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MP Board Class 12th English A Voyage Solutions Chapter 7 A Prayer for My Daughter (William Butler Yeats)

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A Prayer for My Daughter Textbook Exercises

Word Power

A. Find words from the text for the following expressions:

1. A condition of mind and body in which one is lost in dreamy, pleasant thoughts.
2. A state or condition of knowing nothing of evil or wrong.
3. Virtue relating to good manners and politeness in behaviour.
4. Warding off evil or misfortune by one’s own ability.
5. God’s grace or blessing.
Answer:

1. reverie
2. innocence
3. courtesy
4. self-affrighting
5. Heaven’s will.

B. Make nouns from the following verbs:
imagine, excite, approve, prosper, reveal.
Answer:
Verbs – Nouns

• imagine – imagination
• excite – excitement
• approve – approval
• prosper – prosperity
• reveal – revelation

C. Make adjectives from the following nouns:
intellect, arrogance, storm, murder, courtesy.
Answer:
Nouns – Adjectives

• intellect – intellectual
• arrogance – arrogant
• storm – stormy
• murder – murderous
• courtesy – courteous

D. Make nouns from the following adjectives:
kind, intimate, merry, angry, ceremonious
Answer:
Adjectives – Nouns

• kind – kindness
• intimate – intimacy
• merry – merriment
• angry – anger
• cefemonious – ceremony

E. Match the words with their meanings:

Answer:

Comprehension

A. Answer in about 60 words each:

Question 1.
Narrate how the storm outside is reflected in the poet’s mind.
Answer:
The weather outside is a reflection of poet’s inside feelings and fear. The poem ‘A Prayer for My Daughter’ is a personal poem but we can understand poet’s mind by closely reading his earlier work, ‘The Second Coming’ where Yeats anticipates the gloom and doom which will engulf the future years. The poem is set in post-world war time, so the real-devastation is symbolised in terrible, violent and ‘frenzied’ storm. There is also a reference of Irish war through poet’s indication to storm rising from the Atlantic. The external unrest is a concretization of the poet’s internal trauma.

Question 2.
What do the words ‘the future years had come’ symbolize in the poem?
Answer:
The expression ‘the future years had come’ symbolises Yeats’s vision about the coming days a and times. The poet’s usage of ‘had come’ draws our attention that the future has
already creeped in and has created worse conditions in the present time even. The future visioned by Yeats is apocalyptic: The days of future are full of violence and bloodshed and has emerged from the murderous innocence of the sea. The future has arrived creating hard times and will be harder in coming times.

Question 3.
What is the poet’s opinion about ‘overmuch beauty’? Does he want his daughter to possess it? (M.P. Board 2009)
Answer:
The poet’s opinion about ‘overmuch beauty’ is not positive. He wants his daughter to be beautiful but should not possess excessive beauty. He doesn’t want his daughter to turn into a paragon of beauty. Yeats believes that too much beauty is dangerous as it will not only distract strangers but also bore negative outcomes for his daughter who will spend most of her time looking and praising herself. Extremely beautiful women become boastful and are filled with pride and arrogance. Such women forget their ‘natural kindness’ and reject sincere lovers. We find an implicit reference to Maud Gonne.

Question 4.
What is meant by the line, ‘May she become a flourishing hidden tree’? Explain.
Answer:
Here in the given line, the poet wishes that his daughter should become a ‘flourishing
tree’. This line envelope a lot of symbols inside it. Poet’s wish that his daughter should be of flourishing tree indicates that he wants his daughter to be rooted in traditions. She should grow and flourish in virtue and modesty. He wants her to be fresh, calm and soothing like a tree. His wish of ‘hidden tree’ symbolises her hidden thoughts, views and opinions unlike Maud Gonne who was too open about her views and was highly opinionated. Also he wants his daughter to be ‘hidden’ away from gloom, danger, destruction and turmoil that has enveloped the world. The image of tree shows poet’s wish for his daughter’s safety and stability.

Question 5.
What are the evil effects of ‘hatred in mind’?
Answer:
The poet in these words ‘hatred in mind’ expresses his own viewpoints and experiences. He regards ‘hatred’ as the worst kind of evil which consume the nobility of mind. He considers ‘hatred in mind’ lead’s to negative thoughts which leads to suffering and destruction. The stanza from which this line is taken constructs this idea that even Maud Gonne, Yeats’ girlfriend was turned stubborn due to this flaw and acted in a highly opinionated manner. We also find an undercurrent of thought that runs in this stanza that beauty is one of the reasons for hatred.

Question 6.
Explain the symbol ‘Horn of Plenty’. (M.P. Board 2010)
Answer:
‘Horn of Plenty’ is a mythological symbol used by the poet. It is a symbol of abundance
and nourishment. The mythological horn belongs to the goat Amalthea (Nourishing Goddess) whose one of the horns was broken accidentally by Zeus and had unending nourishment The horn overflows with produce, flower and nuts. Thus, it also symbolises prosperity and plenty. Yeats uses this symbol for Maud Gonne who had abundant beauty and charm but she exchanged it for ‘bellows!, drastically affecting herself and doomed in her misfortune.

The bellows’ full of opinions and pride took away her ‘horn of plenty’. Through this symbol,’poet wishes that his daughter should also possess ‘horn of plenty’ which will not only catty beauty but also kindness and modesty. Unlike the opinionated beautiful women like Helen of Troy, Venus and Maud Gonne, Anne should always remain nourishing like Amalthea, the goat. Her goodness should always remain intact.

Question 7.
What qualities grow when the mind is without hatred? (M.P. Board 2011)
Answer:
Hatred is termed as the most evil quality by the poet. So, the qualities that would grow when the mind is without hatred will be positive thinking and nobility of mind devoid of any kind of negativism. Hatred takes away the innocence, so the absence of it will make the person cheerful and innocent. Since Hatred is like a poison for the soul, so its absence will lead to peaceful, relaxed and happy soul. Also it will take away every negative force making clear, calm and free mind. A person becomes ‘self-delighting, self-appeasing and self-affrighting’ regaining all its virtues.

Question 8.
Why does the poet want his daughter to have a life of custom and ceremony?
Answer:
Yeats totally rejects any kind of hatred or pride to hover around his daughter. He wants her to experience all peace and joy free from fear. He wants his daughter to be married happily and keep all kinds of anger and hatred at bay. She should foster ‘custom’ by avoiding únnecessary change like the rootedness of a tree permitting it to grow and blossom.

She should also cultivate ‘ceremony’ which gives birth to politeness born from inward calm and dignity ‘Custom’ together with ceremony will lead to life constancy. Through his rhetorical question ‘How but in custom and in ceremony are innocence and beauty born? Confirms Yeat’s ideas of innocence and beauty bred in tradition, culture, custom and ceremony giving rise to spiritual understanding.

Question 9.
Explain the legend of Helen and Paris.
Answer:
The poet while praying for his daughter’s good virtues shows some instances of Greek mythology One such mythology he discusses is of Helen and Paris. Helen was the daughter of Zeus and Leda. She was considered the most beautiful woman on earth. There are many legends associated with Helen and Paris of Troy. Some gays that Helen was abducted and raped by Paris, others say that she was charmed and seduced by Paris’ handsomeness and eloped with him leaving her husband and daughter. However her abduction or elopement resulted into deathly Trojan War. She had the beauty and wit that not only ruined her but also Troy.

Question 10.
Who is ‘The Great Queen’ in the poem? Explain the myth.
Answer:
The poet in his reference to Greek mythologies uses the mythology of ‘Great Queen’. The ‘Great Queen’ refers to the legend of Aphrodite (Venus, the goddess of love). She was extremely beautiful and being a goddess had all the privileges. She did not had a father and so the poet says that she could have get anything and her decision would not have been controlled but she chose a lame iron smith Hephaestus and later betrayed him. The poet here using this legend indicates that beauty without courtesy is futile. Even though she had abundance, she chose a ‘crazy salad’. Poet also points out that beautiful woman usually chooses wrong mates. But he doesn’t want his daughter to turn like one.

B. Answer in 75—100 words each:

Question 1.
Why is the poet so much worried about the future of his new-born daugther?
Answer:
Yeats’ poem A Prayer for My Daughter, is a personal poem written in 1919 when yeats daughter Anne was born. The poem is an outcome of post world war time. The world is full of gloom and despair. The total turbulence of the outside world has created mind wringing of the poet.

The poem is the versed thoughts of a worried father who is wishing and imagining beautiful future in the apocalyptic times. The poem can be closely associated with his earlier poem ‘The Second Coming’ which creates a base of understanding the poet’s mind. The ritualistic and holistic Christian era has come to an end giving birth to barbarism, bloodshed and cruelty.

The poet’s daughter is born when there is total turmoil and destruction in the world due to Irish Civil War and World War .The poet being a father creates a protective shield for his daughter, so that the negativity of the new barbaric and destructive world should not touch his daughter and his daughter remain and carry with her the custom and culture of the holistic Christian era where values are valued over opinions and culture over politics and love over hatred.

Question 2.
In the poem ‘A Prayer for My Daughter’, nature in both Its aspects-wild and joyous serves as a background. Explain and illustrate.
Answer:
‘A Prayer for My Daughter’ keeps on cradling between wild and joyous nature images. The poem is enriched with Yeat’s complex symbols of violence and turbulence on one hand and calmness and serenity on the other. Both wild and joyous nature acts as background of the poem and the poet discusses grave topics of war and barbarism. The violent storm acts as a metaphor for the violent wars during World War I and turbulence outside creates gloom inside poet’s mind.

The frenzied storm creating chaos and movement is described using “haystack” and “roof leveling wind” is paralleled by ‘still’ and rooted. ‘Gregory’s wood and ‘hill’. The calm, peaceful and innocent sea gives rise to the murderous future just like a ‘sphinx’ coming out of sea (‘The Second Coming’). The joyousness and wildness of nature goes together.

The joyous nature promotes rootedness as in ‘flourishing hidden tree’, innocence as in ‘linnet’, abundance as in ‘Plenty’s horn’. While the wildness depicts frustration through ‘howling storm’, uncertainty and chaos ‘murderous innocence of sea’ arrogance and hatred in ‘bellows full of angry wind’.

The boastful beautiful women like Maud Gonne, Venus and Helen comes out of the wild nature where values are lost. The poet wishes a cheerful nature with flourishing tree and linnets for his daughter who will value traditions, culture and customs.

Question 3.
What sort of beauty does the poet solicit for his daughter? What did Helen and Venus meet with for being excessively beautiful?
Answer:
The kind of beauty the poet solicit for his daughter is where he wishes his daughter to be a beautiful damsel but not paragon of beauty She should have ordinary beauty which will not only shield her from unwanted ‘gaze’ of strangers but also keep her away from becoming arrogant about her beauty The poet wants his daughter to be more beautiful and charming by soul and heart. She should have the beauty which make her earn people’s heart’s through kindness and virtue.

He wants his daughter’s beauty unlike the beauty of Helen and Venus, which led them to their misfortune. Helen being the most beautiful on earth was seduced by Paris and eloped with him resulting into a massive killing during Trojan War. Venus, the most beautiful goddess married a lame Ironsmith and was never happy with him. Same way his love, Maud Gonne though beautiful rejected sincere love of Yeats and married a foolish man MacBride.

Question 4.
What virtues does the poet want his daughter to be blessed with?
Answer:
Out of his gloom and fear about an unsafe future the poet prays for the safety of his new born daughter. He thinks that only some inner virtues will give comfort to his daughter. Those virtues would make her strong. However, he has not prayed for any Christian virtues for his daughter. He has only wished for certain abstract qualities like innocence, freedom, kindness and gladness. He has not mentioned how these qualities can be built up. The ideas that he offers, appear theoretical. How such ideas can be realised in an age of democracy and competition, is a question in which he does not concern much. The poet has expressed his faith in tradition and ceremony but in a world of changing values, it may be very difficult to preserve them under the stream of modern civilization. The poet is rather idealistic and has not addressed himself to the challenges which the world is facing today.

Question 5.
Why does the poet want his daughter to be free from ‘intellectual hatred’ and ‘opinionated mind’?
Answer:
The poet in order to make his daughter’s future safe wants his daughter to have some virtues. These virtues will protect her from the bad days which have already creeped in. He feels that intellectual hatred is the worst kind of evil and a blow in character. So, he would like his daughter to shun strong and stubborn opinions on any subject political – or otherwise.

He would like his daughter to avoid the weaknesses of Maud Gonne. It was because of her strongly held opinions that led her to act foolishly. All her beauty and her good upbringing proved to be useless. She ruined her happiness in life by choosing a worthless person as John MacBride for a husband. So, the poet wants his daughter to be free from ‘all intellectual hatred’ and ‘opinionated mind’ for only then she would be capable of enjoying inner peace and happiness and she would keep herself happy even in the midst of misfortunes and the hostility of the world.

C. Explain the following expressions:

(i) hay-stack-and-roof-levelling wind.
(ii) dancing to a frenzied drum.
(iii) flourishing hidden tree.
(iv) future years had come.
(v) beauty to make a stranger’s eye distraught.
Answer:
(i) Stormy wind that can level down the hay-stacks and roofs—an image like that of the storm.
(ii) evil forces, prophesying war and bloodshed.
(iii) as flourishing as a tree hidden in a forest.
(iv) re-incarnation is imminent.
(v) The poet’s daughter should not be gifted with bewitching beauty to distract a stranger. The reference here is to Maud Gonne’s beauty which dazzled Yeats’s eyes.

D. Explain the following:

(i) Imagining in excited reverie
That the future years had come,
Dancing to a frenzied drum,
Out of the murderous innocence of the sea.

(ii) Hearts are not had as a gift but hearts are earned
By those that are not entirely beautiful.

(iii) May she become a flourishing hidden tree
That all her thoughts may like the linnet be,
And have no business but dispensing round
Their magnanimities of sound.

(iv) If there is no hatred in a mind
Assault and battery of the wind
Can never tear the linnet from the leaf.

Answer:
In these lines, the poet reveals his gloom while contemplating on the future of his daughter who is sleeping in the cradle. The poet keeps walking and praying for the young child and as he does so, he is in the state of reverie. He feels that the future years i.e., the years of violence and bloodshed and frenzy have already come. They seem to come dancing to the accompaniment of a drum which is beating frantically. These future years are seen by Yeats’s imagination as emerging out of the murderous innocence of the sea. In other words, the sea seems to be innocent but is capable of giving birth to those howling storms which are capable of ruining everything.

Here the poet, while talking about the virtues his daughter needs to cultivate, says that he prays that instead of bewitching beauty, she should have virtues like courtesy. The hearts of people can be won permanently by the virtue of courtesy. Even those who are not very beautiful can win the hearts of others by being courteous.

The poet in continuance of his prayer for the well being of his daughter, here, pleads that the soul of his daughter should flourish and reach self-fulfillment like a flourishing tree. Like the linnets, happy and innocent thoughts should cluster around her inner life. These little creatures symbols of innocence and cheerfulness-make others happy by their songs. The tree symbolises inner life as well as constancy in place and life rooted in tradition.

These lines express the poet’s wish for another virtue for his daughter. On looking into his own mind and heart, he finds hatred within himself because of the experiences of his life and the sort of beauty he loved. To him, hatred is the worst of all evils. He prays for his daughter that she should be free from all evils. If the soul is free from hatred, no misfortune can possibly ruin the innocence and cheerfulness of a person.

Speaking Activity

‘Justice and equality’ as envisaged in Universal Declaration of Human Rights (which completed 60 years of its inception in 2007) is still a mirage to the women, while they constitute half of our population. In our country the situation is grave and needs consideration. Hold a discussion in your class, and debate the solutions to the burning issue of ‘Women Empowerment in India’.
Answer:
Women Empowerment in India has been a topic for hot discussion. Right from the beginning of human civilization, the status of women in public life has been a matter of criticism. They had been considered as the object to be decorated inside the walls. However, with the rapid spread of education, a new concept began to be the centre stage. Women are now the real counterpart to the males, challenging them at every step and they work better, think better and execute better and so they are in no way inferior to men.

Their active role brings prosperity. They share views and take care of the family with all , proficiency. They must be recognised. Now a demand for thirty-three per cent reservation for them in Parliament has broadened their avenues. No country can flourish without empowering women. So, India should not lag behind and become an active participator in changing the women’s condition.

Writing Activity

Your cousin, Parul is going to study abroad next month. Write a letter, to her, stating that yesterday you were reading Yeats, poem, ‘A Prayer for My Daughter’ and in it you came across a line ‘Hearts are not had as a gift, but hearts are earned’. Taking clue from it, advise her, how she should strive to make her life happy and successful.
Answer:
M-226, Shivaji Avenue Gwalior, M.P.
My Dear Parul,
Yesterday evening, I was reading a poem by W.B. Yeats. The poem entitled A Prayer for My Daughter, reveals a father’s concern for her safe future. As the poet is very much scared about a troublesome future, he prays for a safe future for her. The most striking feature of the poem I feel is that the poem pleads for rooted custom and traditional pattern of life. The poet wants her daughter to learn some virtues which he thinks can make her stronger enough to face all hardships and she can live a happy life. I am much impressed with the line of the poem ‘Hearts are not had as a gift, but hearts are earned’. Through this line, the poet has put forth a high philosophy. One cannot get a gift of heart but one has to earn it. If we behave with courtesy and nobility, we can earn sympathy from others. We should not be arrogant or stubborn. We must learn to live with nobility and openness. We should respect others and listen to all. As you are going in a country which is completely different from ours you might feel alone and face problems adjusting. However, I feel if you read this poem, you will learn a, lot of things to live successfully in every land and situation. I hope you will succeed in your mission.
Yours,
Rahul

Think It Over

Read the poem ‘The Second Coming’ by William Butler Yeats and make out how it forms a background to the poem ‘A Prayer for My Daughter’. Note down the salient features common to both the poems:

The Second Coming
Turning and turning in the widening gyre
The falcon cannot hear the falconer;
Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold;
Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world,
The blood dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere
The ceremony of innocence is drowned;
The best lack all conviction, while the worst
Are full of passionate intensity.
Surely some revelation is at hand;
Surely the Second Coming is at hand.
The Second Coming! Hardly are those words out
When a vast image out of Spiritus Mundi
Troubles my sight: somewhere in sands of the desert
A shape with lion body and the head of a man,
A gaze blank and pitiless as the sun,
Is moving its slow thighs, while all about it
Reel shadows of the indignant desert birds.
, The darkness drops again; but now I know
That twenty centuries of stony sleep
Were vexed to nightmare by a rocking cradle,
And what rough beast, its hour come round at last,
Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born?

Aids for Comprehension

1. The first stanza is a picture of the anarchy which is lot loose by wars, bloodshed and
2. The first three lines of the second stanza express the poet’s vision of re-in carnation of a demonic power. Explained in a system of two inter-locking ever-spiralling gyres, the poet comes to realize that after 2000 years of the birth of Christ, it is time for anti¬Christ to have re-incarnation
3. In the remaining part, he has the vision of a Sphinx-like demon read) mg to be born again at the birth place of Christ.
Answer:
Do yourself with the following hints:

1. Both the poems focus on the devaluation of life values.
2. Days of despair are ahead.
3. Develop your own virtue.

Things to Do

William Butler Yeats won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1923, while Rabindranath Tagore, whose Gitanjali was introduced by Yeats, won the same in 1913. Some facts about Nobel Prize are given below:
1. Introduced in 1901.
2. Areas for which it is awarded:

• Physics
• Chemistry
• Medicine or Physiology
• Literature
• World Peace
• Economics (added in 1969).

3. Introduced by: Alfred Nobel (1833-1896), a Swedish scientist and inventor of Dynamite.
4. How it was introduced: When Alfred Nobel died, he left a will, in which he kept aside 31 million Swedish Kroners (worth about 1,500 million today) to be used to establish the Nobel Prize.
5. How many prizes have so far been awarded: about 800 (103 for literature)
6. How many Indians so far have won it: 7.

A. Gather Information about the Indians who have been awarded the Nobel Prize in different fields.
Answer:
Do yourself with the help of internet.

B. On the basis of your study, make an assessment of India’s contribution to World Peace.
Answer:
India, right from its beginning, has been a peace loving country. It has taught the world the lesson of peace and harmony. India has never initiated war against any country. We follow the preachings of the Gita in which Lord Krishna taught Arjuna the lesson of war. But before it, he made efforts for establishing peace to avoid war. So, we first try to follow peace. India has always extended its support to many countries for establishing peace. Even in the present countries very recently India sent its armed forces in Myanmar and Sri Lanka to establish peace there. Nehru’s ‘Panchsheel’ is famous. India has always been a peaceful country and contributed a lot to maintain it in the world.

A Prayer for My Daughter by William Butler Yeats Introduction

The poet is worried to see the devaluation of the worldly ways. He is worried about the safety of his new born daughter and solicits for her a life of beauty, accompanied by natural kindness and heart-winning courtesy. He wants his daughter to avoid hatred.

A Prayer for My Daughter Summary in English

The poet expresses concern for his infant daughter who is fast asleep in a cradle. The storm is blowing outside and it makes the poet gloomy. How will his daughter face the world which is becoming coarse and vulgur day by day? He imagines the war-drums which forecast the struggle for survival. The cruelty of man is greater than the murderous innocence of the sea. She must have a shield for protection. The shield stands for the qualities which the poet wants his daughter to cultivate.

The poet wishes her to have beauty but not vanity. Great beauties like Helen which here represents his girl-friend Maud Gonne and Venus the goddess of love stumbled into unhappy marriages on account of lack of courtesy and humility. Maud Gonne married MorBryde, a drunkard and a worthless fellow and Venus chose the lame god, Hephaestus as her husband. The poet wants his daughter to cultivate courtesy. A man who marries an inferior beauty may find his reward in the courtesy and kindness of her heart. This is more important than the physical beauty of a woman which catches the eye of a lover.

The third quality which the poet wants his daughter to cultivate is natural gladness which means the scattering of happiness and peace around. He gives the image of the growing laurel tree which gives comfort to all. One thing which he wants her to avoid is hatred. Hatred is the worst of all evils. The mind which is free from hatred can face the storms and misfortunes of the world.

Intellectual hatred is the worst of all. The poet mentions Maud Gonne a paragon of beauty who has wasted her aristocratic traditions in political arguments. If hatred is replaced by innocence and purity, it can bring joy and consolation to the individual. It will give his daughter an inner peace which cannot be disturbed by misfortune, agitation or opposition.

The poet wishes that his daughter may grow up and get married in an aristocratic family which observes traditional manners and courtesies. There is too much of arrogance and hatred in the common masses today. Beauty and innocence come from established custom and usage. ‘Ceremony’ is like the horn of plenty and custom is like the growing laurel tree providing shade and comfort to all.

The poet’s love for a traditional aristocratic life is quite obvious. This is the way of life which he wants his daughter to follow. His own experiences with the Irish masses had sadly disillusioned him. However, he had received sympathy from Lady Gregory. The aristocracy was for him a custodian of culture and moral values.

A Prayer for My Daughter Summary in Hindi

कवि अपनी अबोध बच्ची, जो पालने में गहरी नींद में सोई हुई है, के प्रति अपनी चिन्ता व्यक्त करता है। बाहर तूफान उमड़ रहा है और यह कवि को उदास बना रहा है। कैसे उसकी बेटी उस संसार का सामना करेगी जो दिनोंदिन रूखा (भावहीन) और अश्लील होता जा रहा है? वह युद्ध के नगारों की कल्पना करता है जो अस्तित्व के लिए संघर्ष की भविष्यवाणी करता है। मानव की क्रूरता समुद्र की मारक शांति से ज़्यादा भयानक है। उसे (उसकी बेटी को) एक सुरक्षा कवच की ज़रूरत है। सुरक्षा कवच से कवि का अर्थ उन गुणों से है जो उसकी बेटी को अपने में पैदा करना होगा।

कवि चाहता है उसमें (उसकी बेटी में) सौन्दर्य हो लेकिन खोखलापन या घमंड न हो। हेलेन जैसी महान सुन्दरियों जो यहाँ कवि के एक महिला मित्र Maud Gonne का संकेत करती है और प्यार की देवी वीनस का प्यार सिर्फ व्यवहार और नम्रता के अभाव में दुःखद विवाह के रूप में लड़खड़ा गया। Maud Gonne का विवाह एक निकम्मे और शराबी Mac Bride के साथ हुआ और वीनस ने लंगड़े देवता Hephaestus को अपना पति बनाया। कवि चाहता है कि उसकी बेटी आचार-व्यवहार का गुण अपनाए। कोई व्यक्ति जो किसी कुरूप से शादी करता है उसे आचार-व्यवहार और उदारदिली का तोहफा मिलता है। यह किसी नारी के शारीरिक सौन्दर्य से ज्यादा महत्त्वपूर्ण है जो अपने प्रेमी को आकर्षित करता है।

तीसरा गुण जो कवि अपनी बेटी में देखना चाहता है वह है स्वाभाविक प्रसन्नता। जिसका अर्थ है उसके चारों ओर बिखरे हुए सुख और शांति । वह उगते हुए सदाबहार पेड़ की उपमा देता है जो सभी को सुख देता है। एक चीज़ जो अपनी बेटी से अवहेलना करने को कहता है, वह है घृणा। घृणा सबसे बड़ा पाप है। जो मस्तिष्क घृणा से परे है, वह दुनिया के किसी भी तूफान या दुर्भाग्य का सामना कर सकता है। कवि Maud Gonne की बात करता है जो सौन्दर्य की देवी थी जिसने राजनैतिक तर्कों में अपने को बर्बाद कर लिया। यदि घृणा की जगह निर्दोषिता और पवित्रता आ जाए तो यह व्यक्ति के लिए आनन्द और शांति ला सकता है। यह उसकी बेटी को आन्तरिक शांति देगा जो उसे कभी भी किसी दुर्भाग्य, संघर्ष या विरोध में उसे विचलित नहीं करेगा।

कवि चाहता है कि उसकी बेटी बड़ी हो और किसी अभिजात्य परिवार में उसकी शादी हो जो पारम्परिक आचार-व्यवहार और तौर-तरीकों को मानता हो। आज जनमानस में बहुत ज़्यादा घमंड और घृणा है। सौन्दर्य और निर्दोषिता स्थापित रीति-रिवाज और प्रयोगों से आता है। उत्सव लोगों के लिए एक उद्घोष की तरह है और परम्परा एक बढ़ता हुआ सदाबहार पेड़ है जो सबको छाया और सुख देता है। कवि का पारम्परिक अभिजात्य जीवन के प्रति प्यार स्पष्ट है। यही वह जीवन है जो वह अपनी बेटी के लिए चाहता है। उसका आयरिश लोगों के साथ अनुभव उसे पूरी तरह असंतुष्ट कर दिया था। हालाँकि उसे Lady Gregory से सहानुभूति मिली थी। अभिजात्यता उसके लिए संस्कृति और नैतिक मूल्यों का संरक्षक था।

A Prayer for My Daughter Word Meanings

A Prayer for My Daughter Important Pronunciations

A Prayer for My Daughter Stanzas for Comprehension

Read the following stanzas carefully and answer the questions that follow them:

1. I have walked and prayed for this young child an hour
And heard the sea-wind scream upon the tower,
And under the arches of the bridge, and scream
in the elms above the flooded stream;
imagining in excited reverie
That the future years had come,
Dancing to a frenzied drum,
Out of the murderous innocence of the sea. (Pages 49-50)

Questions:
(i) Who does the young child in the first line refer to?
(ii) …….. scream upon the tower.
(iii) What sort of future does the poet expect?
(iv) Find a word from the passage which means same as ‘madness’.
Answers:
(i) The poet’s new born daughter.
(ii) The sea wind.
(iii) The future is uncertain. Bloodshed, anarchy, cruelty and other such evils may be
expected all around.
(iv) ‘Frenzied’ is similar in meaning to ‘madness’.

2. In courtesy I’d have her chiefly learned;
Hearts are not had as a gift but hearts are earned
By those that are not entirely beautiful;
Yet many, that have played the fool .
For beauty’s very self, has charm made wise,
And many a poor man that has roved,
Loved and thought himself beloved,
From a glad kindness cannot take his eyes. (Page 50)

Questions:
(i) ………. are not had as a gift.
(ii) Who does T refer to in the first line?
(iii) What does the poet indicate in the fourth line?
(iv) Find a word from these lines which means opposite to ‘lost’.
Answers:
(i) Hearts.
(ii) ’I’ in the first line refers to the poet.
(iii) The poet indicates that the people who have fallen in love with these beauties like
(iv) Venus and Helen are fool who thought that they are loved.
(v) ‘Earned’ means opposite to ‘lost’.

3. O may she live like some green laurel
Rooted in one dear perpetual place.
My mind, because the minds that I have loved,
The sort of beauty that I have approved,
Prosper but little, has dried up of late,
Yet knows that to be choked with hate
May well be of all evil chances chief.
If there’s no hatred in a mind Assault and battery of the wind
I Can never tear the linnet from the leaf. (Page 51)

Questions: (M.P. Board 2011)
(i) Find a word from the stanza which means ‘everlasting’.
(ii) Find a word opposite to ‘rejected’.
(iii) Verb form of the word ‘beauty’ is
(iv) Who is ‘she’ referred to in the first line of the above stanza?
Answers:
(i) ‘Perpetual’means’everlasting’.
(ii) ‘Approved’ is the opposite to ‘rejected’.
(iii) ‘Beautify’ is the verb form of ‘beauty’.
(iv) The daughter of the poet is referred to as ‘she’ in the first line.

4. An intellectual hatred is the worst,
So let her think opinions are accursed
Have I not seen the loveliest woman born
Out of the mouth of Plenty’s horn,
Because other opinionated mind
Barter other horn and every good
By quiet natures understood
For an old bellows full of angry wind?

Questions:
(i) What are the evil effects of “Horn of Plenty”? (Page 51)
(ii) What is of the worst kind in poet’s eyes?
(a) angry wind.
(b) quiet nature.
(c) opinions.
(d) intellectual hatred.
(iii) What does opinionated mean?
(iv) Make noun from the word “intellectual”.
Answers:
(i) It gives birth to hatred toward mankind.
(ii) (d) intellectual hatred.
(iii) It means tending to put forward one’s views forcefully.
(iv) ‘Intellect’ is the Noun form of ‘intellectual’.

5. And may her bridegroom bring her to a house
Where all’s accustomed, ceremonious;
For arrogance and hatred are the wares
Peddled in the thorough fares.
How but in custom and in ceremony
Are innocence and beauty born?
Ceremony’s a name for the rich horn,
And custom for the spreading laurel tree. (Page 51)

Questions:
(i) What wish does the poet make here for his daughter? .
(ii) a name for the rich horn.
(iii) Give a word similar in meaning to ‘habituated’.
(iv) Make adjective form of ‘arrogance’ and ‘hatred’. (M.P. Board 2012)
Answers:
(i) The poet wishes that his daughter should be married in a traditional family.
(ii) Ceremony’s.
(iii) ‘Accustomed’ is similar in meaning to ‘habituated’.
(iv) ‘Arrogant’ and ‘hateful’ are the adjective forms of ‘arrogance’ and ‘hatred’ respectively

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If the Well Goes Dry Textbook Exercises

Word Power

A. Answer the fol lowing questions in about 60 to 75 words each:

Column – A Column B

1. spiritual – (i) mystical, divine, physical
2. profound – (ii) shallow, intense, acute
3. populated – (iii) inhabited, desolate, populous
4. frequent – (iv) irregular, repeated, recurrent
5. exacerbate – (v) worsen, aggravate, soothe
6. massive – (vi) colossal, gigantic, infinitesimal
7. impaired – (vii) unhindered, diminished, weakened
8. vulnerable – (viii) susceptible, exposed, impregnable
9. untreated – (ix) natural, preserved, crude
Answer:
The odd ones in the choices given in column ‘B’ are the following:

1. physical
2. shallow
3. desolate
4. irregular
5. soothe
6. infinitesimal
7. unhindered
8. impregnable
9. preserved.

B. Homophones are the words that have almost the same sound but differ from one another in origin, spelling and meaning. Example:
new (adj.)—not existing before, recent: Let me show you my new dress.
knew (v.)—had information: I knew where he was hiding.
Now distinguish between the following pairs of words and use them in sentences to bring out the meaning.
soul—sole, sight—site, birth—berth, peace—piece, write—right, made—maid
Answer:
1. Soul—spirit: Soul never dies.
Sole—one and only : Mr Raj is the sole claimant of this empire.

2. Sight—vision : There was nothing in sight around the temple.
Site—spot : The police reached the site of accident.

3. Birth—origin : Gandhi was not of a high born.
Berth—a sleeping place in a ship or train: I have reserved two berths in Rajdhani Express.

4. Peace—quietness, serenity : I love peace.
Piece—a bit : Cut the fruit into pieces and distribute them.

5. Write—to peri : He asked me to write my name clearl
Right—correct :1 was right in my assessment.

6. Made—prepared :1 have made this proposal with labour.
Maid—a girl: His maid servant is absent today.

C. Look at the ‘conforms’ in the sentence,…… the same geographic pattern The conforms to the distribution of freshwater in the planet.’ The word looks very similar to ‘confirm’ and therefore confuses us : There are several other pairs of words like this.

Now complete each sentence by selecting the correct alternative:
(i) Did he (maintain/mention) where he was going?
(ii) One has to be (judicial/judicious) in choosing one’s friends.
(iii) He wanted to (compliment/complement) his friend on the beautiful portrait, he had drawn.
(iv) The escaped criminal (eluded/alluded) arrest for over a week.
(v) The (effect/affect) of the principal’s (advice/advise) was immediately seen.
(vi) From the hints provided, I (deduced/deducted) that the figure was a hexagon.
(vii) The (precise/concise) distinction between these two words is hard to explain.
(viii) There has been an appreciable (raise/rise) in prices.
(ix) Friends and relatives of the (diseased/deceased) attended the memorial meeting.
(x) Many (imminent/eminent) scholars agree with her new theory.
Answer:
(i) Did he mention where he was going?
(ii) One has to be judicious in choosing one’s friends.
(iii) He wanted to compliment his friend on the beautiful portait he had drawn.
(iv) The escaped criminal eluded arrest for over a week.
(v) The effect of the principal’s advice was immediately seen.
(vi) From the hints provided, I deduced that the figure was a hexagon.
(vii) The precise distinction between these two words is hard to explain.
(viii) There has been an appreciable rise in prices.
(ix) Friends and relatives of the deceased attended the memorial meeting.
(x) Many eminent scholars agree with her new theory.

A. Answer the following questions in one sentence each:

Question 1.
How much water does the human body contain?
Answer:
The human body contains 71 per cent water.

Question 2.
Since when has man been changing his relationship with the earth drastically?
Answer:
Man has been changing his relationship with the earth drastically since the industrial revolution.

Question 3.
Where do we get freshwater from?
Answer:
We get most of the freshwater from ground and less than 0.1 per cent is obtained from lakes, rivers etc.

Question 4.
What threat do rising sea levels pose to human population?
Answer:
Rising sea levels will lead to loss of low-lying coastal areas around the world which will further give rise in number of refugees as one-third of population live within sixty kilometers of coastline.

Question 5.
Where do chemical pollutants come from? (M.P. Board 2015)
Answer:
Chemical pollutants come from industrial establishments.

B. Answer the following questions in about 40-60 words each:

Question 1.
Why does water carry spiritual significance in most religions? (M.P. Board 2009)
Answer:
Water plays a significant role in our life. It is 71 per cent of the whole human body. In most of the religions, it has a spiritual significance for it is considered to be a divine purifier. No worship or offerings to God in Hindu religion is performed without purification with water. In Christian baptism too, it is used symbolising purification and regeneration.

Question 2.
What is the resemblance between the patterns of human civilization and those of the distribution of fresh water?
Answer:
The human civilization is spread over for many more centuries. But now it has been decayed or on the path of decay. It is very rare. In the same way, freshwater is now a rarity for us. It is only 2.5 per cent of the total amount of water on earth.

Question 3.
What drives the cold ocean stream from the poles towards the equator?
Answer:
As the warm ocean water from the tropics moves northward, most of it evaporates along the way. When it hits the cold polar winds between Greenland and Iceland, the evaporation accelerates leaving behind much salter sea water which grows denser and heavier. This rapidly cooling water sinks to the bottom forming a deep current near the ocean floor. tn the process, it transfers cold streams from the poles back towards the equator.

Question 4.
Write two ways in which global warming raises sea levels. (MP. Board 2016)
Answer:
Two ways in which global warming raises sea level are:

1. Higher average temperatures result in the melting of glaciers, in ice being discharged into the oceans from the ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland, and in the thermal expansion of the volume of the sea as its water warms.
2. In some coastal cities like Miami, the freshwater aquifer on which it relies for its drinking water actually floats on salt water, so that rising seas would push the water table up in some cases, to the surface.

Question 5.
What causes the average hurricane to be more powerful? How?
Answer:
Warming causes the average hurricane to be more powerful because the depth and warmth of the ocean’s top layer is the single most important factor in determining the speed of hurricane’s winds, More powerful and more frequent storms coming into the land from the ocean would in turn greatly exacerbate the damage from rising sea levels for it is during storm surges that the sea advances farthest inland from the coast.

Question 6.
How do the forests produce rain clouds?
Answer:
Forests produce rain clouds partly because of evapotranspiration (Transpiration is the plant equivalent of sweat, add to it the evaporation from surfaces like broad leaves). Immediately after the rain falls on a rain forest, a fine mist begins to float back into the sky. It increases both humidity in the air and the odds of more rain just downwind.

Question 7.
How do the forests attract rain?
Answer:
Forests attract rain by producing gases called terpenes and small amounts of a compounds called dimethylsulfide, which float into the atmosphere as a gas, undergo oxidation, and are transformed into an aerosol of sulfate particles which then serve as the tiny “grains” around which droplets of rainwater form the same way a pearl forms around a tiny grain of sand or shell in an oyster.

Question 8.
Describe the effects of chemical pollutants on mankind.
Answer:
Chemical pollutants are the threat to human life. They cause severe contamination of water. They pollute atmosphere. As a result our body gets badly affected. Several diseases like cholera, typhoid, dysentery and diarrhoea that arise from both viral and bacteriological sources are caused by these pollutants. We lack proper sanitations.

Question 9.
Why do the solutions to freshwater problem like desalinization plants and flowing of glaciers seem unfeasible?
Answer:
The solutions to freshwater problem like desalinization and flowing of glaciers seem unfeasible because this scheme is too costly to afford for the poor countries that actually need it. Moreover this technology, Like the schemes to lasso icebergs pull them from the polar regions to the populous tropics and is unlikely to solve the underlying problem because of the enormous energy and CO₂ costs involved.

Question 10.
What should we do to solve the problem of freshwater?
Answer:
Since human beings are the worst victims of the problem of the freshwater, they need to lasso their common sense. The rains bring us trees and flowers; the droughts bring gaping cracks in the world. The lakes and river sustain us slowing through the veins of the earth and into our own. So, we must be aware to take care to let them flow back out as pure as they come. We should not poison and waste them.

C. Answer the following questions in about 75 Words each:

Question 1.
Write the chemical composition of the human body. In what way is the human body similar to the earth?
Answer:
Human body is a composition of several chemical elements. Water is the most prominent of all of them. Human body contains 23 per cent carbon, 2.6 per cent nitrogen, 1.4 per cent calcium, 1.1 per cent phosphorus, with tiny amounts of roughly three dozen other elements, Added to these, we have 61 per cent of oxygen and 10 percent of hydrogen fused together in the unique molecular composition known as water. A human body contains 1 per cent of water. Similar to earth, as earth to has 70 per cent water and 30 per cent land.

Question 2.
How does global warming affect the climate pattern? (MP. Board 2011)
Answer:
Global warming affects the climate pattern of the earth in a very adverse manner. The health of the planet Earth depends on maintaining a complex balance of interrelated system. Global warming is changing the way water is transferred from oceans to the land and precipitation accelerating the entire cycle. In addition, the increased warmth also increases the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere which magnifies the greenhouse effect and speeds the process still further. As the global warming heats up the polar regions faster than the tropics, it changes the way the earth achieves a balance between hot and cold.

Question 3.
How does rising sea-level threaten freshwater supply?
Answer:
Global warming causes a rise in sea level in several ways. Higher average temperatures result in the melting of glaciers, in ice being discharged into the oceans from the ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland and in the thermal expansion of the volume of the sea as its water warms. The rising seas would push the water table up, in some cases to the surface.

Warming oceans are also likely to cause the average hurricane to be more powerful because the depth and warmth of the ocean’s top layer is the single most important factor in determining the speed of a hurricane’s winds. More powerful and more frequent storms coming into the land from the ocean would, in turn, greatly exacerbate the damage from rising sea levels. It would change the entire water cycle and cause great damage to our freshwater system.

Question 4.
Describe the effects of deforestation on the eco-system. (M.P. Board 2012)
Answer:
Widespread deforestation is a great concern for the future of human life. The destruction of a forest can affect the hydrological cycle (the natural water distribution system) in a given area. More water is stored in the forests of the earth especially the tropical rain forests than its lakes. Forests themselves produce rain clouds partly because of evapotranspiration. Immediately after the rain falls on a rain forest, a fine mist begins to float back into the sky It increases both the humidity in the air and the odds of more rain just downwind.

Forests also attract rain by producing gases called tempenes and small amounts of a compound called dimethyl sulfide which float into the atmosphere as a gas, the tiny grains around which droplets of rainwater form. The deforestation would cause damage to eco-system as it would cease these contribution by the forests and thereby that of the rain amidst.

Question 5.
Describe the effects of population growth on the global water system. (M.P. Board 2020)
Answer:
Population growth is one of the major factor which threatens the existence of human life. Population is growing at a very rapid speed but resources are limited. Naturally, the pressure of population is becoming grave on the resources. As a result resources are exhausted, because the speed of the ability of nature to refill or recharge its resources is much slower in comparison to the speed of growth of human population. Hence, resources are sinking. We are cutting forests and digging the earth and this is all an invitation to our own doom.

D. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each:

Question 1.
Man is paving the path of his own doom. How?
Answer:
Man is said to be the creator of his own destiny. He is the most sensible creature who takes everything logically and wisely. But sometimes, it is felt that he himself is paving the path of his own doom. There are a number of reasons behind such feelings. First, man himself is responsible for the rapid population growth which is one of the many reasons for man’s doom. As the population grows, a pressure is created on the resources which are limited. Its refilling or recharging speed is very slow. Hence, resources in all their capacity fail to fulfill the human need. As a result, man starts to over-exhaust the resources.

This damages the eco-system in fact, the entire system of life. We have no enough
habitation, no enough water to drink, no sanitation, no education and above all no healthy living condition. We are polluting the whole atmosphere, water, food, etc. Only man can do something for the safety of the earth and its resources. He must be sensible otherwise he is doomed to die.

Question 2.
Recount and explain the five strategic threats to the global water system, as described by Al Gore.
Answer:
Al Gore in a very specific manner recounts five major threats to the global water system which are the redistribution of freshwater supply, the rise of sea levels resulting in the low-lying coastal areas, widespread deforestation, contamination of water resources and the pressure of rapid population growth.We depend largely on freshwater which is only 2.5 per cent of the total amount of water on earth.

Most of that is locked away as ice in Antarctica and to a lesser extent in Greenland, the north polar ice cap and mountain glaciers. Groundwater makes up most of what remains leaving less than .01 per cent for all the lakes. creeles, streams, rivers and rainfalls. This still leaves more than enough water to meet all our needs, but it is distributed unevenly throughout the world. As a result, human civilization has been ‘estricted to more or less the same geographic pattern.

Any lasting alteration of that pattern would therefore pose a strategic threat to global civilization. In the same way, rise in the sea level due to the global-warming is damaging the eco-system. The widespread contamination of water causes several deadly diseases. Deforestation causes flood. The pressure of rapid population growth represents the biggest major strategic threat to the global water system.

In many parts of the world, groundwater is being extracted from acquifers at rates that
far exceed the ability of nature to refill or recharge them. Man alone can save his future by adopting a discretionary approach.

Grammar

A. Note the position of the adverb in the following sentences:

• Unfortunately, the dramatic change in our relationship to the earth is causing profound
  damage to the global water system.
• Human beings are made up mostly of water.
• We must think logically.

Order of adverbs is very elastic in English. Many shades of emphasis can be expressed by a change of position. Except for Frequency Adverbs (often, never; always, sometimes, generally, usually, just, etc.) the normal position of adverbs is at the end of a sentence, in the order—manner, place and time (MPT).

Example: He spoke well at the debate this morning. The adverb of time may come at either end of sentence, but not in the middle, as a general rule. Exact time expressions come before general time expressions.

Example :
He was born at six o’clock on Christmas morning in the year 1991.
Now insert the adverbs given in brackets in their correct places:
1. He walked (afterwards, slowly, away).
2. They stayed (all day, quietly, there).
3. I shall meet you (outside your office, tomorrow, at 2 o’clock).
4. Our teacher spoke to us (in class, very rudely, this morning).
5. He played (at the Town Hall, last night, beautifully, in the concert).
6. We are going (for a week, to Nainital, on Saturday).
7. He gave up his claim (recently, reluctantly, at the meeting).
8. Their son was born in the year 2006, at 10.00 a.m. on 7th June.
Answer:

1. Afterwards, he walked away slowly.
2. All day, they stayed there quietly
3. Tomorrow, I shall meet you outside your office at 2 o’clock.
4. This morning, our teacher spoke to us very rudely in class.
5. Last night, he played in the concert at the Town Hall beautifully.
6. On Saturday, we are going to Nainital for a week.
7. Recently ) at the meeting he gave up his clame reluciantly.
8. Their son was born at 10.0 am on 7th June in the year 2006.

B. Study the excerpt carefully:

Many scientists are worried that as the polar regions warm up faster than the tropics and the temperature differences between the two get smaller, these ocean currents, which are driven in large part by those differences, may slow down or seek a new equilibrium. If the circulatory pattern changes, the climate pattern will also change: some regions will get more rain, others less; some areas will get warmer, others colder. The words in bold have some special purpose. They are used to show how the noun is
bring used. These are called determiners. You have studied them in detail in class XI.
Now fill in the blanks with suitable determiners.

1. Rohit came to my house. He asked me how ………. a………. money I had. I told him that I
had ……….b………. money which I had saved from ……….c………. pocket money. He told me that he needed ……….d………. money to buy e book on current affairs.

2. There was a knock at my door. When I opened ……….a………. door, I saw ……….b………. stranger with ……….c………. tool bag in his hand. I didn’t allow him to enter ……….d………. room as I had never seen him earlier.

3. Shivani needed ……….a………. paper to write her homework. She said to her father, “There isn’t ……….b………. paper left. Please buy ……….c………. paper for me when you go to the market.”

4. ……….a………. man bought………. b………. ox and sold it in ……….c………. open market. But he got only ………. d………. little money from the sale.

5. Aamir is a honest man. He never accepts money as ……….a………. bribe. According to him, honesty is ……….b………. best policy.

6. To be able to read ……….a………. language you have to learn its alphabet. Perhaps you already know how to read this. Let me explain by giving ……….b………. example.

7. ……….a………. penguin is ………. b ……….fearless bird. It walks in………. c………. very funny manner. Many………. d………. time it falls flat on its stomach.

8.  As ……….a………. potter was going round ……….b………. market, he saw ……….c………. same toy he had made ……….d ……….previous week, It was in same spot as before.

9.  Mohit told me that he needed ……….a………. money to buy a book on English literature. I simply denied saying that I did not have ……….b………. money. However, I gave him ………. c………. book, which contained ………. d ……….topics on literature.

10. I asked him, “What is ………. a………. matter?” He said to me, “Would you lend me ………. b………. money?” I replied, “My father is ………. c………. bank employee. He doesn’t earn …..d………. So, I can’t help you.”
Answer:

1. (a) much (b) some (c) my (d) some (e) a
2. (a) the (b) a (c) a (if) the
3. (a) some (b) any (c) some
4. (a) A (b) an (c) an (d) a
5. (a) an (b) the
6. (a) a (b)an
7. (a) The (b) a (c) a (d) a
8. (a) a (b) the (c) the (d) the (e) the
9. (a) some (b) any (c) the (d) some
10. (a) the (b) some (c) a (d) much

B. The following sentences have not been edited. There is an error in the usage of determiner in each sentence. Write the incorrect word and the correct one as shown in the example under the correct blank.

Answer:
Incorrect – Correct
(ii) other – more
(iii) some – either
(iv) Every – All
(y) any – no
(vi) Much – Many
(vii) any – a
(viii) don’t – doesnt
(ix) More – All
(x) a – some.

Speaking Activity

A. Arrange an elocution competition in your class on ‘Global Warming’. Each student will be given 3 minutes to express his opinion.
Answer:
Class-room activity.

B. Work in groups of four or five. Hold a discussion on the theme, ‘The earth is like a greenhouse, too.’
Answer:
Class room activity.

C. Given below are different viewpoints on the damage, we are causing to our planet by felling trees. In groups of four, discuss and add to these views.

Answer:
Do yourself at class level with the help of your teacher.

Writing Activity

A. Suppose you are Anjali, a student of class XII. Write an article on ‘Indilstrialization and Air Pollution forming ideas froth the given visual.

Answer:
Industrialization and Air Pollution. Industrialization is a boon as well as a curse for the society. It is a boon because it has made our lives comfortable and full of luxury. But we are paying heavy prices for this easy life. Industries have no doubt generated a fast life style but at the same time caused so much pollution. The air is contaminated, water is dirty and land is getting barren. The air pollution is the biggest threat as it is taking up lives of people. Diseases like asthma, bronchitis, allergies are affecting every generation. Recently, most part of north India was under ‘smog’ (smoke + fog) causing trouble to the people.
Anjali
XII class student

B. Water is very precious. Some people even go to the extent of saying that World War III may be fought on the issue of water. Keeping in view the need for saving each drop of water, write an article.
Answer:
Water is precious at all levels. We can’t live without water. Our body is made up of 71 per cent of fresh water. It maintains the whole eco system. We need water at every step. However, the store of fresh water is being exhausted at a very fast speed. The pressure of growing population is becoming severe. Nature fails to compensate or refill or recharge its store at the speed it is being used. Thus, its demand is increasing but supply is less. It is no exaggeration to say that the Third World War may be fought for water. We should make efforts to conserve each drop of water. Since water supports life, we need to preserve it for future generations.

Think It Over

A. The lesson is titled “If The Well Goes Dry”. If such a thing happens and happens in our lifetime, think of the consequences. Describe its effects on you, on your neighbourhood, on your town, on
your country and on the planet.
Answer:
Do yourself with the help of your teacher.

B. There are hints on the far-fetched ideas of desalination of salt-water from the sea to solve the problem of freshwater, and also on pulling the glaciers from the poles to the populated areas, in the lesson. Such ideas may be unfeasible but they are certainly catchy and creative. Can you think of any such idea, however impracticable it may be, to solve the global freshwater problem?
Answer:
Do yourself with the help of your teacher.

Things to Do

A. Prepare a poster on any one of the following themes:
(a) Rainwater harvesting.
(b) Noise pollution.
(c) Non-renewable natural resources.
Answer:
Do yourself.

B. Write slogans on ‘Water Conservation’ using pieces of card-sheet approximately
30 cm × 15 cm. Decorate the sheets creatively.
Answer:
Do yourself.

If the Well Goes Dry by Albert Gore Introduction

In the lesson, the author urges us to use water judiciously Water Is precious because we can’t live without Hence, it should not be misused over-extrated at any cost. There must be a balance between its demand and supply .

If the Well Goes Dry Summary in English

Human beings are made components of water. It occupies 71 per cent of the human body. The major of water are oxygen (61 per cent) and hydrogen (10 per cent). Some other elements are carbon, nitrogen calcium and phosphorus which are only 23,2.6,1.4 and 1.1 per cent respectively.

We all are parts of the earth. Land is a self-contained store of the sea water to which we are connected chemically and biologically Water also carries spiritual significance in most religions like it is used in Christian baptism and as Hinduism’s sacred water.

Our life depends on freshwater which is only 2.5 per cent of the total amount of water on earth, though unevenly distributed throughout the world. It is a threat to globalisation. The dramatic change in our relationship to the earth since the industrial revolution especially in this century, is now causing profound damage to the global water system.

A balance is needed to maintain the health of the earth. Warmer temperatures speed up both evaporation and precipitation accelerating the entire cycle. The increased warmth also increases the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere which causes the greenhouse effect and speeds the process still further. Warming oceans are likely to cause the average hurricane to be more powerful.

Another threat to the earth’s water system involves massive changes in landuse patterns especially widespread deforestation. The destruction of a forest can affect the hydrological cycle. More water is stored in the forests of the earth for they themselves produce rain clouds. They also attract rain producing gases like terpenes and dimethylsulfide. It is clear that when forests are destroyed. the rains eventually taper off and bring less moisture.

The rivers get shallower. Their capacity to drain the flood waters is impaired and flooding and along the banks becomes even worse. Contamination of water resources is another strategic threat. It is caused by chemical pollutants produced by industrial civilization. Its tragic effect is felt in Third World with the high rates of death from cholera, typhoid, dysentery and diarrhoea that arise from both viral and bacteriological sources. More than 1.7 billion people do not have an adequate supply of
safe drinking water.

More than 3 billion people do not have proper sanitation and are thus at the risk of having their water contaminated. The pressure of rapid growth of population adds to the misery of greater concern. Groundwater is being extracted at rates higher than that of the ability of nature to refill or recharge them.

As the groundwater reservoirs are out of sight, they remain out of mind until they begin to dry up or until the ground above them begins to sink or subside. It invites more and more natural calamities. Any damage to water resources is a damage to the whole human race for water sustains us. We must rethink and take care to let the water remain in its natural state and not waste it without thinking of the future.

If the Well Goes Dry Summary in Hindi

मानव अधिकांशतः जल से बना है। मानव शरीर में यह 71 प्रतिशत है। इसके प्रमुख तत्त्वों में ऑक्सीजन (61 प्रतिशत) और हाइड्रोजन (10 प्रतिशत) और कुछ अन्य तत्वों में कॉर्बन, नाइट्रोजन, कैल्शियम और फॉसफोरस है जो क्रमशः 23, 2.6, 1.4 और 1.1 प्रतिशत हैं। हम सभी मूलतः धरती के भाग हैं। धरती समुद्री जल का स्वाभाविक सम्पूर्ण भंडार है जिससे हम रासायनिक और जैविकी रूप में जुड़े हैं। जल का बहुत से धर्मों में दैविक महत्त्व है, ईसाइयों का बपतिस्मा और हिन्दुओं का पवित्र शुद्धिकरण जल से ही होता है।

हमारा जीवन शुद्ध जल पर निर्भर करता है जो धरती पर प्राप्त जल का केवल 2.5 प्रतिशत है जो कि सम्पूर्ण विश्य में असमान रूप से वितरित है। यह भूमंडलीकरण के लिए एक खतरा है। औद्योगिक क्रान्ति के बाद से पृथ्वी के साथ हमारे रिश्तों में नाटकीय परिवर्तनों से भूमंडलीय जल प्रणाली में भयंकर खतरा पैदा हो गया है। धरती के स्वास्थ्य के लिए एक संतुलन की ज़रूरत है। बढ़ता हुआ तापमान, वाष्पीकरण और बारिश के सम्पूर्ण चक को त्वरित करता है। बढ़ी हुई गर्मी से जल का वाष्प वायुमण्डल में तेज़ी से बनता है और हरित चकीय प्रभाव को अधिक प्रभावित करता है। गर्म होता हुआ समुद्र सामान्य ओला वृष्टि को अधिक शक्तिशाली बनाता है।

घरती के जलीय प्रणाली का दूसरा प्रमुख संकट है-बड़े पैमाने पर वृक्षों की कटाई और ज़मीन को उपयोग करने के बदलते तरीके जंगलों की कटाई से जलीय प्रणाली बुरी तरह प्रभावित होती है। जंगलों में ज़्यादा जल संचित है, क्योंकि धरती के जंगल ज़्यादा से ज़्यादा जलीय बादल उत्पन्न कर सकते हैं। वे वर्षा को उत्पन्न करने वाले Terpene और Dimethylsulfide जैसे गैसों को आकर्षित करते हैं। यह स्पष्ट है कि जब जंगलों की कटाई होती है तो वर्षा अपने आप कम होने लगती है और नमी में कमी आ जाती है। नदियाँ छिछली होने लगती हैं, उनकी बाढ़ के पानी को आत्मसात करने की क्षमता कम हो जाती है और किनारों पर बाढ़ की स्थिति और भी खराब हो जाती है।

जल संसाधन का प्रदूषीकरण एक अन्य महान खतरा है। यह औद्योगिक संस्थानों से उत्पन्न रासायनिक प्रदूषकों से फैलता है। इसका दुःखद प्रभाव तीसरी दुनिया के क्षेत्रों में ज़्यादा देखने को मिलता है, जैसे हैजा, टायफाईड, पेचिश एवं दस्त जैसी बीमारियों से होने वाली मौत की दरें बहुत अधिक हैं जो संक्रामक एवं जीवाणु स्रोतों से होता है। 1.7 अरब लोगों के पास पर्याप्त शुद्ध पेयजल उपलब्ध नहीं है। 3 अरब से अधिक लोगों के पास पर्याप्त स्वच्छता का अभाव है जिससे उनके जल प्रदूषण का खतरा बढ़ जाता है।

तेज़ी से बढ़ती हुई जनसंख्या का दबाव इस दर्द को और भी बढ़ाता है। धरती के पानी का अवशोषण प्रकृति की उस क्षमता से कई गुणा ज़्यादा है जिससे वह इसे पुनः प्राप्त करती है चूँकि धरती के अन्तःस्थलीय जल खोत नज़रों से ओझल होता है, इसलिए उसका तब तक अवशोषण होता है, जब तक कि वहाँ कि धरती की सतह पैंस न जाए। इससे ज़्यादा-से-ज्यादा प्राकृतिक आपदाएँ आती हैं। जल-संसाधन की कोई भी क्षति सम्पूर्ण मानव प्रजाति की क्षति है, क्योंकि जल हमारी रक्षा करता है। हमें पुनर्विचार करना चाहिए और ध्यान देना चाहिए कि जल अपनी प्राकृतिक अवस्था में ही रहे, न कि बिना भविष्य का विचार किए इसे बर्बाद होने दे।

If the Well Goes Dry Word Meaning

If the Well Goes Dry Important Pronunciation

If the Well Goes Dry Passages for Comprehension

Read the following passages carefully and answer the questions that follow them:

1. Human beings are made up mostly of water, in roughly the same percentage as water is to the surface of the earth. Our tissues and membranes, our brains and hearts, our sweat and tears all reflect the same recipe for life, in which efficient use is made of those ingredients available on the surface of the earth. We are 23 per cent carbon, 2.6 per cent nitrogen, 1.4 per cent calcium, 1.1 per cent phosphorus, swith tiny, amounts of roughly three dozen other elements. But above all we are oxygen (61 per cent) and hydrogen (10 per cent), fused together in the unique molecular combination known as water, which . makes up 71 per cent of the human body. (Page 39)

Questions:
(i) What are the contents of a human body?
(ii) Find the opposite in meaning to ‘roughly’.
(iii) Give noun form of the word ‘reflected’.
(iv) Find a word from the passage which means same as ‘capable’.
Answers:
(i) The contents of human body are water, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, calcium, hydrogen and some other tiny elements.
(ii) ‘Exactly’ is opposite to ‘roughly’.
(iii) ‘Reflection’ is the noun form of ‘reflected’.
(iv) ‘Efficient’ has same meaning as ‘capable’.

2. We depend especially on freshwater, which is only 2.5 per cent of the total amount of water on earth. Most of that is locked away as ice in Antarctica and to a lesser extent in Greenland, the north polar ice cap, and mountain glaciers. Groundwater makes up most of what remains, leaving less than .01 per cent for all the lakes, creeks, streams, rivers, and rainfalls. This still leaves more than enough water to meet all our needs, both now and in the foreseeable future, but it is distributed unevenly throughout the world. As a result, human civilization has been restricted to more or less the same geographic pattern that conforms to the distribution of freshwater around the planet. Any lasting alteration of that pattern would therefore pose a strategic threat to global civilization as we have known it.(Page 40)

Questions:

(i) What does our life depend upon largely? How much per cent of freshwater is available on earth?
(ii) Find a word similar in meaning to ‘restricted’.
(iii) Give noun form of ‘distributed’.
(iv) Find a word from the passage which means opposite to ‘equal’.
Answers:
(i) Our life largely depends upon freshwater. Freshwater is only 2.5 per cent of the total amount of water on earth.
(ii) ‘Prohibited’ has similar meaning to ‘restricted’.
(iii) ‘Distribution’ is the noun form of ‘distributed’.
(iv) ‘Uneven’ is opposite to ‘equal’.

3. Many scientists are worried that as the polar regions warm up faster than the tropics and the temperature differences between the two get smaller, these ocean currents, which are driven in large part by those differences, may slow down or seek a new equilibrium. If the circulatory pattern changes, the climate pattern will also change: some regions will get more rain, others less; some areas will get warmer, others colder.

If the first strategic threat to the global water system is a redistribution of freshwater supplies, the second, and perhaps the most widely recognized, is the rise of sea levels and the loss of low-lying coastal areas around the world. Since one third of humankind lives within sixty kilometres of the coastline, the number of refugees likely to be created will be unprecedented. (Page 40)

Questions:
(i) What would be the result of warming up of the polar region?
(ii) Find a word which is opposite to the word ‘widely’.
(iii) Give adjective form of ‘region’.
(iv) Give a word from the passage which means same as ‘danger’.
Answers:
(i) The warming of the polar regions will result in drastic change of climate pattern and some regions will get more rains while some others will get less, some areas will get warmer, other colder.
(ii) ‘Narrowly’ is opposite of ‘widely’.
(iii) ‘Regional’ is the adjective of ‘region’.
(iv) ‘Threat’ has same meaning as ‘danger’.

4. The next strategic threat to the global water system is the world-wide contamination of water resources with the chemical pollutants produced by industrial civilization. Unlike the global atmosphere, which is a single giant reservoir of air that is constantly and thoroughly ‘stirred’ into an homogeneous mixture, the global water system contains a number of large reservoirs and stores that are not always thoroughly mixed with all the other water on earth. Because molecules circulate freely throughout the global atmosphere, contaminants like CFCs, which break down into chlorine atoms, can become ubiquitous in the atmosphere everywhere on earth. That is not true with the global water supply. (Page 42)

Questions:
(i) What causes contamination? How are pollutants produced?
(ii) Give noun form of the word ‘industrial’.
(iii) Find a word which has the opposite meaning to the word ‘supply’.
(iv) What is the meaning of ‘contamination’?
Answers:
(i) Chemical pollutants cause contamination. These pollutants are produced by industrial establishments which release harmful CFCs.
(ii) ‘Industry’ is the noun form of ‘industrial’.
(iii) ‘Demand’ has opposite meaning to the word ‘supply’.
(iv) ‘Pollution’ is the meaning of ‘contamination’.

5. The pressure of rapid population growth, especially in the Third World, represents the
biggest major strategic threat to the global water system. In many parts of the world, groundwater is being extracted from aquifers at rates that far exceed the ability of nature to refill or recharge them. Yet, because these underground reservoirs are out of sight, they remain out of mind—until they begin to dry up or until the ground above them begins to sink or “subside.” California’s Sacramento River delta, which supplies the canal system known as the California Aqueduct with half its water, is sinking about three inches each year, perhaps because it is getting less sediment. As a result, this area—which already had to be protected by a network of levees from being flooded by the ocean—is becoming much more vulnerable to the consequences of the kind of earthquake common in the adjacent earthquake zone. (Page 42)

Questions:
(i) How does growing population affect the natural resources? What happens to the resources with the pressure?
(ii) Find a word which has the opposite meaning to the word ‘slow’.
(iii) Give noun form of the word ‘represent’.
(iv) Give a word from the passage which means same as ‘drowning’.
Answers:
(i) The growing population exerts a pressure on the demands of natural resources. The resources are being over-extracted and are decreasing day-by-day.
(ii) ‘Rapid’ is opposite in meaning to ‘slow’.
(iii) ‘Representation’ is the noun form of ‘represent’.
(iv) ‘Sinking’ is similar in meaning to ‘drowning’.

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MP Board Class 12th English A Voyage Solutions Chapter 4 Dream-Children: A Reverie (Charles Lamb)

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Dream-Children: A Reverie Textbook Exercises

Vocabulary

A. Frame sentences to explain the meaning of the following:
Carve (something) out, pull (something) down, keep up, carry away, set up, stick up, mop about, take off, go on,
Answer:

• Carve out : He has carved a fine figure of Goddess Durga out of marble stone.
• Pull down : The independents pulled the government down to election.
• Keep up : You should keep up your result.
• Carry away : There is no one to carry away it.
• Set up : My father set up a college in our village.
• Stick up : Do not stick up any bill to my boundary wall.
• Mop about : The thieves mopped about the house.
• Take off : This one will take off at 5 pm.
• Goon : Go on with your project.

B. Give Synonyms of the following Worlds
conception, up-braid, adjoining, awkward, courageous.
Answer:

• conception – ideas
• adjoining – neighbouring
• courageous – bold
• awkward – odd
• up-braid – plaited

C. Give antonyms of t he following:
ever, midnight, particular, empty, admiration.
Answer:

• Ever — never
• Midnight – midday
• Particular — common
• Empty — full
• Admiration — condemnation.

D. In the essay, you read an example of oxymoron ‘busy-idle’. Another example can be ‘deafening silence’. Give five more examples of oxymoron.
Answer:
Some examples of oxymoron are: tragi—comedy, forbidden—fruit, lame—footed.

Comprehension

A. Pick the correct alternatives from the following:

Question 1.
Who are Alice and John?
(a) lamb’s real children
(b) Lamb’s imaginary children
(c) Mary’s children
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(b) Lamb’s imaginary children

Question 2.
What sort of relations had Iamb with his brother?
(a) He disliked his brother.
(b) He loved his brother.
(c) He was indifferent towards his brother.
(d) He had differences with his brother.
Answer:
(b) He loved his brother.

Question 3.
What is Lethe?
(a) a river of England
(b) a river of India
(c) a river in Hades
(d) a river in Heaven.
Answer:
(c) a river in Hades

Question 4.
What was the immediate cause of the composition of the essay “Dréam Children:
A Reverie”?
(a) The death of his brother.
(b) The death of his grandmother.
(c) The death of his mother.
(d) The death of his father.
Answer:
(a) The death of his brother.

Question 5.
Which of the following fruits is not mentioned by Lamb that grew in the garden , in the Norfolk House?
(a) peach
(b) nectarine
(c) orange
(d) apple.
Answer:
(d) apple.

Question 6.
Who according to Lamb, was the best dancer during her youth?
(a) Alice, the daughter
(b) Alice, the mother
(c) Mrs. Field
(d) Bridget.
Answer:
(c) Mrs. Field

B. Answer the following questions in about 60 words each:

Question 1
Write a character sketch of Lamb’s grandmother. (M.P. Board 2009)
Answer:
Lamb’s grandmother had a pleasing personality. She was highly religious. She was beloved and respected by everybody. She was very particular and prompt in her duties. She was fond of children and always enjoyed to be with them during holidays. She was tall, upright and graceful. She was a good dancer and was so popular among the commoner that her funeral was attended by a concourse of all the poor and some of the gentry of the neighbourhood from miles away.

Question 2.
What sort of a person was John Lamb? How did Lamb admire him?
Answer:
John Lamb had some good sort of personality. He was extremely handsome and spirited young man. All the children loved him and he loved them too. He was kind and helpful. He usually helped the writer by carrying him on his back. He was careful about the big house and the garden. Later, in his life, he was in great pain, still he lived with enthusiasm.

Question 3.
What are the similarities between Alice, the mother and Alice, the daughter?
Answer:
As the writer was in dream about his family, he was lost in thought. Alice was his daughter and John was his son, in fact imaginary. He observed some similarities between Alice the daughter and Alice the mother, the representation of her eye and her bright hair are similar.

Question 4.
Describe the cremation of grandmother Field.
Answer:
Field was a graceful lady with all generosity and kindness. She was loved and respected by all. She was highly religious, so she was very popular among people. When she died, her funeral was attended by a concourse of all the poor, some of the gentry also came and make their presence. They all came from neighbourhood from many miles away to show their respect in her memory.

Question 5.
Describe how Lamb used to move about in the garden of the great house. (M.P. Board 2016)
Answer:
Lamb was a peculair child. He never liked to be in a company. So, he usually spent his time alone. He used to roam in the big mansion. He also walked along the big, spacious old-fashioned garden, where he sometimes met with the solitary man, gardening, who never liked him roam in the garden or allowed him pluck any flower or fruit.

Question 6.
Who did grandmother Field love the best among the Lamb brothers and why?
Answer:
Grandmother Field was a graceful lady. She loved all the children. She always wished to be with all their grand-children in the great house in holidays but she had special love,and attention for John. Lamb, because he was very handsome and spirited young man.He also moped about in solitary comers and cared the great garden of the great house.

Question 7.
Why does Lamb say that though grandmother Field was not the owner of the house ‘yet in some respect she might be said to be the mistress of it too’?
Answer:
Lamb’s grandmother Field was a very popular lady living in a great house in Norfolk. She was highly attached with the house. Lamb says that she was not, the mistress of the house. She was only in charge of it, because she was committed to it by its owner who preferred living in a newer house. Still she lived in it, in a manner as if it was her own. She maintained the dignity of the house.

C. Answer the following questions in about 75-100 words each:

Question 1.
Justify the statement that’Dream Children: A Reverie’ is a lyric in prose.
Answer:
Dream Children: A Reverie is an outburst of a flow of imagination of Charles Lamb. Lamb was said to be the Prince of English essayists. He wrote this essay when he was ” nearing his fifties. As his life was not at all happy and comfortable, he towards the end of his life, has expressed his dreams which couldn’t be fulfilled during his lifetime. He had suffered a lot in his life. He himself was lame. His elder brother whom he loved so much died in great pain.

He missed him because he usually carried him on his back when he could not walk. In his youth, Lamb had a disappointing love-affair with a girl who afterwards married another man. He was a bachelor. He lived in utter loneliness. Though he wanted a family and children but they were denied to him in his actual life. In this essay, he is dreaming for having two children, on both of his sides behaving like real . children. Although the story has created a moving life situation which has all the elements of a lyric. This is a flow which makes one completely engrossed with the story.

Question 2.
In ‘Dream Children: A Reverie’ Lamb has woven fiction around certain facts of his life. Illustrate this statement from the essay.
Answer:
Dream Children: A Reverie is a typical essay written by Charles Lamb. The main theme of the essay is woven around certain facts of Lamb’s life. His life was very pathetic. He was a lame and suffered a lot. He was very much attached with his elder brother John who also became lame in his later life. He was in great pain when he died. The writer was deeply distressed with this incident. He always wished for a family. Once he was in love with a girl but afterwards she denied to marry him. He lived a bachelor life. He also wanted children but he was denied of a family and children. This story is an imagination that he could never see as being fulfilled.

Question 3.
Discuss the element of pathos in the essay ‘Dream Children: A Reverie’.
Answer:
Dream Children: A Reverie presents an unfulfilled desire of the essayist, Charles Lamb. Lamb’s life was a tragic one. He was physically not sound. He earnestly wished for a family and children. But he could not get any. He loved his elder brother very much who also suffered great pain. Lamb was in great pain to see his elder brother dying slowly in great pain. Everywhere in the essay, Lamb has tried to reveal the real tragedy of his life. It is really a very touching essay.

Question 4.
Write a summary of the essay ‘Dream Children: A Reverie’ in your own words.
Answer:
This is a story of a dream of a life which the writer couldn’t have. Children are usually fond of listening to the stories of their ancestors. The writer’s children (in fact imaginary) came closer to him to know about their great grandmother Field who lived in a great house in Norfolk. The writer continued to say interesting facts about Field. Field was a highly religious lady loved and respected by all. She was in fact not the mistress of the great house but just a caretaker of it, still she lived with dignity. When she died, her funeral was attended by a concourse of all the poor and some of the gentry too, of the neighborhood. They came from many miles to show their respect in her memory.

Further, the writer said that Field was tall, upright and graceful. She was an esteemed dancer in her youth. Later she suffered from the deadly disease, cancer which put her in pain. But she was still upright, as she was so good and religious.

Field used to sleep by herself in a lone chamber of the great house. She usually believed that two infants used to glide up and down the great staircase near where she slept during midnight. The writer was scared for he never saw any infant. However, Field was always very good to all her grand children. She liked to have all the children with her in the house during holidays. The writer enjoyed his loneliness even there. He was always alone in himself even there in the house of the grandmother.

Then the writer told John and Alice, the two children who were taking much interest in the story that the grandmother loved all the grand children with joy but she had special attention to John L. John L was very handsome and spirited youth. He loved the great house and took care of the garden. He used to carry the writer on his back, for he was a bit older than the writer.

It was because the writer was lame and couldn’t walk long. Later, he himself became lame and was in great pain. His painful death haunted the writer for long. The writer missed him much; for he had loved him too. He missed his brother’s kindness, closeness and wished him to be alive again to be quarrelling with him.

The children cried to listen to the stories about their pretty dead mother. The writer continued that he courted the fair Alice W-N, but when he explained how he was denied of the marriage, what pain had to suffer the children great emotional. They thought and realized that they were not real children born of the writer and Alice W-N. They were nearly dreams. The writer was awakened and there was no one around him neither John nor Alice.

Question 5.
Justify the title of the essay, ‘Dream Children: A Reverie’. (M.P. Board 2010)
Answer:
The title of the essay, Dream Children: A Reverie is very appropriate in the context of its
theme. The writer tries to unfold his unfulfilled desire. For this, he creates the images of two children who act in a real manner. He tells them all his memories of life. He utterly desired to have a family and children which was never fulfilled. The situation of the essay appears to be a real life situation. He shows similarity between Alice the Mother and Alice the daughter. He also shows similarity of fair hair between the two and through the children he reveals and satisfies the realities of his life.

D. Explain the following:

Question 1.
Children love to listen to stories about their elders, when they were children; to stretch their imagination to the conception of a traditionary great-uncle, grandame, whom they never saw.
Answer:
These lines are the exposition of a common phenomena. The writer reveals that children are fond of listening to adventurous tales and tales about old generation. These stories thrill them. They are also curious to know about their own ancestors. It is a way that they wish to be familiar with their own past glory, prestige, etc.

Question 2.
I missed his kindness and I missed his crossness, and wished him to be alive again, to ‘ be quarrelling with him (for we quarrelled sometimes), rather than not have him again, and was as uneasy without, him, as he their poor uncle must have been when the doctor took off his limb.
Answer:
Through this, Lamb is blurring the line of fiction and reality. The uncle in the story coincides with the brother of Lamb. Here Lamb reveals his feeling about his elder brother. His elder brother was a handsome youth and a love some figure. He was always helpful to the writer. He used to carry Lamb on his back as Lamb was unable to walk long for being lame. Sometimes, he got angry and quarrelled with him. Still he was helpful. He was a man of all good qualities. So, Lamb missed him much. Fiction gets woven around facts,

Question 3.
‘We are not of Alice, nor of thee, nor are we children at all. The children of Alice called Bartrum, father. We are nothing; less than nothing, and dreams. We are only what might have been, and must wait upon the tedious shores of Lethe millions of ages before we have existence and a name’.
Answer:
These lines reveal the realities of this story. In the whole story, Lamb has created such a realisite atmosphere that everything appears to be happening in life. In fact, it is mere fantasy. He has exposed his desires through imagination. He neither had a family nor children. John and Alice are his dream children. When in the end, Lamb tells them that he could never get married the children are made to feel that they are creation of Lamb’s imagination. In the meantime, the writer is awaken and everything is finished.

Grammar

Look at the following sentences:

• Children love to listen to stories about their elders.
• Then I went on to say…
• I had more pleasure in strolling.

In the above sentences the words in bold are non-finites. Now, fill in the blanks in the following sentences with proper forms of non-finites:
1. She refused ………… with me.
2. They offered ………… after our children when we were away.
3. Not many people can afford …………….a car.
4. She appeared …………….. done the deed.
5. She is difficult ………..
6. He Came specially…..me.
7. I have never known him ………….his temper.
8. She was heard ………….
9. She was ill. I advised her ……….. a doctor.
10. She decided ………… a nurse.
Answer:

1. to stay
2. to look
3. to buy
4. to have
5. to manage
6. to see
7. to lose
8. shouting
9. to consult
10. to be.

Speaking Activity

Every student in the class should speak ten sentences about their parents, brothers, sisters, and cousins. The information should be based on facts and not fiction as Lamb has done in his essay.
Answer:
Do yourself.

Writing Activity

Write a letter to your pen-friend informing about your family, parents, siblings and cousins.
Answer:
ABC Road
Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh India
January 22, 20xx Dear John
Thanks for your reply. It was fascinating to know about your life in New York and your family and friends. It’s my turn to intimate you about my life here. I live-in a joint family and not in a nuclear family as is common in your country. My family includes my parents and siblings, my father’s elder brother and his family, my grandparents, myself and my dog, Timmy. I have an elder sister and a brother younger to me. My father is a dentist and mother is a housewife. We are lucky to have our grandparents always advising us with their wisdom and experience. My cousins are older to me and I love their company. I am sending you a photograph of this very happy and united family of mine. It’s nice to have a pen-friend in the U.S. A. I will wait your reply and expect you to tell me something about your city.
Your dear friend
Ali.

Think It Over

A. Reverie is pleasant thought that make you forget what you are doing or what is happening around you. Have you undergone similar experiences?
Answer:
Pleasant thoughts that make us forget, what we are doing or what is happening around
us. Once I had pleasant experience. I was sitting in my room. Suddenly, I began behaving in a strange manner. I called my mother and said that I have become the Prime Minister and in an hour I am flying to the Parliament. My mother called the other members of the house. They were laughing and got a bit serious. For almost an hour, I was elated and preparing myself for taking oath. Then my father came and as I saw him, all my elation disappeared and I was in my senses.

B. Memories not only give us pleasure-they also make us sad as we miss the bygone days. Do-you think Lamb’s reminiscences here are a blend of humour and pathos?
Answer:
Yes. Lamb’s reminiscences here are a blend of humour and pathos. He has dealt with the theme in a very realistic manner. Sometimes, the behaviour of grandmother creates humour while the memory of his brother creates pathos.

Things to Do

Study the style of Lamb. Among the modern essayists E.V. Lucas has written essays in the style of Lamb. Try to read the following essays by Lucas:
‘On Finding Things’ and ‘The Rope Trick’.
Answer:
Do yourself.

Dream – Children: A Reverie by Charles Lamb Introduction

Dream-Children: A Reverie is an outburst of a flow of imagination of Charles Lamb He write this assay when he was nearing his fifties. His life was not at all happy He wanted a family and children but they were denied to him in his actual life. The essay makes us aware of his deepening touching in life.

Dream – Children: A Reverie Summary in English

This is a story of a dream of a life which the writer couldn’t have. Children are usually fond of listening to the stories of their ancestors. The writer’s children (in fact imaginary) came closer to him to know about their great grandmother Field who lived in a great house in Norfolk. The writer continued to say interesting facts about Field. Field was a highly religious lady loved and respected by all. She was in fact not the mistress of the great house but just a caretaker of it, still she lived with dignity. When she died, her funeral was attended by a concourse of all the poor and some of the gentry too, of the neighborhood. They came from many miles to show their respect in her memory.

Further, the writer said that Field was tall, upright and graceful. She was an esteemed dancer in her youth. Later she suffered from the deadly disease, cancer which put her in pain. But she was still upright, as she was so good and religious.

Field used to sleep by herself in a lone chamber of the great house. She usually believed that two infants used to glide up and down the great staircase near where she slept during midnight. The writer was scared for he never saw any infant. However, Field was always very good to all her grand children. She liked to have all the children with her in the house during holidays. The writer enjoyed his loneliness even there. He was always alone in himself even there in the house of the grandmother.

Then the writer told John and Alice, the two children who were taking much interest in the story that the grandmother loved all the grand children with joy but she had special attention to John L. John L was very handsome and spirited youth. He loved the great house and took care of the garden. He used to carry the writer on his back, for he was a bit older than the writer.

It was because the writer was lame and couldn’t walk long. Later, he himself became lame and was in great pain. His painful death haunted the writer for long. The writer missed him much; for he had loved him too. He missed his brother’s kindness, closeness and wished him to be alive again to be quarrelling with him.

The children cried to listen to the stories about their pretty dead mother. The writer continued that he courted the fair Alice W-N, but when he explained how he was denied of the marriage, what pain had to suffer the children great emotional. They thought and realized that they were not real children born of the writer and Alice W-N. They were nearly dreams. The writer was awakened and there was no one around him neither John nor Alice.

Dream – Children: A Reverie Summary in Hindi

यह एक जीवन के सपने की कहानी है जिसमें लेखक कभी साकार न हो सका। बच्चे प्रायः अपने पूर्वजों के बारे में जानने को उत्सुक रहते हैं। लेखक के बच्चे (दरअसल काल्पनिक) उसके पास आए और अपनी दादी Field के बारे में जानना चाहते थे जो Norfolk के बड़े-से घर में रहती थी। लेखक मजेदार बातों के साथ Field के बारे में बताना शुरू किया कि Field महान् धार्मिक महिला थी जिसे सभी लोग प्यार और इज्जत देते थे। दरअसल वह उस विशाल घर की मालकिन नहीं थी बल्कि इसकी संरक्षिका थी। फिर भी वह काफी प्रतिष्ठा के साथ वहाँ रहती थी। जब उसकी मृत्यु हुई तो उसके अन्तिम संस्कार में काफी संख्या में गरीबों का समूह और कुछ पड़ोसी मध्यमवर्गीय लोग शामिल हुए। वे दूर-दूर से उसके प्रति अपनी आदर की भावना का प्रदर्शन करने आए थे।

आगे लेखक ने बताया कि Field लम्बी, अनुशासित एवं कोमल महिला थी। वह अपने युवाकाल में एक अच्छी नर्तकी थी। बाद में उसे कैंसर जैसी भयानक बीमारी हो गई जिसने उसे भीषण दर्द में डाल दिया। फिर भी वह सख्त थी और उतनी ही धार्मिक और अच्छी। . Field बड़े घर के एक अकेले कमरे में सोती थी। उसे प्रायः ऐसा लगता था कि दो बच्चे हवा में लहराते हुए उस नीचे

सीढ़ी पर आते थे जहाँ वह सोती थी। लेखक को इससे भय लगता था क्योंकि उसे कोई बच्चा दिखाई नहीं दिया। हालाँकि Field अपने पोतों के साथ बहुत अच्छा व्यवहार रखती थी। वह छुट्टियों में सभी बच्चों को एक साथ उस बड़े धर में देखनाचाहती थी। लेखक अपने अकेलेपन में ही वहाँ भी खोया रहता था। वह दादी माँ के बड़े घर में भी अपने आप में अकेला होता था।

फिर लेखक ने John और Alice दोनों बच्चों जो उसकी कहानी में विशेष दिलचस्पी दिखा रहे थे, को बताया कि दादी माँ सभी बच्चों को बेहद प्यार करती थी, परन्तु उसे John L से विशेष लगाव था। John L बहुत ही सुन्दर और उत्साही युवक था। वह घर को प्यार करता था और बगीचे की देखभाल भी करता था। वह लेखक को अपनी पीठ पर ढोया करता था, क्योंकि वह लेखक से बड़ा था। वह ऐसा इसलिए करता था कि लेखक पाँव से लंगड़ा था और ज्यादा दूर चल नहीं पाता था। बाद में वह खुद भी लँगड़ा हो गया और बहुत ही दर्द में था। उसकी दर्दनाक मौत हमेशा लेखक को कचोटता था।

लेखक को उसकी कमी महसूस होती थी, क्योंकि वह उसे बहुत प्यार करता था। अपने भाई केपण्या, और गुस्से को याद करता था और चाहता था कि वह फिर से जिंदा हो जाए और उससे झगड़े। बच्चों ने अपनी सुन्दर माँ की कहानी सुनने के लिए शोर मचाया। लेखक ने बताया कि उसने Alice W-N. से मंगनी तय की लेकिन जब उसने बताया कैसे उसे शादी के लिए नकार दिया गया और उसे कैसे दर्द से गुजरना पड़ा, तो बच्चे भावुक हो गए। उन्होंने सोचा और महसूस किया वे लेखक और Alice W.N. के बच्चे नहीं थे। वे दरअसल एक सपना थे। लेखक की नींद खुल गई और वहाँ कोई नहीं था, न John न ही Alice..

Dream-Children: A Reverie Word Meanings

Dream-Children: A Reverie Important Pronunciations

Dream-Children: A Reverie Passage for Comprehension

Read the following passages carefully and answer the questions that follow them:

1. Children love to listen to stories about their elders, when they were children; to stretch their imagination to the conception of a traditionally great-uncle, or grandame, whom they never saw. It was in this spirit that my little ones crept about me the other evening to hear about their great-grandmother Field, who lived in a great house in Norfolk (a hundred times bigger than that in which they and papa lived) which had been the scene- so at least it was generally believed in that part of the country-of the tragic incidents which they had lately become familiar with from the ballad of the Children in the Wood.(Page 22)

Questions:
(i) What do children love to listen?
(ii) Give noun form of the word ‘traditionary’.
(iii) Find a word from the passage meaning same as the word ‘spread’.
(iv) Give a word opposite in meaning of ‘strange’.
Answers:
(i) Children love to listen to the stories about their ancestors like grandmother, great- uncle etc.
(ii) ‘Tradition’ is the noun form of the word ‘traditionary’
(iii) Stretch is similar in meaning to ‘spread’.
(iv) Familiar has opposite meaning to ‘strange’.

2. Here little Alice spread her hands. Then I told what a tall, upright, graceful person their great-grandmother Field once was; and how in her youth she was esteemed the best dancer-here Alice’s little right foot played an involuntary movement ’till’ upon my looking grave, it desisted-the best dancer, I was saying, in the country, till a cruel disease, called a cancer ‘came’ and bowed her down with pain; but it could never bend her good spirits, or make them stoop, they were still upright, because she was so good and religious.

Then I told how she was used to sleep by herself in a lone chamber of the great lone ‘ house; and how she believed that an apparition of two infants was to be seen at midnight ; gliding up and down the great staircase near where she slept, but she said; “those innocents would do her no harm” and how frightened I used to be, though in those days I had my maid to sleep with me, because I was never half so good or religious as she and yet I never saw the infants. (Faye 23)

Questions:
(i) What did she suffer from? How did it affect her?
(ii) Give adjective form of ‘frightened’.
(iii) Find a word from the passage which has opposite meaning to ‘guilty’?
(iv) Find a word from the passage which means same as ‘scared’?
Answers: .
(i) She later in her life, suffered from cancer but her spirit was still upright for she was so good and religious.
(ii) ‘Frightening’ is the adjective form of ‘brightened’.
(iii)’ ‘Innocent’ is the opposite meaning to’guilty’.
(iv) Frightened is similar in meaning to ‘scared’.

3. Then in somewhat a more heightened tone, I told how, though their great-grandmother Field loved all her grand-children, yet in an especial manner she might be said to love their uncle, John Lamb, because he was so handsome and spirited youth, and a king to the rest of us; and, instead of moping about in solitary corners, like some of us, he would mount the most mettlesome horse he could get, when but an imp no bigger than themselves, and make it carry him half over the county in a morning, and join the hunters when there were any out and yet he loved the old great house and gardens too, but had too much spirit to be always pent up within their boundaries and how their uncle grew up to man’s estate as brave as he was handsome, to the admiration of everybody, but of their great-grandmother Field, most especially.
(Page 24)

Questions:
(i) Whom did the grandmother love in a special manner? Why?
(ii) Give noun form of the word ‘spirited’.
(iii) Give a word meaning same as ‘lonely’.
(iv) Find a word from the passage which means opposite to ‘condemn’?
Answers:
(i) The grandmother loved John Lamb, the elder brother of the writer in a special manner because he was very handsome and spirited.
(ii) ‘Spirit’is the noun form of word’spirited’.
(iii) ‘Solitary’ is similar in meaning to ‘lonely’.
(iv) ‘Admire’ is opposite to ‘condemn’.

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Laxmi and the Doll Textual Questions and Answers

Word Power

A. Match the words under column A with the explanations given under B:
कॉलम A में दिए गए शब्दों से कॉलम B में दी गई व्याख्याओं से मिलान करो।।
Answer:
1 +8, 2+4,3+7,4+2,5+3,6 + 1,7+6,8+5.

B. Consult a dictionary and find out the synonyms of the given words:
किसी शब्दकोश में छोड़कर दिए गए शब्दों के समानार्थक शब्द ढूँदिए।
Answer:

1. clear, apparent
2. border, boundary
3. wealth, treasure,
4. grasped, embraced
5. assert, demand.

Comprehension

A. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.
नीचे दिये हुए प्रश्नों का एक या दो वाक्यों में उत्तर दीजिए।।

Question 1.
Where had Lakshmi’s husband gone ?
लक्ष्मी का पति कहाँ चला गया था ?
Answer:
He had gone to some foreign country.
वह किसी दूसरे देश में गया था।

Question 2.
How did she treat her mother-in-law ?
वह अपनी सास से कैसा व्यवहार करती थी ?
Answer:
She loved and respected her mother-in-law.
वह अपनी सास से प्यार करती थी और उनका सम्मान भी करती थी।

Question 3.
What did Lakshmi’s mother-in-law give her when she was dying? (2008)
मृत्यु के समय लक्ष्मी की सास ने उसे क्या दिया था ?
Answer:
Her mother-in-law gave her a wooden doll.
उसकी सास ने उसे एक लकड़ी की गुड़िया दी थी।

Question 4.
How did Lakshmi behave towards the doll? (2008, 10)
गुड़िया के प्रति लक्ष्मी का व्यवहार कैसा था ?
Answer:
She gave the same respect to it as she gave to her mother-in-law.
वह उसे वही सम्मान देती थी जो वह अपनी सास को देती थी।

Question 5.
Why did Lakshmi go to the jungle? (2009, 13, 15)
लक्ष्मी जंगल में क्यों गई थी ?
Answer:
She went to the jungle to collect firewood.
वह जंगल में जलाऊ लकड़ी लाने गई थी।

Question 6.
Why did she climb a tree?
वह पेड़ पर क्यों चढ़ी थी?
Answer:
She climbed the tree because it was safe to sit there during the night.
वह पेड़ पर इसलिए चढ़ी कि रात के समय वहाँ बैठना अधिक सुरक्षित था।

Question 7.
What did the robbers do under the tree that Lakshmi was sitting on ?
लक्ष्मी जिस पेड़ पर बैठी थी उसके नीचे डाकुओं ने क्या किया ?
Answer:
They sat under the tree and were dividing the loot.
वे पेड़ के नीचे बैठ कर लूट के माल का बंटवारा कर रहे थे।

Question 8.
Why did they argue ?
उनमें वाद-विवाद क्यों हुआ ?
Answer:
They argued because each one wanted a bigger share.
उनमें वाद-विवाद इस कारण हुआ क्योंकि प्रत्येक अधिक हिस्सा चाहता था।

Question 9.
Why did they flee?
वे क्यों भाग खड़े हुए ?
Answer:
When the doll struck the head of the leader of the group, they thought that they had been attacked.
जब गुड़िया दल के मुखिया के सिर पर गिरी तो वे समझे कि उन पर हमला हो गया है।

Question 10.
What happened to Lakshmi’s husband when he was returning home?
जब लक्ष्मी का पति वापस घर लौट रहा था तो उसके साथ क्या घटना घटी ?
Answer:
While he was passing through the jungle, three robbers looted his belongings.
जब वह जंगल से गुजर रहा था तो तीन डाकुओं ने उसका सारा सामान लूट लिया।

B. “True faith and devotion is the key to success.” Elaborate this statement keeping in view the story of Lakshmi. (2009, 12, 16)
लक्ष्मी की कहानी को ध्यान में रखते हुए इस कथन को सिद्ध करो-“सच्ची आस्था और समर्पण सफलता की कुंजी है।”
Answer:
Lakshmi had full faith in her mother-in-law. She was completely devoted to her and to the wooden doll given by her. The doll struck the head of the leader of the robbers at the right time. They got scared and ran away. This saved Lakshmi from being caught and harassed by them. Not only this, it was instrumental in retrieving her husband’s belongings which were looted by the robbers. Thus, we can say that true faith and devotion is the key to success.

लक्ष्मी को अपनी सास तथा उनके द्वारा दी गई गुड़िया पर पूरा भरोसा था और वह इनके प्रति पूर्णरूप से समर्पित थी। गुड़िया सही समय पर डाकुओं के मुखिया के सिर पर टकराई। इससे वे डर गये और भाग खड़े हुए। इसके कारण लक्ष्मी उनके द्वारा पकड़े जाने से बच गई। इतना ही नहीं, गुड़िया उसके पति का जो सामान डाकुओं ने लूट लिया था उसे वापस दिलाने का भी साधन बनी। अत: हम कह सकते हैं
कि सच्ची आस्था और समर्पण सफलता की कुंजी है।

Language Practice

इस खण्ड के मूल प्रश्न व तालिकाएँ अपनी पाठ्य-पुस्तक में से देखिए। यहाँ केवल उनके उत्तर दिए जा रहे हैं।

A. Change the following sentences into Future Continuous Tense.
निम्नलिखित वाक्यों को Future Continuous Tense में बदलो।।
Answer:

1. Vini will be coming on Sunday morning.
2. The train will be coming at 3p.m..
3. I shall be doing it in the afternoon.
4. Ravi will be going to school tomorrow.
5. Mikki will be playing with you in the evening.

B. Change the following sentences into Future Perfect Tense, using the
appropriate time adverbs. निम्नलिखित वाक्यों को Future Perfect Tense में बदलो।
Answer:

1. They will have done it.
2. Ravi will have flown it.
3. I shall have came there.
4. You will have made it.
5. They will have planned for this.

C. Complete the following sentences using the Future Perfect Continu ous form of the verb given in brackets.
निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में कोष्ठक में दी गई क्रिया को Future Perfect Continuous रूप भरकर पूरा करो।
Answer:

1. He will have been waiting for you for two hours.
2. They will have been watching television for an hour.
3. He will have been swimming all morning..
4. She will have been sleeping the whole night.
5. I will have been playing it for five days.

Laxmi and the Doll Summary in Hindi

लक्ष्मी तन्जौर के पास जंगल के किनारे एक छोटे से गाँव में अपनी सास के साथ रहती थी। कुछ वर्ष पूर्व उसका पति विदेश में अपना भाग्य आजमाने चला गया था। उस समय लक्ष्मी,बहुत दुखी हुई थी, लेकिन उसकी सास उसे बहुत चाहती थी। लक्ष्मी भी अपनी सास का बहुत सम्मान करती थी और उनकी आज्ञा के बिना कोई भी काम नहीं करती थी। वह छोटी-बड़ी सभी बातों के लिए उनकी स्वीकृति लेती थी। एक दिन लक्ष्मी की सास बीमार पड़ गई। लक्ष्मी ने उनकी खूब तीमारदारी की, किन्तु उनकी हालत बद से बदतर होती चली गई और लक्ष्मी समझ गई कि उनकी मृत्यु निकट है।

वह उनसे लिपट गई और रोते हुए बोली, “माँ, प्यारी माँ, मुझे छोड़कर मत जाओ।” इस पर लक्ष्मी की सास ने उसकी ओर देखा, उसे अपने समीप खींचा और प्यार किया फिर बोली, “तुम चिन्ता मत करो ‘यदि तुममें साहस हो तो तुम अपनी देखभाल भली प्रकार कर सकोगी। फिर तुम्हारे पति भी कुछ दिनों में आ जाएँगे और तुम उनके साथ सुख से रहेगी। मैं तुम्हारी मदद के लिए ये दिये जाती हूँ।” और उन्होंने अपने तकिए के नीचे से लकड़ी की एक गुड़िया निकाली और लक्ष्मी को दे दी, “अब से ये गुड़िया मेरा स्थान ग्रहण करेगी।”

कुछ समय पश्चात् लक्ष्मी की सास की मृत्यु हो गई और लक्ष्मी उनके द्वारा दी गई गुड़िया से भी वैसा ही व्यावहार करती रही जैसा अपनी सास से करती थी। हर काम करने से पूर्व वह गुड़िया से पूछती कि क्या वह अमुक काम कर सकती है और फिर अपने से ही कहती कि हाँ कर लो।
जब गुड़िया उसके पास होती थी तो वह आश्वस्त महसूस करती थी। इसी कारण वह उसे हमेशा अपने पास रखती थी।

एक दिन सन्ध्या के समय उसने देखा कि घर में चूल्हा जलाने के लिए लकड़ी नहीं है। तब उसने गुड़िया से पूछ, “माँ, क्या मैं लकड़ी लाने जंगल में जाऊँ।” ओर फिर उत्तर दिया, “हाँ, जाओ पर सतर्क रहना, रास्ता मत भूल जाना।” लक्ष्मी जंगल में गई और लकड़ी बीनते हुए जंगल में घूमती रही। अचानक आकाश में बादल छा गये, बिजली चमकने लगी, बादल गरजने लगे और पानी बरसना शुरू हो गया।

लक्ष्मी गुड़िया से पूछकर एक बड़े बरगद के पेड़ के नीचे बैठ गई। कुछ समय बाद बारिश बन्द हुई तो रात हो चुकी थी, सब ओर अन्धकार था। लक्ष्मी भयभीत हो गई। उसने गुड़िया से पूछा कि अन्धेरे में वह भटक सकती है, अत: क्या इस पेड़ पर चढ़कर वहीं रात बिताए तो गुड़िया ने उत्तर दिया कि हाँ, ऐसा ही करो, और वह पेड़ पर चढ़कर एक मोटी-सी डाल पर बैठ गई। आधी रात के समय कुछ लोग उस पेड़ के नीचे आकर बैठ गये। लक्ष्मी को डर लगा कि कहीं वे पेड़ पर तो नहीं चढ़ेंगे। इतने में उनमें से एक ने लालटेन जलायी और लक्ष्मी ने देखा कि वे तीन लोग हैं जो एक थैले में कुछ सामान लिए हैं। उन्होंने उस सारे सामान को जमीन पर डाला तो उसमें सोने-चांदी के आभूषण व सिक्के थे। स्पष्टतः वे लोग डाकू थे और यह लूट का माल था। उन्होंने उसका बँटवारा शुरू किया और विवाद में उलझ गये। उनमें से प्रत्येक ज्यादा हिस्से का दावा कर रहा था।

विवाद बढ़ा तो वे एक-दूसरे से लड़ने लगे। यह देखकर लक्ष्मी बहुत ज्यादा डर गई और काँपने लगी। उसने गुड़िया निकालकर पूछना चाहा कि अब वह क्या करे पर गुड़िया उसके हाथ से छूटकर नीचे बैठे डाकुओं के सरदार के सिर पर गिरी। वह जोर से चिल्लाया और उन तीनों ने समझा कि उन पर हमला हो गया है। वे डरकर सारा सामान वहीं छोड़कर भाग खड़े हुए। लक्ष्मी सारी रात पेड़ पर बैठी रही। सुबह हुई तो नीचे उतरकर अपनी गुड़िया ढूँढ़ने लगी। गुड़िया सिक्कों के ढेर में पड़ी मिली। लक्ष्मी ने उसे उठाया और उससे पूछा कि अब वह क्या करे ? क्या सारा सामान घर ले जाए तो गुड़िया ने उत्तर दिया कि हाँ वह सारा सामान घर ले जाए और उसे उसके मालिक को दे दे।

लक्ष्मी ने सारा सामान डाकुओं के थैले में भरा और लेकर घर पहुँची-उसे पता नहीं था कि उसका मालिक कौन है ? थोड़ी देर में किसी ने दरवाजे पर दस्तक दी। लक्ष्मी समझी कि उस सामान का मालिक उसे लेने आया है। उसने दरवाजा खोला तो देखा उसका पति सामने खड़ा था। पहले तो वह भौंचक-सी उसे देखती रही फिर झुककर उसके चरण छुए और बोली, “मैं तो डर गई थी कि उस सामान का मालिक शायद उसे लेने आया हैं।” इस पर पति ने पूछा, “कौन-सा सामान ?” इस पर लक्ष्मी ने उसे सारा सामान दिखाया। सामान देखते ही पति क्रोधित हो उठा।

उसे लगा कि उसकी पत्नी की उन डाकुओं से मिलीभगत है। वह घर छोड़कर जाने लगा। इस पर लक्ष्मी ने उसे रात का सारा किस्सा सुनाया। तब पति बोला कि जब वह घर लौट रहा था तब रात को रास्ते में तीन डाकुओं ते उससे वह सारा सामान लूट लिया था। इस पर लक्ष्मी ने कहा कि, “फिर यह सारा नसामान आपका है इस स्वीकार कीजिए।” पर पति बोला कि नहीं यह सारा सामान लक्ष्मी का है क्योंकि वह उसी के लिए तो इसे ला रहा था। और फिर उन्होंने अपना सारा जीवन सुखपूर्वक बिताया। -शंकर

Laxmi and the Doll Word Meanings of Difficult Words

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The Selfish Giant Textual Questions and Answers

Word Power

A Match the words in column A with their meanings in column B :
कॉलम A के शब्दों का कॉलम B में दिए गए अर्थों से मिलान करो।
Answer:
1+3,2+4,3+5,4+ 2,5 + 1.

B. Write down the opposite of the underlined words.
रेखांकित शब्दों के विलोम लिखो।
Answer:

1. hell
2. lost
3. walk fast
4. happy

Comprehension

A. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.
निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों का एक या दो वाक्यों में उत्तर दो।

Question 1.
When did the children play in the Giant’s garden? (2014)
दैत्य के बगीचे में बच्चे किस समय खेलते थे।
Answer:
The children played in the afternoon after coming from school.
बच्चे दोपहर बाद स्कूल से लौटने पर खेलते थे।

Question 2.
Why did the Giant build a high wall round his garden? (2010, 12, 13)
दैत्य ने अपने बगीचे के चारों ओर ऊँची दीवार क्यों बनाई ?
Answer:
The giant built a high wall round his garden to stop the children from entering it.
दैत्य ने अपने बगीचे के चारों ओर ऊंची दीवार इसलिए बनाई कि बच्चे उसमें प्रवेश न कर सकें।

Question 3.
Why was the little boy crying? (2009, 15)
छोटा बालक क्यों रो रहा था ?
Answer:
The little boy was crying because he was not able to climb up the tree.
छोटा बालक इसलिए रो रहा था क्योंकि वह पेड़ पर चढ़ने में समर्थ नहीं था।

Question 4.
Why was the Giant angry when he came near the child for the final time?
दैत्य जब अन्तिम बार उस छोटे बालक के समीप आया तो उसे गुस्सा क्यों आया था ?
Answer:
The giant became angry when he saw wounds on the palms and feet of the little boy.
दैत्य को जब बालक की हथेली और पंजों पर जख्म दिखाई दिये तो उसे गुस्सा आया था।

B. Answer the following questions in two to four sentences each.
निम्न प्रश्नों का दो से चार वाक्यों में उत्तर दीजिए।

Question 1.
Why is the Giant in the story called selfish ? (2008, 14, 16)
कहानी में दैत्य को स्वार्थी क्यों कहा गया है ?
Answer:
The giant is called selfish because he wanted the whole garden to himself. He did not allow the children to play in it. He even built a high wall in order to stop them from entering the garden.

दैत्य को स्वार्थी इसलिए कहा गया है क्योंकि वह पूरा बगीचा अपने लिए चाहता था। वह बच्चों को उसमें नहीं खेलने देता था। यहाँ तक कि उसने बगीचे के चारों ओर एक ऊँची दीवार भी बना दी जिससे बच्चे अन्दर आ सकें।

Question 2.
Why did spring not come to the Giant’s garden? (2008, 09) दैत्य के बगीचे में बसन्त क्यों नहीं आया ?
Answer:
Spring used to come to the giant’s garden when the children used to come and play there. When the children were stopped from coming and playing in the garden spring also decided not to come.

बसन्त बगीचे में उस समय आता था जब बच्चे वहाँ खेलने आया करते थे। जब बच्चों का बगीचे में आना और खेलना बन्द कर दिया गया तो बसन्त ने भी न आने का निर्णय कर लिया।

Question 3.
The Giant saw ‘a most wonderful sight’. Describe what he saw ?
दैत्य ने एक बहुत ही मनोहारी दृश्य देखा। वर्णन करिये कि उसने क्या देखा ?
Answer:
He saw that spring had come to his garden. The trees were in full blossom and there was no trace of snow and hail. He also saw children on every tree.

उसने देखा कि उसके बगीचे में बसन्त आ गया था। पेड़ फूलों से लद गये थे और बर्फ और ओलों का नामोनिशान नहीं था। उसे हर पेड़ पर बच्चे भी बैठे हुए दिखाई दिये।

Question 4.
Why did the Giant feel sad even when the children came regularly to play in his garden? (2011)
जब बच्चे उसके बगीचे में नियमित रूप से खेलने आने लगे तब भी दैत्य दुखी क्यों रहता था ?
Answer:
The giant felt sad because he could not find the small boy in their group. The giant loved him the most because he had put his small arms round his neck and had kissed him when he first saw him.

दैत्य इसलिए दुखी रहता था क्योंकि उनके बीच उसे वह नन्हा बालक नहीं दिखाई देता था। दैत्य उसे सबसे अधिक प्यार करता था क्योंकि जब दैत्य ने पहली बार उसे देखा था तो उसने दैत्य की गर्दन में अपनी बाँहें डालकर उसे चूम लिया था।

Question 5.
Who was the little boy ? Where did he take the Giant ? Why ? (2009, 15)
वह नन्हा बालक कौन था ? वह दैत्य को कहाँ ले गया ? क्यों ?
Answer:
The little boy was Jesus Christ himself. He took the giant to his garden, the paradise. He took the giant with him because the giant had anged completely. He wasn’t selfish any more and had started loving children and playing with them.

वह नन्हा बालक जीसस क्राइस्ट स्वयं थे। वे उस दैत्य को अपने बगीचे में ले गयेस्वर्ग में। वह दैत्य को अपने साथ इसलिए ले गये क्योंकि दैत्य पूरी तरह से बदल चुका था। वह अब बिलकुल स्वार्थी नहीं था और बच्चों से प्यार करने व उनके साथ खेलने लगा

C Explain what does the story teller mean by spring has forgotten this garden, the snow and the frost cried, “so we will live here all the year round.” (2009)
कहानीकार इस उक्ति से कि बर्फ और ओलों ने चिल्लाकर कहा कि बसन्त इस बगीचे को भूल गया है, अतः हम यहाँ पूरे साल रहेंगे क्या कहना चाहता है ? समझाइए।
Answer:
He means that when spring will not come to the garden there will be no change in the weather. Summer will not come because it follows – spring and autumn will not come because it follows summer. Hence, winter will remain all the year round. And so there will be snow and hail all the year round.

क्योंकि बसन्त उस बगीचे में नहीं आयेगा तो ऋतु में परिवर्तन भी नहीं होगा। ग्रीष्म ऋतु भी नहीं आयेगी क्योंकि वह तो बसन्त के बाद ही आती है और शरद ऋतु भी नहीं आयेगी क्योंकि वह ग्रीष्म के बाद आती है। अत: वहाँ बर्फ और ओले पूरे साल रहेंगे।

Language Practice

इस खण्ड के मूल प्रश्न व तालिकाएँ अपनी पाठ्य-पुस्तक में से देखिए। यहाँ केवल उनके उत्तर दिए जा रहे हैं।।

A. Apply the correct form of the verbs given in brackets.
कोष्ठक में दी गई क्रिया के उचित रूप भरो।
Answer:

1. speaks
2. cooks
3. work
4. go
5. tells
6. visits
7. goes
8. migrate
9. comes
10. get.

B.Frame questions using the words given in brackets.
दिए गए शब्दों में प्रश्न बनाओ।
Answer:

1. How often does Anita watch television ?
2. How often do you write to your parents ?
3. What time do you usually have dinner in the evening?
4. How often does this car breakdown ?

C. Fill in the blanks with the indefinite or continuous form of the present tense of the verbs given in brackets.
कोष्ठक में दी गई क्रियाओं के Present Indefinite या Present Continouns से खाली स्थान करो।
Answer:

1. rains
2. speaks, is speaking
3. is sleeping
4. is crying
5. is doing
6. is running
7. is repairing
8. points, wants
9. wake, have
10. is cooking.

D. Rearrange the words to make meaningful sentences.
शब्दों को व्यवस्थित करके उचित वाक्य बनाओ।
Answer:

1. They have left for Indore.
2. She has come.
3. They have seen a parrot in the garden.
4. He has passed in the examination.
5. You have insulted me.

E. Change the following sentences according to the instructions given in brackets.
कोष्ठक में दिए गए संकेतों के अनुसार वाक्य परिवर्तित करो।।
Answer:

1. He has not slept for five hours.
2. He has not built the bridge for several months.
3. Have they been playing since 4 o’clock ?
4. I have been doing my job for three years.

F. Rewrite the following putting the verbs into the present perfect continuous form.
निम्नलिखित में क्रियाओं को Present Perfect Continuous में लिखो।
Answer:

1. I have been living here since 1948.
2. I’m afraid you have been looking at the wrong one.
3. Have you been waiting long for me?
4. He has been working in the post office for twenty years.
5. Nobody has come to see us since we have been living in our new house.

The Selfish Giant Summary in Hindi

प्रतिदिन स्कल से आकर बच्चे एक दैत्य के बगीचे में खेला करते थे। वह बगीचा बहत बड़ा और सुन्दर था। उसमें बसन्त में खूब फूल खिलते थे, शरद में पेड़ फलों से लद जाया करते थे और चिड़ियाँ चहचहाती रहती थीं। बच्चे भी वहाँ बहुत खुश रहते थे। उस बगीचे का मालिक एक दैत्य था जो सात साल के लिए अपने नरभक्षी राक्षस मित्र के यहाँ गया था। एक दिन दैत्य वापस आया और बच्चों को बगीचे में खेलता हुआ पाया। इस पर वह बहुत क्रोधित हुआ। मेरा बगीचा मेरा अपना बगीचा है, वह मन ही मन बोला और उसने बगीचे के चारों ओर एक ऊँची दीवार खड़ी कर दी तथा बोर्ड लगा दिया-“अनधिकार प्रवेश करने वालों पर कानूनी कार्यवाही की जाएगी।” अब बेचारे बच्चे बहुत दु:खी रहने लगे। उन्हें खेलने के लिए कोई जगह नहीं थी। वे सोचते थे कि दैत्य के आने के पहले वे कितने सुखी थे।

कछ दिनों बाद सारे देश में बसन्त आया, फल खिले. चिड़ियाँ चहचहाने लगी लेकिन उस दैत्य के बगीचे में शीतकाल ही बना रहा। सारे बगीचे में बर्फ जमी रही और ओलों के तूफान आते रहे। उस साल बगीचे में न बर्फ पिघली, न फूल खिले और न चिड़ियाँ चहचहाई। दैत्य सोचने लगा, “बसन्त आने में इतनी देर क्यों हो रही है। शायद कुछ समय बाद मौसम बदलेगा।” लेकिन बसन्त नहीं आया, गरमी का मौसम भी नहीं आया-न बगीचे में फूल खिले न फल लगे।

ऐक दिन अचानक जब दैत्य अपने बिस्तर में पड़ा हुआ कुछ सोच रहा था कि उसे मधुर संगीत सुनाई दिया। एक छोटी-सी चिड़िया उसकी खिड़की के बाहर चहचहा रही थी। तभी उसे लगा कि उत्तर से आने वाली ठण्डी हवा रुक गई है, ओला वृष्टि थम गई है और खिड़की से मधुर-मधुर सुगन्ध आ रही है। दैत्य ने उठकर बाहर देखा-उसके सामने एक बहुत ही सुहावना दृश्य था। दीवार के भीतर बने एक छोटे से छेद से बच्चे बगीचे में आ गये थे। वे पेड़ों की शाखाओं पर चढ़कर बैठे थे। प्रत्येक पेड़ पर बच्चे दिख रहे थे और बच्चों को वापस पाकर पेड़ बहुत खुश थे-उन पर फूल खिल उठे थे, चिड़ियाँ चहचहाने लगी थी और हरी घास में भी फूल प्रस्फुटित हो उठे थे, किन्तु दूर के एक कोने में अभी भी बर्फ जमी थी। उसके नीचे एक नन्हा-सा बालक खड़ा था, वह पेड़ की शाखा तक नहीं पहुँच पा रहा था।

दैत्य इस सबको देखकर चकित था। उसके मन में अचानक विचार आया कि वह कितना स्वार्थी हो गया था। शायद बच्चों का बगीचे में आना बन्द कर देने से बसन्त ने भी वहाँ आने से इन्कार कर दिया था। जब उसकी समझ में यह बात आई तो वह बाहर निकलकर धीरे-धीरे बगीचे में गया। पर यह क्या ? बच्चों ने जैसे ही उसे देखा वे डरकर भाग गये और उनके जाते ही बगीचे में शीतकाल का मौसम लौट आया, किन्तु दूर कोने में वह नन्हा-सा बालक खड़ा रहा क्योंकि आँखों में भरे आँसुओं के कारण वह दैत्य को देख नहीं सका था। दैत्य चुपके-चुपके उसके पीछे पहुंचा और उसे उठाकर धीरे से पेड़ की शाखा पर बिठा दिया।

तभी पेड़ों पर बसन्त आ गया। चिड़ियाँ आकर उसकी शाखों पर बैठ गई और मधुर संगीत सुनाने लग। वह नन्हा-सा बालक भी अत्यधिक प्रसन्न हो उठा। उसने अपनी नन्हीं बर्हि दैत्य के गले में डाल दी और उसे चूम लिया। दूर खड़े बच्चों ने जब यह सब देखा तो उन्हें लगा कि दैत्य वास्तव में उतना दुष्ट नहीं है जितना वे सोचते थे। वे दौड़कर बगीचे में आ गये और उनके साथ ही लौट आया बसन्त भी। तब दैत्य बोला, “बच्चो अब से यह बगीचा तुम्हारा है।” और उसने दीवार गिरा दी। उधर से निकलने वाले लोग हैरत में थे दैत्य बच्चों के साथ खेल रहा था।

अब प्रतिदिन बच्चे आते, दैत्य के साथ खेलते और शाम को उससे विदा लेकर घर जाते। पर दैत्य को वह नन्हा बालक फिर नहीं दिखा। उसने बच्चों से पूछा तो उसे उत्तर मिला कि न तो उसे जानते हैं न ही उन्होंने उसे कभी देखा है। वर्ष बीतते गये और दैत्य बूढ़ा होकर कमजोर हो गया। अब वह बच्चों के साथ खेल पाने में असमर्थ था। अतः अपनी कुर्सी पर बैठा-बैठा उन्हें खेलता देख प्रसन्न होता रहता था। वह मन में सोचता “मेरे बगीचे में बहुत सुन्दर-सुन्दर फूल हैं पर सबसे सुन्दर फूल तो ये हँसते-खेलते बच्चे हैं।”

एक दिन शीतकाल के समय उसने अपनी खिड़की से बाहर देखा और जो उसने देखा उससे वह स्तब्ध रह गया। बगीचे में दूर एक कोने में फूल खिल रहे थे, फल लटक रहे थे और नीचे एक नन्हा बालक खड़ा था। वह जल्दी से बालक के पास गया और यह देखकर कि उसकी दोनों हथेलियों और पंजों पर कील ठोंकने के घाव और खून है गुस्से से आग-बबूला हो गया। उसने बालक से पूछा कि किसने उसे जख्मी करने की जुर्रत की है, जिसने यह किया है उसे वह मार डालेगा। नन्हें बालक ने उत्तर दिया, “नहीं, वह तो प्रेम के चिह हैं।

” यह सुनकर दैत्य को एक विचित्र से भय का अनुभव हुआ और वह उस बालक के सामने नतमस्तक हो गया। तब वह बालक मुस्कुराया और बोला, “एक दिन तुमने मुझे अपने बगीचे में खेलने दिया था, आज तुम मेरे बगीचे में चलोगे वह स्वर्ग है।” दोपहर बाद जब बच्चे बगीचे में खेलने पहुंचे तो उन्हें वह दैत्य मृत पड़ा हुआ मिला। -ऑस्कर वाइल्ड

The Selfish Giant Word Meanings of Difficult Words

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The Shepherd Textual Questions and Answers

Word Power

A. Fill in the blanks with suitable words given.
[दिये गये खाली स्थानों में उचित शब्द भरो।।
Answer:

1. strays
2. tender
3. peace
4. nigh.

B. Write the opposites of the underlined words in the given sentences.
दिये गय वाक्यों में रेखांकित शब्दों के विलोम लिखो।
Answer:

1. sad
2. sorrow
3. awake
4. hates
5. grief.

Comprehension

A. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.
निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के एक या दो वाक्यों में उत्तर लिखो।।

Question 1.
What does the shepherd do all the day ? (2009, 12, 13)
गड़रिया दिन भर क्या करता है ?
Answer:
He follows his sheep.
वह अपनी भेड़ों का अनुगमन करता है।

Question 2.
When does he feel happy ?
वह कब आनन्द का अनुभव करता है ?
Answer:
He feels happy when the lamb calls and the ewe replies.
वह उस समय आनन्द का अनुभव करता है जब मेमना आवाज लगाता है और उसकी माँ उत्तर देती है।

Question 3.
When is the shepherd watchful ? (2009, 16)
गड़रिया कब सतर्क रहता है ?
Answer:
He is watchful when in the night, his sheep is resting in peace.
वह रात को सतर्क रहता है जब उसकी भेड़ शान्तिपूर्वक आराम कर रही होती हैं।

B. Answer the following questions in two to four sentences each.
निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों का दो से चार वाक्यों में उत्तर दो।

Question 1.
Why is the shepherd considered to be lucky? (2011)
गड़रिये को भाग्यशाली क्यों समझा गया ?
Answer:
The shepherd is considered to be lucky because he has got a sweet lot of sheep. Not only this, the sheep feel quite safe when under his charge.

गड़रिये को भाग्यशाली इसलिए कहा गया क्योंकि उसके पास एक प्यारा-सा भेड़ों का झुण्ड है। केवल यहीं नहीं, भेंड़ें भी उसके संरक्षण में पूर्ण रूप से सुरक्षित अनुभव करती है।

Question 2.
Why does he feel pleasure on hearing the lamb’s call and its mother’s response?’ (2009)
मेमने की आवाज और उसकी माँ के उत्तर को सुनकर वह आनन्द का अनुभव क्यों करता है ?
Answer:
He feels pleasure because the lamb’s call is very innocent. Moreover, the ewe’s reply is pretty tender.

वह इसलिए आनन्द का अनुभव करता है क्योंकि मेमने की आवाज अत्यन्त मासूमियत भरी होती है उसकी माँ का उत्तर प्यार भरा होता है।

Question 3.
Why is the lamb’s call described innocent?
मेमने की आवाज को मासूमियत भरी क्यों कहा गया है ?
Answer:
The lamb’s call is described as innocent because it is from a very young animal. At that age it is not supposed to be calculating. It is simply calling its mother.

मेमने की आवाज को इसलिए मासूमियत भरी कहा गया है क्योंकि वह एक बहुत छोटे से जानवर की आवाज है। इस आयु में उससे छल-कपट की आशा नहीं की जा सकती। वह तो मात्र अपनी माँ को पुकार रहा है।

Question 4.
What makes the mother’s response tender ?
उसकी माँ के उत्तर को स्नेहसिक्त क्यों कहा गया है ?
Answer:
The mother’s response is tender because she is responding to her offspring. She is expressing her love through it.

उसकी माँ के उत्तर को स्नेहसिक्त इसलिए कहा गया है क्योंकि वह अपनी सन्तान की पुकार का उत्तर दे रही है। उसके द्वारा वह अपना प्यार व्यक्त कर रही है।

Question 5.
Why does the sheep feel secure ? (2015)
भेड़ें सुरक्षित क्यों अनुभव करती हैं ?
Answer:
The sheep feel secure because their shepherd is near them. He is keeping a watchful eye and so they need not worry.

भेड़ें सुरक्षित इस कारण अनुभव करती हैं क्योंकि उनका गड़रिया उनके नजदीक है। वह उनकी रखवाली कर रहा है, इसलिए उन्हें भयभीत होने की कोई आवश्यकता नहीं है।

The Shepherd Hindi Translation

गड़रिये का शान्त समूह कितना आकर्षक है;
वह सुबह से शाम तक भ्रमण करता रहता है।
सारे दिन वह अपनी भेड़ों के पीछे चलता जाता है;
और उसके मुँह से सदा उनकी प्रशंसा ही निकलती है।
क्योंकि उसे भेड़ के बच्चे की मासूम पुकार सुनाई देती है;
और उसे उसकी माँ का सौम्य उत्तर भी सुनाई देता है।
वह सदैव सतर्क रहता है और वे चैन से बंधी रहती हैं।
क्योंकि वे जानती है कि उनका गड़रिया नजदीक ही है। -विलियम ब्लेक

The Shepherd Word Meanings of Difficult Words

Above provided complete MP Board Solutions 11th English Study guide is useful for making your preparation effective. Students can frequently visit our page to get the latest updates on other subjects study materials.

Students who are studying 11th can get the free Madhya Pradesh Board Solutions for 11th English Chapter 3 Dear Teacher Questions and Answers PDF here. You can download MP Board Class 11th English Solutions Questions and Answers PDF on this page. Practice questions of Mp Board Solutions of 11th English subject as many times as possible to get good marks.

MP Board Class 11th English The Spectrum Solutions Chapter 3 Dear Teacher

Gather chapter wise MP Board Solutions for 11th English Study Material to score the highest marks in the final exam. Various chapters and subtopics are given clearly in MP Board Class 11th English Solutions Chapter 3 Dear Teacher Questions and Answers Material. All the MP Board Solutions for 11th English Questions with detailed answers are provided by subject experts. The step by step MP Board Class 11th English Chapter 3 Dear Teacher Questions and Answers guide will help you to enhance your skills in English subject and The Spectrum Solutions. Here, along with the subject knowledge, The Spectrum Solutions knowledge also plays an important role. So, students should download MP Board Solutions 11th English and read it to attempt all the questions with 100% confidence.

Dear Teacher Textual Questions and Answers

Word Power

A. Arrange the words given below in the columns according to traits/ qualities they represent.
[दिए गए शब्दों का गुणों के आधार पर व्यवस्थित कीजिए।
Answer:
Negative Traits – Positive Traits

1. hardworking – 1. selfish
2. friendliness – 2. envy
3. quiet laughter – 3. howling
4. love for nature – 4. bullying
5. to laugh when sad – 5. cheating
6. wonder of books – 6. cynicism

B. Fill in the blanks using the words given, to complete the paragraph.
[रिक्त स्थान भरकर अनुच्छेद पूरा कीजिए।।
Answer:
wants, learn, physical, abilities, bidders, never, laugh, odd.

Comprehension

A Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.
[निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों का एक या दो वाक्यों में उत्तर दीजिए।

Question 1.
Who is the writer of the letter? Who is the addressee? (2013) ”
पत्र का लेखक कौन है ? पत्र किसे लिखा गया है?
Answer:
The writer of this letter is Abraham Lincoln. The letter is written to the teacher of his son.
इस पत्र के लेखक एब्राहम लिंकन है। पत्र उनके पुत्र के शिक्षक को लिखा गया है।

Question 2.
Which sentences in the letter suggest that the evil is balanced by the good ?
पत्र के किन वाक्यों से पता चलता है कि बुराई अच्छाई से सन्तुलित होती है ?
Answer:
The following sentences suggests this:
For every scoundrel there is a hero, for every selfish politician there is a dedicated leader and for every enemy there is a friend.
इन वाक्यों से यह पता चलता है हर दुष्ट के लिए यहाँ एक वीर है, हर स्वार्थी राजनेता के लिए एक समर्पित नेता है और हर शत्रु के लिए एक मित्र होता है।

Question 3.
How are bullies the easiest to defeat ? (2008,09,10,11,12,16)
दबंगों को हराना सबसे आसान क्यों हैं ?
Answer:
Bullies are the easiest to defeat because they can be easily targeted.
दबंगों को हराना इसलिए सबसे आसान है कि उन्हें आसानी से निशाना बनाया जा सकता

Question 4.
Select the sentences from the text that suggests Lincoln wanted his son to appreciate nature.
पाठ में से वह वाक्य चुनो जिससे ज्ञात होता है कि लिंकन चाहते थे कि उनका पुत्र प्रकृति प्रेमी बने।
Answer:
“But also give him quiet time to ponder the eternal mystery of birds in the sky, bees in the sun and flowers on a green hillside.”
“लेकिन उसे एकान्त भी प्रदान करो जिसमें वह आकाश में उड़ती चिड़ियों, सूरज की धूप में कार्यरत मधुमक्खियों और हरी-भरौ पहाड़ियों पर खिलखिलातें फूलों के शाश्वत रहस्य पर मनन कर सकें।”

Question 5.
Pick up the expression from the text which suggests that Lincoln greatly loved his son.
पाठ में से उस पद को निकालो जिससे पता चलता हो कि लिंकन अपने पुत्र को अत्यधिक प्यार करता था।
Answer:
“He is such a fine little fellow, my son” !
“वह एक बहुत ही प्यारा छोटा बच्चा है, मेरा पुत्र” !

Question 6.
What is worse than failure ? (2009, 11, 14)
असफलता से अधिक बुरा क्या है?
Answer:
Cheating is worse than failure.
नकल करना (बेईमानी करना) असफलता से ज्यादा बुरा है।

B. Briefly explain the following statements from the text.
पाठ के इन कथनों को संक्षेप में समझाइए।।

1. ….. a dollar earned is of far more value than five pounds.
Answer:
To earn a small sum by one’s own labour is far better than a huge sum received in gift.

2. …… to have faith in his own ideas, even if everyone tells him they are wrong.
Answer:
To have confidence in one’s own thinking ability.

3. …… to close his ears to the howling mob.
Answer:
Pay no heed to people shouting nonsensically

4. …… the secret of quiet laughter.
Answer:
Enjoying happiness and satisfaction without much ado.

5. ……. the courage to be impatient : …… the patience to be brave.
Answer:
Courage to be eager to do the right thing or to fight evil …… ability to persevere with fearlessness.

Language Practice

इस खण्ड के मूल प्रश्न व तालिकाएँ अपनी पाठ्य-पुस्तक में से देखिए। यहाँ केवल उनके उत्तर दिए जा रहे हैं।।

Complete these sentences using ‘little’ or ‘few’.

Question 1.
Little’ या ‘few’ का उपयोग करके वाक्य पूरे करो।
Answer:

1. few, little
2. little
3. little
4. few
5. Few.

Question 2.
Complete the sentences using a little’ or ‘a few’.
[a little’ या ‘a few’ का उपयोग करके वाक्य पूरे करो।
Answer:

1. a little
2. a few
3. a few
4. a few
5. a little, a few.

Question 3.
Complete the sentences using the little’ or ‘the few’.
[the little’ या ‘the few’ का उपयोग करके वाक्य पूरे करो।]
Answer:

1. The little
2. The few
3. the few
4. the little.

Question 4.
Complete the following sentences by filling in “each’ or ‘every’ as may be suitable.
[each’ या ‘every’ भरकर वाक्या पूरे करो।
Answer:

1. every
2. Each
3. Every
4. every
5. every
6. every
7. Each
8. each
9. Every
10. every

Question 5.
Fill in the blanks with ‘all’, ‘both’ or ‘whole whichever is suitable.
[‘all’, ‘both’ या ‘whole’ का उपयोग करके रिक्त स्थान भरो। ]
Answer:

1. all
2. whole
3. Both
4.  All
5. whole
6. all
7. whole
8. All
9. all
10. both

Question 6.
Insert ‘either’ or ‘neither’ wherever necessary.
‘either’ या ‘neither’ से रिक्त स्थान भरो।
Answer:

1. neither
2. either, neither
3. either
4. either
5. Neither
6. either
7. either
8. Neither
9. Neither
10. either.

Dear Teacher Summary in Hindi

मैं जानता हूँ कि उसे यह सीखना पड़ेगा कि सभी इन्सान ईमानदार और सच्चे नहीं होते, किन्तु उसे यह भी सिखाइए कि प्रत्येक बदमाश के प्रतिकार के लिए एक वीर होता है, प्रत्येक स्वार्थी राजनीतिज्ञ के प्रतिकार के लिए एक समर्पित नेता होता है। उसे समझाइए कि प्रत्येक विरोधी के प्रतिकार के लिए एक मित्र होता है। मैं समझता हूँ कि इसमें समय लगेगा, पर यदि आप उसे समझा सकतें हों तो समझाएँ कि कमाए हुए एक डॉलर का मूल्य पाँच पाउण्ड से अधिक होता है। उसे पराजय स्वीकारना सिखाइए पर इसी के साथ-साथ उसे विजय पर आनन्दित होना भी सिखाइए।

उसका मार्गदर्शन कीजिए जिससे वह विद्वेष से दूर रह सके। यदि आप कर सकें तो उसे निश्चल हास्य का मर्म सिखाइए।उसे जल्दी ही यह सिखा दीजिए कि उद्दण्डों को धूल चटाना सबसे आसान काम है। यदि आप कर सकते हों तो उसे किताबों के कौतुक का ज्ञान भी दीजिए, किन्तु उसे शान्ति के साथ बैठकर आकाश में उड़ती चिड़ियों, सूर्य के प्रकाश में कार्यरत मधुमक्खियों और हरित पहाड़ियों पर खिलते फूलों के चिरन्तन रहस्य पर चिन्तन करने के लिए भी समय दीजिए।

स्कल में उसे सिखाइए कि नकल करके पास होने से फेल होना ज्यादा सम्मानजनक है। यदि सब लोग कहें कि वे गलत हैं तब भी उसे अपने विचारों पर भरोसा रखना सिखाइए। उसे भले लोगों के साथ भला और दुष्टों के साथ दुष्ट के समान व्यवहार करना सिखाइए। मेरे पुत्र को इतनी शक्ति प्रदान करने का प्रयत्न कीजिए कि वह उस भीड़ से अलग रहे जो किसी लोकप्रिय होती गतिविधि में शामिल हो रही हो। उसे सभी लोगों की बात सुनना सिखाइए, लेकिन उसे यह भी सिखाइए कि जो वह सुनता है उसे सच्चाई की छलनी से छाने और जो अच्छाई निकले उसी को स्वीकार करे।

यदि आप कर सकें तो उस सिखाइए कि उदासी के समय हँसा कैसे जाता है। उसे सिखाइए कि आँसुओं से शर्मसार होने की आश्वयकता नहीं है। उसे दोषदर्शियों की हँसी उड़ाना तथा अधिक चाटुकारिता दिखाने वालों से सतर्क रहना सिखाइए। उसे अपनी शारीरिक एवं मानसिक क्षमता को सबसे अधिक बोली लगाने वालों को देना सिखाइए, किन्तु अपनी आत्मा और अपने हृदय का कोई मूल्य निर्धारित नहीं करना सिखाइए। उसे उत्तेजित भीड़ के शोर-शराबे पर ध्यान न देना और सच्चाई के लिए लड़ना भी सिखाइए।

उसके साथ सहृदयता का व्यवहार तो करिए किन्तु अधिक लाड़-प्यार मत दिखाइए क्योंकि आग में तपकर ही व्यक्ति लौहपुरुष बनता है। उसमें व्यग्रता के लिए साहस और बहादुरी के लिए धैर्य होना चाहिए। उसे अपने आप में परम विश्वास रखना सिखाइए क्योंकि तभी मानव जाति में उसका परम विश्वास बना रह सकता है। यह एक मुश्किल अभियाचना है पर देखिए आप क्या कुछ कर सकते हैं। वह, मेरा पुत्र, एक बहुत अच्छा इन्सान है। -अब्राहम लिंकन

Dear Teacher Word Meanings of Difficult Words

Above provided complete MP Board Solutions 11th English Study guide is useful for making your preparation effective. Students can frequently visit our page to get the latest updates on other subjects study materials.

Students who are studying 11th can get the free Madhya Pradesh Board Solutions for 11th English Chapter 2 The Limits of Knowledge Questions and Answers PDF here. You can download MP Board Class 11th English Solutions Questions and Answers PDF on this page. Practice questions of Mp Board Solutions of 11th English subject as many times as possible to get good marks.

MP Board Class 11th English The Spectrum Solutions Chapter 2 The Limits of Knowledge

Gather chapter wise MP Board Solutions for 11th English Study Material to score the highest marks in the final exam. Various chapters and subtopics are given clearly in MP Board Class 11th English Solutions Chapter 2 The Limits of Knowledge Questions and Answers Material. All the MP Board Solutions for 11th English Questions with detailed answers are provided by subject experts. The step by step MP Board Class 11th English Chapter 2 The Limits of Knowledge Questions and Answers guide will help you to enhance your skills in English subject and The Spectrum Solutions. Here, along with the subject knowledge, The Spectrum Solutions knowledge also plays an important role. So, students should download MP Board Solutions 11th English and read it to attempt all the questions with 100% confidence.

The Limits of Knowledge Textual Questions and Answers

Word Power

Question 1.
Match the words in column A with their meanings in column B.
[शब्दों का उनके अर्थों से मिलान करो।।.
Answer:
1 +4,2+ 1,3+5,4+2,5+6.6 + 3.

Comprehension

A. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.
[निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक या दो वाक्यों में दीजिए।

Question 1.
In what kind of scholarship did King Bhoj believe? (2012)
राजा भोज किस तरह के पाण्डित्य में विश्वास करते थे ?
Answer:
King Bhoj believed in that kind of scholarship which strives relentlessly to extend the limits of human knowledge
जो मानवीय ज्ञान की सीमाओं को बढ़ाने में निरन्तर संघर्षरत हो।

Question 2.
What caused the king and scholar to lose their way?
राजा तथा विद्वान मार्ग क्यों भटक गये ?
Answer:
They lost their way because they were deeply immersed in literary and philosophical discussion
वे मार्ग से भटक गये क्योंकि वे साहित्यिक तथा दार्शनिक चर्चा में डूबे हुए थे।

Question 3.
What did the king and the scholar ask the old woman ?
राजा और विद्वान ने बूढ़ी औरत से क्या पूछा ?
Answer:
They asked the old woman to tell them where that road went.
उन्होंने पूछा कि वह रास्ता कहाँ जाता था।

Question 4.
What did she reply ? उसने क्या जवाब दिया ?
Answer:
She said that the road did not go anywhere but stayed where it was. It was only the people who walked on it went somewhere.
उसने कहा कि रास्ता कहीं नहीं जाता, वहीं रहता है। केवल वे लोग जो उस पर चलते हैं, वे कहीं जाते हैं।

Question 5.
Who are the two guests according to the old woman ? (2014)
बूढ़ी औरत के अनुसार दो अतिथि कौन हैं ?
Answer:
According to the old woman the two guests are wealth and youth.
धन और यौवन दो अतिथि हैं।

Question 6.
Who are Indra and Yama? (2013, 15)
इन्द्र और यम कौन है ?
Answer:
Indra and Yama are the two kings. Indra is the king of Gods while Yama is the king of death.
इन्द्र और यम राजा हैं। इन्द्र देवताओं के राजा हैं तथा यम मृत्यु के देवता हैं।

Question 7.
Who are the two Sadhus?
दो साधु कौन हैं ?
Answer:
The two Sadhus are modesty and contentment.
विनम्रता और सन्तोष दो साधु हैं।

Question 8.
How would you define the word ‘pardesi’?
‘परदेसी’ शब्द को तुम किस प्रकार परिभाषित करोगे?
Answer:
Pardesi is a person who comes to a new country or town.
वह व्यक्ति जो किसी नए देश या गाँव आता है।

Question 9.
Who are the two defeated in the world? (2008, 09)
संसार में दो हारे हुए व्यक्ति कौन है ?
Answer:
The two defeated men are a man burdened with debt and the father of a girl who hasn’t got good qualities.
कर्ज के बोझ से दबा हुआ व्यक्ति और सद्गुण रहित लड़की का पिता।

Question 10.
Why did the old woman pretend not to know them ?
बूढ़ी औरत ने उन्हें न पहचानने का नाटक क्यों किया ? (2011)
Answer:
According to the woman the king and his companion had become too proud of their wealth and learning. Hence she pretended not to know them in order to bring them down to earth.

बूढ़ी औरत के अनुसार, राजा तथा उसके साथी को अपनी दौलत तथा जोत का दम्भ हो गया था। इसलिए उन्हें जमीन पर लाने के लिए उसने उन्हें न पहचानने का नाटक किया।

B. Answer the following questions in three or four sentences each.
निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों का तीन या चार वाक्यों में उत्तर दीजिए।।

Question 1.
King Bhoj was a learned man. On what basis would you support this statement ? (2009, 10)
राजा भोज विद्वान व्यक्ति थे। इस वाक्य की पुष्टि आप किस आधार पर करेंगे ?
Answer:
He was well versed in sculpture, architecture, science and engineering. Apart from these he was well-versed in astrology, music as well as theatre. He also used to delve deep into the highest questions of ethics and philosophy.

वे मूर्तिकला, वास्तुकला, विज्ञान, यान्त्रिकी, ज्योतिष, विज्ञान, संगीत तथा नाट्यकला के प्रकाण्ड पण्डित थे। वे नीतिशास्त्र तथा दर्शनशास्त्र के प्रश्नों में गहरे उतर जाते थे।

Question 2.
Why in your opinion did the old woman describe wealth and youth as guests? (2014)
आपके विचार से बूढ़ी औरत ने दौलत और यौवन को अतिथि क्यों कहा?
Answer:
Guests come and stay for a short time. They don’t come to stay permanently. Both youth and wealth do not stay with a person permanently. They come and depart after some time. Hence, the old woman described them as guests.

अतिथि कुछ समय के लिए आते हैं, हमेशा के लिए नहीं। दौलत और यौवन दोनों ही किसी व्यक्ति के साथ हमेशा नहीं रहते। वे आते हैं और कुछ समय बाद चले जाते हैं। इसलिए बूढ़ी औरत ने उन्हें अतिथि कहा।

Question 3.
“Only the soul and the leaf ofatree can be Pardesi.” Justily the statement in your own words.
“केवल आत्मा और पेड़ की पत्ती ही परदेसी हैं।” इस कथन का अपने शब्दों में समर्थन कीजिए।
Answer:
The soul of a person enters his body at the time of his birth and leaves it at the time of his death. Similarly, the leaf of a tree sprouts on its branch, stays on for some time and then falls on the ground. It also stays on the tree for some time. Hence, both of them, the soul and the leaf can be treated as Pardesi.

किसी व्यक्ति की आत्मा उसके शरीर में उसके जन्म के समय प्रवेश करती है तथा उसकी मृत्यु के समय वापस जाकर समष्टि में समा जाती है। इसी प्रकार पेड़ की पत्ती उसकी शाखा पर उगती है, कुछ समय साथ रहने के बाद जमीन पर गिर जाती है। अत: दोनों को परदेसी कहा जा सकता है।

Question 4.
The old woman wanted to teach the king and his scholar a lesson. Did she succeed ? Explain.
बूढ़ी औरत राजा तथा उसके साथी को सबक सिखाना चाहती थी। क्या वह सफल हुई ? समझाओ।
Answer:
The king and his scholar companion were very learned men. They had become proud of their learning. The old woman wanted to teach them a lesson and hence went on asking them searching questions as well as counter their answers. In the end they realised their mistake and the old woman succeeded in bringing them down to earth.

राजा तथा उसका साथी विद्वान व्यक्ति थे। उन्हें अपने ज्ञान पर घमण्ड था। बूढ़ी औरत उन्हें सबक सिखाना चाहती थी और इसीलिए प्रत्युत्तर में उनसे खोजपूर्ण प्रश्न पूछती जा रही थी तथा उनके उत्तरों का प्रतिकार भी करती जा रही थी। अन्त में उन्हें अपने गलती का अहसास हुआ और बूढ़ी औरत उन्हें जमीन पर लाने में सफल हो गयी।

Question 5.
How did the king and the scholar feel at the end of the story? राजा तथा विद्वान को कहानी के अन्त में कैसा लग रहा था ?
Answer:
The old woman caught them on the wrong foot when they asked her where the road went. Hence she started asking them searching questions as well as ridiculing their answers. With this approach of hers, they slowly became desperate and at the end threw up their hands in despair

जब राजा तथा विद्वान ने बूढी औरत से पूछा कि रास्ता कहाँ जाता है तो बूढ़ी औरत को मौका मिल गया उनके ज्ञानी होने का घमण्ड चूर-चूर करने का तथा उसने बेतुके प्रश्न पूछना तथा उनके द्वारा दिए गए उत्तरों का मजाक बनाना और उन्हें गलत साबित करना शुरू कर दिया। इस तरह वे धीरे-धीरे हताश हो गए और अन्त में निराश होकर उन्होंने हथियार डाल दिये।

Question 6.
Why did the woman decide to bring the king and the scholar to earth ?
बूढ़ी औरत ने राजा तथा विद्वान को जमीन पर लाने का निश्चय क्यों किया ?
Ans.
From their behaviour the old woman concluded that they had become proud of their wealth and learning. This wasn’t good for them, particularly for the king because that would have harmed the interests of the people of his kingdom. So she decided to teach them a lesson and bring them down to their senses.

उनके व्यवहार से बूढ़ी औरत ने निष्कर्ष निकाला कि उन्हें अपनी दौलत तथा अपने ज्ञान का घमण्ड हो गया है। यह उनके लिए, खासतौर से राजा के लिए अच्छा नहीं था क्योंकि इससे उसके राज्य के लोगों की हानि होती। इसलिए उसने उन्हें सबक सिखाने का निश्चय किया।

Language Practice

इस खण्ड के मूल प्रश्न व तालिकाएँ अपनी पाठ्य-पुस्तक में से देखिए। यहाँ केवल उनके उत्तर दिए जा रहे हैं।]

B. Read the passage and underline the articles a/an and the.
अनुच्छेद को पढ़कर a/an और the को रेखांकित कीजिए।।
Answer:
My friend is an architect. After graduation she took up a job with a multinational company. The job takes her all over the country. It is extremely interesting. At the moment, she is looking for a new job
because the travelling is getting very tiresome.

C. Insert a/an or the in the blank spaces.
la/an or the से खाली स्थान भरो।
Answer:

1. an
2. the
3. a, a, the, the
4. a
5. a, the, an, the
6. a
7. a
8. a
9. a
10. the.

D. Identify the following as normally countable [C] or uncountable
[U]. Add at least five more items to each type.
Countable या uncountable पहचानो। प्रत्येक प्रकार के पाँच और जोड़ो।]
Answer:

E. Fill in the blanks with correct determiners given :
Determiners से रिक्त स्थान भरो।।
Answer:

1. a
2. some
3. the, the
4. one
5. some
6. some
7. the
8. a, a, an
9. some
10. a, the.

F. Insert ‘some’ or ‘any’ where required .
“some’ और ‘any’ उचित जगह भरो।
Answer:

1. some
2. any
3. any
4. some, any
5. some
6. any
7. any
8. some, any
9. some, any
10. some.

G Fill in the blanks with ‘much’ or ‘many’ as required.
I’much’ और ‘many’ से रिक्त स्थान भरो।।
Answer:

1. much
2. many
3. many
4. much
5. much
6. much
7. many
8. many.

The Limits of Knowledge Summary in Hindi

राजा भोज देवी सरस्वती के उपासक थे। उनका विश्वास ऐसे पाण्डित्य में नहीं था जो पुस्तकों में छुपा रहे, वे तो ऐसी विद्वता में विश्वास रखते थे जो मानवीय ज्ञान की सीमाओं को बढ़ाने के लिए निरन्तर संघर्षरत हो। उनके दरबार में सबसे अधिक सम्मान दिया जाता था पाण्डित्य को तथा उसको प्राप्त करने के लिए निरन्तर प्रयत्नशील व्यक्तियों को। वे स्वयं भाषा, व्याकरण, कविता, मूर्तिकला, वास्तुकला, ज्योतिष विज्ञान, संगीत, नाट्यकला तथा नीतिशास्त्र के महत्त्वपूर्ण प्रश्नों तथा दर्शनशास्त्र के प्रकाण्ड पण्डित थे। एक दिन वे पड़ोसी राज्य के एक अत्यन्त पढ़े-लिखे विद्वान के साथ ग्रामीण क्षेत्र में धूम रहे थे। घूमते समय वे दोनों साहित्यिक एवं दार्शनिक चर्चा में डूबे हुए थे। इसके कारण वे रास्ता भूल गये। एक ऐसे गाँव में आकर जहाँ एक बूढ़ी औरत अपने खेत की देखभाल कर रही थी, वे रुके और उससे पूछा,
“सम्मानीय माता जी, यह रास्ता कहाँ जाता है ?”
“यह रास्ता कहीं नहीं जाता, यह तो यहीं रहता है। केवल वे व्यक्ति जो इस पर चलते हैं वे कहीं जाते हैं। अतः मुझे बताओ कि तुम कौन हो ?”
“हम लोग यात्री है। उन्होंने उत्तर दिया।
वह बूढ़ी औरत मुस्कुराई। “यात्री तो मात्र दो हैं-सूर्य और चन्द्रमा। तुम मुझे सच-सच बताओ कि तुम कौन हो ?”
“बहन, हम लोग अतिथि है।” विद्वान पुरुष ने कहा।
“अतिथि तो मात्र दो हैं-एक धन और दूसरा यौवन। अब मुझे बताओ कि तुम इनमें से कौन हो ?” बूढ़ी औरत ने कहा।
“हम राजा हैं।” राजा भोज ने कहा।
“राजा तो मात्र दो हैं एक इन्द्र (देवताओं के राजा) और दूसरे यम (मृत्यु के देवता) अब मुझे बताओं कि तुम इनमें से कौन हो ?” बूढ़ी औरत ने पूछ।
अब राजा भोज तथा उनके साथी विस्मित थे। “हम…….. हम दोनों महान् योग्यता वाले व्यक्ति हैं।” उन्होंने कहा।
“महान् योग्यता वाले तो केवल दो हैं-एक पृथ्वी और दूसरी स्त्री, किन्तु तुम तो इनमें से नहीं दिखाई देते।
अब बोलो तुम कौन हो ?”
“बहन हम साधु हैं।” राजा भोज ने निराश होते हुए कहा।
“तुम मुझे साधु के समान तो दिखाई नहीं देते।” उस औरत ने असहमति से सिर हिलाते हुए कहा।
“फिर भी साधु तो केवल दो हैं।” उसने कहा, एक विनम्रता और दूसरा सन्तोष।” अब विद्वान व्यक्ति ने साहस बटोरा और कहा,” बहन, हम लोग परदेसी है।” किन्तु उस औरत को यह कुछ मंजूर नहीं था, “परदेसी तो तुम नहीं हो।” उसने कहा।
केवल आत्मा और पेड़ की पत्ती ही परदेसी हो सकती हैं। अब बताओ कि तुम कौन हो ?”
उस औरत के विस्मयकारी उत्तरों के सामने राजा और उनके विद्वान साथी को शब्द मिलना कठिन हो रहा था। ____ अब कुछ कहने की साथी विद्वान की बारी थी, ” बहन हम चतुर हैं।” उन्होंने कहा।
“इस संसार में चतुर तो केवल दो चीजें है अन्न और पानी। तुम इनमें से कौन हो?” बूढ़ी औरत ने जवाबी प्रहार किया।
इस पर राजा भोज और उनके विद्वान अतिथि ने कराहते हुए कहा, हम लोग हार गये।”
“इस संसार में केवल दो हारे हुए व्यक्ति हैं।” उस औरत ने कहा, “एक कर्ज के बोझ से दबा हुआ व्यक्ति और दूसरा सद्गुण रहित लड़की का पिता। तुम मुझे ईमानदारी से क्यों नहीं बताते कि तुम कौन हो ?”
निराश होकर अपने हाथ उठाते हुए राजा भोज तथा विद्वान व्यक्ति ने कहा, “हम क्या कहें बहन ? सच्चाई तो यह है कि हम कुछ नहीं जानते। तुम हो जो सब जानती हो।” __इन शब्दों पर उस बूढ़ी औरत के चेहरे पर मुस्कान बिखर गई और वह गम्भीर हो गई। उसने शान्त तथा सौम्य स्वर में कहा, “तुम दोनों को अपनी दौलत तथा ज्ञान का दम्भ हो गया था। मुझे शुरू से ही पता था कि तुम राजा भोज हो और यह तुम्हारे विन अतिथि। तुम्हें वापस पृथ्वी पर लाने का यह मेरा अपना तरीका था। इस रास्ते पर जाओ।” उसने इशारा किया, “यह वापस घर जाने का मार्ग है।”
राजा भोज और उनके विद्वान अतिथि उस बढ़ी औरत के समाने नतमस्तक हो गये जिसने उनकी कमियाँ उजागर करके उनकी आँखें खोल दी थीं। घर वापस जाते समय उनके पास सोचने को बहुत कुछ था। – शारदा बेल

The Limits of Knowledge Word Meanings of Difficult Words

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MP Board Class 11th English The Spectrum Solutions Chapter 1 True Worship

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True Worship Textual Questions and Answers

Word Power

A. Find out the correct meanings of the underlined words from the alternatives given :

दिए गए विकल्पों में से रेखांकित शब्दों का सही अर्थ चुनो।।
1. First fill your heart with the fragrance of love.
b. pleasing smell

2. Go not to the temple to light candles before the altar of God.
a. a holy table

3. First learn to bow in humility.
a. the quality of being humble

4. Go not to the temple to ask for forgiveness for your sins.
b. impiety A Pick the odd one out:
Answer:

1. wholesome
2. God
3. request
4. issues.

Comprehension

A. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.
[निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों का एक या दो वाक्यों में उत्तर दीजिए।

Question 1.
What does the poet want us to do before putting flowers upon the feet of God? (2014)
ईश्वर के चरणों में पुष्प अर्पित करने से पहले कवि हमसे क्या चाहता है ?
Answer:
He wants us to fill our house with the fragrance of love.
वो चाहता है कि हम उससे पहले अपने घर को प्यार की सुगन्ध से परिपूरित कर (भर) लें।

Question 2.
What should we remove from our hearts first? (2009, 12, 13)
पहले हमें अपने हृदय से क्या दूर करना चाहिए ?
Answer:
We should remove the darkness of sin from our hearts.
हमें अपने हृदय से पापरूपी अन्धकार को दूर करना चाहिए।

Question 3.
What should we learn before bowing our heads in prayer ?
हमें प्रार्थना में अपने सिर झुकाने से पहले क्या सीखना चाहिए ?
Answer:
We should learn to bow in humility before bowing our heads in prayer.
हमें विनम्रता से झुकना सीखना चाहिए।

Question 4.
What should we do before asking God for forgiveness for our own sins ? (2009, 16)
ईश्वर से अपने पापों की क्षमा माँगने से पहले हमें क्या करना चाहिए ?
Answer:
We should forgive people who have sinned against us before asking God to forgive our sins.
ईश्वर से क्षमा माँगने से पहले हमें अपने साथ दुराचार करने वाले व्यक्यिों को माफ करना चाहिए।

B. Answer the following questions in two to four sentences each.
[निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दो से चार वाक्यों में दीजिए।

Question 1.
What does the poet mean by ‘darkness’ in our hearts? How can removing this darkness help us in the eyes of God ?
कवि का हमारे हृदय से ‘अन्धकार’ से क्या आशय है ? इसे दूर करने से ईश्वर के सामने हमें क्या मदद मिलेगी ?
Answer:
By ‘darkness’ in our hearts the poet refers to the sins committed by us. Getting rid of our sins will make the ritual of placing lighted candles before the altar acceptable to him.
हृदय में ‘अन्धकार’ से कवि का आशय हमारे द्वारा किये गये पापों से है। अपने पापों से छटकारा पा लेने से वेदी के सामने दीप जलाने का कर्मकाण्ड उसे अधिक स्वीकार्य होगा।

Question 2.
Who are the ‘down-trodden’? What can we do to lift them up ? (2009, 15)
‘दलित’ कौन होते हैं ? उन्हें उठाने के लिए हम क्या कर सकते है।
Answer:
Down-trodden are those people who are treated so badly by rich and powerful people that they no longer have the energy to fight back. We can lift them up by giving them support, love, care and giving them their due.
दलित हमारे समाज के धनी तथा ताकतवरों द्वारा सताए गए लोग होते है जिनमें संघर्ष करने की शक्ति नहीं होती। उन्हें उठाने के लिए हमें उनकी चिन्ता करनी चाहिए, उन्हें सम्बल प्रदान करना चाहिए और उनकी मदद करनी चाहिए।

Question 3.
Why is it necessary to forgive others before asking for forgiveness?
अपने लिए क्षमा माँगने से पहले दूसरों को क्षमा करना क्यों आवश्यक है?
Answer:
It is necessary because God will forgive you only when you will forgive the fellow human beings who have done bad deeds against you.
क्योंकि जब तक तुम अपने साथ बुरा करने वालों को क्षमा नहीं करोगे तब तक ईश्वर भी तुम्हें क्षमा नहीं करेंगे।

Question 4.
What should we do before asking God for forgiveness for our own sins ?
ईश्वर से अपने पापों की क्षमा माँगने से पहले हमें क्या करना चाहिए ?
Answer:
We should forgive people who have harmed us by their bad deeds. This will earn us the right to ask for forgiveness from God.
हमें उन लोगों को क्षमा करना चाहिए जिन्होंने हमारे साथ बुरा किया है। इसमें हमें ईश्वर से माफी मांगने का हक मिल जाएगा।

True Worship Hindi Translation

मन्दिर में ईश्वर के चरणों में पुष्पांजली अर्पित करने मत जाओ,
पहले अपने घर को प्यार की सुगन्ध से भर लो।
मन्दिर में ईश्वर की वेदी के सन्मुख दीप जलाने मत जाओ,
पहले अपने अन्दर के पापरूपी अन्धकार को दूर कर लो।
मन्दिर में प्रार्थना में अपना सीस नवाने मत जाओ,
पहले अपने साथी मनुष्यों के सन्मुख विनम्रता से झुकमा सीखो।
मन्दिरों में घुटने मोड़कर प्रार्थना करने मत जाओ,
पहले किसी पददलित इन्सान को झुककर उठाना सीखो।
मन्दिर में अपने पापों के लिए क्षमा-याचना करने मत जाओ,
पहले हृदय से उसको क्षमा करो जिसने तुम्हारे साथ दुराचार किया हो।  -रविन्द्रनाथ टैगोर

True Worship Word Meanings of Difficult Words

True Worship Summary in Hindi

यह कविता हमें उपासना का सही मार्ग दिखाती है। वास्तविक प्रार्थना उपासक द्वारा कर्मकाण्ड का अन्धानुकरण मात्र नहीं है, वह तो ईश्वर द्वारा वांछित कर्म के निष्पादन में निहित है। ईश्वर के चरणों में पुष्प अर्पित करना मात्र कर्मकाण्ड है-यह ईश्वर को तभी स्वीकार्य होता है जब उपासक अपने हृदय को मानव प्रेम की मधुर सुगन्ध से परिपूरित कर लेता है। जब तक उपासक अपने हृदय से पाप रूपी अन्धकार को निकाल नहीं देता तब तक ईश्वर के सम्मुख दीप प्रज्जवलित करना उसे स्वीकार्य नहीं होता। जो व्यक्ति दूसरे इन्सानों को अपने से तुच्छ समझता हो उसके लिए ईश्वर के हृदय में कोई स्थान नहीं होता। ईश्वर के सामने सीस झुकाने से पूर्व मनुष्य का अहंकार से छुटकारा पाना आवश्यक है। जो इन्सान धनी एवं प्रभावशाली व्यक्तियों द्वारा उत्पीड़ित हैं उन्हें आपके सम्बल, आपके प्यार तथा आपके संरक्षण की आवश्यकता है। पहले उनके प्रति अपनी जिम्मेदारी का निर्वहन करो फिर ईश्वर के सामने नतमस्तक होकर उसकी उपासना का मधुर स्वाद प्राप्त करने का प्रयत्न करो। पहले उन इन्सानों को क्षमादान दो जिन्होंने तुम्हारे साथ दुष्कर्म किये हों, तुम्हें सताया हो, फिर ईश्वर से अपने पापों के लिए क्षमादान की प्रार्थना करो तो ईश्वर तुम्हें क्षमा करेगा।

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MP Board Class 11th English A Voyage Workbook Solutions Unit 1 Sounds in English

Gather chapter wise MP Board Solutions for 11th English Study Material to score the highest marks in the final exam. Various chapters and subtopics are given clearly in MP Board Class 11th English Solutions Unit 1 Sounds in English Questions and Answers Material. All the MP Board Solutions for 11th English Questions with detailed answers are provided by subject experts. The step by step MP Board Class 11th English Unit 1 Sounds in English Questions and Answers guide will help you to enhance your skills in English subject and A Voyage Workbook Solutions. Here, along with the subject knowledge, A Voyage Workbook Solutions knowledge also plays an important role. So, students should download MP Board Solutions 11th English and read it to attempt all the questions with 100% confidence.

1.1 Sounds in English

See Workbook Page-2

Exercises

A. The vowel sounds in English

See Workbook Page-2

Question 1.
Listen and repeat the following words in pairs.

Answer:
For self attempt

Question 2.
Listen and repeat the following words in triplets and pairs.

Answer:
For self attempt

Question 3.
Listen and repeat the given words in pairs.

Answer:
For self attempt

Question 4.
Listen and repeat the following words in pairs:

Answer:
For self attempt

B. The Consonant Sounds.

See Workbook Page-3

Exercises

Question 1.
Listen and repeat the following words in pairs:

Answer:
For self attempt

Question 2.
Given below are words which have different sounds. Listen carefully and repeat them.

Answer:
For self attempt

Question 3.
Repeat the following more than once. These are tongue twisters that will help you in making your pronunciation better.
1. Red lorry, yellow lorry, red lorry, yellow lorry
2. Mr. Smith’s fish sauce shop
3. Shy Shelly says she shall sew sheets.
4. Fat frogs flying past fast
5. Which-witch wished which wicked wish?

6. Swim, Swam, Swin!
Swan swam back again
Well swum, swan.

7. Once one was a race horse
two-two was one, too.
When one-one won one race
Two-Two won one too.

8. Betty Botter bought some butter.
But the butter was too bitter.
So Betty Botter bought some better butter
To make the bitter butter better.
Answer:
For self attempt

Reductions :

See Workbook Page-6

Exercises

Question 1.
Now read the following sentences aloud as instructed.
A- Which one you want? This one?
(pronounce ‘do’ reduced)
B : No.
A- Well, Which one you want?
(Pronounce ‘do’ strong)
B : one (Pronounce ‘that’ strong)
A : Which one?
B- The one I’m pointing to?
(Pronounce ‘that’ strong)
C- Why don’t you try rm stop? (reduced ‘to’)
D- I’ve tried rm (strong ‘to’)
E- I’m surprised find driving so difficult.
(reduced ‘you’)
F- Well, how did stop? (strong ‘you’)
When structure words begin with “h” e.g. her, his, him etc. the initial “h” often disappears.
Answer:
For self attempt

Question 2.
Practice saying the following without pronouncing “h”

1. Did ( )e go?
2. Give (f)im the pen.
3. Is (h)e there?
4. Leave (f)er alone.
5. When did (f)e go there?
6. Who did (f)e talk to?
7. Have you talked to (f)im yet?
8. Did you ask (f)im?
9. “What did (f)e say?
10. Did you ask (f)im who (f)e was with?

Answer:
For self attempt

Question 3.
Read aloud and learn these rhyming proverbs.

Haste makes waste.
Love many, trust few always paddle your own canoe.
If you snooze you lose.
A stitch in time saves nine.
Two in distress make trouble less.
Birds of a feather flock together.
Finders, keepers; losers, weepers.
Early to bed, early to rise makes a person healthy, wealthy and wise.
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
Trouble comes double.
A friend in words and not in deeds is like a garden full of weeds.
When money talks nobody walks.
When the cat’s away the mice will play
No pain no gain
Answer:
For self attempt

1.2 Word Stress

See Workbook Page-9

Exercises

Point out the number of syllables in the following words.
Take the help of a dictionary.

1. register – three
2. degree – two
3. vitamin – three
4. attempt – three
5. exercise – four
6. sudden – two
7. vocabulary – five
8. twelfth – three
9. gypsy – three
10. universal – three
11. exchange – three
12. bottle – two
13. collective – four
14. ask – two

Stress in words

See Workbook Page-9

Exercises

Question 1.
Look up a dictionary and mark the stress and pronounce the words aloud.
airport, ship wreck, selfish, appointment, economy, economical, beginning, aimless, exposure, introduce, introduction, celebrate development, beautiful, answer, careless, remember, credit, realize, realization, reply, waiting, lazy, laziness, perhaps.
Answer:
For self attempt

Question 2.
Mark the stress and pronounce the following words as nouns/ adjectives with accent on the first able and as verb with accent on the second syllable.

1. absent – accent
2. addict – conduct
3. content – contract
4. convict – decrease
5. desert – export
6. frequent – increase
7. perfect – present
8. record – import

Answer:
For self attempt

1.3 Intonation

See Workbook Pages-11-13

Exercises

Question 1.
Try and say the following utterances in a falling tone:

1. ‘Sit ‘down.
2. ‘Thanks.
3. ‘Tell him a ‘story.
4. ‘Do it ‘now.
5. It’s ‘nine.
6. ‘What are you ‘doing?
7. ’She is ’beautiful.

Answer:
For self attempt

Question 2.
Try and say the following utterances in a rising tone :

1. ’What is his, name?
2. Good, morning.
3. ‘Are you, going?
4. ’When shall we, meet?
5. ‘Go and, do it.
6. ‘Will you answer the call?

Answer:
For self attempt

Question 3.
Listen carefully and mark each sentence with correct stress and intonation.

1. Don’t ask foolish questions.
2. What a marvelous idea!
3. Where are you going?
4. It’s impossible.
5. You must learn how to do it.
6. Place it on the table.
7. Wasn’t that gracious of him?
8. How extraordinary!
9. Take it back.
10. He is wearing a cap.

Answer:
For self attempt

Question 4.
Listen carefully and mark each sentence with correct stress and intonation.

1. Good morning.
2. You are a scientist, aren’t you?
3. Is he present?
4. I can buy you the gift (if I get the money)
5. Put it on the desk.
6. Where can we meet?
7. Don’t disturb the child.
8. How old are you?
9. It was my mistake.
10. Pass the salt please!

Answer:
For self attempt

Question 5.
Listen carefully and mark with correct stress and intonation. (Combined tones.)

1. I think it’s quite clear, on the whole.
2. Will you be staying there for long?
3. What he meant by it, I can’t imagine.
4. He was right nevertheless.
5. I’d buy a new one, if I could afford it.

Answer:
For self attempt

Question 6.
Try to say these sentences in a falling rising tone.

1. You are slow (though I understand your point of view).
2. It’d be better to try (even if you don’t succeed).
3. I would love to go (If I can get the permission).
4. It is very short (we like tall shapes).
5. I like playing (but I don’t get the occasion).
6. I love knitting, (but I can’t sew).

Answer:
For self attempt

Verb with Prepositions

See Workbook Page-23-24

Exercises

(a) Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions:

1. You must concentrate on your studies.
2. The teacher said. “Boys, listen to me”
3. I was marveled at his sense of humour.
4. The hakim cured him of his disease.
5. The workers are protesting against the cut in their wages.
6. I am waiting for your reply.
7. She invited me to dinner.
8. Don’t compare me with my brother.
9. Refrain him from taking any rash action.
10. We take pride of our heritage.

(b) Fill in the blanks in this story :

Shravan is an orphan who came to Delhi from his village in Bihar in search of work. His father kept a shop, but was tricked of it by a deceitful uncle. Despair drove him to alcohol and gambling, and he died of a stroke soon after.

Shravan worked in a tea shop in his village for a while. He moved for the more lucrative environs in Delhi, where his elder brother Gopal had preceded him. Following a brief spell of unemployment and a short shell as an assistant in a car park, he joined a tea shop.

c) Put an appropriate preposition after the verb in each sentence.
Then use your own ideas to complete each sentence. One is done for you.

1. I broke her glasses and she made me pay
2. I am excited because I am going to play
3. He was not paying attention and crashed
4. I have to stay home tonight and prepare
5. All the furniture in the room belongs
6. Whether or not we go out depends
7. There was so much noise that I could not concentrate rm
8. In my opinion, an ideal breakfast consists of
9. It was an awful hotel and we complained
10. We only had one sandwich, so it was divided

Above provided complete MP Board Solutions 11th English Study guide is useful for making your preparation effective. Students can frequently visit our page to get the latest updates on other subjects study materials.