों से क्रमश: इसकी प्रशंसा के गीत गाये जाते रहे हैं। हिन्दुस्तान के नाम पर ही अर्थात् हिन्दुस्तान की लज्जा बचाने के लिए ही महाराज शिवाजी ने अपनी तलवार खींच ली थी अर्थात् युद्ध करके हिन्दुस्तान के गौरव की रक्षा की थी। इसके लिए ही मेवाड़ के राणा प्रताप ने भी अन्तिम श्वास तक (मृत्यु पर्यन्त) भीषण युद्ध किया था तथा चित्तौड़ ने भी हिन्दुस्तान के नाम पर जौहर की परम्परा चलाई थी। हे शत्रुओ ! तुम्हें भी यह नहीं समझ लेना चाहिए कि भारतवर्ष के वीरों की धमनियों के अन्दर बहने वाली रक्त (लहू) की धारा सो गई है।

(3) दिया है शान्ति का सन्देश ही हमने सदा जग को,
अहिंसा का दिया उपदेश भी हमने सदा जग को,
न इसका अर्थ हम पुरुषत्व का बलिदान कर देंगे।
न इसका अर्थ हम नारीत्व का अपमान सह लेंगे।
रहे इंसान चुप कैसे कि चरणाघात सहकर जब,
उमड़ उठती धरा पर धूल, जो लाचार सोई है।
न यह ……………..”

शब्दार्थ-जग को = संसार को; अहिंसा = मन, वचन और कर्म से किसी को भी चोट न पहुँचाना; नारीत्व = स्त्रीत्व; अपमान = बेइज्जती; इंसान- मनुष्य; चरणाघात = पैरों से पहुँचाई गई चोट को; लाचार = उपाय रहित, असहाय।

सन्दर्भ-पूर्व की तरह।

प्रसंग-कवि बताता है कि पद-दलित धूल भी अपनी लाचार दशा में आहत होकर भी जमीन से ऊपर उठती है।

व्याख्या-कवि यह बताते चलते हैं कि हम हिन्दुस्तानियों ने ही सदैव संसार को शान्ति का सन्देश दिया है तथा अहिंसा का उपदेश देकर मन, कर्म और वचन से सत्य का आचरण करने के लिए पूरे संसार को सलाह दी है। इसका यह अर्थ नहीं लगा लेना चाहिए कि हम अहिंसा का आचरण अपनाकर वीरता का त्याग कर देंगे और कायर बन जायेंगे और इसका यह अर्थ भी नहीं लगा लेना चाहिए कि हम नारीपन (स्त्रीत्व) के लिए किए गये अपमान को सह लेंगे। हमें यह भी ध्यान रखना चाहिए कि धरती पर पैरों के नीचे दबी कुचली धूल भी पैरों की ठोकर खाने पर आकाश में उमड़कर चारों ओर छा जाती है। वह (स्त्री रूपी धूल) किसी वजह से अपनी लाचारी की दशा में अपनी शक्ति को पहचानती नहीं रही है। यह उसकी सुप्त अवस्था थी, अज्ञानता थी, उसकी अशिक्षा थी।

(4) न सीमा का हमारे देश ने विस्तार चाहा है,
किसी के स्वर्ण पर हमने नहीं अधिकार चाहा है;
मगर यह बात कहने में न चूके हैं न चूकेंगे।
लहू देंगे मगर इस देश की माटी नहीं देंगे।
किसी लोलुप नजर ने यदि हमारी मुक्ति को देखा
उठेगी तब प्रलय की आग जिस पर क्षार सोई है।
न यह………..”

शब्दार्थ-विस्तार = बढ़ावा देना, विस्तृत करना; चाहा है = इच्छा की है; स्वर्ण = धन-दौलत; माटी = मिट्टी, जमीन ! का छोटा सा टुकड़ा भी; लोलुप – लोभी; नजर = दृष्टि; मुक्ति आजादी: प्रलय = नाश; क्षार = राख; सोई है छिपी हुई

सन्दर्भ-पूर्व की तरह।

प्रसंग-कवि ने बताया है कि हम जो भारत राष्ट्र के वासी हैं, उन्होंने कभी भी विस्तारवादी नीति को नहीं अपनाया है।

व्याख्या-भारत देश के हम नागरिकों ने अपने देश की – सीमा को विस्तृत करना कभी नहीं चाहा है। साथ ही, हमने किसी अन्य देश की धन सम्पत्ति पर भी अपना कब्जा जमाने की इच्छा नहीं की है, लेकिन बिना किसी चूक के यह बात करने से नहीं रुकेंगे तथा कभी रुके भी नहीं हैं कि हम खून दे सकते हैं. लेकिन अपने प्रिय राष्ट्र (भारत) की जमीन का एक टुकड़ा भी नहीं देंगे। यदि किसी लालच भरी दृष्टि वाले देश ने इस पर आक्रमण करने की अथवा हमारे देश की आजादी को कुचलने , की कोशिश की भी तो तत्काल ही विनाश की आग फूट पड़ेगी ‘यद्यपि युद्ध की आग राख के अन्दर छिपी हो सकती है। कहने ‘ का तात्पर्य यह है कि हमारे अपने प्रिय देश पर किसी लालची दृष्टि वाले शत्रु-देश ने आक्रमण करने की कुचेष्टा की तो उस समय विनाश लीला की अग चारों ओर फैल जायेगी यद्यपि हम युद्ध नहीं चाहते। हम तो सदैव से शान्ति दूत रहे हैं।

MP Board Class 8th Hindi Solutions

Are you seeking for the Madhya Pradesh Board Solutions 10th English Writing Skills Composition: Visual Stimulus Questions and Answers PDF? If yes, then read this entire page. Here, we are giving a direct link to download MP Board Class 10th English Solutions Questions and Answers PDF which contains the chapter wise questions, solutions, and grammar topics. You can also get the shortcuts to solve the grammar related questions on this page.

MP Board Class 10th Special English Composition: Visual Stimulus

For the sake of students we have gathered the complete 10th English Writing Skills Composition: Visual Stimulus Questions and Answers can provided in pdf Pattern. Refer the chapter wise MP Board Class 10th English Solutions Questions and Answers Topics and start the preparation. You can estimate the importance of each chapter, find important English grammar concepts which are having more weightage. Concentrate on the important grammar topics from Madhya Pradesh Board Solutions for 10th English Composition: Visual Stimulus Questions and Answers PDF, prepare well for the exam.

1. Look at the visual input given below and produce a story: (M.P. Board 2011)

Answer:
It was a hot summer day. A thirsty crow was wandering for water. It saw a pitcher. There was a little water in it. Crow was unable to drink water from it. Suddenly an idea struck in its mind. It took a pebble and dropped it in the pitcher. It saw the water level come up. Then it began putting pebbles in it. Very soon the water level came up. It drank water and quenched its thirst. So it said where there is a will there is a way.

2. Harish wants to make a speech at the assembly titled Patriotism and the Young on Independence Day. He notices the chart given below in the paper and decides to use it as the basis for his speech. Using the chart and your own ideas write out the speech in about 150-200 words.

Answer:
In the present day it has become imperative to make the young people of India realize the importance of being patriotic for acquiring political strength which was always keenly felt by the leaders of India’s national movement.

While the call for throwing out the British struck a responsive chord in every Indian heart, the significance of the campaign in favour of patriotism has seldom been fully appreciated. We should take pride in being Indians and value the unity in diversity that our culture possesses. When a foreign leader praises our country or an Indian wins an international award, are the times when our pride for our country should soar high. A wave of nationalist fervour should sweep our countrymen on hearing the National Anthem, while watching the National Flag being hoisted and while watching the Republic Day parade. The plant of patriotism which sprouted when India gained her independence, was the culmination of more than a century of sacrifices offered by numerous soldiers at the altar of national freedom. At present, when we hear or read about the sacrifices of these soldiers, our heart should be filled with gratitude for them.

Just as it is the moral duty of everyone to maintain and preserve good health, it is the bounden duty of our countrymen to develop the patriotism further so that they can exist in this violence-ridden world wTith self-respect and proudly proclaim, ‘We are Indians’.

3. ABC Bank, a private bank is celebrating its 10lh anniversary in Jaipur. A director of the company is requested to give a short speech on the bank’s service to the town. Study the information given, and together with your own ideas, write a speech stressing the importance of this public service and make some practical suggestions too. Write your speech in about 150-175 words.
Answer:
As a director of ABC Bank (Ltd.), I feel extremely privileged in reading out the achievements and services rendered by our bank during the last ten years in the historical and beautiful city of Jaipur.

We came to Jaipur with a dream ten years ago to build up a nationalised bank to cater to the needs of the people. “Customer satisfaction” has been our motto ever since. Today our bank is

regarded as one of the most prestigious banks of the city having 15 local branches all over Jaipur. Our bank has felicitated the growth and development of many small-scale industries by providing almost 60% of the total loan to them. We have also offered modest loans of 7% and 9% to housing and medkal aid respectively. In our move towards advancement we have not ignored even our rural sector and have provided farmers with 24% of the loans I feel our greatest achievement during these ten years has been our attitude of ‘service before self’ which is imbibed most naturally by each and every person associated with our bank. We have tremendous success by increasing the number of people who have their accounts in the various branches of our bank. To further enhance and strengthen our services, it is our proposal to fully computerise all the branches of our bank in the near future and to further propagate the idea that for us each of our customers is special in his own way.

With this I would like to conclude my speech by congratu-lating all the employees who have contributed greatly towards the development of our bank.

4. A Survey was conducted to find out how teenagers spend their free time. Following trends were observed. Using the data given in the pie-charts below together with your own ideas write an article for your school magazine on the topic “How do teenagers spend their free time?” Write your answers in about 150 words giving your own reasons and conclusions for the trends.
Answer:
How do Teenagers Spend their Free Time?
By: XYZ
With the changing times the priorities of all teenagers have .also changed. The revolutionisation of the modern times has made the teenagers of today aware of a greater number of options to spend their free time.

Recently a survey was conducted by a weekly magazine to determine. How do teenagers spend their free time? It clearly in-dicated that about 50% of the girls and 40% of the boys spend most of their time watching television programmes. These programmes include movies, songs and serials or the sports channels on television. Though there are also about 30% boys who spend their leisure in playing indoor and outdoor games, only 5% girls spend their time in playing these games. Reading comics and general knowledge books still holds good with almost 25% girls but barely 10% boys spend their time reading books. Talking to friends comes next on the teenagers’ priority list. 15% girls and about 10% boys spend time chatting with their peers. With so much to occupy their minds in their free time, pursuing a hobby has taken a complete back seat with the teenagers. Hardly 5% girls and 10% boys collect materials for their hobbies. Thus, we note a steady downward trend in the percentage of teenagers who now pursue a constructive recreational activity as they are more prone to indulge in options that are easily accessible to them.

5. Gauri sees the following scene as she looks out of her bedroom window. She is alarmed at the way hier city has changed in the past five years. She writes an article for his city newspaper expressing his alarm and painting the present position cautioning people against environmental pollution. Write the article in not more than 150-200 words.

Answer:
In this vast universe, the earth is so far the only planet to be endowed with an environment that can support the lifeform which we are familiar with. What sustains life on earth is a thin cover of air and water encasing the earth and known as the biosphere. Without that our planet would have been just another lifeless, desolate form spinning around in the musky depths of space.

But nature has been suffering due to the thoughtlessness of mankind. The air we breathe, the water we drink, the two main ingredients that sustain life, have been polluted. The air that we inhale is polluted due to the smoke emitted by vehicles and chimneys of industries, indiscriminate felling of trees and over-population. Water becomes contaminated due to a variety of pollutants. Waterborne diseases have always posed a threat to mankind. The use of loudspeakers on various functions and occasions causes noise- pollution. The garbage that lies here and there on the roads is also polluting our environment at a dreadfully fast pace.

It is a serious concern today for environmental scientists and enlightened statesmen all over the world regarding man’s misuse and abuse of nature and his deliberate demaging activities to the environment under the guise of modernisation, automation and scientific or technological progress. If we do not undertake ways and means to check environmental pollution, it will gradually lead to our doom, for the day might come Soon when nature might be in no mood to stand any more abuses and excesses at the hands of humanity.

6. You are Anand/Anandi. Write a speech to be delivered at the morning assembly in your school about the increase in violence and social unrest in your area, interpreting the data given below. Also give suggestions to curb them. Write your answer in about 150-200 words.

Answer:
It is indeed unfortunate that there is a visible increase in the cases of violence and social unrest in our area in the past few years. Some antisocial elements are working very hard and have as good as succeeded in disturbing the peace and harmony of our area.

No longer do the people of our area feel a sense of security while walking on the roads and there is constant fear in the minds of the people that some unnecessary violence may crop up anywhere. A data study shows a constant and steady rise in the number of cases of violence during the last six years. In the year 1992-93 the number of cases of violence was ten and these cases have gone up by almost four times during the last 5-6 years. If effective and concrete steps are not taken up by the police and local authorities to curb the cases of violence, our area will surely end up as being declared as one of the most troubled areas of the city where it will become almost impossible for the common man to even exist peacefully.

The antisocial elements, who are bent upon disturbing the peace of our area, should be dealt with very strictly so that just thinking about the severity of the penalty for causing social unrest should make them feel scared constantly. Each and every one of us should also make an effort to voice our protest against the increase in social unrest more loudly and emphatically and ensure that our complaints are seriously dealt with by the concerned authorities so that our lives can be more secure and peaceful.

So, the need of the time is to collectively stand up against the increase in violent activities so that we can make our area a better place to live in without having to fear constantly about the next. hour.

7. You aie Varun/Aruna. Write a speech to be delivered at the morning assembly of your school about the increase in road accidents in your city, using the following data. Also give suggestions to curb them. Write your answer in about 150200 words.

Answer:
We at our school have decided to observe the Road Safety Week by making students aware about the hazards and dangers they face while walking on the road. It is extremely important to keep in mind and follow the traffic rules while one is on the road considering that there has been a constant and steady rise in the number of road accidents in our city.

It is indeed unfortunate that due to the carelessness of pedestrians and drivers alike, there has been an increase in the road accidents in our city. The number of road accidents has gone up hy more than 100% in the past four years. A data study shows that while there were 50 cases of road accidents in the year 1995, the number went up to 110 in the year 1996 and after a gradual steady rise, in the year 1999 the number of road accidents went up to as many as 205. Let us not forget that life is precious and it should not be lost due to sheer carelessness. We must always remember that traffic rules are made keeping in mind the safety of the people and so it becomes our duty to observe these rules. The result of rash and negligent driving is always dangerous. So one should always practise patience and restraint while driving. Likewise while walking on the road, pedestrians should be alert and vigilant so as to avoid any untoward incident.

Only if each and every one of us makes a combined and collective effort can we possibly lessen road accidents and make our city a safe place to walk in.

8. Based on the cartoon given below and your own ideas, write a letter to the Editor of a newspaper on the need to educate people about keeping the environment clean. Write your letter in not more than 150 words.
Answer:
75 M.G. Road
New Delhi
The Editor
The Daily News, New Delhi
3 March, 20xx

Dear sir,

It is indeed unfortunate that people have adopted a very callous attitude towards the environment.

The air, that we breathe in, the water that we drink and our whole surroundings have become polluted. It is high time to do something useful to curb this situation. If each and every one of us, in our own little way, helps in keeping the environment clean, we will be leading cleaner and healthier lives. This awareness about cleansing the environment will also enable us to hand over to our future generations an environment where there will be less of pollution.

Unless we do not realise the need to keep the environment clean soon, it may be too late to repair the damage done.

Yours sincerely
XYZ

9. You come across the following advertisement for graduate stu-dents. Write a letter to the Editor of a local newspaper express-ing your views on the lack of job opportunities and counselling to the youth after class X.
Write the letter in your ariswer sheet in not more than 150 words.
Answer:
The Editor
‘Jaago Bharat’
New Delhi
10th March, 20xx

Sir,
I had the opportunity of going through the advertisement on page 3 of your 5th March 20xx issue regarding expert counselling to students who want to study in the USA. I thought I must write to you in the hope that through the medium of your esteemed news-paper I am able to bring to light a fact that is troubling me most.

It is most astonishing that we Indians are more concerned to impart counselling for foreign universities for graduates whereas our own Xth standard students lack not only the job opportunities but also the availability of a counselling centre for them after they pass out their Matric Examination. Our priority at present should be to try and help the students of Xth standard to choose proper career in the most formative years of their life. Times have greatly changed and life has become more complex. There is an infinite variety of jobs and vocations and hence a Xth standard student is confused as to what his next step should be. So, it is the duty of our society to assess the native intelligence of the child, develop and groom it and decide where it should be placed.

To successfully harness this concept may take time. So, let us seriously divert our attention on to the accomplishment of this target.

Yours sincerely,
XYZ

10. Sunil Surana is an active member of the Youth Wing of the SPCA (Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals). He saw the following scene on one of the roads. He decided to write a letter to the Editor of a newspaper, protesting against cruelty to animals. Using the’ information in the picture, together with your own ideas, write the letter in your answer sheet in not more than 175-200 words.

Answer:
13, Baira Road
Puri (Orissa)
The Editor,
The Bugle, Bhubaneshwar
2nd March, 20xx

Dear Sir,
I am an active member of the Youth Wing of the SPCA and am writing to you to protest against the cruelty to animals after I witnessed the most over-burdened bullock-cart on the road, the terrible weight of the burden almost making it impossible for the poor bull to even move. This is just an example. There are innumerable examples of cruelties against animals by Man.

Man has become so self-centred that to suit his own selfish means he does not mind inflicting any kind of unspeakable cruelty on animals. This cruelty may include over-burdening animals using the cane to make the animals perform to amuse the children, caging them, selling them or even slaughtering them. It is hard to believe that Man, in spite of being logical minded living being can treat animals so terribly. We should realize the wrong on our part and be humane towards all the animals. Even if each one of us decides to take one step in the positive direction, it will be a healthy sign.

I sincerely hope that through your esteemed newspaper, I am able to put forth to the readers the need for a change in our attitude towards animals. I must urge them that animals should not be taken for granted.

Your’s faithfully
Sunil Surana

11. Harish has to make a speech at the assembly on The Qualities Required for Success. He notices the chart given below in the paper and decides to use it as the basis for his speech. Using the chart arid your own ideas write the speech in about 150200 words.

Answer:
The present day generation is very conscious and highly aware of the qualities in life and the qualities required to attain success. Knowledge, by far, is regarded as the most important thing in life by the young people. Knowledge leads to excellence of the mind; it facilitates the creation of a critical, creative outlook, seeking the happiness of all and perfection where attainable. Love is regarded as another important virtue which enables one to win over people and value human relationships. The money factor is also important because it enables us to live a life of comfort, and be free from daily worries such as how to make both ends meet. Thirst for fame and hunger for power are also considered as essential ingredients in modern life without which it becomes almost difficult to fulfil our aims and ambitions.

If one is fortunate enough to follow and abide by these virtues which are considered important in our present life, one must not ignore the most essential factors that ensure success. It is an old saying that ‘hard work never goes waste’. So, one should never give up hard work. True talent and sincerity to work hard also help us to be successful. Relying solely on one’s luck is regarded as a sign of foolish behaviour because luck favours only those who think and work positively. Good contacts also help us to be successful but gone are the days when one needed only contacts to be successful. The most encouraging factor in the present day is that if one has the talent and the inclination to work hard, it is certain enough that slowly but surely success will definitely come one’s way and hindrances such as lack of money or contacts can very easily be overcome. The right approach to be successful is ‘To do as much as you can and then pray to God to fill in the blank.

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MP Board Class 11th Special English Vocabulary Exercises Important Questions

Question 1.
(a) State whether the following statements are ‘True’ or ‘False’:
(i) The poet praises his native land.
(ii) A person is happy in a foreign land.
(iii) A person who loves his country loses all his wealth.
(iv) There is no one on earth who does not love his motherland.
(v) A person who does not love his motherland dies unhonoured.
Answer :
(i) True,
(ii) False,
(iii) False,
(iv) True,
(v) True.

(b) Match the words in list ‘A’ with their antonyms in ‘B’:

Answer :
(i) (c),
(ii) (d),
(iii) (e),
(iv) (i),
(v) (g),
(vi) (a),
(vii) (b)

(c) The shortest route to Kanyakumari with the following details :
(a) Means of transport available,
(b) Total number of days required,
(c) Places he should visit during the tour.

Plan advertisement for a travel agency offering a tour package for a person living in Delhi. On the basis of the points mentioned above :
Answer :

Question. (a)
Complete each of following sentences given below with a word from the passage which is equivalent to the word or given the brackets :
(i) Tanmay.louting his thoughts on his school nicely. (described)
(ii) The boy opened the ………and looked outside. Casement (window)
(iii) There was a babydoll stretch of land behind his house. (covering a large area)
(iv) He sat at the window in a d………. mood. He Domain (in low spirit)
(v) The hen spread its wings over the …………. (young ones of a hen)
(vi) They ………………… into all the corners for the missing ring. (look with difficulty)
(vii) The moonlight had to ………… to get through the thick bushes. (make great efforts)
(viii) He……….. admired his motherland. (very passionately)
(ix) The desert …………… Out of the thick bushes impen (walk with quick steps)
(x) There was nothing in the field except a…..tree in the middle. (single, alone)
Answer :
(i) portrayed,
(ii) casement,
(iii) abroad,
(iv) desponding,
(v) chickens,
(vi) peer,
(vii) strive,
(viii) fervently,
(ix) trip,
(x) solitary.

(b) Explain the meanings of the following phrases and idiomatic expressions, and use them in sentences of your own :
(i) Over and over again,
(ii) After all,
(iii) Look in,
(iv) To and fro,
(v) Glide away,
(vi) At random,
(vii) Insight.
Answer :
(i) Over and over again : repeatedly : He attempted to meet the Prime Minister over and over again but failed.
(ii) After all : finally: After all he is my guardian.
(iii) Look in search : He is trying to look in the matter deeply to find the truth.
(iv). To and fro: backwards and forwards : The lady is rocking the baby to and fro.
(v) Glide away : feeling excited : As he got his mission easily, he is gliding away.
(vi) At random : without a particular aim or purposes : I happened to meet my old friend at random.
(vii) In sight : in view : There is nothing so remarkable in sight.
(c) In the followings each the word that does not mean the same thing as the basic word :

1. Injuction
(a) command
(b) order
(c) opening
(d) direction.

2. Dismay
(a) discourage
(b) dishearten
(c) depress
(d) expel.

3. Quench (M.P. 2012)
(a) satisfy
(b) shake
(c) slake
(d) satiate.
Answer :
1. (c) opening,
2. (d) expel,
3. (b) shake.

(d) Say whether the following statements are true or false :
(i) The moon describes the evenings to a painter.
(ii) On the first evening the moon was in the Indian sky.
(iii) A novelist is narrating the story.
(iv) The betrothed of the maid held a lamp in his hand.
(v) The maid shouted, “He lives!”
(vi) The maid did not pay attention to the snake.
(vii) The hon had ten chicks.
(viii) The hen was frightened by the girl’s father.
(ix) The moon looked through a hole in the hen – house.
(x) The moon kissed the little girl on the mouth and eyes.
Answer :
(i) True,
(ii) True,
(iii) False,
(iv) False,
(v) True,
(vi) True,
(vii) False,
(viii) True,
(ix) True,
(x) False.

(e) Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions :
(i) Ramesh was lying on… the sofa reading a book.
(ii) There was a big crowd …………… the railway crossing.
(iii) There is a temple ……… the top of the mountain.
(iv) The man standing.win the courtyard.
(v) I read about the rocket launchers….a magazine.
(vi) We saw the train arriving……….the platform.
(vii) His coat came down well…bebihis kness.
(viii) I am going ……………. Bhopal next week,
(ix) The mechanic is standing..neaul…the car.
(x) The bird is ……the cage.
Answer :
1. on,
2. at,
3. at,
4. in,
5. in,
6. at,
7. below,
8. to,
9. near,
10. in.

Question 3.
(a) Name the phrases :
1. someone who gets angry very easily short – tempered.
2. a very tolerant person broad – minded.
3. an intolerant person narrow – minded.
4. a person with a pleasant generous character good – natured.
5. a person treated with special favour blue – eyed.
6. a person who is confused muddle – headed.
7. someone who is willing to listen open – minded.
8. beliefs/feelings difficult to change deep – rooted.’ .
9. someone who does not behave well or politely ill – natured.
10. someone/something not modern old – fashioned.
11. someone full of strength and energy red – blooded.
12. a person who does not easily get upset by criticism thick – skinned.

(b) Choose the correct answer:
1. In temperament and outlook the writer’s parents were :
(i) similar.
(ii) Feverse.
(iii) alomost common.
(iv) alomost opposite.

2. How does the author describe his mother’s chin: ..
(i) as being attractive.
(ii) as being repulsive.
(iii) as being regular and prominent.
(iv) as being proportionatic to the upper part.

3. The author’s mother was intolerant of demonstrativeness :
(i) more than his father was.
(ii) as much as his father was.
(iii) as much as the writer was.
(iv) not even in the least.

4. The writer’s mother was :
(i) like all Indian mothers.
(ii) like a few Indian mothers.
(iii) like most Indian mothers.
(iv) unlike Indian mothers.

5. ‘Bad manners’s, according to the author’s mother, were:
(i) acceptable in children
(ii) against social behaviour and charity
(iii) tolerable to some extent.
(iv) not acceptable in high society.
Answer :
1. (ii) reverse
2. (iv) as being proportionate to the upper part
3. (iv) not even in the least.
4. (ii) like a few Indian mothers.
5. (ii) against social behaviour and charity.

(c) Given below are sentences with can, could, may and might. Find the modality expressed in each case and write it in your notebook :
1. He could fly an aeroplane when he was young.
2. I cannot speak Marathi fluently.
3. Take a shorter route so that we may be in time.
4. may you have a happy journey!
5. It is chilling cold, you may catch cold.
6. Look ! She might be your friend Rita.
7. The patient might have collapsed. Thank God, he survived the operation.
8. You can have all my books. Now I don’t need them.”
9. Can he be such a liar! I don’t believe.
10. I could have passed the exam. Last year. Unfortunately I fell ill.
Answer :
1. Past ability, not existing now.
2. Expressing impossibility.
3. Future possibility.
4. Expressing goodwill, blessing.
5. Future possibility.
6. Doubtful possibility.
7. Expressing goodwill blessing.
8. Permission to the subject.
9. Expressing disbelief.
10. Unreal past (non – fulfilment of an action)

(d) Given below are some idiomatic expressions with their meanings. Learn their meanings and use them in sentences of your own. (The first one is from the text of the lesson) :
1. wearing one’s heart on one’s sleeve – making known one’s feelings easily.
2. to have no heart – to have no capacity for feeling emotions.
3. To take heart – to have courage or enthusiasm.
4. change of heart – change o attitude towards something making more friendly.
5. heart of the matter – essence, innermost part of something.
6. at heart – in one’s innermost feeling.
7. to break a person’s heart – overwhelm à person with sorrow.
8. by heart – from memory.
9. give one’s heart to/lose one’s heart to – to fall in love.
10. not to have the heart to – to be insensitive.
11. take to hearts’ – be much affected by.
12. to one’s heart – content – as much as one wishes to have.
13. with all one’s heart – sincerely, with all goodwill.
14. heart – to – heart – intimate conversation, etc.
15. after one’s own heart – according to one’s desire or feeling.
16. heart burning – jealousy.
Answer :
1. It is not a good sing to wear one’s heart on one’s sleeve.
2. He had no heart to console the death of his friend’s mother.
3. Netaji took heart to challenge the great British Empire.
4. A sudden change of heart transformed the situation.
5. The heart of the matter is that today everything has turned to be a busi ness.
6. My mother is a high devotional at heart.
7. The student broken a teacher’s heart with bad performance.
8. I learnt my lessons by heart.
9. Don’t lose your heart to an undeserving person.
10. I have always suggested him not to have the heart to anyone.
11. I was taken to heart by my neighbour.
12. Everyone wants his son to be achieve the height of success of his heart’s content.
13. I have prepared for this exam. with all my heart.
14. Vajpayee held a heart to heart discussion with Mussaraf.
15. One can get success after one’s own heart by working hard.
16. My rise has always been a cause of heart burning for my neighbour.

Question. 4.
(a) For each of the words given below, find a word from the text that has the opposite meaning :
admirable, aggressor, construction, enemies, happiness, notice, overt, peace, permissible, repair.
Answer :

(b) Combine the following sentences using ‘therefore’:
1. The attendance in the class is poor.
It is raining.

2. Sweta is down with fever.
She has not come to school.

3. The captain has broken his finger while practicing:
He is not playing today.

4. Her father died and she had to take a job.
She could not complete her studies.

5. Mother is unwell today.
Sumer is cooking food in the kitchen.

6. Someone has broken the toy.
The child is crying.

7. She passed the examination.
She is very happy.

8. The teacher is on leave.
The children are making a lot of noice.

9. I am tired
I want to have some rest.

10. The dog is hungry.
It is barking.
Answer :
1. It is raining therefore the attendance in the class is poor.
2. Sweta is down with fever therefore she has not come to school.
3. The captain has broken his finger while practicing therefore he is not play ing today.
14. Her father died and she had to take a job therefore she could not complete her studies.
5. Mother is unwell today therefore Sumer is cooking food in the kitchen.
6. Someone has broken the toy therefore the child is crying.
7. She passed the examination therefore she is very happy.
8. The teacher is on leave therefore the children are making a lot of noise.
9. I am tried therefore I want to have some rest.
10. The dog is hungry therefore it is barking.

(c) Write the meaning or synonym of the words/phrases given in column :

(d) Choose the correct option : (M.P. 2013)

Question 5.
(a) Complete the following summary of the poem by filling the gaps using the expressions from the poem :
Answer :
The poet – sowed a seed about eight – years ago because he wanted a tree of his own. Once is the month of May he found a tree that grew and had survived the goat’s eating and grass – cutter’s scythe and the monsoon blight though it was shrivelled it grew three new shoots young and it grew upward when he came back from Kashmir he could hardly believe that a cherry tree had ripened and jewelled in the sum. Next year it bore pink blossoms that were fragile and quick to fall. As he was relaxing in his garden he saw the finches as they flew and slitted through the dappled green. He saw bees as they drank nectar from each bloom.

(b) Make sentences with the following words :
1. Trust – My friends trust me.
2. Dare – I can’t dare to complain about him.
3. Royal – The royal family of Britain enjoys great respect from the people of Britain.
4. Sturdy – His body is quite sturdy.
5. Clouding – He is trying hard to emerge from the clouding in his life.
6. Bough – The boughs of the tree are stooping.
7. Greet – My friends greeted me chcerfully.

(c) Make sentences with the following words using them first as noun and then as verb :
1. Scythe :
(i) Scythe is used to cut grass.
(ii) You should scythe the grass of your lawn regularly.

2. Shoot;
(i) The shoot runs against light.
(ii) The soldiers are shooting at their target.

3. Light:
(i) Light removes darkness.
(ii) The mob lighted many vehicles during protest.

4. Watch :
(i) The policeman kept a watch on him.
(ii) The policeman watched him continuously.

5. Season :
(i) I like the winter season very much.
(ii) He has seasoned himself as a professional singer.

(d) Give antonyms of the following words :
cruelty, above, spiritual, injustice, courage, hell, curse.
Answer :

• cruelty – mercy
• above – beneath
• spiritual – temporal.
• injustice – justice
• courage – fear
• hell – heaven
• curse – bless.

(e) Match the words is column ‘A’ with those in column ‘B’.

Answer :
(i) (f),
(ii) (a),
(iii) (b),
(iv) (c),
(v) (d),
(vi) (e).

(f) Match words with their meaning and use them in sentences of your own to bring out of the difference in their meanings :
‘A’ – B’
mercy – the feeling of being sorry for somebody.
compassion – used to show that you are disappointed about something.
pity – the ability to understand another person’s feelings.
sympathy – a kind or forgiving attitude towards somebody.
empathy – the aim of giving money, food, help, etc.
charity – a strong feeling of sympathy for people.

For example,
(i) Mercy (a kind or forgiving attitude towards somebody): the criminal pleaded for mercy from the judge.
(ii) Compassion (a strong feeling of sympathy for people): We must have compassion for poor.
(iii) Pity (used to show that you are disappointed about something) : He showed pity on the condition of the roads in the state.
(iv) Sympathy (the feeling being sorry for somebody) : He showed his sympathy towards the injured.
(v) Empathy (the ability to understand another person’s feelings) : He severely lack empathy for the down trodden.
(vi) Charity (the aim of giving money, food, help, etc.) : We arranged a charity show of the movie ‘Om Shanti Om’ for the uprosy patients,

(g) Make sentences with the following words using them first as ‘Noun’ and then as ‘verb’:

(i) Attribute :
(a) Piety is an important attribute for human beings.
(b) He attributed his success to the blessings of his parents.

(ii) Sway:
(a) The government is trying to check the sway in the stock market.
(b) The stock market swayed hergely last week.

(iii) Force :
(a) Force is used to stop or move a thing.
(b) He forced me to sign the letter.

(iv) Drop:
(a) Every drop of water is precious.
(b) The fielder dropped the catch.

(v) Crown :
(a) The king was wearing a splendid crown.
(b) People crowned him.

Q. 6.
(a) Differentiate between the following pairs of words and use them in sentences of your own :
disease, decease; special, especial; deep, dip; moral, mural; except, accept; beat, beet; excess, access; cease, seize.
Answer :

• Discase’: an illness : Mr. Sharma is suffering from fatal disease.
• Deceasc : the death of a person : Everyone remained shocked at the decease of Mr. : Singh.
• Special : not ordinary or usual : There is something special about this monument.
• Especial : better than usual : It is a matter of especial importance.
• Deep: going or situated far down : This well is too deep to be measured.
• Dip : a quick swim – devotees took a holy dip in the river Ganga.
• Moral : concerned with principles of right and wrong behaviour: We should give due importance to our traditional moral values.
• Mural: a painting on a wall : Mural paintings can be seen on the walls of Ajanta Caves.
• Except: not including : Everyone except Sudha has gone to see a movie.
• Accept : say yes : I accept your suggestion. Beat : defeat I beat my friend at carrom.
• Beet : a plant with a root used as a vegetable.
• Raddish is one of vegetable with a beet.
• Excess : The exceeding of due limits : Excess of anything is bad.
• Access : approach ; I have an easy access to the Chief Minister.
• Cease : come to and end : The factory had ceased making telephones.
• Seize : take possession of by force or legal right: He seized Mr. Gupta’s property for payment of debt.

(b) Use the following words as noun and as adjectives in sentences of your own : common, ready, grave, beat, special,
Answer :

1. Common (noun) : Delay in justice is a common thing in India.
2. Common (adjective) : Cancer has become a common disease nowadays.
3. Ready (noun) : I had bought some readymade clothes.
4. Ready (adjective) : I like readymade dresses.
5. Grave (noun) : I put flowers at my grandfather’s grave on his death anniversary.
6. Grave (adjective) : We have fallen into grave situation.
7. Beat (noun) : You can hear loud beats on the drum.
8. Beat (adjective) : The beating retreat was marvellous.
9. Special (noun): There are daily specials in our menu to choose from.
10. Special (adjective) : Mr. Sharma is the special guest at the function.

(c) Use the following phrases in sentences of your own : one by one, give forth, at large, call away, beat over, call up, bound in.
Answer :
One by one : All the leaves fell from the tree one by one during autumn season. Give forth: He gave forth some money to his friend. At large : The criminals are still at large. Call away: I was called away from the meeting to take an urgent phone call. Beat over: Australia beat over the Indian cricket team. Call up: He called up the doctor. Bound in: The petitioner was bound in an agreement.

(d) Choose the word from the alternatives provided which does not mean the same as the main word :
1. delight.
(a) pleasure (b) transport. (c) enjoy (d) rapture.

2. wise
(a) clever (b) erudite (c) receptive (d) aspire.

3. distinguish
(a) discern (b) make out (c) recognise (d) clarify.
Answer :
1. (b) transport.
2. (d) aspire,
3. (b) make out.

(e) Choose the correct alternative from the given options :
(i) Which of the following is not the proper use of studies :
(a) delight Orefinement (c) ornament (d) ability.

(ii) Which types of people condemn studies : (M.P. 2015)
(a) Icarned WoT cunning (c) well – bred. (d) careless.

(iii) Which of the following is the proper use of studies :
(a) challenging the opinion of others. (b) take the written word as a Gospel truth. (c) find the point for talking (d) balancing conflicting opinions.

(iv) Which types of books can be read through extract :
(a) excellent books, (b) books concerning culture. (c) books concerning important arguments. (d) dhtess important books.

(v) Which sort of books can make a person wise :
(a) books of poetry (b) books of moral philosophy. (c) Wat books of history. (d) books of natural philosophy.

(vi) Who is Schoolmen :
(a) teachers of the school. (b) student of the school. (c) administration of the school. (d) Hy philosophers.

(vii) Which sort of exercise is suitable for the ailments of stomach :
(a) walking (b) riding (c) cycling (d) bowling.
Answer :
(i) (b) refinement,
(ii) (b) cunning,
(iii) (d) balancing conflicting opinions,
(iv) (d) less important books,
(v) (c) books of history,
(vi) (d) philosophers,
(vii) (a) walking.

(f) Complete the following sentences, being careful to choose the correct verb forms:
1. Raina will stay in London for three years if………..
2. She will work overtime it …………….
3. She will take another English Grammar book if.
4. She will move to a better city if…………
5. She will buy another computer if……………
6. Raina would not get to her class if……………
7. You would not pass the examination if……………
8. You cannot get the right reply from the criminal if ….
9. You would not get any letters if…………..
10. Raina would not make good friends if …………
11. Raina will invite Karan if………..
12. Raina will fail in English if………..
13. Raina will go back to America if…………
14. She would lose weight if………….
15. She would need more money than she gets if………..
Answer :
1. She gets visa for that.
2. She gets good salary:
3. It is required.
4. She gets an opportunity
5. She gets a better discount.
6. She fails to catch the bus in time.
7. You did not work hard.
8. You do not threaten him.
9. You did not give your correct address.
10. She did not behave nicely with all.
11. He is in the town.
12. She does not work hard at grammar.
13. She gets an opportunity.
14. She took to dieting.
15. Her brother comes to stay with her.

Question 7.
Following words are used in different meanings in different contexts. See examples and use the given words in sentences of your own in as many contexts as possible :
1. hail,
2. strain,
3. sweet,
4. pine,
5. spirit,
6. still
Answer :
1. Hail : to greet : She hailed me cordially.
Hail : hailstorm : We had to pass through hail and snow.

2. Strain : to make an effort to do something: 1 strained my body to have a glimpse of the cricketer.
Strain : worry, anxiety : Nowadays I am facing great strain.

3. Sweet : testing as if it contains a lot of sugar : This cup of tea is too sweet for me.
Sweet: a small piece of sweet food: I always like to have some sweet dish after meals.

4. Pine: a tall forest tree with leaves like needles : Pine trees are evergreen.
Pine : to become sad : I pined for weeks after may friend had gone abroad.

5. Spirit : courage, determination or energy ; The soldiers showed a tremendous spirit.
Spirit : a strong alcoholic drink ; I have never tasted any spirit.

6. Still : continuing until a particular point in time and not finishing : I am still waiting for him.
Still : calm and quiet, Children cannot remain still.
Still : a photograph taken from a cinema film : That is a still from our family video.

Question. 8.
(a) Some words are almost similar in sound but different in meaning or spelling. They are called ‘Homonyms’.
Example: accept, except.
He accepted my proposal.
Except Mr. Singh, all the teachers attended the meeting.
Now give the meanings of the following words and use them in sentences of your own:
Course : coarse/rever : river.
Answer :
Course : way: Rivers often change their courses during floods.
Coarse : rough : He is putting on coarse clothes.
Rever : to respect: We should rever great men of the world.
River : a large natural stream of water : The Ganga is a holy river.

(b) Synonyms is a words with similar meaning :
As common is a synonym of ordinary’
Now find synonyms of the following words (from the text of the lesson) :
Elated, hard, polite, piousness, clear, continuously.
Answer :
Elated – exalted
Hard – rigorous
Potite – lofty
Piousness – piety
Clear – evident
Continuously – constantly.

(c) Find the word the word form the text for the following expressions :
(i) to bring the light something hidden
(ii) completely
(iii) find out something new
(iv) clearly visible
(v) great respeçt and honour for somebody
(vi) to win over
(vii) to copy or follow some one
(viii) effort or hardwork
(ix) to respect someone.
(x) to cause to change direction.
Answer :
(i) absolutely,
(ii) discover,
(iii) transparent,
(iv) earnest,
(v) overcome,
(vi) emu late,
(vii) rever,
(viii) swerve.

Question. 9. (a) Choose the correct alternative :
1. Gandhi proved his title to be regarded as a Mahatma because :
(i) the people gave him the title of Mahatma
(ii) he was a saint
(iii) he gave up all what he had
(iv) he called himself ‘Alpatma’ and begged his friends not to call him Ma hatma.

2. A man should be judged by: (M.P. 2013)
(i) the opinions he holds
(ii) his conduct and character
(iii) the doctrine he espouses
(iv) The opinion people have of him.

3. Gandhi called himself a sinner because : (M.P. 2012)
(i) he condemned outward lapses.
(ii) he condemned lapses of thought.
(iii) he used to test himself most severly.
(iv) he was a victim of fleeting temptaions.

4. People are great on account of their practice of:
(i) self consciousness
(ii) self assessement
(iii) self examination
(iv) self punishment.

5. Gandhi is called unselfish because :
(i) he devoted some time of his life to the welfare of the community
(ii) he gave a part of his wealth to some objects of public charity
(iii) in every matter and at every moment of his life he lived only for others, thought only for others and worked only for others
(iv) he wore a very coarse Khaddar cloth on his body.
Answer :
1. (iii) He gave up all what he had.
2. (ii) His conduct and character.
3. (iii) He used to test himself most severely
4. (iii) Self – examination.
5. (iii) in every matter and at every moment of his life he lived only for others, thought only for others and worked only for others.

(b) Given below are sentences with would, must, should, ought to and needn’t it. Find the modality of each :
1.“ Would you please lend me your pen?
2. I would rather have a jacket than a coat.
3. Mr. Gautam promised that he would do the work for me.
4. You must not walk in the middle of a road.
5. You need not pay income tax. You are a senior citizen now.
6. They must have caught the train.
7. One must not forget oneself.
8. People should not smoke in public places.
9. Mr. Shukla should have consulted a lawyer.
10. You forget to touch the feet of your grandfather. You ought to have done so.
11. Your neighbour ought to respect your feelings.
12. People ought to stand up when the national anthem is being sung.
13. She needn’t undergo the operation. I will cure her by oral therapy.
14. I didn’t need to wait for the guests. They arrived in time.
Answer :
1. polite request.
2. a liking a wish (with or without ‘like’) in sense of ‘want to’.
3. indirect speech.
4. negative command or order.
5. advise in general with no external obligation.
6. conjecture, strong possibility or certainty.
7. negative command or order.
8. speaker’s personal opinion regarding duty.
9. unfulfilled obligation.
10. obligation.
11. desirability.
12. obligation
13. assurance.
14. fulfilment.

Question 10.
(a) Choose the correct alternative :
1. Which of the following is not a characteristic of Hughie Erskine’s face :
(a) good books (b) brown hairs (c) grey eyes (d) large ears.

2. Which of the following works Hughie Ershine did not try to earn his living : from :
(a) at work as a professional jester.
(b) work at the stock exchange.
(c) work as a wine merchant.
(d) work as a tea merchant.

3. Which of the following is not an attribute of Trevor’s face :
(a) puckered face.
(b) blue eyes.
(c) rugged bread.
(d) rough exterior.

4. Where was the begger – man placed in the study of Alan Travor when he was being painted :
(a) on a carpet. (b) on a chair. (c) in the corner. (d) on the floor.

5. What was Hughie doing when Baron Hausberg’s messenger came to him with a letter :
(a) having lunch. (b) having a nap. (c) having dinner. (d) having breakfast.

6. Who scolded Hughie for giving a sovereign to a beggar: (M.P. 2012, 15)
(a) Trevor (b) Col. Merton. (c) Laura. (d) None of the above.
Answer :
1. (d) large ears.
2. (a) work as a professional jester.
3. (b) blue eyes.
4. (c) in the corner.
5. (d) having breakfast.
6. (c) Laura.

Q. 11. (a) Give antonyms of the following words:
(i) Light – dark
(ii) Mortal – immortal(M.P. 2012)
(iii) Joy – sorrow
(iv) Day – night
(v) Knowledge – ignorance
(vi) Peace – war
(vii) Might – weakness
(viii) Temporary – permanent.

(b) Make verbs from the following words :
Dark – Darken
(ii) Power – Empower
(iii) Joy – Enjoy.
(iv) Beauty – Beautify
(v) Sweet – Sweeten
(vi) Light – Lighten
(vii) Mortal – Mortalize.

Question 12.
(a) Fill in the blanks with the words given below :
(Memorandum, accrue, render, bequest, impertinent, wagging, entail)
(i) Here is the money. You can spend it as you like. You have to Rendon. an account of the expenditure within a week.
(ii) Keep your money in a bank. It will anal interest.
(iii) This job will?… a lot of hard work. You must think twice before you accept it.
(iv) The dog is …………… its tail. Does it want something?
(v) I have only asked your name, Is it ……………?
(vi) Before dying, the old man left a …………. to each of his two sons.
(vii) He sent a detailed …………. to his boss about the incident.
Answer :
(i) render,
(ii) accrue,
(iii) entail,
(iv) wagging,
(v) impertinent,
(vi) bequest,
(vii) memorandum.

(b) Find words from the text for following expressions :
(i) Afternoon performance of a show,
(ii) Produce books, newspapers etc. printing.
(iii) A building in which horses are kept.
(iv) Cheerfully.
(v) That is suggested indirectly or understood.
(vi) Make an attempt.
(vii) Boredom.
(viii) Take somebody somewhere in a car, taxi etc.
(ix) Showing care for future.
(x) Write or say something formally in careful and clear way.
(xi) Become liquid as a result of heating.
(xii) Care and treatment of hands and hails.
(xiii) Beg or implore.”
(xiv) A piece of fabric or paper used to for cleaning lips and fingers;
(xv) Rest yourself in a chair.
(xvi) A large and dark cave.
(xvii) A collection of valuable things such as gold, silver etc.
(xviii) Try very hard to achieve something.
(xix) A type of material that is made of string, thread or wire woven together.
(xx) Danger.
Answer :
(i) Matinee,
(ii) Publish,
(iii). Ranch,
(iv) Gaily,
(v) Intended,
(vi) Move,
(vii) Offen sive,
(viii) Drive,
(ix) Prudent,
(x) Declare,
(xi) Melt,
(xii) Manicure,
(xiii) Request,
(xiv) Linen,
(xv) Drifted in,
(xiv) Cavern,
(xvii) Poolroom,
(xviii). Disposal,
(xix) Strip,
(xx) Precariousness.

(c) Use the following in sentences of your own :
(i) Pen name : Henry is the pen name of William Sydney Porter.
(ii) Awkward amount : Sudhir’s father had left an awkward amount to him.
(iii) Disposed of: The garbage was disposed of by the scavengers.
(iv) Laid down : There was a condition laid down by her guide.
(v) Took off : The plane took off at the right time.
(vi) Hunted out : The black box of crashed Plane was hunted out by special task force.
(vii) Frowned at : Gillian frowned at Bryson.
(viii) Art gallery : There was antique collection in the art gallery.
(ix) Rabbit – foot : He couldn’t identify the rabbit – foot of his enemy.
(x) Loosen up: Gillian wanted to loosen up his burden.
(xi) Black sheep : His uncle was a black sheep.
(xii) Modus operandi : My father is very practical in his modus operandi.
(xiii) To wag (something) : When the dog saw its owner it began to wag its tail. :
(xiv) To be prudent: Gillian was not at all prudent.
(xv) To repose confidence in : Tolman asked Gillian to repose his confidence in them.

(d) Choose the correct alternatives and complete the sentence :
(i) One thousand dollars were given to Gillian on the condition that:
(a) he will spend it in a week,
(b) he will render an account of expenditure,
(c) he will spend it in one lot,
(d) he will not spend it in gambling.

(ii) Gillian said he would have to engage secretary because : (M.P. 2015)
(a) he had a lot of work to do,
(b) he got one thousand dollars,
(c) he wanted to spend the money, dy he had to render an account and he was not good at it.

(iii) O’Henry has compared Bryson’s interest in Gillian’s story with :
(a) Harold Gillian’s grand – daughter,
(b) old Gillian’s ward,
(c) old Gillian’s niece,
(d) old Gillian’s sister.
Answer :
(i) (b),
(ii) (d),
(iii) (a).

(e) Combine the following sentences using one of them as a relative clause :
1. The girls serve in the shop.
The girls are the owner’s daughter.

2. People are trapped in a lift.
The film is about these people.

3. The girls are always complaining about their long hours.
He employs the girls.

4. We saw it.
It astonished us.

5. The ladder began to slip.
I was standing on the ladder.

6. The car broke down after two kilometres.
I hired the car.

7. This is the picture.
The picture caused a lot of controversy.

8. The film is about a spy.
The spy’s wife betrayed him.

9. You need information.
This book will give you the information.

10. She gave me a sweater.
She knitted it herself.
Answer :
1. The girl who serves in the shop is the owner’s daughter.
2. The film is about the people who are trapped in a lift.
3. The girls whom he employs are always complaining about their long hours.
4. What I saw astonished us.
5. The ladder on which I was standing began to slip.
6. The car which I hired broke down after two kilometers.
7. This is the picture which caused a lot of controversy.
8. The film is about a spy whose wife betrayed him.
9. This book will give you the information which you need.
10. She gave me a sweater which she knitted herself.

Question 13.
(a) Make noun forms the following verbs using suffixes wherever necessary :
Example :
encompass (verb) : compass (noun)
Initiate, revive, admire, dignify, generate.
Answer :
initiation, revival, admiration, dignity, generation.

(b) Write the noun forms for the following verbs :
Awake, regenerate, contribute, educate, petition.
Answer :
Awakening, regeneration, contribution, education, petitioner.

(c) Make adjectives from the following nouns :
Faith, India, action, intellect, disaster.
Answer :
faithful, Indian, active, intellectual, disastrous.

(d) Antonym of a word is not a negative, but its opposite in meaning, for example : Ugly is the antonym of ‘beautiful’. Now write the antonyms of the following words :
Pure, praise, destruction, falsehood, active, done, immoderate.

(e) Distinguish between the following pairs of words and use them separate sen tences :
For example :
principle, principal
Principal : highest in order of importance.
Her father is the principal Secretary of a school.
Principle : guiding rule or code for behaviour, basic truth of conduct.
A good man must keep up high moral principles.
(i) Moderate,
(ii) moderation/later,
(iii) latter/career,
(iv) carrier/exist,
(v) exit/poli tics,
(vi) political/action,
(vii) active.
Answer :
(i) Moderate (liberal) : There was a group of moderate leaders.
Moderation (modification): Huge moderation is required in this plan.

(ii) Later (towards the end of): Later he switched to a different career.
Latter (mentioned after another): Of the two proposals the letter was better.

(iii) Career (profession) : He opted for teaching as his career.
Carrier (a person or thing carrying something) : Truck is a public carrier.

(iv) Exist (to be present) : Ghosts do not exist.
Exit (a way out) : There was no emergency exit in that building.

(v) Politics (political affairs) : I don’t like politics.
Political (of or involving politics): He has political inclinations.

(vi) Action (the process of doing something) : He is a man of action.
Active (energetic) : Nehru was very active in politics.

Choose the correct alternative :

1. Sister Nivedita was born in (M.P. 2013)
(a) England
(b) New Zealand
(c) London
(d) Ireland.

2. According to Sister Nivedita schooling and education should be planned for :
(a) women only
(b) the present and next generation
(c) the present generation only
(d) men and women separately.

3. Aggressive type of politics means :
(a) moderate politics
(b) petitioner’s politics
(c) non – violent way of politics
(d) politics of forceful revolution.

4. Nivedita wanted to see India educated on :
(a) ancient lines :
(b) national lines
(c) moderate lines
(d) western lines.

5. Women in India, according to her, were :
(a) coward and docile :
(b) illiterate and backward Wey gentle and dignified
(d) awakened and conscious of their rights.
Answer :
1. (d),
2. (b),
3. (d),
4. (b),
5. (c).

(g) Given below are sentences with the use of ‘used to’, ‘had to’, ‘has to’, ‘will have to’,, shall have to’ and ‘daren’t. Underline the modals used and find the modality expressed by cach :
1. India used to be under British domination up to 15th August, 1947.
2. My sister had to give up her job after her marriage.
3. She used to go to her office on foot.
4. I have to submit the homework tomorrow.
5. A coward daren’t face his own conscience.
6. I advised her, “You had better get it typed”.
7. You don’t have to do it again and again.
8. Indian workmen have to work in very poor conditions at work places.
9. I will have to give up my claim. I have lost my case.
10. I hardly dared take bath in the morning during the months winter.
Answer :
Modals – Modality expressed
1. Used to : Habitual action of the past.
2. Had to : Some act done under compulsion or under the force of a circumstance.
3. Used to : Discontinued habitual action of the past.
4. Have to : Some act done under compulsion or under the force of a circumstance.
5. daren’t to : Lack of courage in doing something.
6. had : better choice.
7. Have to : Without compulsion.
8. Have to Some act done under compulsion or under the force of a circumstance.
9. Have to : Done under compulsion or under the force of a circumstance.
10. Hardly dared : Semi – negative.

Question 14. Give antonyms of the following words :
squeezed, blare, concentrate, swallow, pacifying, living, free, praise, forgetfulness.
Answer :

1. Squeezed – stretched
2. Blare – whisper
3. Concentrate – baffles
4. Swallow – Spit
5. Pacifying – provocative
6. Living – dead
7. Free – captive
8. Praise – ridicule
9. Forgetfulness – memory.

Question 15.
(a) Make meaningful sentences with the following phrases :
Answer :
pass away : He passes away his time leisurely.
at ease : I do not feel at easy with him.
in good humour : I always find my partner in good humour.
acquiesce in : A do not acquiesce in his decision.
go on : What’s going on nowadays?
approve of : Do you approve of my action?

(b) Give antonyms of the following:
Country – city
Pleasure – displeasure
Ancient – modern
Dependent – independent
Approve – disapprove.

(c) Choose the correct answer from the given alternatives :
1. Where did the writer go with Sir Roger
(a) guest house
(b) country – house
(c) farm house
(d) country club.

2. What, according to Sir Roger, did the writer hate most :
(a) being stared at
(b) being talked about
(c) being ordered about
(d) none of the above.

3. Which of the following is the reason why the servants never thought of leaving Sir Roger’s service:
(a) Sir Roger never visited his country house
(b) He was the best master in the world surely.
(c) He was very painstaking.
(d) He was very inconsiderate.

4. Why does Sir Roger show much tenderness and consideration towards the old dog :
(a) because he had grown old with the dog
(b) because the dog belonged to his father
(c) beaduse the dog belonged to his wife
(d) because of the past service of the dog.

5. In whose care was the author put when he visited the country – house of Sir Roger : (M.P. 2015)
(a) butler
(b) valet de chamber
(c) groom
(d) coachman.

6. We are told that one of the domestics of Roger lived with him for thirty years.

Who is that man :
(a) The groom
(b) The chaplain
(c) The coachman
(d) The valet de chambre.

7. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Chaplain :
(a) clear voice
(b) sociable temper
(c) ability to play backgammon
(d) carping behaviour.

8. Sir Roger wanted the Chaplain to deliver sermons every week. What sort of sermons he wanted the Chaplain to deliver :
(a) sermons written by Sir Roger
(b) sermons written by Addison
(c) sermons written by famous Divines
(d) sermons written by Chaplain.

9. “There has not been a lawsuit in the parish since he has lived among them.”
Who is the “he” of the statement :
(a) Addison
(b) Sir Roger
(c) The Butler
(d) The Chaplain.

10. Match the person in column.
‘A’ with their characteristics in column ‘B’:
‘A’ – ‘B’
(i) groom – (a) humorist
(ii) coachman – (b) grave person
(iii) Chaplain – (c) A humorist
(iv) Sir Roger – (d) A venerable man.
Answer :
1. (b),
2. (a),
3. (b),
4. (d),
5, (a),
6. (b),
7. (c),
8. (c),
9. (d),

10. (i) (b),
(ii) (c),
(iii) (d),
(iv) (a).

Question 16.
Choose the correct alternative and rewrite the statements :
1. Rani is angry with Mirabai because :
(a) She is not behaving as a wife should behave
(b) She is bringing shame on the house of Mewar
(c) She spends too much time with priests and in worshipping Lord Krishna
(d) She disobeys Rani.

2. Rani wants Rana Sanga to order Mirabai to worship Durga because :
(a) Durga is the customary goddess of the royal house
(b) She doesn’t like Lord Krishna
(c) She wants Mirabai to change her decision
(d) All the above.

3. Mirabai thinks herself, “a little better than a captive’ because :
(a) She wants freedom in practicing her faith
(b) She feels hindered in performing her duty
(c) She keeps all the secrets close to her heart
(d) All the above.

4. Jaimall is worried about Mirabai because :
(a) Mirabai has poor relationship with Rana Sanga and Rani
(b) He is close relative of Mirabai
(c) He is afraid of Rana Sanga
(d) He doesn’t like Prince Bhojraja.
Answer :
1. (c),
2. (d),
3. (d),
4. (a).

Question 17.
(a) Fill in the blank spaces with appropriate words given below:(Use the words in their correct form) (vicious, indignity, malice, resort to, diminish, gloomy, trembling, forbid, condemn)
(i) The assaults of the boss were ………………. upon Rajesh.
(ii) He sat at the window in a sad and ………………. mood.
(iii) He had ……………… towards none.
(iv) The law ………………. smoking at public places.
(v) The size of a candle …………….. as the flame burns.
(vi) The old man could hardly hold the stick in his … ………….. hands.
(vii) He was over – burdened with liabilities. He had to ……………….borrowing money,
(viii) Everyone ………………. the meanness of Amar.
(ix) Rajesh was treated with ……………… by his colleagues.
Answer :
(i) vicious,
(ii) gloomy,
(iii) malice,
(iv) forbids,
(v) diminishes,
(vi) trembling,
(vii) resort to,
(viii) condemned,
(ix) indignity.

(b) Explain the meanings of the following idioms :
(i) let (something) slip from one’s finger – to lose something.
(ii) (bring) bad luck on (somebody) – to cause unfavorable situation for someone.
(iii) at length – distant
(iv) out of the question – impossible.
(v) to set one’s heart on (something) – to decide.
(vi) go to great lengths – to keep distance.
(vii) a bed of nails – troublesome.
(viii) at all – completely.

Question 18.
Find the words in the play “The Dear Departed’ that mean :
(i) window shades.
(ii) go about seeking pleasure.
(iii) tiny particle.
(iv) steal.
(v) without any sign of feeling.
(vi) move without attracting attention.
(vii) push sharply with a stick or something pointed.
(viii) a senseless behaviour.
Answer :
(i) blinds,
(ii) gallivant,
(iii) speak,
(iv) pinch,
(v) impassive,
(vi) skip,
(vii) poke,
(viii) tomfoolery.

Question 19.
(a) Fill in the blanks with the words given below:
(descent, surly, conventions, vandalism, malicious, amenable, memento, mortgage, imposter, headlong)

(i) Young boys enjoy flouting ……………… these days.
(ii) I have applied to the bank for a ………………. on my house.
(iii) I bought a statuette as a ………………. on my trip to Khajuraho.
(iv) He spread ………………. gossip against me.
(v) Everyman in that locality is proud of his royal ……….
(vi) Look at that man. He is not a real constable. He is a …………..
(vii) The boy is……………… He won’t listen to anybody’s advice.
(viii) She was very ………………. to my idea of leaving the house.
(ix) The man glanced me with a ………………. look. I did not like it.
(x) The boy died in the hospital due to the doctors negligence. The next day it became the target of irate crowd’s
Answer :
(i) conventions,
(ii) mortgage,
(iii) memento,
(iv) malicious,
(v) descent,
(vi) imposter,
(vii) head strong,
(viii) amenable,
(ix) surly,
(x) vandalism.

(b) Fill in the blanks choosing from those given below :
earnestly, incredulously, scoundrel, convict, benefactor.
(i) The ………………. had been wronged by the society.
(ii) The Bishop ………………. desired to help the poor.
(iii) The convict shook his head ………………. at the Bishops’s kind behaviour.
(iv) Persome considered the convict a ………..
(v) The Bishop’s ultimately proved to be the convict’s.
Answer :
(i) convict,
(ii) earnestly,
(iii) incredulously,
(iv) scoundrel,
(v) benefactor.

(c) Study the text to locate the antonyms of the given words :
(easy, human, open, reluctance, distress).
Answer :
easy : restless
human : beast
open : shut
reluctance : eamestness
distress : comfort.

(d) Make sentences using the following words :
estate, chatter, glare, track, convent
Answer :
Estate : He was inherited a big estate from his uncle.
Chatter : Do not chatter in class.
Glare : The teacher glared at the students.
Track : The hilly track was difficult to move on.
Convent : Mother Teresa was a member of a convent.

Question 20.
(a) Frame sentences to distinguish the following pairs of words :
(i) read : red
read : I read only good books.
red : My favourite colour is red.

(ii) too : two : to
too : The bag is too expensive.
two : I have tow pens.
to : He went to the movie.

(iii) one : won
one : He is a one eyed – man.
won : The team won the match.

(iv) pale : pail
pale : His face became pale out of fear.
pail : He fetched a pail of water.

(v) blue : blew
blue : The colour of her dress is blue.
blew : The strong wind blew in the evening.

(vi) scent : sent
scent : I like the scent of this deodorant.
sent: I have sent a letter to the ministry.

(vii) stair : stare
stair : The old man could not mount the stairs.
stare : They stare at me.

(viii) price : prize
price : What is the price of this car.
prize : I got a prize for achieving good marks in the examinations.

(ix) ghastly : ghostly
ghastly : He was murdered ghastly.
ghostly : There was a ghostly sound in the vicinity.
sweet : sweat
sweet : She has got a sweet nature.
sweat : Excess of sweating is not good.

(b) Match the words in column ‘A’ with their meanings in column ‘B’:
‘A’ – “B’
exert – a large farm for raising horses, cattle or sheep
ranch – repeated short high sounds
trills – work hard
hail – to call, to greet, to attract attention.
Answer :
A’ – ‘B’
exert – work hard
ranch – a large farm for raising horses, cattle or sheep
trills – repeated short high sounds
hail – to call, to greet, to attract attention.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions

MP Board Class 11th Special English Grammar Important Questions

I. Time and Tenses

The word ‘time’ is independent of language while ‘tense’ may be defined as the form of a verb which indicates the time relationship. Tense indicates whether the activity is past, present or future.

There are three tenses in English:
(i) Present,
(ii) Past,
(iii) Future.

Each of these three has four forms :
(a) Indefinite,
(b) Continuous,
(c) Perfect and
(d) Perfect continuous.

Question 1.
Put the verb into the correct form (present indefinite or present continuous) :
(i) Please be quiet, to concentrate. (try)
(ii) I …………….. this week. (not work) I am on a holiday.
(iii) I want to lose weight, I ……………….. anything today. (not eat)
(iv) I have a car but I ……………. it very often. (not use)
(v) Water …………… at 100 degree centigrade. (boil)
Answer :
(i) am trying,
(ii) am not working,
(iii) am not eating,
(iv) do not use,
(v) boils.

Question 2.
Read the following sentences and correct them. The English is correct but the information is wrong:
(i) The sun rises in the west.
Answer :
(i) The sun does not rise in the west.

(ii) Cats catch dogs.
Answer :
Cats do not catch dogs.

(iii) Carpenters make things from metal.
Answer :
Carpenters do not make things from metal.

(iv) The Ganga flows into the Arabian sea.
Answer :
The Ganga does not flow into the Arabian sea.

Question 3.
Put the verb into correct form (present indefinite or present continuous) :
(i) I …………. to a political party. (not, belong)
(ii) Hurry! The bus …………… (come), I ……………….to miss it. (not, want)
(iii) The river Mahanadi ……………. into the sea. (flow)
(iv) The river …………. Very fast today, much faster than usual. (flow)
(v) We usually ………………Vegetables in our garden, this year we ………….. any. (grow)
Answer :
(i) do not belong,
(ii) is coming, do not want,
(iii) flows,
(iv) is flowing,
(v) grow, are not growing.

Question 4.
Make question with the words given (use present perfect tense only):

(i) You / read / a newspaper recently?
Answer :
Have you read a newspaper recently?

(ii) You / see / Ranjan in the past few days?
Answer :
Have you seen Ranjan in the past few days?

(iii) You / play / tennis recently?
Answer :
Have you played tennis recently?

(iv) You / eat / anything today?
Answer :
Have you eaten anything today?

(v) You / see/ any good films recently?
Answer :
Have you seen any good films recently?

Question 5.
Rewrite the following sentences putting the verbs into the present perfect continuous tense :
(i) I ………….. here since 1980. (live)
(ii) The dog …………..in front of the fire since tea time. (sit)
(iii) The fire ……………….all night. (burn)
(iv) They …………….for two hours. (study)
(v) It ……………. in Jaisalmer for more than a month. (rain)
Answer :
(i) have been living,
(ii) has been sitting,
(iii) has been burning,
(iv) have been studying,
(v) has not been raining.

Question 6.
Put ‘since’ or ‘for’ in the blank space :
(i) He has been living here………………….. 1992.
(ii) have not seen her …………. three days.
(iii) She has not spoken to me ……………. as long as I can remember.
(iv) I have not spoken Hindi …………. ten years.
(v) It has not rained in Jaisalmer ………….. more than a month.
Answer :
(i) since,
(ii) for,
(iii) for,
(iv) for,
(v) for.

Question 7.
Put the verb in past continuous form:
(i) I …………. a book when Rakhi came in. (read)
(ii) The sun ………….. when we went out. (shine)
(iii) When I got up it ……………….. heavily. (rain)
(iv) We ……………… in Indore when the riots broke out. (live)
(v) When I arrived at her house she …………………… (sleep)
Answer :
(i) was reading,
(ii) was shining,
(iii) was raining,
(iv) were living,
(v) was sleeping.

Question 8.
Put the verb in correct form (past indefinite or past continuous):
(i) While Aparna. (cook) the dinner, the phone. (ring).
(ii) Anurag Led…(fall) off the ladder while he was appaint).
(iii) Last night I …………….. (head’) in bed while suddenly I ……….. (hear) a loud screamatebing.
(iv) Wlue (you watch) television when I hone. (phone) you?
(v) Rakhi has warwalt) for me when I was wentarive).
Answer :
(i) was cooking, rang,
(ii) fell, was painting,
(iii) was reading, heard,
(iv) Were you watching, phoned,
(v) was waiting, arrived.

Question 9.
Put the verb incorrect form (past perfect)
(i) Most of my friends were no longer there. They …………(leave).
(ii) The local cinema was no longer open. It has…….(close) down.
(iii) Mr. Karki was no longer alive. He ……………… (die)
(iv) I did not recognize Mrs. Karki. She ………………. (change) a lot.
(v) Ranjan no longer had his car. He ……………… (sell) it.
Answer :
(i) had left,
(ii) had closed,
(ii) had died,
(iv) had changed,
(v) had sold.

Question 10.
Read the situation and then write a sentence by using the words given in brackets :
(i) The two boys came into the house. One had a black eye and the other had a cut (they / fight)
(ii) Anurag was watching television. He was feeling very tired. (he / study / hard all day)
(iii) Rakhi woke up in the middle of the night. She was frightened and she did not know where she was. (she / dream)
(iv) Anurag and Parag came into house. They had a football and they were both tired. (they/ play / football)
(v) When she walked in the room, it was empty. But there was a smell of cigarettes. (somebody / smoke/ in the room)
Answer :
(i) They had been fighting,
(ii) He had been studying hard all day,
(iii) She had been dreaming,
(iv) They had been playing football,
(v) Somebody had been smoking in the room.

Question 11.
Put the verb in correct form (past continuous or past perfect continuous):
(i) When I arrived, Kavita………………(wait) for me. She was rather annoyed with me because I was late and she ………………… (wait) for a very long time.
(ii) Anurag was on his hands and knees on the floor. He ………………. (look) for his mathematics book.
(iii) When I arrived, everyone was sitting round the table with their mouths full. They …………… (eat).
(iv) I tried to catch Ranjan but could not. He ………………… (run) very fast.
(v) Parag was leaning against the wall, out of breath. He ……………(run).
Answer :
(i) was waiting, had been waiting,
(ii) had been looking,
(iii) had been eating,
(iv) was running,
(v) had been running.

Question 12.
Use ‘shall’ or ‘will’ in the blanks spaces to complete the Future tense :
(i) I …………………….go home in half an hour.
(ii) They ……………start for Indore day after tomorrow.
(iii) We all ……………..die one day.
(iv) I am now sixteen, so in one year’s time I ………………be seventeen.
(v) Neha ………………………ask Vikas questions.
Answer :
(i) shall,
(ii) will,
(iii) shall,
(iv) shall,
(v) will.”

Question 13.
Change the following sentences into the ‘going to form of future:
(i) Vinay will leave tomorrow for Raipur, (Imp)
(ii) Where will he stay? (M. P. 2013)
(iii) Aparna will wait for him there.
(iv) He will write letters all the afternoon.
(v) Vikas will lend him the money.
Answer :
(i) is going to leave,
(ii) is he going to stay,
(iii) is going to wait,
(iv) is going to write,
(v) is going to lend.

Question 14.
Put the verbs in brackets into the form of Future continuous tense :
(i) When you arrive I probably (do) my homework.
(ii) Neha (have) breakfast at this time tomorrow.
(iii) When you next see me I (wear) my new dress.
(iv) This time next month I (work) on my next book.
(v) You (do) mensuration next term.
Answer :
(i) I shall probably be doing my homework,
(ii) will be having,
(iii) I shall be wearing,
(iv) shall be working,
(v) will be doing.

Question 15.
(A) Put the verbs in brackets into the Future perfect tense form:
(i) In a year’s time we (take) our degree.
(ii) By tomorrow evening Aparna (finish) reading this book.
(iii) By the end of December she (be) of seventeen years.
(iv) In twenty minutes I (finish) this job.
(v) By this time next year he (save) Rs. 500.
Answer :
(i) we shall have taken,
(ii) Aparna shall have finished,
(iii) shall have been,
(iv) shall have finished,
(v) will have saved.

(B) Fill in the blanks using correct words given in the brackets :
(i) Imet ………….. European. (a, an, the)
(ii) Shina sits ……………. Leela and Radha. (with, between, among)
(iii) Rakhi refused ……………. me and money. (gave, given, to give)
(iv) There isn’t ……………. water in the drum. (some, any)
(v) She will be ill ……………. she eats too much. (if, but)
Answer :
(i) a,
(ii) between,
(iii) to give,
(iv) some,
(v) if.

(C) Do as directed :
(i) The girls serve in the shop. The girls are the owner’s daughters. (Rewrite using ‘who’ and relative’ clause)
(ii) My little son heard the noise and woke up. (Rewrite using ‘participle’ gerund)
(iii) I taught him English. (Change the voice)
(iv) My mother said to me. “I am cooking your favorite dish today.” (Change the narration)
(v) The weather is too hot to go outside. (Change into adverbial clause of reason and rewrite the sentences)
Answer :
(i) The girl who serves in the shop is the owner’s daughter.
(ii) Hearing the noise my little son woke up.
(iii) He was taught English by me.
(iv) My mother told me that she was cooking my favorable dish that day.
(v) The weather is so hot that one cannot go outside.

Conditional Tenses

I. The Form
There are two clauses in conditional sentences; as :
(a) The ‘if'(or unless) clause and
(b) The result clause.
e.g., Neha will help Kavita if she needs help.

II. The Use

The great care must be taken in choosing the verbs in a the-if clause and the ‘result clause. There are three principal types of conditional sentences in English:
(a) Future conditions are stated in present tense.

For example :
(a) What will you do if you don’t pass in the examination?
(b)Present conditions are stated in the past tense. The result clause include one of the model auxiliaries would, could or might. He would come if you waited.
(c) Past conditions are stated in the past perfect tense. The result clause includes would, could or might and is expressed in the present tense.

For example :
If Neha had studied hard she would have passed.

III. ‘If’ and ‘Unless’

Like ‘if’, ‘unless’ also introduces conditional clauses. It means “if not’. The verb forms are the same as in the ‘if ‘clauses except that negative becomes affirmative and affirmative becomes negative. Like the ‘if ‘clauses the “unless’ clauses may proceed or follow independent clauses.

For example :
Unless she goes to another college, Neha wouldn’t transfer.

Question 16.
Complete the following sentences choosing the correct verb forms:
(i) I will stay here for two years if ………………….
(ii) I will work hard next year if
(iii) I will take another English course if ………..
(iv) She would not get her college if…
(v) You can’t get right answer to the problem if.
Answer :
(i) you desire,
(ii) I do not pass the examination,
(iii) I do not get improvement in my English,
(iv) she waited for her friends,
(v) you do not exert.

Question 17.
Complete the following sentences by adding a result clause :
(i) If it rains tomorrow …….
(ii) If I were late to class ………………. .
(iii) If I had a good job ……..
(iv) If I don’t get time to rest today
(v) If I hadn’t known any English ………….
(vi) If my brother didn’t help me ……..
Answer :
(i) I will not go to office,
(ii) I would miss the lecture,
(iii) I would marry,
(iv) I shall get ill,
(v) I would have learnt it,
(vi) I would fail.

Question 18.
Supply the correct tense of the verbs in brackets :
(i) She will be ill if she (eat) too much.
(ii) If you (ring) the bell, the servant will come.
(iii) What would happen if the clouds (burst)?
(iv) If they had waited, they (find) me.
(v) The old man (be killed) if the bus hadn’t stopped quickly.
(vi) Vinay should have come yesterday if he (have) nothing to do.
(vii) I would have come sooner if I (know) that you were at home.
(viii) It would not be possible for me to finish my work if you (not stop) this nonsense.
Answer :
(i) eats,
(ii) ring,
(iii) burst,
(iv) would have found,
(v) would have been killed,
(vi) had,
(vii) had known,
(viii) do not stop.

Question 19.
Make sentences from the table below to match the clues. The clues are given in same order as the sentences to be made from the table. The first one is done for you :
1. The bus came at last (Matching sentence: We had been waiting for it for an hour.)
2. The workers decided to go on strike yesterday.
3. Mohini showed me a sweater.
4. Mr. Jain was transferred from Mumbai to Kolkata.
5. Fatima got the first rank in the examination.
Answer :
2. They had been demanding a rise in their wages.
3. She had been knitting it for two months.
4. He had been working in Mumbai for five years.
5. She had been working hard for this success.

Question 20.
Make sentences from the table ‘Bto match the sentences under ‘A’. The first one is done for you :

‘A’
1. The half yearly examination will be held in December (The class will have completed ten lessons by then).
2. Come at 8 o’clock for your dinner.
3. The fire engines will take at least half an hour to get here.
4. You can reach the railway station by ten.
5. How can you expect the tailor to give you your suit next Monday?
6. How can I hope to buy a house after retirement?
7. We nu doubt have some debts.

Answer :
2. I shall have cooked the dinner by then.
3. The five will have destroyed all the huts by then.
4. The train will not have left by that time.
5. He will not have made it by then.
6. I shall not have saved enough money for a house.
7. But we shall have paid them off by the end of the year.

II. Articles and Determiners

Nouns either occur alone (Man is mortal) or with an article (A man came to meet me). The noun can be preceded by an adjective. In such case article comes before the adjective.

e.g., He is a good man not, He is good a man.

Sometimes in place of articles we use words like my, this, each, every etc., such words are called determiners.

e.g., This is my book.

Determiners can be divided into two groups :

Group A:
a, an, the. my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their, one’s.
whose, there, these, that, those.

Group B:
some, any, no. each, every, either, neither. much, many, more, most, little, less, least. few, fewer, fewest, enough, several. all, both, half. what, whatever, which, whichever.

Some rules regarding the use of determiners :
(a) If Group ‘A’ determiners have to be used with Group ‘B’ determiners of’ should be used.

For example :
Some of the people.
Some of my friends.
Most of the time.

(b) Before of ‘none’ should used as negation.
None of my friend.
and not, No of friends.

(c) Leave out of after all, both and half.
e.g., all (of) his relatives.
Both (of) my friends.

(d) Group ‘B’ determiners can also be used alone, that is without nouns or pronouns.
e.g., Neither of them.
Most of us.

The Uses of Articles

‘A’, “an’ and ‘the’ are called articles. Articles are used before nouns. ‘A’ and ‘an’ are indefinite articles and the’ is the definite article.

I. ‘A’, ‘An’Indefinite Article
‘a’ and ‘an’ are the two forms of the same word.

II. “The Definite Article

(i) ‘The’ is used to identify a person or thing just mentioned.
e.g., I see a boy on the road.
The boy is going to school.

(ii) “The’ is used with a singular noun which are only one of their kind.
e.g., The moon is not in the sky today.

(iii) “The’ is used with a singular noun when we speak of the whole class of that thing.
e.g., The lion is a fierceful animal.

(iv) “The’ is used with names of seas, mountains, rivers, deserts, etc..
e.g., The Atlantic.

(v) “The’ is used before the names of musical instruments.
e.g., The piano.

(vi) The’ is used before the names of languages, countries.
e.g., The Netherland,
The English language.

(vii) ‘The’ is used with superlative adjectives and adverbs.
e.g., Neha is the best student of her class.

(viii) ‘The’ is used before name of sects and political parties.
e.g., The Arya Samaj,
The Congress.

(ix) ‘The’ is used as cardinal numbers.
e.g., The third boy of the class.

(x) With the names of season ‘the’ is optional. We can say, In spring or In the spring.

Question 1.
Use ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’ where necessary :
(i) Vikas thinks that this is quite …………….cheap hotel. (ii) There was …………….. knock on ……………….door. (111) …………………….small man in ……………grey suit was on …………… door. (iv) There was collision between ………………. car and ………………. scooter oni
…………… cross roads. (v) You must give him ………………food and ……………..cup of tea.
Answer :
(i) a, (ii) a, the, (iii) a, a, the, (iv) a, a, the, (v) no article, a.

Question 2.
Fill ‘some’ or ‘any’ in the blank spaces where required. Tell where both are possible :
(i) I want …………. fresh mangoes; have you …………….?
(ii) I asked him for …………. money; but he hadn’t ……….. so
(iii) Put ……… …. sugar in your coffee; the servant hasn’t put …………..
(iv) Do you have ……relatives in America?
(v) There are 1.667…….very lazy students in this class.
(vi) We do not know if there are ……….. survivors of the plane crash.(M.P. 2013)
Answer :
(i) some; any,
(ii) some; any,
(iii) some; any,
(iv) any,
(v) some,
(vi) any.

Question 3.
Use “each’ or ‘every’ in the following sentences. Note where both are possible
(i) Nearly ………………. home in Indore has television.
(ii) Not ………………… student is capable of learning Greek.
(iii) Our institute will give ……………. of you a scholarship of Rs. 200.
(iv) They seem to be repairing ………………… road in Bhopal.
(v) ………….. floor of the assembly house has its own fire extinguisher.
Answer :
(i) every,
(ii) every,
(iii) each,
(iv) every,
(v) each/every.

Question 4.
Fill in the blanks with ‘much’ and ‘many’ as required
(i) There were not ………… people present in the meeting.
(ii) Are there ………………… books available on this subject?
(iii) There is not …………… water in Ganga this year.
(iv) …………….. of what he says is wrong.
(v) How ……………. time have you been in Agra?
Answer :
(i) many,
(ii) many,
(iii) much,
(iv) much,
(v) much.

Either and Neither

Either is used before a singular noun to mean ‘one or the other.’ Neither is negative form of either and is also used before singular noun.

Question 5.
Supply ‘either’ or ‘neither :
(i) You cannot use those vegetables …………….. of them is suitable for consumption.
(ii) “When shall we meet, at 7 or at 7.30”. “I do not mind ………………… time is suitable for me.”
(iii) ………………. your mother or your father is on telephone.
(iv) I know you sent two letters. But we have received Uutis. Dul we nave received ……………. of them.
(v) I do not like ………………. of these books.
(vi) ………………. of my sons is a doctor. (M.P. 2013)
Answer :
(i) neither,
(ii) either,
(iii) either,
(iv) neither,
(v) either,
(vi) Neither.

Few and Little
Few suggest a “small number as against many’, it has a negative meaning.
e.g., We hired a large hall, but few spectators turned up.

A few suggests small number as against none, ‘The meaning more like some.’
Little means hardly any. It has a negative meaning.
e.g., He drinks little wine.

A little suggests ‘some quantity as against none.’ It has a positive meaning.
e.g.,
(i) There is little hope of his recovery.
(ii) A little grain they had was damaged by water.

Question 6.
Fill in the blanks with ‘little’ or ‘few’:
(i) ………….. precaution is necessary in handling that machine.
(ii) ………….. information he had was not reliable.
(iii) He showed …………. mercy to the vanquished.
(iv) ………….. knowledge is always dangerous.
(v) He showed …………. concern for his nephew.
(vi) ………….. persons can keep secret.
(vii) ………….. Parsees write Gujrati correctly.
(viii)…………… men are free from faults.
(ix) …………. friends he had were all poor.
(x) ………… towns in India have libraries.
Answer :
(i) Little,
(ii) The little,
(iii) little,
(iv) A little,
(v) little,
(vi) Few,
(vii) A few,
(viii) Few,
(ix) The few,
(x) Few.

III. Prepositions A preposition shows the relationship of a noun to the rest of the sentence.

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with appropriate prepositions :
(i) I recognised him …………. his beard.
(ii) They were married…………………..1992.
(iii) Children don’t go to school ……………. Sundays.
(iv) Eggs are sold ………………. dozens.
(v) They received us ……………… great gusto.
(vi) I often pass ………………… this house.
(vii) We had to walk ………………..ten miles.
(viii) Let us meet …………… the railway station.
(ix) She works ……………. the office opposite the public library.
(x) He went ………….the post office and bought some stamps.
(xi) It is five minutes …………………….. five.
(xii) I paid ten rupees ………… this book.
(xiii) When do I get a train…………………. Raipur?
(xiv) Have you got a key……………………. this lock? (xv) Who gave this………………you?
Answer :
(i) by,
(ii) in,
(iii) on,
(iv) by,
(v) with,
(vi) by,
(vii) about,
(viii) at,
(ix) in,
(x) to,
(xi) to,
(xii) for,
(xiii) for,
(xiv) to,
(xv) to.

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks with preposition :
(i) Sita sits ………….. Leela and Radha.
(ii) Line A and B are parallel……….. each other.
(iii) I have eaten nothing …………. yeșterday.
(iv) What can he do …………. die?
(v) ………… his family all other relatives were also present there.
(vi) He killed two birds …………. one shot.
(vii) He will join school …………… tomorrow.
(viii)…………… being fined, he was sentenced to a term of imprisonment.
(ix) All is lost………….honour.
(x) Jaunpur is famous…………. its perfume.
(xi) The workers are protesting …………. the cut in their wages. (M.P. 2013)
Answer :
(i) between,
(ii) to,
(iii) since,
(iv) but,
(v) besides,
(vi) with,
(vii) from,
(viii) “..ides,
(ix) but,
(x) for,
(xi) for.

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks with preposition :
(i) Silkworms feed ………….. mulberry tree.
(ii) Alcohol is injurious………….. health.
(iii) Marshall Foch covered himself……………glory.
(iv) Early rising is beneficial………………health.
(v) He is too miserly to part……………. money.
(vi) A policeman rescued the child …………………. danger.
(vii) Dogs have antipathy ………….. cats.
(viii) The hotel is adjacent ………….. the station.
(ix) The bridge is …………. the river.
(x) He has no capacity …………..Sustained work.
Answer :
(i) on,
(ii) to,
(iii) with,
(iv) for,
(v) with,
(vi) from,
(vii) with,
(viii) te,
(ix) over,
(x) for

Question 4. Fill in the blanks with prepositions :
(i) What is the time ………. your watch.
(ii) Some people are very sensitive ………. criticism.
(iii) The godown is infested with… rats.
(iv) My brother is weak …….. Mathematics.
(v) The battle resulted ……. a victory.
(vi) We should all aima …… excellence.
(vii) He is dependent. ….. his parents.
(viii) He is devoid …… sense.
(ix) Silkworms feed ………….. mulberry trees.
(x) Oil is good. …. burns.
Answer :
(i) by,
(ii) to,
(iii) with,
(iv) at,
(v) in,
(vi) at,
(vii) on,
(viii) of,
(ix) on,
(x) for.

IV. Modals or Auxiliary Verb
The following are called modal verbs in English :
can, could, may, might, must, will, would, shall, should and ought.
e.g., He might know her address.

Questions and negatives are made without do.
e.g., Can you swim?

After modal auxiliary verbs the infinitive is used without to (ought, is an exception).
e.g., ‘I must remember to write to Vikas.

1. The uses of ‘can’.
“Can’ is the most important verb in English to show ability.

2. Could is used as the past tense form of ‘can’ in reported speech.

3. The use of ‘will’.
‘Will’expresses future plan, promise or agreement.

4. The use of ‘would’.
Polite request for action in the immediate or distant future, is expressed by would.

5. The uses of ‘shall’.
With first and third person, shall is used to express wishes or opinion of the person who is addressed.

6. The uses of ‘should’.
Negative opinions of advisability, past or present, are expressed by should.

7. The uses of ‘ought.
Ought is used to express desirability, moral obligation and duties. It can indicate present or future time.

8. The uses of ‘may’.
The chief use of may is for expression of permission. e.g., You may leave now.

9. The uses of ‘might’.
Might is used to indicate a future possibility if this is looked upon as remote or uncertain.

10. The uses of ‘must’.
“Must’ indicates an obligation, a necessity, which usually comes from outside.

Question 1.
Complete the following sentences using the appropriate verb form in brackets and the expressions ‘must’ or ‘cannot’:
(i) They are not serious, are they? They (joke).
(ii) It (be) Vikas. I am sure it was really Vinay who did it.
(iii) How do you think he is? He (be) in his early, forties.
(iv) How old do you think he is? He (be) more than forty at the most.
(v) I know it was true. He (lie).
(vi) He is joking. He (be) serious.
Answer :
(i) They must be joking,
(ii) It cannot be Vikas,
(iii) He must be in his early forties,
(iv) He cannot be more than forty at the most,
(v) He must have been lying,
(vi) He cannot be serious.

Question 2.
Underline modal in the following sentences :
(i) My brother will leave for Mumbai tomorrow.
(ii) She can sing beautifully.
(iii) He will report for job next Friday.
(iv) He will never tell a lie.
(v) Can I go to see Radha today?
(vi) May I take today’s leave?
(vii) I would rather have a glass of water than sharbat.
(viii) Our plans should be ready by now.
(ix) He might be late due to the trains.
(x) Could you show me the way to city town hall, please?
(xi) There must be some mistake in the planning of ship.
(xii) You need not feel sorry about it.
(xiii) You ought to go and see hiin.
(xiv) Ram used to be a very obedient child at one time.
(xv) I dare not go to Laurence house because of his big dog.
Answer :
(i) will,
(ii) can,
(iii) will,
(iv) will,
(v) Can,
(vi) May,
(vii) would,
(viii) should,
(ix) might,
(x) Could,
(xi) must,
(xii) need,
(xiii) ought,
(xiv) used to,
(xv) dare.

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals :
(i) You must be leaving now. I…………… meet you at the station. (Future)
(ii) He ………………. not pay unless compelled to. (Future)
(iii) You ……………… be punctual. (Duty)
(iv) He said I …………………..use his phone any time. (Permission)
(v) If you step on a snake it………………….bite you. (Prediction)
(vi) Every morning Rahim……………………say his Namaz. (Habitual activity)
(vii) You .. …………….take care of children along with there need. (Duty)
(viii) He is a good orator and …………………. keep his audience glued to their seats.
(Talent) (ix) You …………………not hide from them. (Obligation)
(x) I ………………………. rather go for a walk than by car. (Preference)
Answer :
(i) shall,
(ii) will,
(iii) must,
(iv) may,
(v) may,
(vi) use to,
(vii) must,
(viii) should,
(ix) must,
(x) may.

V. Non-finite

I. Infinitive
The infinitive is the basic form of verb. It is uninflected, i.e., it has no-ing or s or -ed forms that indicate a verb’s grammatical functions. It simply conveys the idea of the action of the verb without limitations of a person, number or mood.

Question 1.
Complete the following sentences with a suitable verb:
(i) Rakhi refused. ……….. me any money.
(ii) Vikas has decided not ………………… a car.
(iii) The thief entered the house because I forget. ………… the window.
(iv) Do not forget ……………….. the letter I gave you.
(V) He joined school to learn ……………… a car.
Answer :
(i) to give,
(ii) to purchase,
(iii) to close,
(iv) to post,
(v) to drive.

Question 2.
Complete the following sentences with a to -infinitive :
(i) Not many people can afford.
(ii) I would like to learn …………….
(iii) One day I hope …………….
(iv) I would not dare ………………
(v) Sometimes I tend ………………..
Answer :
(i) to buy a car,
(ii) to drive a car,
(iii) to be a teacher,
(iv) to challenge him,
(v) to envy you.

Question 3.
Underline infinite verb in the following sentences or convert it into gerund:
(i) They always find fault with me.
(ii) He wants to buy a new house.
(iii) Order him to go there.
(iv) You need not do it.
(v) l.found him look for a house.
(vi) Shekhar by experience he was ill.
(vii) I heard his name called twice.
Answer :
Underline the words,
(i) find,
(ii) buy,
(iii) go,
(iv) do,
(v) look,
(vi) experience,
(vii) call.

II. Gerund

Gerunds are non-finite verb forms ending in -ing which function as noun. The follow ing are the functions of a gerund :
(a) As the subject of a verb : Smoking is injurious to health Seeing is believing.

(b) As the object of transitive verb:
Rakhi likes seeing pictures.
Neha likes talking to her friends.

(c) As the object of a preposition :
Kavita is fond of reading novels.
I am interested in enjoying the singing of the bird.

(d) As a complement of the verb :
Seeing is believing.
What is harmful in smoking?

Here are some rules for the use of gerunds :
(a) Whenever a verb is used after a preposition or a phrasal verb the gerund form is used:
Neha is good at playing badminton.
Neha is good at to play tennis.
Vikas is thinking of taking a new course.
She insisted on seeing her.
He was accused of smuggling.

(b) Some expressions ending in ‘to’ take gerund form:
We looked forward to working with him.
They are used to playing bridge.

(c) Some transitive verbs, which take noun objects, also take gerunds as subjects :
She avoided meeting her mother.
Anurag hates writing homework.

(d) Gerunds are required after the following commonly used verbs :
Admire, admit, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, await, comment, upon, complete, can’t help, count on, depend on, deplore, disapprove of, discuss, dispense with, encourage, en dorse, enjoy, escape from, evaluate, examine, finish, give up, go on, guard against, inquire into, joke about, justify, long for, neglect, postpone, react against, reflect on, think about, succeed in, wonder about.

(e) The following verbs are commonly followed by the infinitive and not the gerund:
Aim, agree, appear, arrange, aspire, beg, care, choose, consent, decide, expect, fail, learn, look, manage, mean, need, plot, promise, prepare, refuse, resolve, seem, struggle, undertake, wait, wish, yearn.

He decided to become a doctor.
(not, He decided becoming a doctor.)

(f) While referring to a past action gerund can be used :
He accepted having left without permission.
His having left the job without permission went against him.

Question 4.
Underline gerund in the following sentences :
e.g., He is fond of swimming.

(i) Making plan is in hand.
(ii) Hunting tiger is a favourite sports of man.
(iii) Children love making mud castles.
(iv) He rushed into the field and foremost fighting fell.
(v) He wears a worried look.
Answer :
Underline the words :
(i) blinded,
(ii) misspent,
(iii) creaking,
(iv) fighting,
(v) worried.

Question 7.
Combine the sentences by using participles :
(i) Spring advancing. The swallows appear.
Answer :
When spring advances the swallows appear.

(ii) Being a very hot day. I remained in my tent.
Answer :
It being a very hot day I remained in my tent.

(iii) Entering the room. The light was quite dazzling.
Answer :
Entering the room I found the light quite dazzling.

(iv) The porter opened the gate. We entered.
Answer :
When the porter opened the gate we entered.

(v) We started early. We arrived at noon.
Answer :
As we had started early we arrived at noon.

(vi) Having done his lesson he went out to play.
Answer :
After doing his lesson he went out to play.

(vii) He hurts his foot. He stopped walking.
Answer :
Hurting his foot he stopped walking.

(viii) He felt tired. He stopped his work.
Answer :
Feeling tired he stopped his work.

(ix) He had done his lesson. He went out to play. (M.P. 2013)
Answer :
Having done his lesson, he went out to play.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions

MP Board Class 11th Special English Poems Important Questions

MP Board Class 11th Special English Chapter 1 Patriotism Important Questions and Answers

I. Read the following stanzas carefully and answer the questions given below : [M.P. 2015]

1. Breathes there the man with soul so dead,
Who never to himself hath said,
“This is my own, my native land! ”
Whose heart hath never within him burn’d,
As home his footsteps he hath turn’d,
From wandering in a foreign strand!

Questions :
(i) What meaning does the word ‘breathe’ convey?
(ii) Whose soul does the poet say is dead?
(iii) What does the poet imply by ……….. As home his footsteps he hath turned’?
(iv) Who has composed this poem?
(v) Find the antonyms the words ‘alive’ and ‘native’ from the lines given above.
Answers :
(i) The word ‘breathe’ stands for a person who is alive.
(ii) A person who does not love his native land.
(iii) Returning home.
(iv) Sir Walter Scott.
(v) Alive – dead, Native – foreign.

2. Despite Those titles, power and peef, [M.P. 2013]
The wretch, concentred all in self,
Living, shall forfeit fair renown?
And doubly dying shall go down.

Questions :
(i) Who is a ‘wretch’?
(ii) Why does the poet says the powerful man will lose his reputation?
(iii) Explain the meaning of the expression ‘doubly dying’
(iv) Find the word in the stanza similar in meaning of
(a) money, (b) lose.
Answers :
(i) A ‘wretch’ is a man who does not love his native land.
(ii) The poet says this because a man without love for his native land does not deserve any power.
(iii) The expressions ‘doubly dying’ means that a man without patriotic feeling is almost dead and after his real death no one remembers him. It is another death.
(iv) (a) pelf, (b) forfeit.

II. Answer the following questions in one sentence :

Question 1.
Whose soul does the poet say is ‘dead’?
Answer :
The soul of one who has no love for his native land is ‘dead’.

Question 2.
Who does the poet ask to mark well?
Answer :
One who does not love his native land.

Question 3.
What delights the minstrel?
Answer :
The return of a patriotic person to his motherland delights the minstrel.

Question 4.
How can a person doubly die? (Imp)
Answer :
An unpatriotic man is almost dead and after his real death no one remembers him which is another death.

Question 5.
What is meant by ‘vile dust?
Answer :
“Vile dust is used in the sense that is given birth to a person without love for his native land.

III. Answer the following questions in 100 to 150 words :

Question 1.
What happens to a person who returns home from a foreign land? (M.P. 2012)
Answer :
The return of a person from a foreign land is a matter of great joy. It is his love and attraction to his native land that brings him home. He feels proud. He is confident and proudly declares that ‘this is my home, my native land all the time. He feels delight of his feeling and love for nation. People welcome him with all pride and pleasure. The minstrel entertains him with all his art and skill. He is given honour and name and fame. He becomes an ideal man. He makes his country great. He brought all laurels for his native land. Such a person becomes a role model. The nation feels proud to have such a patriotic son of the soil.

Question 2.
What does the poet mean by ‘for him so minstrel raptures swell’?
Answer :
The poet in this poem deals with the theme of patriotism. He feels that a man who loves his country is great. He is the real son of the soil. The poet hardly believes that there would be anyone who has no love for his native land. There is perhaps no one whose soul is not ecstatic at the feeling of his land. A person with such a feeling of love for nation is worthy of all our praise and honour. Whenever he returns home after wandering from foreign lands, he is welcomed warmly. But the man with no such feeling is a bad name for the nation. He does not deserve any praise or honour. No minstrel tries to praise him or honour him.

Question 3.
Write a note to justify the title of the poem.
Answer :
The poem Patriotism deals with the similar theme of patriotism. All through the poem, the poet talks about the man who has love for his native land. Such a man gets praise and position everywhere. Minstrels honour him with all pleasure. Even after his death he is remembered forever. His death becomes a national mourning. The poet also talks about the person who has no patriotic feeling for his nation. Such a man does not deserve any praise. Despite his power and position, he lives unknown and dies unnoticed. No one weeps for him. As the poem only present the aspects of patriotism, the title becomes appropriate.

Question 4.
What are the attributes of a patriot? (M.P. 2009)
Answer :
A patriot deserves all kinds of honour and affection. He is given high respect by his countrymen. If he comes back from foreign countries, he is worthy of reputation. If he comes back from foreign countries, he is warranty received by them. Minstrels praise him highly in their notes. Even after death, he is paid tribute by weeping countrymen. The people of entire nation remember his death. Poets admire him through poem. The writers praise him in their essays and volumes. He never dies unwept, unhonoured and unsung.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Chapter 4 The Brook Important Questions and Answers

I. Read the given extracts from the poem carefully and answer the questions given below:

1. I come from haunts of coot hern;
I make a sudden sally
And sparkle out among the fern,
To bicker down a valley.

Questions :
(i) What is the birth place of the brook?
(ii) What type of poem is it?
(iii) What does the word bicker point out?
(iv) Name two water birds mentioned in the passage?
(v) How does the brook come out after its birth?
Answers :
(i) The birth place of the brook is actually the haunt of water birds like coot and hern.
(ii) It is an autobiographical poem.
(iii) The word bicker point out the noise created by the brook when it flows.
(iv) The two water birds mentioned are coot and hern.
(v) The brook gushes out in a sudden sally after its birth.

2. I chatter over stony ways,
In title sharps and trebles,
I bubble into eddying bays,
I babble on the pebbles, (Imp)

Questions :
(i) What does the word “heater points out”?
(ii) What difference do these two words ‘bubble’ and ‘babble’ point out?
(iii) Choose the word which point outs movement and one word which points out sound?
(iv) Choose an aliteration from the stanza.
(v) What figure of speech is used in the stanza.
Answers :
(i) The word ‘chatter’ points out that while passing over the stony ways it is creating heavy noise.
(ii) The word bubble points out that when the brook flows in the spiral movement of water its noise is lost. But when it strikes on the pebble it
produces a high pitched sound as if expressing its happiness.
(iii) The word which points out movement is bubble and the word which points out sound is babble.
(iv) The aliteration used in ‘bubble-bays’.
(v) In this poem brook has been personified. Brook has been indicated as a human being.

3. I slip, I slide, I gloom, I glance
Among my skimming swallows
I make the netted sunbeam dance
Against my sandy shallows. (Imp)

Questions:
(i) Which words points out its carefree nature?
(ii) What does the word ‘netted’ point out?
(iii) How is ‘I responsible for making sunbeam dance?
(iv) Explain the picturesque view of the stanza in a sentence or two.
Answers :
(i) The carefree nature is pointed out by the words: slip, slide, gloom, galnce.
(ii) The word ‘netted’ means captured.
(iii) The brook is making the rays of its sun to flicker light on its flowing water. It seems as if the sun rays are dancing on the brook.
(iv) The brook passes along the shallow by filtering along the sun rays falling on it.

4. Tilt last by Philips farm
I flow To join the brimming river.
For men may come and men may go
But I go on for ever (Imp)

Questions :
(i) What does it cross before reaching teh phillips farm?
(ii) What does the expression brimming river point out?
(iii) What paralletism does this poem have with man?
(iv) What lesson there lines teach you?
(v) Choose a word which means ‘full’.
Answers :
(i) Before reaching the philips farm it eroses the hills, ridges, towards and bridges.
(ii) The enpression brimming river point out that the river is overflowing with water as the brook brings walis in it.
(iii) The parallelism that this poem have with man is that men may go but the brook keeps on flowing for ever.
(iv) These lines teach us a lesson that we should be strong and determined.
(v) ‘Brimming is the word which means “Full’. II. Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each :

Question 1.
Who is the ‘l’ in the poem and what does he do throughout the poem?
Answer :
The ‘I’ in the poem is the stream. He flows and flows throughout the poem and never stops.

Question 2.
Identify the places that the brook travels through. Make a list of the items.
Answer :
A list of the items :

• thirty hills
• twenty hamlets
• fifty bridges
• philip’s form
• many fields and fallows
• many lawns and grassy plots.

Question 3.
Where does the brook flow to an what happens in the end? (Imp)
Answer :
The brook flows to the river. Along with the river water it continues its movement on forever.

III. Explain the following:

(i) For men may come and men may go,
But I go on forever.
Answer :
Generation after generation of men come and die but the brook continues to flows forever. The movement of brook is a never-ending process. It means that men may come and go but the world goes on as ever.

(ii) I chatter over stony ways,.
In little sharps and trebles
I bubble into eddying bays
I babble on the bays.
Answer :
The brook is a small stream. It creates tremendous noise where it passes over the stony ways. When it flows in the circular movement of water its noise is reduced. But when it strikes in the pebble it produces shall sound as if expressing its happiness.

(iii) What is the poet referring to when he says:
And draw them all along, and flow
To join the brimming river.
Answer :
The poet explains the onward movement of the brook which moves on and on to join the brimming river. All over its way it crosses and meets with many foamy flakes, silver water-break, golden gravel. It takes them all with its flow and gives them too a larger meaning to their existence.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Chapter 6 Cherry Tree Important Questions and Answers

I. Read the following stanzas carefully and answer the questions that follow them :

1. Since I placed my cherry seed in the grass, (Imp)
“Must have a tree of my own, I said,
And watered it once and went to bed
And forgot.

Questions :
(i) Who is ‘I’ in these lines?
(i) What did ‘l’ do eight years ago?
(iii) Why did ‘I’ do so?
(iv) What did ‘I’ do after that?
(v) Give a word from the stanza which is opposite to ‘remembered’.
Answers :
(i) ‘I’ in these lines is the poet-the narrator.
(ii) l’ placed a cherry seed in the grass eight years ago.
(iii) ‘I’ did so thinking it to be a tree of his own.
(iv) ‘I’ watered it once and then forgot it.
(v) ‘Forgot’.

2. Goats ate the leaves, the grass cutter’s scythe
split it apart and a monsoon blight
Shrivelled the slender stem …………. Even so.

Questions :
(i) What is being talked about her in these lines?
(ii) What did the goats do to it?
(iii) What did the monsoon blight do to the tree?
(iv) How was the tree split apart?
(v) Give a word from the above stanza similar in meaning to ‘thin’.
Answers :
(i) A little cherry tree is being talked about here.
(ii) The goats ate the leaves of the tree.
(iii) The monsoon blight made its stem shrivelled and slender.
(iv) The tree was split apart by the grasscutter’s scythe.
(v) ‘slender’.

3. Eight years have passed
Since I placed my cherry seed in the grass.
“Must have a tree of my own,’ I said,
And watered it once and went to bed
And forgot, but cherries have a way of growing,
Though no one’s caring very much or knowing.

Questions
(i). Where did the poet plant the cherry seed?
(ii) Why did he do so?
(iii) What mistake did he commit?
(iv) What does the poet mean byʻ….cherries have a way of growing?
(v) Find the antonyms the words “remembered’ and ‘little’ from the lines given above.
Answer:
(i) The poet planted the cherry seed in the grass.
(ii) He wanted to have a tree of his own.
(iii) He forgot to water the plant.
(iv) Unlike other plants which require constant care, cherries grow unattended. –
(v) remembered = forgot, little = much.

II. On the basis of the reading of the poem, answer the questions :

Question 1.
What difficulties did the cherry tree face in growing up? (Imp)
Answer :
The difficulties that the cherry tree faced in growing up were that: he it was not watered. It was suppressed by the tall, wild grass, Goats often ate up its leaves. Grasscutter scythe it and split it apart.

Question 2.
What is the miracle? How was it caused by time and rain? (Imp)
Answer :
The miracle is something that is thought to be done by some divine or super natural power. Here, time and rain caused the growth and bloom of the cherry tree despite all its difficulties.

Question 3.
What does the poet refer to in ‘five month’s child?
Answer :
The poet refers to the cherry tree as ‘five month’s child.

Question 4.
The poet says, Its arms in fresh fierce lust’. What do ‘Its arms’ stand for?
Answer :
Its are stand for the branches of the cherry tree.

Question 5.
Mention two things that the poet saw when he was trying to look at the sky through the leaves of the cheery tree.
Answer :
The two things that the poet saw when he was trying to look at the sky through the leaves of the cherry tree were.
(i) The finches which flew and flitted.

(A) What is the poet trying to say in the expression ‘cherries have a way of growing? (Imp)
Answer :
By the expression cherries have a way of growing the poet means to say that cherry is tree and hence a natural object. Nature has its own way to protect its world. So, despite all hurdles the cherry tree grows and blooms. There is no power which can stop the process of nature.

(B) What do you understand by the following expression?
Write a sentence for each expression to bring out its meaning :
1. grass running wild
2. monsoon blight
3. growing pains
4. sleepiest breeze
5. dappled green
6. blue blind sky
7. fresh fiercest lust.
Answer :
1. Grass running wild : The cherry tree is covered with grass that has grown on it.
2. Growing pains : The monsoon blight has adversely affected the growth of the plant.
3. Growing pains : I was very much depressed at the growing pains at every step.
4. Sleepiest breeze : The sleepiest breeze soothed my hurt feelings.
5. Dappled green : It was strange to see the bees drinking nectar through dappled green.
6. Blue blind sky: The blue blind sky fascinated me.
7. Fresh fierest lust : No fresh fierest lust could affect my way.

III. Objective Type Questions :

Choose the correct answer from the giving options :
(i) The poem ‘Cherry Tree’ has been composed by:
(Ruskin Bond, P.B. Shelley, William Wordsworth, None of these)

(ii) The poet compares the small cherry plant with a :
(kid, young boy, an adult person, five month child)

(iii) The poet loves the cherry tree very much and call it :
(the national tree, the international tree, the tree of his own)

(iv)“Shrivelled the slender stem …………. Even so” is the example of:
(simple metaphor, alliteration, none of these)
Answers :
(i) Ruskin Bond.
(ii) five month child.
(iii) the tree of his own.
(iv) alliteration

MP Board Class 11th Special English Chapter 7 Mercy Tree Important Questions and Answers

I. Read the following stanzas carefully and answer the questions given below :

1. The quality of mercy is not strained; (M.P. 2009, 11)
It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven
Upon the place beneath. It is twice blest
It blesseth him that gives, and him that takes.

Questions :
(i) What is talked about in these lines?
(ii) How does the poet qualify, mercy?
(iii) For whom is the mercy a bliss?
(iv) Give a word from the stanza similar in meaning to ‘forced’.
Answers :
(i) Mercy is talked about here in these lines.
(ii) The poet qualifies mercy as gentle rain from heaven.
(iii) Mercy is a bliss both for the giver and the taker.
(iv) Strained.

2. It is enthroned in the hearts of kings,
It is an attribute to God himself.
And earthly power then show likest God’s
When mercy season’s life……….

Questions :
(i) What does mercy do with the king?
(ii) What is mercy?
(iii) When it becomes a divine grace?
(iv) Give a word from the above stanza which is opposite in meaning to dethroned.
Answers :
(i) Mercy is enthroned in the hearts of kings.
(ii) Mercy is an attribute to God. It is unearthy power.
(iii) It becomes divine grace when combined with justice.
(iv) To enthroned.

II. Write answer of the following questions in one sentence :

Question 1.
But mercy is above this sceptred sway. Explain.
Answer :
It is above the sceptred sway because it is enthroned in the hearts of the kings.

Question 2.
Why does the poet believe that ‘earthly power then show likest God’s when mercy seasons justice…….?
Answer :
The poet tells so because it appears to be God when it administers justice.

Question 3.
His scepter shows the force of temporal power,
The attribute to awe and majesty,
(a) What is an attribute to awe and majesty?
(b) What does show the force of temporal power?
Answer :
(a) An attribute to awe and majesty is force.
(b) The scepter shows the force of temporal powers.

Question 4.
It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven.
Upon the place beneath. It is twice blest.
It blesseth him that gives, and him that takes.
(a) What is mercy compared above lines?
(b) How is mercy twice-blessed.
Answer :
(a) Mercy is compared with the gentle rain that drops from heaven. :
(b) Mercy is double blessings. On the one hand, it is a boon for the one who gives and a blessing for the other who takes.

III. Write the answer to the following questions in two or three sentences each :

Question 1.
What is the quality of mercy?
Answer :
Mercy is a super divine power. It is not a binding obligation but self-generating thing.

Question 2.
What makes mercy twice-blessed?
Answer :
On the once hand mercy falls upon the giver as a gift of God and on the other it obliges the taker.

Question 3.
What does quality a monarch more-mercy or throne, Why?
Answer :
It is mercy that qualifies a monarch more. A monarch, by showing mercy, can win the hearts of his subjects.

Question 4.
What does the scepter show?
Answer :
It shows the force of temporal power.

Question 5.
What is an attribute of God himself?
Answer :
It is mercy itself.

Question 6.
What happens when mercy is tempered with justice?
Answer :
When mercy is tempered with justice, it becomes divine.

IV. Write answer to the following questions in about 150 words :

Question 1.
How does mercy bless the giver and the taker alike? (Imp)
Answer :
Mercy is a human virtue. When combined with justice, it becomes divine grace. Then it transcends worldly power. One who shows mercy finds himself in a state of fulfilment. In this way Mercy blesses the giver and the taker alike.

V. Objective Type Questions :

Choose the correct answer from the giving options :
(i) The poem “Mercy’ has been composed by: [M.P. 2013]
(John Keats, William Shakespeare, P.B. Shelley, S.T. Coleridge)

(ii) The poem “Mercy’ is an extract from Shakespeares :
(The merchant of Venice, Mid Summer Nights dream, Othello, Twelfth Night)

(iii) “It dropeth as the gentle rain from heaven”. It is an example of:
(an alliteration, simple, personification)

(iv) According to the poet’s view mercy is :
(British quality, divine quality of man, rare quality, the quality of every living being)
Answers :
(i) William Shakespeare.
(ii) The merchant of Venice.
(iii) Alliteration.
(iv) Divine quality of man.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Chapter 9 To a Skylark Important Questions and Answers

I. Read the following stanzas carefully and answer the questions given below :

1. Hail to thee, blithe spirit !
Bird thou never wert
That form heaven or near it
Pourest they full heart
In profuse strains of unpremeditated art.
Higher still and higher
From the earth thou springest, like a cloud of fire,
The blue deep thou wingest,
And singing still does soar and soaring ever singest.

Questions :
(i) Who is ‘Thee’ in these lines?
(ii) What does the poet mean by ‘blithe spirit?
(iii) What does the bird do?
(iv) From where does the bird spring and where does it go?
(v) Find a word from the lines which means same as “unplanned’.
Aņswers :
(i) ‘Thee’ is the skylark (a bird).
(ii) The poet means a carefree and light-hearted bird.
(iii) The bird spring from the earth and it goes higher and higher in the sky.
(v) ‘Premeditated’.

2. Like a high-born baliin
In a palace tower,
Soothing her love-laden
Soul in secret hour
With music sweet as love, which overflows her bower
Like a glow-worm golden
In a dell of dew,
Scattering unbeholden
Its aerial hue
Among the flowers and grass which screen it from the view :

Questions :
(i) Who does the poet compose with the bird in the first given stanza?
(ii) What does she do?
(iii) What is the effect of her music?
(iv) What is composed with in the second stanza given here?
(v) Find a word from the above stanzas which is similar in meaning to ‘invisible’.
Answers :
(i) The bird is compared with a high-born maiden.
(ii) She soothes her love-laden soul.
(iii) Her music overflows her power.
(iv) Here, the bird is compared with glow worm.
(v) ‘Unbeholden’.

3. Teach us, sprite or bird,
What sweet thoughts are thine :
I have never heard
Praise of love or wine
That panted forth a flood of rapture so divine.
Chorus hymeneal,
Or trimumphal chant,
Match’d with thine would be all
But an empty vaunt
A thing wherein we feel there is some hidden want.

Questions :
(i) What does the poet ask the bird to teach him?
(ii) What has the poet never heard?
(iii) What is chorus?
(iv) What does the poet guess in the bird’s song?
(v) Give a word from the above stanzas which is similar in meaning to victory’.
Answers :
(i) The poet asks the bird to teach him the secret of its song.
(ii) The poet has never heard a song as sweet and divine as that of the bird.
(iii) Chorus is givup song.
(iv) The poet guesses that there is some hidden want in the bird’s song.
(v) triumphal’.

4. We look before and after, (M.P. 2010) (Imp)
And pine for what is not
Our sincerest laughter With some pain is fraught;
Our sweetest songs are those that tell of saddest thought.

Questions :
(i) What human weakness that the poet finds in these lines?
(ii) What does the poet mean by ‘sincerest laughter’?
(iii) What are our sweetest songs?
(iv) Give the opposite word from the above stanza for “enjoy’.
Answers :
(i) The poet finds that human being looks before and after and feels sad for what is not.
(ii) By “sincerest laughter’ the poet means extreme happiness.
(iii) Our sweetest songs are those that express our saddest thought.
(iv) ‘pine’.

II. Answer the following questions briefly :

Question 1.
Why is Shelley not able to define the Skylark? How does the Skylark exceed the capacity of human language to describe its qualities or the qualities of its song? (M.P. 2015, Imp)
Answer :
Shelley finds himself unable to define the Skylark exactly. It is because the Skylark is not seen. It is carefree and cheerful bird without any physical frame. Its spontaneous overflow of song creates mysteries in the mind of the poet. Its song pervades the entire universe. Unlike human being it is never sad. In this sense it surpasses us.

Question 2.
Why does the poet use the similes in place of direct definition? Do they adequately describe the Skylark?
Answer :
In place of direct definition the poet uses the similes like ‘blithe spirit’, ‘unbodied joy’, These similes exactly suit the skylark. It is because it sings spontaneously. It is above all the cares and fears. It is hardly visible, Still is soothes the whole $ world.

Question 3.
What prevents the poet from singing like the Skylark? Why is the Skylark’s song is better than even the best productions of human genius, language
and emotion?
Answer :
The poet feels that he cannot sing like Skylark because being a human, he is full of vices like hate, pride and fear which prevent him to compete with Skylark. It is human nature that we look to the past and future feel sad for what we have not. The bird is above all these feelings.

Question 4.
Why does poet call the Skylark’s song “unpremeditated art”?
Answer :
The poet calls the Skylark’s song “unpremeditated art” because it flows spontaneously with varying mood. It has a tremendous kind of joy and freedom, which is not possible with a preplanned art.

Question 5.
Why does the poet compare the Skylark’s flight to an unbodied joy?
Answer :
The Skylark’s melodious note resounds and echo in the whole earth and air. But the bird is not visible anywhere as it flies higher and higher, Still its presence is felt somewhere nearby. So, the poet calls its flight as an ‘unbodied joy’.

Question 6.
Why does the poet compare the loud voice of the bird with rain? Why is the Skylark’s song called “rain of melody”?
Answer :
As the musical notes of the bird seem to be falling direct from heaven spontaneously and soar in the whole atmosphere so the poet feels it is like rain. The melody of Skylark pours joy and natural freedom. There is no shadow of sadness near it. So, the poet calls it ‘rain of melody’.

Question 7.
What does the poet ask the bird to teach him?
Answer :
The poet asks the bird to teach at least half of the gladness that the bird’s brain possesses. The poet has a wish to immortalize the bird’s song and make the world feel the joy that the bird pours as the poet imagines and enjoys.

Question 8.
What does the poet lament about the mortals? (Imp)
Answer :
The poet in no way feels human beings to be near the greatness of the bird. It is because we have become a prey to vices like hate pride and fear. We look forward and backward and feel sad for what we have not. The bird is free from all these vices and it is grater than us.

III. Objective Type Questions :

Choose the correct answer from the giving options :

(i) Waking or asleep
Thou of death must deem
things more true and deep
than we martals dream.

Name of the poem from which these lines have been taken.
(To a Skylark, The brook, Patriotism)
Answers :
(i) “The critic’ is the frog.
(ii) He had said that the nightingale’s song was not so bad but it was unduly long. He had further said that the nightingale’s rendering was fine, but her song lacked force.
(iii) The nightingale was greatly flattered and impressed by his criticism.
(iv) She is submissive and perhaps brainless also.

3. And the ticket office gross
Crashed and she grew more morose
For her ears were now addicted
To applause quite unrestricted,
And to sing into the night
All alone gave no delight

Questions :
(i) Why had the ticket office collection fallen?
(ii) How did it affect the nightingale?
(iii) Who else was affected by it? And why?
(iv) Why was the nightingale no longer delighted to sing?
Answers :
(i) The ticket office collection had fallen because fewer audience would coine now to hear her song.
(ii) The nightingale grew miserable.
(iii) The frog was affected by it because the ticket office collection would go into his pocket.
(iv) The nightingale now used to sing to a large audiene. So, she was no longer delighted to sing alone.

III. Objective Type Questions :

Choose the correct answer from the giving options.
(i) The poem “The frog and Nightigale” has been composed by:
(Mary Howrin, Andrew Barlon, Ben Johnson, Vikram Seth)

(ii) There lived a frog that croaked under a :
(Sumac tree, coconut tree, banyan tree, oak tree)

(iii) The frog croaked under á sumac tree :
(throughout the day, throughout the night, throughout the summer, throu ghout the winter)

(iv) The next night when the nightingale got ready to sing, she was started by:
(loud noise, loud thundering sound, sudden flash, croaking of a frog)
Answers :
(i) Vikram Seth.
(ii) Sumac tree.
(iii) throughout the night.
(iv) croaking of a frog.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Chapter 13 Peace Important Questions and Answers

I. Read the following stanzas carefully and answer the questions given below :

1. Behold, it comes in might,
The power that is not power,
The light that is in darkness,
The shade in dazzling light,
It is joy that never spoke,
And grief unfelt, profound.

Questions :
(i) What is ‘it’ in the above lines?
(ii) How does “it’ come?
(iii) What sort of power is it?
(iv) Where does this light appcar?
(v) What sort of joy is it?
Answers :
(i) ‘It’ stands for the ultimate need of life.
(ii) ‘It’ comes in might.
(iii) It is the power that is really not a power.
(iv) This light appears in darkness.
(v) It is the joy that is never spoken.

2. It is sweet rest in music.
And pause in sacred art.
The silence between speaking,
Between two fits of passion
It is the calm of heart.

Questions :
(i) What type of rest is ‘it’?
(ii) What does the second line in the above stanza signify?
(iii) Explain the meaning of the third line.
(iv) Give the opposite word from the stanza for ‘start.
Answers :
(i) ‘It’ is the sweet rest.
(ii) The second line signifies that it is the pause in the sacred art that heightens its beauty.
(iii) It means that the silence in the midst of speaking is rejuvenation of strength.
(iv) Pause’.

3. To it the tear-drop goes,
To spread the smiling form
It is the smiling form
It is the Goal of Life,
And Peace-its only home!

Questions :
(i) What happens to tear-drop?
(ii) What does ‘it’ do to tear-drop?
(iii) What is its form?
(iv) What do you mean by ‘goal of life’?
Answers :
(i) ‘It’ absorbs the tear-drops.
(ii) ‘It spreads the tear-drops in the smiling form.
(iii) Its form is smiling.
(iv) It means the ultimate aim of one’s life.

II. Answer the following questions :

Question 1.
“Behold, it comes in might ……….’ in this line, what is implied by ‘it?
Answer :
‘It’ implies the ‘eternal peace’.

Question 2.
What does the poet mean by ‘eternal death unmourned”?
Answer :
By this expression, the poet means the death which hasn’t been mourned for it being for salvation and eternity.

Question 3.
Explain the following lines :
It is sweet rest in music
And pause in sacred art;
Answer :
Here the poet signifies peace in the sense that it is a rest for rejuvenation during music and pause during a sacred art. Such rest gives a new gain of energy.

III. Answer the following questions in one sentence :

Question 1.
What is the ‘Goal of life?
Answer :
The ‘Goal of life’ is salvation.

Question 2.
Where does the spirit return to?
Answer :
The spirit return to eternity.

Question 3.
What sort of joy and sorrow does the poet refer to?
Answer :
The poet refers to the joy never spoken and sorrow never felt.

Question 4.
What is it that joins might and the next day?
Answer :
Peace joins might and the next day.

Question 5.
What element is present in silence admist two fits of passion?
Answer :
Eternal peace is present in silence admist two fits of passion.

Question 6.
Give the central idea of poem.
Answer :
The central idea of poem is to attain real eternal salvation and peace of inind. Spirit is immortal.

IV. Answer the following questions in about 150 words :

Question 1.
Why does the poet say that it is ‘death between two lives’? (M.P. 2010, 11, 12)
Answer :
The poet is highly philosophical in this poem. Here he highlights the ultimate peace of life. As the all-pervading force, it maintains the harmony needed to energies the human spirit. It is a state of our existence that inspires us to rise above worldly limitations and appreciates real power, joy, beauty and knowledge. The poet believes in the life after death, i.e., the life or eternity of spirit. He says that peace is there, i.e., death which can be said to be just an internal or pause which one takes to rejuvenate one’s strength and vigour. It is the element which one to begin a new life with more enthusiasm. It is a divine bliss.

Question 2.
Write the summary of the poem “Peace’. (M.P. 2013, 15)
Answer :
‘Peace’, by Swami Vivekananda, is a spiritual poem, signifying the ultimate need of life. The poem starts as invocation to attend the real self for solving the worldly problems. It refers to the inner self, or the spirit. By pointing to the everlasting quality of the human spirit, the poet has tried to speak for coming to terms with one’s own self. Living through the outer world, the uneasy mind is forced to take sides. It is, therefore, necessary to find harmony whereby confrontation is avoided. For this the need to realize one’s true bearing is important. In fact, ‘it’ foregrounds the meaning of the poem, which calls for responding to all-encompassing inner self.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Chapter 16 The Captive Air of Chandipur Important Questions and Answers

I. Read the following stanzas carefully and answer the questions given below :

1. Or of smells paralysed through the centuries, of deltas hard and white that stretched once.
to lure the feet of women bidding their men goodbye?
Or of salt and light that dark and provocative eyes
demanded, their shoulders drooping like lotuses in the noondays sun?

Questions :
(i) What is stretched along the sea beach?
(ii) What does it do?
(iii) Why do women come there?
(iv) What is compared with ‘lotuses in the noonday sun?
(v) What is the meaning of ‘drooping’?
Answer:
(i) White sandy land is stretched along the sea beach.
(ii) It lures the feet of women.
(iii) Women come there to bid their men goodbye.
(iv) The drooping shoulders of the men is compared with ‘lotuses in the noonday sun’.
(v) ‘Weak.

2. The ground seems only a memory now, a turn breath (M.P. 2009)
and as we wait for the tide to flood the mudflats
the song that reaches our ears is just our own
The cries of fishermen come drifting through the spray.
music of what the world has lost.

Questions :
(i) What does the ground seem to be?
(ii) Why do we wait?
(iii) What is the song that reaches our ears?
(iv) What does drift through the spray?
(v) Explain the last line.
Answer :
(i) The ground seems to be only a memory of a tom breath.
(ii) We wait for the tide.
(iii) It is the song just our own that echo in our ears.
(iv) The cries of fishermen drift through the spray.
(v) It is the music of the world that is lost in the tide.

II. Read the following lines from the poem and write answers to the questions given below :

Question 1.
Who can tell of the songs of this sea that go on to baffle and double the space around our lives?
(a) What does the poet mean by ‘to baffle’?
(b) What is implied by the songs of sea’?
Answer :
(a) Sea appears to be a mystery. It often confuses us. The poet means that sea which is calm works violently and takes lives of fishermen silently.
(b) ‘The song of sea’ is the tale of struggle of the fishermen and nature people of Chandipur are destined to die. Still they struggle.

Question 2.
Of deltas hard and white that stretched once to lure the feet of women bidding their men goodbye?
(a) Why did the destas lure the feet of women?
(b) Why did the women bid goodbye to men?
Answer :
(a) Delta is the stretch of land piece from where the river meets the sea. Here delta is said to lure the women with new hopes for life.
(b) Because they know the fate of their men which make them bid goodbye to them.

III. Answer the following questions in a few sentences :

Question 1.
What is meant by ‘the ridicule of the dead’? (Imp)
Answer :
“The ridicule of the dead’ signifies that the men think themselves to be warrior and powerful but they can’t beat nature. Sea is almighty. It destroys the lives of fishermen. Hence, this lines mocks men’s might.

Question 2.
Who is the ‘occupant of the silent sigh of the conch’?
Answer :
Fishermen of Chandipur are the occupants of the silent sigh of the conch. They are destined to lose their lives in their struggle against the tide.

Question 3.
Why does the poet call the sea at Chandipur drunk?
Answer :
The sea at Chandipur is called so because it is violent and shows no mercy to the fishermen to struggle against it. The sea overpowers the whole region.

Question 4.
How do ‘songs of sea’ double the space around our lines?
Answer :
The sea is the killer for the fishermen of Chandipur. The fishermen knew the truth and lost their life. Still they fought. The songs of sea gives them courage and remain them of the brave struggle of their forefathers.

Question 5.
Why does the poet says that the ground is only a memory now? (Imp)
Answer :
The poet says that the ground is only a memory now because lives have been lost. The fishermen who went on their struggle did not return. They have been killed.

Question 6.
What has the world lost?
Answer :
The world has lost the lives of the fishermen who had gone on the search of their livelihood. The tide swallowed them. The violent cruel sea showed no mercy to them.

IV. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each :

Question 1.
Why does the poet say that the song that reaches our ears is our own’? (Imp)
Answer :
The Captive Air of Chandipur-on-Sea’ is a poem that relives the tale of struggle between Man and Nature in the background of the seascape at Chandipur. It recounts the nostalgia about he lost labour and efforts of our predecessors in the conquest of Nature. The poet with all realistic touches explains how the sea waves wash away the lives of people Įiving at Chandipur. The tide swallows them while they are on the search for their livelihood. They know their fate. Their forefathers had lost their lives while trying to conquer the sea. Nature is all powerful. No one can win over it. Hence they are ready to face whatever comes to them. Still they celebrate their living. They wait for their fate. They sing songs of their misery and this echoes in their ears.

Question 2.
What does the poet glorify in the poem, Why? [M.P. 2013]
Answer :
This poem is all about the struggle between man and nature. People of Chandipur are all set to meet their fateful end in the sea. They meet their end in the waves of sea. The tide engulf them. Still they struggle for their life. They go in the sea in search of their food. Sea is the main source of their life. They know what the sea has in its. It is their fate. So, they don’t mourn. They forget all their woes and miseries. They know how their predecessors lost their lives. Still women come forward to bid goodbye to their men. This is the truth and reality of life. Life comes and goes but nature never ceases to work. This is the theme of this poem.

V. Objective Type Questions :

Choose the correct answer from the giving options : (Imp)
(i) The poet describe the sea at ………… (M.P. 2009)
(Puri, Cochin, Chandipur, Paradip)

(ii) The sea spilts out the wings of ………….
(birds, shells, planes, none of the them)

(iii) What do the said whisper?
(legends, warnings, praises, all of them)

(iv) The tide floods the …………..
(village, river, mudflash, none of above)
Answers :
(i) Chandipure.
(ii) planes.
(iii) legends
(iv) mudflash.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Chapter 18 King Porus – A Legend of Old Important Questions and Answers

I. Read the following stanzas carefully and answer the questions given below :
1. Loudly the midnight tempest sang.
Ah! it was thy dirge, fair Liberty!
And clouds in thundering accents roar’d
Unheeded warning from on high;
The train in darksome torrents fell,
Hydaspes’ waves did onwards sweep,
Like fiery passio’s heandlong flow.
To meet th’ awaken’d calling deep.

Questions :
(i) Name the poem and the poet.
(ii) What is talked about in these lines?
(iii) What was the thundring accent?
(iv) What happened at the midnight hour?
(v) What is the meaning of ‘tempest??
Answers :
(i) The poem is King Porus-A legend of Old and the poet is Michael Madhusudan Datta.
(ii) The great battle between Alexander. The Great King Porus is talked about in these lines.
(iii) The thundering accent was the roaring sound of the battle.
(iv) The army of Alexander attacked on the kingdom of India, ruled by the Porus at the midnight hour.
(v) tempest-storing.

2. Like to a lion chain’d [M.P. 2015]
That tho’ faint-bleeding-stands in pride
With eyes, where unsubdued
Yet flash’d the fire-looks that defied;
King Porus boldly went
Where ‘midst the gay and flittering crowd’
Sat god-like Alexander;

Questions :
(i) Who is compared with a lion chained here?
(ii) How was he looking?
(iii) How did he march on?
(iv) What does the expression ‘god-like’ signify?
(v) Giye a word opposite in meaning to ‘cowardly’.
Answers :
(i) King Porus is compared with a lion chained here.
(ii) He was confident and fearless.
(iii) He marched on boldly.
(iv) It signifies the supreme authority.
(v) boldly’.

II. Write answer to the following questions in three or four sentences :

Question 1.
How does the poet describe the heroic King Porus in the battle-field?
Answer :
The heroic King Porus was like a lion. He was full of triumphant feeling. He was fiery and brave in his fight.

Question 2.
What did Alexander do when he saw Porus fighting on with his gaping wounds?
Answer :
Alexander was really great. When he saw gaping a winds of King. Porus bleeding, he cried, “Desist-desist ! such noble blood should not be shen

Question 3.
Porus is compared to a chained lion as he walks to the Macedonian King. What qualities of Porus is the poet trying to highlight?
Answer :
The poet is living to highlight Porus courage and confidence. He fought with all his power to save his kinguom. His personality overpower all. He was the real king.

Question 4.
Why does the poet says “Thus India’s crown was lost and won’? Explain.
Answer :
The poet glorifies India’s winning culture. Indian army faced the enemy with all bravery without caring their own self. However they were defeated. But the confidence of King Porus made Alexander realise that he was not a coward. Alexander at last recognized his bravery honoured king Porus and returned his kingdom with all praise.

Question 5.
What quality of Alexander is also inherent in his act of forgiveness?
Answer :
Alexander’s act of forgiveness proves that he was a man of great soul. He himself was brave and knew how to honour bravery. He was a considerate person. He realized King Porus’ greatness.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Exercises: From Work Book

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions :

1. I will go to the hospital on my way to school.
2. The temple is on the top of the hill, we’ll start climbing from six o’clock in the morning and reach there in the afternoon.
3. The batsman hit the ball into the fence and scored six runs.
4. He was not allowed to enter the theatre as he was below eighteen years of a.
5. Go straight to the square and then turn to the comer.
6. You can reach the station by taxi in ten minutes.
7. The girl with blue eyes has just gone out of the door.
8. You can cut the apple into two with this knife.

Question 2.
Prepositions have not been used correctly in the sentences below, correct them and rewrite the sentences :
1. She entered into the room and began talking.
Answer :
She entered the room and began talking.

2. The river is flowing below the bridge.
Answer :
The river is flowing under the bridge.

3. He died from cancer.
Answer :
He died of cancer.

4. I have been waiting for you since four hours.
Answer :
I have been waiting for you for four hours.

5. She is suffering with malaria.
Answer :
She is suffering from malaria.

6. I prefer tea for coffee.’
Answer :
I prefer tea to coffee.

7. Water freezes when temperature falls under 0° Celsius.
Answer :
Water freezes when temperature falls below 0° Celsius.

Question 3.
(a) Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions :
1. You must concentrate on your studies.
2. The teacher said, “Boys, listen to me.”
3. I was marvelled by his sense of humour.
4. The workers are protesting against the cut in their wages.
5. I am waiting for your reply.
6. Refrain him from taking any rash action.
7. We take pride in our heritage.

(b) Put an appropriate preposition after the verb in each sentence. Then use your own ideas to complete each sentence. One is done for you:
1. I broke her glasses and she made me pay for a new pair.
2. I am excited because I am going to play in it.
3. He was not paying attention and crashed into a nearby pond.
4. I have to stay home tonight and prepare for my examination.
5. All the furniture in the room belongs to me.
6. Whether or not we go out depends upon the weather.

Question 4.
(a) Replace the underlined words with phrasal verbs :
1. The child wrote something and then erased it.
Answer :
The child wrote something and then ruilbod ito

2. He telephoned the theatre to book seats for tonight.
Answer :
He rang up the theatre to book seats for tonight.

3. I could no understand what you had written.
Answer :
I could no get through what you had written.

4. Please remove your shoes before you enter the room.
Answer :
Please take off your shoes before you enter the room.

5. He continued speaking for an hour.
Answer :
He went on speaking for an hour.

6. The old man abandoned smoking.
Answer :
The old man gave up smoking.

7. He extinguished the light and went to bed.
Answer :
He blew out the light and went to bed..

8. The air-conditioner is noi working. Will you please summon the mechanic.
Answer :
The air-conditioner is not working. Will you please call for the mechanic.

9. He withdrew his resignation after much persuasion.
Answer :
He took back his resignation after much persuasion.

10. We started our journey in the morning.
Answer :
We set off our journey in the morning.

11. The meeting was postponed because of the lack of quorum.
Answer :
The meeting was put off because of the lack of quorum.

12. He wore his shirt and went out.
Answer :
He put on his shirt and went out.

13. The boys fled from school to play,
Answer :
The boys got away from school to play.

14. My boss rejected my application for leave.
Answer :
My boss turned down my application for leave.

(b) Insert a or an where necessary :

1. Rama is a good cook.
2. He said, “I shall be back in an hour.”
3. There is an hourly train from Bhopal to Indore.
4. She is a paying guest.
5. We have recently bought a scooter.
6. He is an extraordinary man.
7. My neighbour is a farmer.
8. He has recently purchased a cow and a buffalo.
9. He is a magician.
10. Here is a pen and a piece of paper for you to wite a letter.

(c) Complete the following sentences by using the words given in bracket :
1. She was thirsty. She needed a glass of water. (glass, water)
2. I want to write a letter. Give me a piece of paper. (piece, paper)
3. I am confused. I want a word of advice. (word, advice)
4. He has difficulty in reading. He needs to buy a pair of spectacles.(pair, spectacles)
5. They are all hungry. They all need a glass of milk each. (glass, milk)
6. They are tired, They want a bit rest. (bit, rest)
7. The country has made a lot of progress. (lot, progress)
8. A lot of people. (lot, people) are coming to attend the meeting.
9. I am thankful to you. You have given me a lot of advice. (lot, advice)
10. Recently they have grown rich. They have purchased a lot of diamonds. (lot, diamonds)

(d) Make the following sentences singular. Remember to add ‘a or an’ and change the verb from plural to singular, if required :
1. Children love to play.
A child loves to play.

2. Architects make plans of buildings.
An architect makes plan of a building.

3. Cows are useful animals.
A cow is a useful animal.

4. Teachers are men of words.
A teacher is a man of words.

5. Doctors cure patients.
A doctor cures a patient.

6. Teachers teach students.
A teacher teach student.

7. They are anarchists.
He is an anarchists.

8. Nationalists are hard to find.
A nationalist is hard to find.

9. Tables are made of wood.
A table is made of wood.

10. Ministers have become gods today.
A minister has become God today.

Question 5.
(a) Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the words provided in brackets.

Use ‘the’ where necessary :
1. The box is made of wood. (wood)
2. In India the coins. (coins) are made of copper. (copper).
3. The gold (gold) mined in India is of poor (poor) quality.
4. The dinner (dinner) they gave yesterday was excellent.
5. Do you take tea (fea) daily?
6. He is the only. only (teacher) of English known all over the state.
7. Is beauty (beauty) really skin deep?
8. He read all the morning. (morning)
9. They are really poor. They cannot make the body (body) and soul (soul) meet together.
10. This letter was delivered to me by hand. (hand)

(b) Use the following nouns in two ways,
(a) with the
(b) without the in your own sentences :
air : Air is becoming more and more polluted.
The air of this room seems stale.

copper: Copper is useful metal.
The copper of Indian coins is not good.

water: Water is required for life.
The water of river Ganga is very much polluted.

paper: Save paper to save trees.
The paper of currency note is special quality.

gold : Gold is a precious metal.
The Gold of my ring is very pure.

kindness : Kindness is a great virtue.
The kindness shown by him will never be forgotten.

(c) Rewrite the following sentences using the nouns given in brackets with the where necessary :

1. He had severe pain in the stomach and was admitted to hospital. (hospital)
2. Today I would go to the hospital) to ask about his health.
3. He was found guilty of theft and sent to prison (prison.)
4. I want to go to the (prison) to see him if I am given permission.
5. My granddaughter is old enough to be admitted to school. (school)
6. I would go to the (school) next Monday to collect the admission form.
7. Muslims go to mosque (mosque) for prayer every Friday.
8. I stood outside the (mosque) to a wait his return.
9. People do not usually go to office (office) on Sunday.
10. I have not been to cinema (cinema) for several months now.

(d) Write a, an or the where required. In some cases the sentence may already be correct simply write correct :
1. Have you ever eaten cheese?
2. I am too tired to go home. I will take bus.
3. I wish I knew how to play harmonium.
4. I used to play cricket while at school.
5. He would not get job, even if he applied for it.
6. Have you read book I gave you yesterday.
7. Earth goes round sun.
Answer :
1. correct,
2. a bus,
3. correct,
4. correct,
5. the job,
6. the book,
7. the earth the sun.

Question 6.
Fill in the blanks with some or any :
1. I have read it in some book or other.
2. Karan has hidden the money in some place.
3. We do not know if there are any survivors of the plane crash.
4. Does Raina has any talent for painting?
5. I am very hungry. Will you give me some food?
6. I know you enjoy coffee. Would you like some more?
7. These boys earn some money by selling fruits.,
8. They receive some new books every month.
9. Karan left home without any luggage.
10. Some boy came to see you, when you had gone to school.

Question 7.
Fill in the blanks with few, a few or the few whichever is proper :
1. Mr. Saxena is a man of few words.
2. Very few students learn Persian these days.
3. The few shirts he has are all tom.
4. They have been to our place quite a few times.
5. We have had a few replies to our queries.

Question 8.
In the following sentences use much, many or a lot of as required :
1. Karan has many problems to solve.
2. He always takes a lot of sugar in his tea.
3. There are many temples in this town.
4. We haven’t had much rain in Bhopal this year.
5. We do not have a lot of money to spend.
6. Are there many books on Grammar in this library?
7. He is very popular. He has a lot of friends.
8. I am very busy today. I have a lot of work to do.,

Question 9.
Fill in the blanks with one of the words given in brackets (In some cases two answers may be possible) : (Imp)
1. These books are all Karan’s. (all, both)
2. Not all the people who were invited were present. (all, both)
3. He can write with both his hands. (all, both)
4. He has two sons, both are in America. (all, Both) (MP 2013)
5. These mangoes are rupees five each. (each, every)
6. The Olympic Games are held every four year. (each, every)
7. Käran plays cricket every Sunday. (each, every)
8. He enjoyed every minute of his stay in Houston. (each, every)
9. Every book on grammar has been purchased in the library. (each, every)
10. Each boy was presented with a dictionary. (each, every)

Question 10.
Complete the following sentences by using no or not :
1. No shops were open today.
2. I have got no money in my purse.
3. No student is expected to leave the room.
4. It is not easy to bag the first prize.
5. You must not go.

11. Complete the following sentences with either or neither : (Imp)
1. Neither of my sons is a doctor. (MP 2013)
2. Can either of you speak English?
3. I was invited to two marriage receptions but I did not attend either.
4. There were two messages received this morning but neither of them was for me.
5. We could not open the room because neither of us had a key.

Question 12.
(a) Fill in the blanks a modal for the modalities shown in brackets after each sentence:
1. People from India may travel to Nepal without a passport. (permission)
2. Due to drought, the prices may go up. (possibility)
3. The principal might becoming. It is time he generally comes. (doubt ful possibility)
4. A little boy like him can’t climb up the hill. (capability in negative)
5. People could go about freely before the blast. (permission in the past)
6. Would you dine with me tonight? (request)
7. His friends deceived him, otherwise he could win the election. (unfulfilled possibility in the past)
8. They can take possession of the house tomorrow. (permission)
9. Can you speak French? She wants a translator. (ability)
10. He is blind. He can’t see. (power in negative)
11. Buy the tickets in advance so that you may avoid standing in the queue. (purpose)
12. How can a man be so damaned to kill so many innocent animals. (disbelief)

(b) Use the correct modal, Choose from can, could, may and might:
1. Keep all the items ready so that the programme may not be delayed.
2. Can you define a modal? Yes, I can.
3. The flights might be delayed for a snag in the wheel :
4. My son could walk ten miles at a stretch before the accident.
5. No one can beat him in chess.
6. Could you permit me to have some rest?
7. You left the door open. The birds might have flown.
8. Can you speak English? She wants a translator. (M.P. 2013)

(C) Use suitable modal from amongst ‘must, should, ought to, needn’t’ as required :
1. Attendance in school is obligatory. The students must take note of it. (external obligation)
2. Your behaviour should be above suspicion. (necessity)
3. Non-violence should be practised in letter and spirit. (advisability as a matter of conscience)
4. Demand for dowry is a crime. People ought to shun it. (obligation of law)
5. If you wish to learn English, you should read English newspaper everyday. (advice)
6. I needn’t pay the bill. Somebody has already paid it. (lack of obligation)
7. We ought to keep the public toilets clean after use. (moral obligation)
8. People should use their franchise. (general advice)
9. Should you see the thief, please inform the police. (chance happening, replacement of‘if)
10. You needn’t go on foot. You can take my scooter. (absence of obligation)
11. She has failed. She should have worked hard. (unfulfilled obligation)
12. She needn’t come every day. She can come on alternate days.(lack of compulsion)

(d) Use must, should, ought to, needn’t as required :
1. An enemy must be treated as enemy.
2. A good citizen should not accept undue advantages.
3. He said to his grandfather, “You needn’t work anymore”.
4. Bill Gates should be a happy man, I suppose.
5. Some books should be read only in parts, but some must be read wholly, diligently and attentively.
6. If a man writes a little, he ought to have a good memory.
7. You needn’t buy books if you have access to the internet.
8. A child’s birthday must be celebrated solemnly.
9. Every child born into the world is a gift of god. We ought to be very gentle with it.
10. If India has to avoid disgrace, they must win this match.
11. Truth must be told.
12. The match should have been finished by now.

Question 13.
(a) Use a suitable modal as required :
1. Before his illness his father used to walk six miles everyday. (discontinued habit)
2. She will have to go on foot as her bicycle had a flat tyre. (act under compulsion)
3. These days I have to work overtime to meet my expenses. (force of circumstances in the present)
4. How dare you abuse me like this? (courage)
5. My teacher used to shout at the students when they made mistakes. (habitual action in the past)
6. Most of the poor have to live on a single meal a day. (under force of circumstance in the present)
7. It used to be very cold here. Now the climate has changed. (contrasting the past with the present.
8. You daren’t challenge him. He is so stout. (lack of courage)

(b) Fill in the blanks with ‘used to’, ‘have to’, ‘has to’:
1. Many people in India have to go to bed with empty stomach. (M.P. 2013)
2. She used to live in a small room before joining service.
3. All his money was spent. He has to sell his house,
4. My neighbour used to drink heavily before his death.
5. They have to face such heavy odds.
6. As a student, Mr. Verma used to live in a hostel.
7. Those days I used to work under a hard taskmaster.

(c) Fill in the blanks with the right alternative :
1. The poor boys ……………… undertake menial tasks to support their families :
(a) have had to (b) has to (c) have to (d) had to.

2. My father …………….. hard when he was young:
(a) used to work (b) did use to work (c) had worked to (d) uses to work.

3. My father ……………….. sell his house for the marriage of my sister ten years ago :
(a) has to (b) will have to (c) had to (d) has not to.

4. A constable ……………… challenge the S.P. as he is very strict
(a) didn’t dare to (b) hardly dared to (c) hardly dared (d) daren’t.

5. I ……………….. wear a long coat when I was a child :
(a) use to (b) did use to (c) need to (d) used to

6. My wife ………………. cook in the morning. The maid does it :
(a) doesn’t have to (b) is not to (c) have not to (d) don’t have to

7. She ……………….. a pilot. Now she is a housewife :
(a) used to be (b) had to be (c) had better be. (d) didn’t use to be.

8. The gardener ……………….. the garden by himself. Now he has fallen ill :
(a) have to dig (b) will have to dig (c) has to dig (d) had to dig.

9. I.. ……………..do it all alone whatever you may say :
(a) have not to (b) have to (c) am not to (d) am to.
Answer :
1. (c), 2. (a), 3. (C), 4. (d), 5. (d), 6. (a), 7. (a), 8. (d), 9. (b).

Question 14.
Use the proper form of the verbs given in brackets to form simple present tense sentences :
1. Water boil at 100 degree Celsius. (boil)
2. She cries when she is hungry. (cry)
3. They are vegetarians. They never eat meat. (eat)
4. Do you always have milk before going to bed? (have)
5. The District Education Officer always inspects this school on a Monday. (inspect)
6. Fish swims in water. (swim)
7. The Shatabadi Express seldom comes late. (come)
8. Karan does his homework everyevening: (do)
9. Empty vessels always make much noise. (make)
10. Barking dogs seldom bite. (bite)

Question 15.
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences using either present simple or present continuous forms of verbs provided in brackets :
1. My cousin is arriving tomorrow. (arrive)
2. They never drink water during meals. (drink)
3. Karan is working on his school project at this moment. (work)
4. Raina sleeps often (sleep) on the sofa while watching T.V. (watch)
5. The Himalayas divide India and Tibet. (divide)
6. Raina cannot come to see you. She is writing a letter now. (write)
7. Raina is having a party today as it is her birthday. (have)
8. My mother is preparing s special dish now. (prepare)
9. What examination are you and your sister are studying for at the moment? (study)
10. They never have coffee. (have)

Question 16.
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences using the appropriate time expres sions :
1. His English has improved considerably …………..
(i) I saw him last
(ii) he has started taking lessons
(iii) May 1999.

2. He has not read a newspaper …….
(i) as long as I can remember
(ii) yesterday
(iii) more than a year.

3. My father has not come home ………..
(i) mybirth
(ii) I went to school
(iii) four years.

4. I have not caught a cold ………….
(i) my childhood i
(ii) many years
(iii) last year.

5. They have not been to a school ………….
(i) their birth
(ii) a long time
(iii) two months now.
Answer :
1. (ii), 2. (iii), 3. (iii), 4. (iii), 5. (ii).

Question 17.
Rewrite the following sentences using the verbs provided in brackets in the present perfect or present perfect continuous form as required :
1. Karan has been attending the Cricket Academy for the last four years. Now he can play well (attend)
2. Nidhi has already taken the Linguaphone course. (take)
3. She has been living here for two years now. (live)
4. Professor Saxena has adopted several different methods of teaching verbs. (adopt)
5. He has been teaching foreign students for about six years. (teach)

Question 18.
Read the situations and write one complete sentence for each as given in example:

Example :
Roma started working on computer at 7 o’clock.
She is still working on it.
Answer :
Roma has been working on computer since 7 o’clock.

1. We started living in Bhopal in 1990.
We are still living in Bhopal.
Answer :
We have been living in Bhopal since 1990.

2. The gardener started mowing the grass two hours ago.
He is still mowing it.
Answer :
The gardener has been mowing the grass for two hours.

3. My mother started decorating the house in the morning.
She is still decorating it.
Answer :
My mother has been decorating the house since morning.

4. I started reading Shakespear’s “Hamlet’ three hours ago.
I am still reading it.
Answer :
I have been reading Shakespear’s ‘Hamlet for three hours.

5. They began their tour three months ago.
They are travelling round Singapore at the moment.
Answer :
They have been travelling round Singapore for the last three months.

6. Abbas and Aditi started making films when they left college.
They are still making films.
Answer :
Abbas and Aditi have been making films since they left college.

7. My brother began playing chess when he was only three.
He is still playing it.
Answer :
My brother has been playing chess since he was three.

8. Puran started painting the walls four hours ago.
He is still painting the walls.
Answer :
Puran has been painting the walls for four hours.

Question 19.
(a) Use the verrbs provided in brackets in Simple Past Tense :
1. Raina went to the market after school. (go)
2. My sister saw a beggar an hour ago. (see)
3. Karan visited his grandparents yesterday. (visit)
4. Raina did not do her homework because she was ill. (do, be)
5. I took the entrance examination in 2005. (take)

(b) Rewrite the following sentences into the simple Past Tense. Also add an appropri ate adverbial in each case from the list provided here : yesterday, last month, last year, sometimes ago, this morning :
1. It suddenly becomes hot.
Answer :
It suddenly became hot yesterday.

2. We are in a difficult situation.
Answer :
Last month we were in a difficult situation.

3. My sister teaches me.
Answer :
My sister taught me last year.

4. The doctor looks after patients.
Answer :
The doctor looked after patients.

5. Rohan get’s up early.
Answer :
Yesterday, Rohan got up early.

Question 20.
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the Past Continuous form of the verbs given in brackets :
1. What were you doing when the accident occurred? (do)
2. I was changing the bulb that had burnt out. (change)
3. At 5 O’clock it was raining. (rain)
4. When Karan called I was sleeping. (sleep)
5. The postman came when I was sleeping. (sleep)
6. When I was eating lunch Soha was reading. (read)
7. When they were waiting for the train, they saw Prachi. (wait)
8. While mother was cooking lunch, father was watching the T.V. (cook, watch)
9. When I went to her house she was not there. She was studying at the liberty. (study)
10. While I was watching a horror film on the T.V., the power went out. (watch)

Question 21.
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with Past Simple or Past Perfect form of the verbs provided in brackets :
1. By the time the ambulance arrived the patient mokycan Parrive die
2. Several hours before the cricket match …… the spectators . ….. the stadium. (start, fill)
3. We ………….. to this house in 2001 and…………… here ever since. (come, live)
4. When I …………… a boy we …………… on a farm. (be, live)
5. Mother ………….. very tired as she …………… the whole day. (be, work)
Answer :
1. arrived, had died,
2. started, had filled,
3. came, had lived,
4. was, lived,
5. was, had worked.

Question 22.
(a) Prachi does the following things everyday. Tell what she is going to do tomorrow (Use be going to form) :
1. Prachi gets up at 7 O’clock.
Answer :
Prachi is going to get up at 7 O’clock.
2. She has bath. Answer : She is going to have bath. (arrive, die)
3. She puts on her school uniform. Answer : She is going to put on her school uniform.
4. She puts on shoes. Answer : She is going to put on shoes.
5. She has breakfast. Answer : She is going to have breakfast.

(b) Combine the following pairs of sentences using a suitable verb in its-ing form :
Example :
(a) Don’t eat stale food.
(b) It is harmful for health.

Eating stale food is harmful for health.
1. She talks too much. Nobody likes it.
Answer :
Talking too much is not liked by anybody.

2. Don’t break the rules of the road. It is harmful for all.
Answer :
Breaking the rules of the road. It is harmful for all.

3. We must appreciate our friends’ achievements. It promotes goodwill.
Answer :
Appreciating friend’s achievements promoters goodwill.

4. One should do one’s work in time. It brings success in life.
Answer :
Doing work in time brings success in life.

5. The team did well in the match. All appreciated them..
Answer :
The team’s doing well in the match was appreciated by all..

Question 23.
Use the Gerund or Infinitive form of the words given in brackets and complete the sentences :
1. I dislike to get up early. (get)
2. Would you mind opening the window, please? (open)
3. My little daughter likes to play with dolls. (play)
4. They were surprised to hear the news. (hear)
5. All the students were prevented from attending the party. (attend)

Question 24.
Fill in with the correct non-finite verb-forms :
1. Smoking is harmful. (smoke)
2. My landlord is a dreading fellow. (dread)
3. Your performance was entertaining. (entertain)
4. He loves to walking. (walk)
5. We are generally afraid of dieing. (die)
6. Your comments are disheartening. (dishearten)
7. To fight/fighting for the country is an honour. (fight)
8. Poverty presents a depressing sight. (depress)
9. Swimming is the best exercise. (swim)
10. I have a written text of the speech. (write)

Question 25.
Rewrite the following sentences, using the participle construction, as shown in example:

Example :
The thief saw the policemen and ran away.
Seeing the policemen, the thief ran away.

1. I saw him weeping and went to see what was wrong.
Answer :
Seeing him weeping I wen to see what was wrong.

2. As the weather was fine, we went for a picnic.
Answer :
The weather being fine we went for a picnic.

3. She walked up to the front door and rang the bell.
Answer :
Walking up to the front door she rang the bell.

4. My little son heard the noise and woke up.
Answer :
Hearing the noise my little son woke up.

5. When I returned home, I found my kids playing outside.
Answer :
Returning home I found my kids playing outside.

6. The policemen ran with all his might and caught the thief.
Answer :
Running with all his might the policeman caught the thief.

7. As he was defeated in the match, he decided not to play cricket again.
Answer :
Being defeated in the match he decided not to play cricket again.

8. My father put on his overcoat and went for a walk.
Answer :
Putting on his overcoat my father went for a walk.

9. I wished to see Mohan, I sent for him.
Answer :
Wishing to see Mohan, I sent for him.

10. He failed in the examination, he game up his studies.
Answer :
Having failed in the examination, he game up his studies.

11. He was tired of walking. He sat down to rest.
Answer :
Tired (or being tired) of walking, he sat down to rest.

12. The magician took pily on the cat. He turned it into a dog.
Answer :
Talking pily on the cat the magician turned it into a dog.

13. He selected a sight. He began to build a house.
Answer :
Having selected a site, he began to build a house.

14. He finished his dinner, he went out for a walk.
Answer :
Finishing his work, he went out for a walk.

15. She receiving a telegram. She because very sad.
Answer :
Receiving a telegram she because very sad.

Question 26.
Make meaningful sentences in passive voice from the table given below. Use proper forms of verbs given in B :

Answer :
1. All the students were called for interview.
2. Badminton is played in an indoor stadium,
3. The notice was displayed on the notice board.
4. Patients are treated in the hospitals.
5. Wheat is grown in fields.
6. Grammar is taught in schools.
7. Shirts are stitched by tailors.
8. Cameras are manufactured by the USA and Japan.

Question 27.
Put the following sentences into the passive form:
1. The king gave him a reward.
Answer :
He was rewarded by the king.

2. They were plucking flowers in the park.
Answer :
Flowers were being plucked by them in the park.

3. One should keep one’s promise.
Answer :
Promises should be kept.

4. Who told you the truth?
Answer :
By whom was truth told to you?

5. All trust an honest man.
Answer :
An honest man is trusted by all.

6. Somebody has cleaned the room.
Answer :
The room has been cleaned.

7. We shall play the match tomorrow.
Answer :
The match shall be played by us tomorrow.

8. Why did the teacher punish the students?
Answer :
Why were the students punished by the teacher?

9. Someone has already switched off the light.
Answer :
The light has already been switched off.

10. We should not waste our time in gossiping.
Answer :
Our time should not be wasted by us in gossiping.

11. My grandmother tell me many amusing stories about Birbal.
Answer :
I am told many amusing stories about Birbal by my grandmother.

12. The manager dismissed him from service for his rude behaviour.
Answer :
He was dismissed from service by the manager for rude behaviour.

13. They laughed at her.
Answer :
She was laughed at.

14. Post this letter.
Answer :
Let this letter be posted.

15. One should keep one’s promises.
Answer :
Promises should be kept.

16. A mad dog bil his sister
Answer :
His sister was bitten by a mad dog.

17. Some one has stolen my books.
Answer :
My book have been stolen.

18. I taught him english.
Answer :
He was taught english by me..

19. We shall pardon has.
Answer :
She will be pardon by us.

20. Do not touch this wire. (M.P. 2010)
Answer :
Let this wire not be touched.

21. They were making a notice.
Answer :
A notice was being made by them.

22. All trust an honest man. (M.P. 2011)
Answer :
An honest man is trusted by all.

Question 28.
Change the following sentences into the Indirect Narration : :

1. He said to me, “I have asked you not to tell lies”.
Answer :
He said to me that he had asked me not to tell lies.

2. He said, “It is time we depart.”
Answer :
He told that it was time they depart.

3. She said, “I am waiting and watching and longing for my son’s return.”
Answer :
She said that she was waiting and watching and longing for her son’s return.

4. She said to her sister, “I want to show you something.”
Answer :
She said to her sister that she wanted to show her something.

5. My mother said to me, “I am cooking your favourite dish today.”
Answer :
My mother told me that she was cooking my favourite dish that day.

6. The shopkeeper said, “Here is your packet.”
Answer :
The shopkeeper told that there my packet was.

7. She said to her brother, “I have washed your clothes in the morning.”
Answer :
She told her brother that she had washed his clothes in the morning.

8. They said to the teacher, “We want to play football.”
Answer :
They told the teacher that they wanted to play football.

9. He said, ‘You better tell Tom’.
Answer :
He said that I better told Tom.

Question 29.
Change the following sentences into Indirect Narration :
1. She said to me, “Where do you live?”
Answer :
She asked me that where I lived.

2. He said to me, “Will you show me your homework?”
Answer :
He asked me if I would show him my homework.

3. She said to her brother, “What do you want?”
Answer :
She asked her brother that what he wanted.

4. He said, “When will you return?”
Answer :
He asked him when he would return.

5. I said to him, “Which book do you like most?”
Answer :
I asked him that which book he liked most.

6. Raina said to him, “Which way did the man go?”
Answer :
Raina asked him that which way the man went.

Question 30.
Change the following sentences into Indirect narration :

1. The old man said to the villager, “Please bring me a glass of milk.”
Answer :
The old man requested the villager to bring him a glass of milk.

2. The king said to the hatter, “Take off your hat.”
Answer :
The king ordered the hatter to take off his hat.

3. The teacher said, “Sit down, boys.”
Answer :
The teacher ordered the boys to sit down.

4. He said to his servant, “Go to the bazaar and bring me some oil.”
Answer :
He ordered his servant to go to the bazar and bring him some oil.

5. The teacher said to her, “Don’t read so fast.”
Answer :
The teacher commanded her not to read so fast.

6. He said, “Rina, go to the well and fetch me some water.”
Answer :
He ordered Rina, to go to the well and fetch him some water.

Question 31.
Change the following sentences into Indirect Narration :

1. He said angrily, “What a stupid fellow you are!”
Answer :
He shouted at him angrily that he was a very stupid fellow.

2. She looked at the Taj and said, “What a beautiful building!”
Answer :
She looked at the Taj and exclaimed with wonder that it was a very beautiful building.

3. He said, “My God! I am ruined !”
Answer :
He exclaimed with sorrow that he was ruined.

4. She said to me, “How smart you are !”
Answer :
He exclaimed at me with wonder that he was very smart.

5. He said to the soldier, “Alas ! ! our foes are too strong!”
Answer :
He exclaimed to his soldiers with regret that their foes were to strong.

6. They said Hurrah! we have won the match.
Answer :
They exclaimed with delight that they had won the match.

Question 32. Make complex sentences adding Noun Clauses :
1. . It is said that honesty is the best policy.
2. Pay attention to what your parents say.
3. The message said that my brother was arriving tomorrow.
4. I was told that today would be holiday.
5. I feel that it will rain tonight.
6. She is hopeful that he will come.
7. The question is that who will bell the cat.
8. The rumour that he is sick turned out to be a false one.

Question 33.
Complete the questions given below :
1. What is the name of the place where you went last year?
2. What is the name of the object which you are looking for?
3. What is the name of the film that we saw last week?
4. What is the name of the singer who has sung the little song of this movie?
5. What is the name of the stadium where the match is being played?

Question 34.
Complete the following sentences by adding suitable adjective clauses:
1. No one can tell the reason why our team lost the match.
2. Mr. Sharma who is an opthalmologist lives near my house.
3. The pen which my brother gifted me is very expensive.
4. A person who acts in a movie or play is called an actor.
5. He has a brother who loves him very much.
6. The flowers which were blooming in the morning have faded.
7. I have spent the money which did not belong to me.
8. This is the place where I was born.
9. Youth is the time when one dares to challenge everyone.

Question 35.
Rewrite the following sentences by changing the underlined phrase/clause to relative clause :
1. A man of simple nature is liked by all.
Answer :
A man who has simple nature is liked by all.

2. Men with good management skills are needed everywhere.
Answer :
Men who have good management skills are needed everywhere.

3. I don’t know the reason for his failure.
Answer :
I don’t know the reason why he failed.

4. Do you know the time of her return?
Answer :
Do you know the time when she will return?

5. Can you tell me his dwelling place?
Answer :
Can you tell me the place where he is dwelling?

6. A science book with colourful diagrams and figures is useful for all the learners.
Answer :
A science book which has colourful diagrams and figures is useful for all the learners.

7. The man without music in his soul can’t live life in full.
Answer :
The man who does not have music in his soul can’t live life in full.

Question 36.
Make complex sentences by adding adverb clauses :
1. Be careful lest you should fall.
2. Let us stay here till the sun sets.
3. The doctor had arrived before the death of the patient.
4. She came to school though she had applied for leave.
5. The accident took place where there is a blind turn.
6. They will go out to play when the rain stops.
7. He is wearing a coat as if he is a lawyer.
8. The grapes were so expensive that I could not buy them.
9. He ran very fast so that he should not miss the train.
10. It was a much better entertainment than what we experienced yesterday.

Question 37.
Replace the underline phrase by an Adverb Clause, as given in the example :

Example:
On his return, we asked about his journey.
When he returned, we asked about his journey.

1. I shall wait for you till the end of the week.
Answer :
I shall wait for you till the week comes to an end.

2. The weather is too cold to go out.
Answer :
The weather is so cold that one cannot go out.

3. He talked like a mad.
Answer :
He talked as if he was a mad.

4. On seeing the snake he ran away.
Answer :
When he saw the snake, he ran away.

5. Having done his work he switched off the light.
Answer :
When he did his work, he switched off the light.

6. They behave like fools.
Answer :
They behave as if they are fools.

Question 38.
Combine the following pairs of sentences by turning one of them into an Ad verb/Adjective/Noun clause :
1. You are the royal priest.
You must be very wise.
Answer :
As you are the royal priest you must be very wise.

2. A balloon filled with hot air always goes up.
Do you know it?
Answer :
Do you know that a balloon filled with hot air always goes up.

3. I want to score high marks.
I am working hard for it.
Answer :
I am working hard because I want to score high marks.

4. My bag is missing.
I had kept all my money in it.
Answer :
My bag in which I had kept all my money is missing.

5. I have just met a man in the party.
He is a magician.
Answer :
The man I just met in the party is a magician.

6. He will be cured.
The doctor is hopeful.
Answer :
The doctor is hopeful that he will be cured.

7. The time given was short.
I couldn’t answer all the questions.
Answer :
The time given was so short that I couldn’t answer all the questions.

8. You were absent yesterday.
Can you tell me the reason?
Answer :
Can you tell me the reason for which you were absent yesterday?

9. He was not doing his homework regularly.
This was the complaint.
Answer :
It complained that he was not doing his homework regularly.

10. She worked in a factory.
It was caught in a fire yesterday.
Answer :
She worked in a factory that was caught in a fire yesterday.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions

MP Board Class 11th Special English Letter and Application Writing Important Questions

Question 1.
Write a letter to your father asking for more money.
Answer :
Jubilee Hostel,
Curzon Road, New Delhi.
19th January, 20……..

My dear Papa,
I received your money order for Rs. 4000/- today. Papa I don’t want to press you with my ever-increasing demand of money. But you will appreciate that the hostel fees has been increased recently. Mess charges too have been enhanced. I know you are meeting my expenses with great difficulties. But I am also helpless. Believe me I don’t spend a single rupee more than what is needed absolutely. Papa I need Rs. 2000/- more even to cope with my normal expenses. I feel, I am asking you for tightening your belt still further, but take this amount as a kind of investment. The moment I achieve my goal, I shall provide you with all the comforts that I can provide you with hope, you will not mind me this request.

Yours loving son,
Virendra.

Question 2.
You are Supriya, resident of LIG-47, Rohinipurum, Raipur. Write a letter to your friend Jeena at E-7 Bhopal, congratulating her for her brilliant success in the examination.
Answer :

LIG-47, Rohinipurum,
Raipur.
5th May, 20………

My dear Jeena,
Hope this letter finds you in the pink of your health. I am glad to know that you have passed your examination in flying colours. My hearty congratulations to you. I wish you good luck for your further success.

However, I am glad to inform you that my younger sister’s marriage has been fixed. It will take place on 14th June, 2012. We want you to come down here on 1st week of June. The invitation card will be sent to your family soon. Please ask your parents also to attend the marriage.

You will also be glad to know that I have passed my pre-board examination in good marks and hoping to do still better in the final.

Rest is fine convey my regards to all at home.

Yours truly,
Supriya.

Question 3.
Write an application in not more than 120 words to your Principal requesting him to allow you to take Biology subjects instead of Mathematics subjects. (Imp)
Answer :
To
The Principal,
Govt. Girls’ Higher Sec. School,
Devendra Nagar,
Indore.

Sub. : Change of group.

Sir,
This year I have sought admission in XIth class in your school. I had intended to take Maths initially and with that aim I had filled up Maths group. But now I feel that I had made a mistake, Biology group would be better for me. Hence, I fervently request you to allow me to change to Biology group.

Hope you would sympathetically look into my matter and allow me to change my subjects.

Thanking you,

Yours obediently,
Rinku Verma

Raipur.
Dated : 14th July, 20………

Question 4.
Write a letter to a stranger, thanking him for sending you back your lost bag containing some money and important documents.
Answer :
M-19, Kirti Nagar,
New Delhi-110015.
3rd Nov., 20………

Dear Mr. Sunil,
I don’t know how to thank you for the return of my bag which I had left in the park, a few days back. I was really worried that I shall never get back my bag which contained very important documents pertaining to my flat without which I shall never be able to get the possession of my flat. By returning it you have really done a great service. Words fail to express my gratitude to you. I shall never forget this goodwill gesture. I don’t know how to repay this goodwill gesture. You have revived my faith in goodness of some people like you. I shall be very glad if you come to my place for returning the bag. I would love to be some use to you, if you deem it necessary.

Yours sincerely,
Sabhya Sachi
Kar.

Question 5.
Write a letter of condolence to a friend on the death of his father. (M.P. 2015)
Answer :

G-53, Green Park,
New Delhi.
10th Feb., 20………

Dear Amrit,
I was shocked to learn about the sudden death of your dear father. The news was indeed a holt from the blue. It is indeed a great loss to all the members of your family. My dear friend, don’t loss heart. We must accept death boldly as we have to face death one or other day, so never get disheartened. You being the eldest brother must take care of the family. You must work very hard so that nobody in your family feels the absence of your father. I am sure God will give you the courage to face this calamity.

It is not easy to bear the loss. But if one thinks deeply, one cannot but face the facts and try to adjust oneself to life accordingly. I pray to God to give solace to the departed soul of your father and provide all of you with the strength to bear the loss.

Yours affectionately,
Radheshyam.

Question 6.
Write an application to the Principal of your school for the grant of full fee concession. (Imp)
Answer :
5601, Lakhe Nagar,
Jabalpur.
22nd Jan., 20……..

To
The Principal,
National Convent School,
Shankar Nagar,
Jabalpur.

Sub. : Grant of full fee concession.

Respected Sir,
I am a student of class XI, section ‘B’ of your school. I migrated from Hindu High School. Sir my father is a petty shopkeeper. We are six school going brothers and sisters. With petty earning my father is able to make two square meals. We live from hand to mouth. I have great interest in both the studies and sports. I have been the captain of my previous school cricket team. I secured first class in my X class examination. Keeping in view my performance in my studies and games, you would kindly grant me full fee concession so that I can complete my school education without extra burden on my father’s meager income.

Yours obediently,
Sourabh Roy.

Question 7.
Write a letter to your mother describing your school and complaining against the food you get in your school.
Answer :

23, Boys Hostel,
NCS, Sundar Nagar,
Sagar (M.P.).
21st Nov., 20………

My dear Mother,
I am worried to know from father’s letter that you are not keeping well. Please take care of your health properly.

You will glad to know that my school is located at a beautiful hill side. The view all around is green. The climate is also very pleasant here. Our hostel is situated within the school compound. Here we have all facilities like playground, library, mess, etc. However, you pained to know that the food served here is of poor quality. Mostly cold stale food is served. This has reduced my appetite. Anyway do not bother for me. Some way I will get accustomed to it. Take care of your health Mummy, I would have certainly come to see you personally but for my periodic tests. Please convey my regards to dear father and love to Tinku.

Yours affectionately,
Praveen.

Question 8.
Write an application to Deputy Commissioner of your zone for a district board scholarship to enable you to join college.
Answer :

13/285-Nehru Nagar,
Gwalior.
June 4th, 20………

The Deputy Commissioner,
Gwalior (M.P.).

Sub. : Grant of scholarship.

Sir,
I respectfully beg to apply for the grant of scholarship, to enable me to continue my studies in the university.
I appeared in the matriculation examination from the Delhi Public School, Maroda Bhilai and passed in 1st division.

I belong to a respectable zamindar family. My father is a lambardar of our village and several members of our family have served during world wartime : Now my father is a poor man and has to support a large family. Therefore, I need financial assistance to continue my studies.

I enclose my testimonials along with character certificate and T.C. I was a good student and I hope that you will consider my case sympathetically.

I have the honour to be your most obedient servant.

Thanking you,

Yours sincerely,
Bhawna Thakur.

Question 9.
Write a letter to the Sanitary Inspector of your town about the insanitary condition of your locality. (Imp)
To,
The Sanitary Inspector
Bhopal Municipal Corporation
Bhopal (M.P.).

Sir,
It is indeed regretting and unfortunate that the local civic bodies have remained indifferent towards the cleaning of our town.

Our town presently is in a sorry state of affairs.

There are no sweepers to clear the heaps of garbage that he unattended and start emitting foul smell. The garbage also attracts street dogs and pigs who scatter this garbage on the road. The drains of our locality are perpetually blocked and this creates totally insanitary and unhygienic conditions. Installation of dustbins in the locality has not really helped to improve the situation because even if people, make use of these dustbins to disposes of garbage, these dustbins are rarely emptied. It is advisable to supply big polythene litter bags, instead of dustbins, which make disposition of garbage easier. The water logging in the locality has proved an ideal breeding place for mosquitoes. The need of the hour is to have regular visits of officials from your department to inspect the locality and to have meetings with the residents of the locality in order to make our locality a better and hygienic place to live in.

I hope you will personally supervise this situations and well bring improvement in the situation very soon.

Date 27 Nov., 20……..

Yours sincerely,
Nitin
D-232, Devendra Nagar
Bhopal

Question 10.
Write a letter to the Editor of a local newspaper about the importance of knowing the first aid.
То
The Editor Hitavada
17th Nov. 20……….

Last week, I witnessed and accident near the school gate where a child fell down and hurt himself badly. The people standing around were unable to do anything except look on helplessly. It was at this movement that I realized the importance of knowing first-aid.

I feel that it is imperative for students specially and the people in general to at least have the basic knowledge of rendering first-aid in case of an emergency. The use of first-aid often helps us to sustain a life till proper medical aid is available. The knowledge of first-aid will prove helpful not only in case of an accident, but also to treat a burn victim, help a drowned casualty and at times just to stop one from bleeding. The importance of first-aid should be instilled into the minds of children at the school stage itself so that they do not panic in an accidental situation but cautiously and sensibly put their knowledge about rendering first-aid to the person who requires it into practice. Nothing is more precious to a person than his life and if timely use of first-aid can help someone till the time professional medical help is available, it can prove to be the life-saving remedy.

Yours truly,
Ajay Kumar.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions

MP Board Class 11th Special English Writing Skills Important Questions

I. PARAGRAPH WRITING

A paragraph is a short composition, relating to one idea.

Features :

• A paragraph is short, but there are no specific rules about how short it should be.
• The introduction of the subject may be given in the first sentences. It should rouse the interest of the reader.
• Logical sequence of thoughts should be maintained. One sentences should lead to the other.
• Sentences should have different types of construction and should vary in length.
• Unnecessary repetition of words should be avoided.
• Ambiguous words or phrases should be avoided.
• The conclusion may be stated in the last sentence.

1. Write a paragraph in about 100 words, how you would like to set up and decorate your room. You may use the following suggestions as well as your own ideas :

reflect personality — favorite color scheme — arrangement of furniture. sleeping area — study and work area – cupboard -decoration, posters etc.

A Room of My Own (M.P. 2013)

My rooms is a place of my own in our new house. I have planned to decorate it according to my heart. It will reflect my personality. The walls will be painted off-white : neither shining like ivory nor dull like cream. My bed cover, curtains and pictures will be matching or contrasting the color scheme of walls or ceiling. I’II like to avoid over-crowding my room. So I’ll keep minimum furniture–my bed, a study table, shelves for books and music system. I will put my painting on the front wall. The vase in the corner will have fresh flowers to make my room fragrant and beautiful.

2. Write a paragraph in about 100 words on the ‘Role of Students in National Development’. You may use the following suggestions as well as your own ideas :

pride of nation — uplift and development – global village — responsibility of youth. problems — techniques in agriculture_valuable guidance — self employment.

Role of Students in National Development

Students are the pride and glory of a nation. The can play a very constructive role in the progress, uplift and development of a country. Information Technology has turned the world into a global village. Our educated youth have a tremendous responsibility on their young shoulders. Our country is over-populated and beset with poverty, ignorance, illiteracy and superstitions. Students can enlighten the villagers about new techniques in agriculture. By making them literate, students provide them with valuable guidance in establishing cooperative societies. This will help in generating money through self-employment.

3. Air Pollution and Children

The biggest threat to a child’s health these days is air pollution. This is major cause of respiratory diseases among children, especially in big cities and towns. The number of vehicles on the roads is increasing day-by-day. These emit poisonous gases, which permeate the atmosphere and lead to diseases like asthma and even cancer. Many industries located in these cities also add to air pollution. The Government must do something concrete to prevent air pollution so that the people, especially children can live healthy lives.

4. School Annual Day And Prize Distribution Function (Imp)

The Annual Day and Prize Distribution Function of our school was celebrated on 18th – December this year. The Chief Guest, State Education Minister, was received by the principal and the members of the Staff. He inaugurated the function by lighting a lamp. The function began with invocation of Goddess Sarswati. Then the Principal read out the Annual Report. After a series of cultural performances, the chief guest honoured the outstanding students with medals and certificates. In a brief but inspirational speech the Chief Guest exhorted us to perform better. The function ended with the singing of the national anthem.

5. Where there is a Will there is a Way

When we are determined to do a thing however different is may be we find a way to do it. Napoleon well said Impossible is a word only to be found in the dictionary of fools. And he crossed the Alps. All the hurdles are conquered by persistent efforts. So our will must be strong enough to do a difficult task. Our goal is not very far if our will is very strong.

6. Work is Worship (Imp)

It is will said that hard work is a key to success. Success visits those who are diligent and industries. If we shirk work, we shall never prosper and shall never be happy. We shall bad a miserable life. In fact, we are the architect of our own fate. And it is hard work and continuous labour which clinch matters. Even if we are born with a silver spoon in mouth, we must inculcate the habit of hard work in us to sustain our inheritance. Hard work has built empire after empires. So we must take it for granted that there is no way to fortune except through hard labor.

7. Knowledge is Power (Imp)

Power does not flow from the barrel of the gun. It flows from the knowledge you are armed with it is through teh might of sheer knowledge that you can sway a scene. It is the procession of knowledge that makes masters the lack of it slaves. History bears testimony that it is not Hitlers or mussolins who rule our hearts but it is Einsteins or faradays who have pre-eminently enagaged our hearts and minds. A storehouse of knowledge is more powerful than a storehouse of arms.

8. Criminals are not Born but Circumstances make them (M.P. 2013)

Most people must have thought the wars occured due to the invention of weapons. It is also presumed that criminals are born due to weapons, but the truth of the matter is that criminals are not born but circumstances make them. Circumstances force a person to bring a change in the mind of the people. It is said that struggle creates struggle and peace creates peace. Circumstances of a person leads her/him towards the pit of criminals. At times due to hard life situation a person looses hope on god and is easily lead to the world of criminals. Thus, circumstances can play a vital role in turning a good human being to bad.

II. REPORT WRITING : NEWSPAPER REPORTS

Newspaper reports are objective description of events or thought-provoking essays.

Features :

• A newspaper report (or a report in the school magazine) is a factual account of events written in an objective manner in the form of a short article.
• It can also be a short essay, discussing an issue that affects many people.
• The report starts with an appropriate headline.
• Name of the place and date are mentioned in the beginning.
• The first sentence is usually an expansion of the headline.
• Facts shouit be accurate.
• The report should be objective.
• Views of the people concerned can be included. However, facts and views should be kept separate.

Examples

1. Bus Mows Down Siblings
(By local correspondent)

Ujjain, Dec. 12 : In what may be called a rather ghastly accident, two school children, a brother and a sister, were moved down by a city bus operating in the Free Ganj Area. The children were on their way back home from school walking down the road when a speeding bus which had swerved to the left to avoid collision with an auto-rickshaw coming from the opposite side, ran over the children. They died on the way to hospital.

The crowed on the husy road immediately reacted and prevented the bus driver from ‘making his escape. The angry mob pulled him out and beat him. He is in police custody.

Meanwhile the local police have arrested the owner of the bus. The bus has been impounded and the driver’s license has been confiscated. The S. P. (Traffic) has ordered an inquiry into the incident.

The parents are inconsolable.

2. Yesterday a fire broke out in the busy Bada Bazaar area. More than 1,000 shops were gutted. There has been a heavy loss of life and property. As a correspondent of a local daily, write a report.
Answer :

A Fire Accident (M.P. 2013)
(By local correspondent)

It was found yesterday that a fire broke out in the busy main market of Bada Bazaar Area last night: The fire flames were seen at about 9 o’clock at night the fire spread so fearfully and furiously that it covered the entire market in no time. The reporter by chance passing by the way caught hold of the incident and at once phoned the fire brigade. The fire brigade did appear in time but it took time to locate the water point. In the meantime more than 1000, shops were gutted, the fire scene became frightening. Numberless people gathered and tried to put the fire out. The fire brigade sprayed water continuously. Within, about four hours the fire subsided the damage is estimated near about 15 crores in all. The cause of fire is supposed to be by short-circuit. There is a heavy loss of life and property.

III. Diary ENTRY

A diary entry is the record of a person’s feelings or thoughts or activities during the course of a particular day.

Features :

• Diary entries are short compositions. They are like letters which one writes to one’s own self.
• They are written in an informal style.
• As the content of diary entries are generally about feelings, emotions and observation, it is a good practice to use a logical and coherent style,

1. Sonali wrote this diary entry on her Annual Sports Day
December 12
Tuesday
I was so nervous standing on the far side of racetrack. The stadium was almost filled to the capacity. As the last runner of the 4 x 100 metres relay. I had the final responsibility to defend the honour of my House. But I felt feel shaking. Was it at, physical weakness? Or was my mind playing tricks on me? I closed my eyes and prayed to God to give me the strength. The sound of the whistler told me the race had began. The roar of the spectators was deafening. All the children were cheering their houses, and the parents their children. I still could not open my eyes. Suddenly, I remembered what Papa had told me before the race. “Sonu, remember, it is just a race. There will be only one winner. But that does not mean that my daughter will be a loser even if she loses the race.’ My eyes opened. The race was almost three-quarters over. Maria, who had to hand over the baton to me in the final lap, was almost ten feet behind the runner from the Green House. “Maria, come on !’ I shouted. The change over was smooth, and I ran with all my might. All the sounds, all the roar became meaning less. I had to reach the finish line. I had to make up for the ten feet gap. And I had to beat the Green House. But I dared not look over my shoulder. I just ran. Another roar sounded in my ears, with cheers of ‘Red House !’ As I crossed the finish line, I realized I had beaten the Green house girl. I had won! Red House had won !

On the victory podium, I stood proudly with my team-mates, my eyes searching for Papa and Mama. I could not locate them. But I knew they were at me, only at me. Their girl, who was not a loser.

IV. E-MAIL WRITING

To :
[email protected]

Cc:
[email protected]

Subject :
Congrats !
Hi Ajay,
Great to know u got the job!
When do we get the treat?
Akshay

Compose e-mail messages on the following themes :
1. You are Deepa. Compose an e-mail to your friend Jaya whose address is [email protected], asking her to mail you the pictures she had collected for the science project.
Answer :
To :
Jaya [email protected]

Cc:
——–

Subject :
Science Project.
Hi jaya ! U’v got the pictures for science projects send them to me soon.
Deepa

2. You are Managing Director of Agro-products Ltd. Write an e-mail massage wishing Happy Diwali on behalf of your firm, intended to be sent to three of your vice presidents.
(Hint: Write one e-mail address in the ‘To’box and other two in the ‘Cc’box separated by a semi-colon).
Answer :
To:
[email protected]

Cc:
Darshan 101 @rediffmail.com;
[email protected]

Subject :
Happy Diwali
Hi Everyone
I wish Happy Diwali to all of you on behalf of Agro Products Ltd. We pray this Diwali brings more joy & prosperity to your family.
Anju Sharma
MD

V. Writing Advertisements

Advertisements are mostly used to publicize products and services and to give information,

Features :

• Advertisements can be broadly divided into two categories : classified advertisements and display advertisements.
• Classified advertisements are put under definite headings for easy reference such as : Situation Vacant, Matrimonial and Education.
• Display advertisements are meant for publication as well as display as signboard, hoarding, filmslide etc.
• Display advertisements have catchy headlines or punch lines. ..
• Display advertisements are made attractive by using visuals like photographs, cartoons, logos, attractive fonts etc.

1. Examples : Classified Advertisement

Alliance invited for Nigam, 32/
170, Doctor MS (Ortho.) hand
some boy working in Mumbai,
salary five figures, from doctor
girl. Caste no barrier. Please
write with photograph to Box
No. 31402/07, Dainik Bhasker,
Indore.

Required teachers, preferably female
for teaching the following languages:
FREN DII, GERMAN, ARABIC &
ENGLISH Attractive salary, Contact
with resume: MD. ‘Linguistics’ E-4/900
Area Colony, Bhopal.

2. Display Advertisement

Vi. Formal Report Writing

Ravi Bajaj’s School adopted a village for a literacy project. His Principal has asked him, as the leader of the literacy group, to write a report on the progress made after three months.
Answer :
From : Ravi Bajaj
To : The Principal
Model School, Jhabua
30, Nov. 2013

Literacy Report : Village Peepal Haat, Distt. Jhabua

I have been asked to submit a short report on the progress made so far in the Literary Project in the adopted village, Peepal Haat. The following are the finding and recommen dations.

The project started on 4 July and regular classes are being held for two hours every alternate day. On an average, 48 illiterates attend the classes.

Initially the adults were reluctant to learn. Gradually they overcame their inhibitions and now they even discuss their confusions. Most of them are found to be making a serious attempt to learn to read and write. A few of them have expressed their gratitude to the school for providing them with the opportunity.

Since there is a marked improvement in attendance, it is recommended that the hours of teaching be increased. Alternatively, classes may be taken every day. More students may be assigned the duty of teaching illiterates, as this itself is a learning process.

It is felt that the period of three months is very short for a proper assessment. A detailed evaluation would be done at later stage.

Ravi Bajaj
Group Leader

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions