MP Board Class 10th Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 Important Events of the Post Independent India

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MP Board Class 10th Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 Important Events of the Post Independent India

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Text Book Exercise

Objective Type Questions

Question 1.
Multiple Choice Questions:
(Choose the correct answer from the following)

Question (a)
War between India and China was fought on?
(a) 11th July, 1962
(b) 20th October, 1962
(c) 20th August, 1964
(d) 11th July, 1965.
Answer:
(b) 20th October, 1962

Question (b)
The reason of war of 1965 between India and Pakistan was?
(a) The area of Rann of Kutchab
(b) Azad Kashmir
(c) Jaisalmer of Rajasthan
(d) Bengal.
Answer:
(a) The area of Rann of Kutchab

Question (c)
Lacs of refugees came to India from?
(a) Sri Lanka
(b) Bangladesh
(c) Pakistan
(d) China.
Answer:
(b) Bangladesh

Fill in the blanks:

1. Special status has been given to the State of Jammu and Kashmir under Article ……………………. of the Constitution of India.
2. The war between China and Japan started in the year ……………………….
3. After the Indo – Pak war of 1971 …………………….. country was formed.
4. National Emergency has been declared (in India) ……………………. times so far.

Answer:

1. 370
2. 1937
3. Bangladesh
4. four.

Question 3.
Match the columns:

Answer:

1. (e)
2. (d)
3. (b)
4. (a)
5. (c)

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the missiles prepared by India?
Answer:
Prithvi, Trishul, Naage, Akash, Agni.

Question 2.
For the solution of Kashmir problem, team of which five countries was constituted by the Security Council of the United Nations Organisation?
Answer:
Czechoslovakia, Argentina, America, Columbia and Belgium.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write why government of India asked Pakistan to stop/ block the entry of Kabailies? (MP Board 2012)
Answer:
The Prime Minister of India Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru assured that the people of Kashmir will decide through plebiscite, with whom (India or Pakistan) they want to merge. After the war is over and peace is resorted in Kashmir. In the beginning, Pakistan didn’t make any official statement with regard to Kahsmir therefore Government of India requested to stop the Kabailies from infiltrating.

When it was event that Pakistan Government itself is helping the Kabailies, then on the advice of Lord Mountbatten, the Governor General Government of India lodged a complaint in the Security Council that the Kabailies, with the help of Pakistan has attacked Kashmir, which is a part of India. This has posed a danger to the international peace and security

Question 2.
What were the effects of Indo – China war?
Or
Write the effect of Indo – China war? (MP Board 2009, 2011)
Or
Write any four consequences of Indo – China war? (MP Board 2009, 2010)
Answer:
Short Term and Long – term Effects of Indo – China War:

1. The relations between the two countries strained.
2. A large area of the Indian Territory went in the hands of China.
3. India’s international image and Non – aligned policy were harmed.
4. In the foreign policy of India Realism was considered better than idealism.
5. There was improvement in the Indo – American relations.

Question 3.
What were the conditions laid down for the Tashkant Agreement?
Or
Write the conditions of Tashkant Agreement? (MP Board 2009, 2011)
Or
Write the main conditions laid down for the Tashkand Agreement? (MP Board 2009)
Answer:
Important conditions of this agreement were as follows:

1. Both the countries agreed to build harmonious relations like good neighbours.
2. Both parties agreed to call back their armies and restore the positions as it was before 5th August, 1965. Both the parties will abide by the conditions of cease – fire.
3. Both parties agreed to abstain from interfering in the internal matter of each other, discourage publicity against each other and restore diplomatic relations.

Besides, it was also agreed that relations between both the countries in the field of economic, commercial and cultural sectors shall be made cordial.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why China declared one – sided cease – fire (end of war) in the Indo – China war? (MP Board 2011, 2013)
Answer:
The differences between India and China cropped up on the ‘Tibet Issue’. India was ready to accept the right of China over Tibet but wanted that a sovereign Government be set up there. Ignoring India’s wishes China started Army action in Tibet on 25 October, 1950. India opposed this action of China. In March 1958, opposition started in Tibet against China. The revolutionaries had the support of Dalai Lama.

When China tried to supress the movement by Tibetans Dalai Lama had to leave Tibet. India allowed Dalai Lama to stay in India, as a result of which cold war started between the two – countries; with this China started raising the border issue. India again tried to normalize relations on the basis of Panchsheel principles.

The Prime Ministers of India and China had a meeting in Delhi to sort out the border issue. Thereafter a series of meeting were held between the two countries but China attacked the NEFA area (Eastern Sector of Indo – China border) in September 1962. The Afro – Asian countries offered certain suggestions in the Colombo conference in December 1962 in respect of the Indo-China War. India agreed to these suggestions principally.

Question 2.
What is Kashmir Problem? Describe in detail? (MP Board 2009, 2010)
Answer:
The Kashmir problem is the most complex problem between India and Pakistan. After independence two new nations emerged and other native states were given the liberty to merge either with India or Pakistan or remain independent. Most states merged with either India or Pakistan.

Kashmir, situated on the North West border of India is between the borders of both the countries viz. India and Pakistan. The king of Jammu and Kashmir decided to retain the independent status of his state. Raja Hari Singh thought that if he accedes to Pakistan it will be an injustice to the Hindu population of Jammu and Baudh population of Ladakh and if it merges with India it will be an injustice to the Muslim population of Kashmir.

Jawaharlal Nehru wanted to honour his commitment for plebiscite but Pakistan, violating the conditions laid down by the United Nations Organisation, did not remove its troops from the occupied territory (So called Azad Kashmir). The Kabailies also continued living there. Therefore, it was possible to conduct plebiscite. Pakistan did not want to withdraw from Kashmir, rather it staked its claim over Kashmir which was under the control of India.

On 6th February, 1954 the Kashmir Assembly passed a resolution to merge the state of Jammu and Kashmir in the Indian Union. Government of India made an amendment in the Constitution on 14th May and accorded special status to Jammu and Kashmir under Article 370 of the Constitution.

On 26th January, 1957 the Constitution of Jammu – Kashmir was amended and the state became an integral part of Indian Union. After this Pakistan constantly tried to raise Kashmir problem and create instability there. Pakistan raised the issue in the Security Council and put forth the demand for plebiscite.

America, Britain and France supported Pakistan’s stand but India opposed it. Soviet Russia, friend of India opposed it by using its special power of ‘Veto’ and set at a naught to the issue. In 1962, Pakistan again raised the issue but Soviet Union again used its special right of Veto. All the Governments which came in power in Pakistan tried to keep this issue alive, where as for India it a question of self – respect.

Question 3.
Write the effects of Indo – Pak war of 1965?
Or
Write the consequence of Indo – Pak war of 1965? (MP Board 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013)
Answer:
To prevent the infiltrators for Pakistan, war opened between the two countries on 25th August, 1965. Pakistan army could attack and took possession of Akhnoor area. Pak Airforce also launched an aerial attack on Amritsar. Therefore to suppress the Pakistan army India attacked the Punjab area of Pakistan from three sides and the Indian * forces headed toward Lahore. This was such an undeclared war where both the armies fought on the eastern borders.

Cease – fire:
With the intervention of United Nations Organisations there was cease fire on 23 September, 1965. At the time of cease fire Indian Army had captured about 740 kilometres area of Pakistan and about 240 square kilometre are of India was in possession of Pakistan.
In 1965 War India won; following were the effects of this war:

1. Pakistan wanted to solve Kashmir issue by wars but could not succeed.
2. Pakistan believed that the Muslim, population of Kashmir will side with Pakistan but such thing did not happen. India proved that the base of secularism in the country is strong.
3. The moral of the people of India and Indian Army was very high and Indian Army fought with indigenous weapons.
4. The role of the United Nation’s in the Indo – Pak war was important. The United Nation’s succeeded in its efforts to restore peace because America and Russia both extended their valuable support to the United Nations.
5. For Pakistan this war proved fatal; the defeat in the war proved that the army dictatorship has not been effective.

Project Work

Question 1.
Write in chronological order the wars between India and Pakistan?
Answer:
1965, 1967, 1971, 1998.

Question 2.
Please collect the pictures and informations about soldiers who laid their lives for the Nation (Martyrs) in the Indo – China and Indo – Pak wars, with the help of your teacher and colleagues?
Answer:
Do yourself with the help of your teacher.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Additional Important Questions

Objective Type Questions

Question 1.
Multiple Choice Questions:
(Choose the correct answer from the following)

Question (a)
The first Indo – China war took place in the year of?
(a) 1960
(b) 1962
(c) 1966
(d) 1971.
Answer:
(b) 1962

Question (b)
Article 370 is related to?
(a) Pakistan
(b) India
(c) Kashmir
(d) Baluchistan.
Answer:
(c) Kashmir

Question (c)
Name the Indian Prime Minister during the agreement of Tashkant?
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru
(b) Lai Bahadur Shastri
(c) Smt. Indira Gandhi
(d) Moraji Desai.
Answer:
(b) Lai Bahadur Shastri

Question (d)
Emergency was declared in India on?
(a) 25th June, 1975
(b) 25th June, 1972
(c) 30th June, 1977
(b) 30th June, 1978
Answer:
(a) 25th June, 1975

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:

1. General Niyagi surrendered before the Indian General ……………………….
2. ………………. was the father of Indian Atomic Energy Programme.
3. …………………. was formed as the Nuclear Proliferation Ban Treaty in 1985.
4. Pokhran Atomic test was conducted in ………………………

Answer:

1. Jagjit Singh
2. Homi Jahangir Bhabha
3. NPT
4. 11 May, 1998.

Question 3.
True and False type questions:

1. The formation of Bangladesh was result due to the Indo – Pak war of 1998.
2. Japan – China war began in the year of 1960.
3. The President of Awami League was Muziburrahman.
4. The 1971 Indo – Pak war was continued for 14 days.

Answer:

1. False
2. False
3. True
4. True

Question 4.
Match the Column:

Answer:

1. (d)
2. (a)
3. (b)
4. (c)

Answer in One – Two Words or One Sentence

Question 1.
In which year, the Delhi conference of Tanchsheel’was held? How many nations did attend it?
Answer:
The Delhi conference of ‘Panchsheel’ was held on April 10, 1955. Fourteen nations attended it.

Question 2.
When did China attack India?
Answer:
China attacked India in 1962.

Question 3.
When did Indira Gandhi conclude a peaceful nuclear test in Pokham?
Answer:
In 1977.

Question 4.
Expand P.T.B.T.?
Answer:
Partial Moscow Atomic Test Ban Treaty.

Question 5.
Expand NPBT?
Answer:
Nuclear Proliferation Ban Treaty.

Question 6.
Expand C.T.B.T?
Answer:
Comprehensive Atomic Test Ban Treaty.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
By whom and for whom the term ‘Panchsheel’ was propagated firstly?
Answer:
The term ‘Panchsheel’ was firstly used by Mahatma Buddha. It was a word which laid stress on the purity of the behaviour of individuals.

Question 2.
Name the pioneers of Indian Atomic Programme?
Answer:
The Atomic Energy and Research Programmes related .with it have been carried out under the able guidance of eminent scientists of India like. Dr. Homi Bhabha, Dr. Vikram Sahabhai, Raja Ramanna and A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Azad.

Question 3.
How many countries have already conducted nuclear tests?
Answer:
Prior to this five countries viz, America, Soviet Russia, Britain, France and China had already conducted nuclear tests. Now India also became nuclear country of the Nuclear tests of 1998.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What were the main principles of ‘Panchsheel’?
Answer:

1. All the nations respect the sovereignty and the territorial integrity of each other.
2. No nation would invade each other and would avoid trespassing in any country.
3. No nation would interfere in the internal matters, i.e., economic and political policies of any other nation.
4. Each nation would behave with the other nations on the basis of equal status.
5. All the nations would believe in the principles of peaceful co – existence.

Question 2.
How many organisations were set up to ban atomic weapons?
Answer:
Three organisations have been set up at the international level to check proliferation of atomic weapons. Partial Moscow Atomic Test Ban Treaty (P.T.B.T.) 1963, Nuclear Proliferation Ban Treaty (N.P.B.T.) 1985, and Comprehensive Atomic Test Ban Treaty (C.T.B.T.) 1996, India has always been for an International Organisation which will be extensive, universal and objective but India found that the above proposals appeared to be discriminatory and therefore, has not signed them.

Question 3.
Write any four causes responsible for defeat of Pakistan in Indo – Pak War of 1971? (MP Board. 2009)
Or
What were the main causes of Pakishtan’s defeat in War of 1971 between India and Pakistan? (MP Board 2009.)
Answer:
Following were the main reasons of defect of Pakistan:

1. From point of view of Army strength it was week.
2. Pakistan’s moral side was weak.
3. Pakistan had adopted a discrimination policy against East Pakistan which resulted into a mass struggle.
4. Due to great distance between Eest and West Pakistan, the Pak – Army could not easily reach.

Question 4.
Exaplain the principles of Indian Atomic Policy? (MP Board 2009)
Answer:
The Atomic Policy of India can be understood in the context of the basic principles of its foreign policy. The three fundamental principles of the foreign policy of India are national security, economic development and world situation. Besides these, India believes in peaceful coexistence, friendly relations with all nations, international peace and cordial relations. The aim of security and development of the country, and also to see that a sense of mutual cooperation, understanding and peace prevail in the world.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Long Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the stages of development of Indian Nuclear Programme?
Answer:
The Atomic policy of India has been influenced by it social and economic base. Right after the acheivment of independence India has been making efforts in the direction of putting to use the atomic energy for peaceful purposes. Atomic Energy Act 1948 and Atomic Energy Commission were the pioneering steps in this direction.

The technological advancement in the direction of atomic energy development was made with the setting up of Tata Institute 1945, and Bhabha Atomic Energy Centre 1957. In the year 1956 Apsara Research Reactor was set up and in the year 196j9 the Trarpur Atomic Energy Centre was established; this was the first centre for commercial use.

Other atomic energy centres set up in India are at Tarapur (Maharashtra), Kota (Rajasthan), Kalpakam (Tamilnadu), Narora (Uttar Pradesh), Kakrapar (Gujarat) and Kaiga. India had achieved the technology of atomic energy development. Taking out atomic fuel, to separate it and convert it into Uranium, making fuel out of its, production of heavy water, manufacture reactor, development of all the processes of the fuel and waste management, in all these processes India had achieved competence.

Atomic energy is a boon when put to peaceful purposes. Atomic energy is being put to us in the sectors of agriculture, treatment, – industry etc., Atomic explosions are made use of for construction of canals, dams and mines. In 1977 Indira Gandhi conducted a peaceful nuclear test in Pokharan (Rajasthan). This test was not carried out with the intention of obtaining weapons.

Between 1977 to 1980 India was firm on its policy of not making atomic weapon. In her second term she adopted the policy of wait and watch. In this reference, the ‘Integrated guided missile programme’ is most important. The eminent scientist A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (former Presiderft of India) was made the Chairman of this programme.

Under the programme, the missiles India made are: Prithvi, Trishul, Naage, Akash and Agni, Brahmoss. On 11th May, 1998 India conducted three continuous tests underground in Pokhran. Two of them were underground and low intensity and one temperature nuclear explosion.

Question 2.
Write the consequeunces of 1971 Indo – Pak War? (MP Board 2009)
Or
Write important effects of 1971 Indo – Pak War? (MP Board 2009, 2013)
Or
Describe the important effects of 1971 Indo – Pak war?
Answer:
Important effects of 1971 Indo – Pak war were as follows:

1. Bangladesh was formed.

2. A reduction in the area, population and strength of Pakistan.

3. The defeat after the 1965 and 1971 war had a demoralising effect on Pakistan.

4. India could understand the America is no longer a well wisher of Pakistan, and India intensified its friendly relations with Russia.

5. This war was also an indirect set – back for America and China who have sympathies for Pakistan.

6. At the time of the Indo – Pak war all the political parties set aside their mutual differences and the problem of Bangladesh Liberation became a national issue.

7. It had a great impact on the internal politics of Pakistan; People wanted Yahya Khan to resign. Demonstrations were held in Pakistan because of the defeat. Yahya Khan had to resign and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto came in to power who got many problems along with the powers.

8. The divided public opinion, divided mind set and divided leadership all were unfortunate for the country. Bangladesh came into being as a sequel to the Indo – Pak wav of 1971. When people of East Bengal revolted against the Pakistani rule, India’s sympathy was for the Bangla freedom fighters.

9. India strongly opposed the cruel suppression of these freedom fighter by the military dictator of Pakistan. Frightened by the genocide by Pakistan many refugees from East Bangal came to India. India arranged for their stay, food etc., and imparted training to the soldiers.

Question 3.
What are the main situations for emergency? When and why was it declared in India? (MP Board 2009, 2012)
Or
Discuss the emergency rule in India since independence?
Answer:
Emergency in India:
After independence India had to face many problems. Looking to the needs of such emergent conditions the founding fathers of constitution gave such powers to the Central Government that it can take effective measures in the time of emergency.

Certain emergency provisions have been made in the constitution of India so that it can use those powers to ensure that the security, integrity and unity of the country is not jeopardised; powers have been given to the President of India to declare emergency in the country under emergent conditions, (on the advice of the Prime Minister). Normally these are three situation under which emergency can be declared:

1. National emergency
2. Failure of constitutional machinery in the state.
3. Financial emergency.

National Emergency:
The President of India is satisfied that such conditions prevail in the country; that the security of the whole country or a part of these of is in danger; Failure of Constitutional Machinery: When the President is satisfied on the basis of the Report of the Governor of a state or through any other source that is not possible to run the state as per the constitutional provisions; It is commonly known as President’s Rule.

Financial Emergency:
If the President is satisfied that, there is financial crises, there is implemented financial emergency. Some of the main emergency in India were:

1. National emergence was declared in India thrice, so far; During Chinese aggression from 26th October, 1962 to 10th January, 1968.
2. Pakistan aggression from 3rd December, 1971 to 21st March, 1977.
3. Emergency was declared on 25th June, 1975 due to internal disturbances.
4. Failure of constitutional machinery in a particular state such emergency (and President’s rule in that state) was declared many times in states.
5. Emergency was declared in 1998 during Kargil war in May.

The fundamental rights of citizens are affected when emergency is declared. It also, affects the autonomy and freedom to the states. The powers of the Central Government increase. The Center acquires the right to prepare in Law in a subject subjects incorporated in the State list. The Center gives directions to the states. On the basis of the report of the Governor, the President declares such emergency. Many times such decision (President’s Rule in a state) has become cause of controversy.