Bhagya

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MP Board Class 11th English A Voyage Solutions Chapter 23 The Bishop’s Candlesticks (Norman Mckinnel)

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The Bishop’s Candlesticks Textual Exercises

Word Power

(A) Bishop is an ordained member of the Christian clergy who, in most churches holds a position of authority. Arrange the following in order of their authority:
Parson
Cardinal
Chaplain
Prelate
Pope
Arch Bishop

Answer:

• Pope
• Arch Bishop
• Cardinal
• Parson
• Prelate
• Chaplain

(B) Fill in the blanks choosing from those given below:
earnestly, incredulously, scoundrel, convict, benefactor.

1. The ……………. had been wronged by the society.
2. The Bishop ……………. desired to help the poor.
3. The convict shook his head ……………. at the Bishop’s kind behaviour.
4. Persome considered the convict a …………….
5. The Bishop ultimately proved to be the convict’s
Answer:

1. convict
2. earnestly
3. incredulously
4. scoundrel
5. benefactor.

(C) Study the text to locate the antonyms of the given words: easy, human, open, reluctance, distress
Answer:

• easy – restless
• Human – beast
• Open – shut
• Reluctance – earnestness
• Distress – comfort

(D) Make sentences using the following words: estate, chatter, glare, track, convent
Answer:

• Estate – He was inherited a big estate from his father.
• Chatter – Do not chatter in class.
• Glare – The face of the priest glares with his virtues.
• Track -I always make an effort to follow a track of truth.
• Convent – Mother Teresa was a member of a convent.

Comprehension

Answer the following questions in 150 words each:

Question 1.
What role do the candlesticks play in the lives of the Bishop and the convict?
Answer:
Candlesticks play the most prominent role in the whole of the story especially in the lives of the Bishop and the convict. As the title of the play applies the candlestick belongs to the Bishop who got it from his dying mother. The mother had asked him to keep them in the remembrance of her. Bishop therefore had a great attachment with the candlestick.

He loves it more than his life and doesn’t want to part from it. He has generously donated all his belongings one by one for the welfare of someone or the other. But he is not reluctant to give the candlesticks to anyone. These candlesticks become also a turning point in the life of the convict who tempted to see them. He steals them when Bishop goes to sleep. The convict thinks that these candlesticks can change his life. He is so much tempted to them that he doesn’t even care for the hospitality and the teachings of the Bishop. He runs away taking them.

Incidentally he is caught by the police and again brought to the Bishop for identification. The Bishop recognises the candlesticks but says that he himself had given them to the convict. It brings a great change in the convict’s life. Thus, the candlesticks are equally important for the Bishop and the convict.

Question 2.
The convict says to the Bishop, “I was a man. Now I am not a man”. Why and how?
Answer:
The convict incidentally enters the house of the Bishop. He appears to be very restless. He had been running away from the police. He thought that the Bishop’s house was the safest place to hide. The Bishop thinks him to be just and ordinary man. He has no intention to hand him to the police. The convict is completely fed up with his life. He thinks himself to be dead. He says to the Bishop that once he was a man but now he is just number 15729 which he was given in the prison and had been called so for the last ten years. Before that he had a little cottage surrounded by vines growing on it. He, had a wife.

Once she was ill and they had no food. He was workless. His wife was dying. He stole for the first time to feed her. He was caught. None of his pleas was considered and he was put in jail for ten years. During those ten years he was in hell treated very badly even worse than beast. The hellish treatment ruined his life. He was chained like a wild animal and lashed like a hound. He was fed on filth and covered with vermins. There was no one to listen to his complain. So he says to them, that he was a man once but now, he was only a beast.

Question 3.
In the end the convict says, “You have made me feel that it is just as if something had come into me – as if I were a man again and not a wild beast.” What does it mean and how did this change come in the convict.
Answer:
The convict in the play ‘The Bishop and the Candle stick’ is a man who comes in the house of the Bishop. He had been in jail for ten years for no fault. As he says to the Bishop that he had a family but no job. His wife was ill and dying with starvation. He stole for the first time to feed his dying wife. But he was caught . None of his pleas was taken to notice and he was put in jail. He was treated like a beast in every sense of the term. However when he was released after a long hellish life by that time he was nothing more than a beast. The Bishop gives him shelter and treats him with sympathy.

He asks him to forget the past and to live a good life. But the convict is so fed up that he ignores Bishop’s preachings. He has no love for humanity. So he steals Bishop’s candlesticks. But he is caught. When the police come to the Bishop for recognition of the candlestick the Bishop says to them that the convict was his friend and he himself has given these candlesticks to him.This virtue of the Bishop transforms the convict’s mind. He realizes his mistake and admits that the Bishop had created something new in the convict’s life.

Question 4.
Discuss the character of the Bishop in the light of the following points:
(a) His family
(b) His love for the poor and the suffering.
(c) His charitable behaviour-an example of ‘charity begins at home’.
(d) His faith in rousing the goodness in a man.
(e) Overall assessment.
Answer:
Bishop is the most prominent character in the play ‘The Bishop’s Candlesticks’. The dramatist through his character conveys a high moral lesson to the reader. Bishop is a man of simple living. He lives with his only sister Persome. He has great affection for the poor and the suffering. He helps them in all his capacity. He is highly charitable. He has donated all his belongings to the poor. He never thinks for himself and for his family. His sister doesn’t like his charitable nature because he has donated everything to the needy. Even the last item the salt cellar is also donated to a person who needs to pay rents.

The last item in the house is a candlestick. Persome tells him that he would certainly give it to someone one day. But the Bishop promise to keep it forever in the memory of his mother. A convict comes in his house. He doesn’t hesitate to provide him with all comfort and care against the wish of Persome. Later he comes to know the convict’s story. But he allows him to remain in the house.

He preaches him also. The Bishop is not ready to take the convict to be a real criminal. Pie only thinks him to be a human being. Even when the convict runs away with the Bishop’s candlestick, and the police brings him for recognition he says that the convict is his friend. On the whole we can conclude that Bishop is really a god fearing highly religious man.

Question 5.
What is the massage conveyed by the play?
Answer:
‘The Bishop’s Candlesticks’ is an one-act play with a Christian story, Its main focus is on the transfonnation of a man through realisation. The Bishop is the main character who represents a true devotee of the Almighty God. He appears to be a real Christian character who has all faith in God. He helps mankind in all his capacity. He gives all his belongings to help the needy and the poor. He thinks that a thing which a just a show-piece in his house can feed a poor man. So, why should it not be given to him? In this way heioses his big estate and all his household items.

His realistic character at its height when we see the convict-episode. A convict gets shelter in his house. His sister Persome opposes his stay but the Bishop doesn’t take him to be a criminal. He thinks the criminal is just a human being and there is no harm in allowing him to stay with them. The convict does not conceal anything about himself. He has no feeling nor trust for God or for humanity. So he steals, the Bishop’s candlesticks and runs away. Incidentally he is caught by the police. He is brought to the Bishop for recognition of the candlesticks as they bear the name of the Bishop. The Bishop tells the police that the convict was his friend and the Bishop had

himself given the candlesticks to him. It makes the convict feel and realize the power of godly existence. He, completely transformed. The Bishop’s preaching work well and prove that no one is born criminal. Situation makes one so and if treated with compassion arid sympathy one can be put on the right path.

Question 6.
Suppose you are convict. Narrate the story of your life, based on the play, in first person.
Answer:
I am a convict. I had been under the 10 years imprisonment. I was convicted for none of serious crime. I had a family. I had no job. I was penniless. Suddenly my wife got ill seriously, she was ill of starvation. She was dying. I had nothing to feed her. For the first time I stole to feed her. But I was caught. Nobody considered or even listened to my pleas. I was put in jail where I was treated nothing more than a beast. I was chained like a wild beast. I was lashed like a hound. I fed on filth. It was nothing more than a hell. However, I got released after such a long spell of hellish life. But outside again there was starvation. By chance I saw a Bishop’s house. I thought it to be the safest place to live out of police’s sight.

I entered the house and terrorised the Bishop. Bishop was a nice gentleman. He didn’t react in any way. Though his sister was not only ready to let hie stay even for a second. But the Bishop allowed me to stay there. He tried for influence me in various ways. In his view I could be changed and turned to be a good man. As I had suffered such a lot that I couldn’t believe him. I didn’t even care for his hospitality. I stole his candlesticks. But I was caught by the police. The police took me to the Bishop. The Bishop was really a great soul. He told the police that I was his friend and he himself had given the candlesticks to me. I was released. It touched my soul and then I realized the existence of God. He had made me a man again. Now I am completely a changed man.

Question 7.
“There is so much suffering in the world and I can do so little”. What would you like to do to reduce suffering of mankind?
Answer:
This world is a wonderful creation of God. All through the life a man faces many ups and downs. It is said that we learn better from our sufferings. There are different kinds of sufferings that we face. It may be poor living condition, lack of resources, ailments, etc. Everyday, in our life we come across rag pickers, beggars in many forms. Those rag-pickers or beggars have no shelter or any other facility for their living. They can hardly live a life nothing better than a beast or animal.

We are pained to see them. They are sufferers and we too. Still there a hope which can change the whole scenario if we take it seriously.Sometimes I feel great pain to see them and I think to do something for them. First of all I’ll establish a charity home to provide food and shelter to the destitutes. I’ll also start a school for them. I’ll try to raise fund for them through charity shows. I’ll also get cooperation from the government.

Question 8.
“You have suffered much but there is hope for all.” Do you agree?
Answer:
This world is a wonderful creation of God. All through the life a man faces many ups and downs. It is said that we learn better from our sufferings. There are different kinds of sufferings that we face. It may be poor living condition, lack of resources, ailments, etc. Everyday, in our life we come across rag pickers, beggars in many forms. Those rag-pickers or beggars have no shelter or any other facility for their living. They can hardly live a life nothing better than a beast or animal.

Question 9.
“This poor is the Temple of the Living God”. Do you feel the presence of God inside you? How and when?
Answer:
The question of existence of God is very critical because till how no one has given any perfect answer to it. Right from the beginning there has been controversies over it. On the one hand while the old saints or religious books confirm the existence of God, while on the other hand scientists do not believe in it. It is because science believes in the thing which can be seen. But God has never been seen. .Still we can’t deny the saying that this poor body is the temple of the living god. There are some facts behind it. Sometimes we feel wouder if we think over the whole creature. But it is still a mystery why the dies and why he takes birth. Similarly, the blooming of flowers, greenery of plants, evolution of a man are some of the facts that which are beyond our understanding. Similarly, whenever we are in distress automatically we gain confidence if we go to a temple. So I feel there is God or some super-power that controls the whole creation.

Speaking Activity :

Make 5 groups of 2 students each and make theft speak the dialogues exchanged between the Bishop and the convict. One student should enact the Bishop and the Convict’s role should be enacted by another student.
Answer:
Attempt yourself.

Writing Activities

Write a paragraph in about 100 words on each of the following:

Question 1.
Criminals are not born but circumstances make them.
Answer:
Our society is a complex phenomenon. Different types of people enjoy their life in their own way. Some of them follow the norms of society which some other do not observe them. Those who do not observe and follow a set pattern of social life are called anti-social. They are also called criminals. They commit crimes. Crimes are those activities which are against laws.

In fact the persons who make attempts to commit crimes are the same as others living a normal life. Normally we see that criminals are misguided or diverted persons who are either put into those activities or circumstances make them so. There are several instances of it. Prominent examples can be given from the life of Phoolan Devi who turned to be a dacoit due to the ill-treatment of the society, of the upper classes. Later, when she was mobilized, she surrendered and also became a Member of Parliament. Hence, we can’t deny the role of circumstances in the making of a criminal.

Question 2.
At an appropriate moment a man is capable of undergoing change of heart.
Answer:
Our society is a complex phenomenon. Different types of people enjoy their life in their own way. Some of them follow the norms of society which some other do not observe them. Those who do not observe and follow a set pattern of social life are called anti-social. They are also called criminals. They commit crimes. Crimes are those activities which are against laws.

Question 3.
Memorable dramatic characters have a lasting impact upon the audience.
Answer:
Life is a long journey. In it we perform different roles. So, life is said to be, drama in which we all are actors. Life is a stage. Sometimes it happens that we feel much impressed with a character performing a particular role in a drama. There are various factors that make us impressed with a character. The first thing is the powerful performance of the character. Then there is the story which appears to be identical to our life. The realistic touches, delivery of dialogues are some of the other factors that put its lasting impression upon the audience.

Question 4.
Charity begins at home.
Answer:
‘Charity begins at home’ is a well-known old proverb. It signifies the generous character of a human being. Sometimes it is seen that a saintly character is so much generous that he doesn’t care for his family and his life. Man has been bestowed with many responsibilities. To bear those responsibilities is his prime concern. Negligence to any of these not good. It doesn’t mean that ope should not be generous. Instead one should first be generous foremens family and then to others. The fulfillment of the need of the family should be given priority. Otherwise it is a crime. One may be very popular in society with his generosity, nobility, kindness, caring etc. But if one doesn’t think for his liabilities, one cannot be admiral because he has ignored his prime concern. Even God will not praise him. So, it is true that charity begins at home.

Things to Do

Try to read the following three one-act plays, possessing a similar theme emphasizing the importance of kindness
(a) ‘Brother Wolf by L. Hausman’.
(b) ‘The Only Legend’ by Johh Drinkwater,
(c) ‘In Safety’ by Margaret Macnamara
Ans.
Do yourself.

The Bishop’s Candlesticks Summary in English

The play opens with the kitchen of the Bishop’s cottage. The kitchen is plainly but substantially furnished. As the play starts and curtain rises the audience find Persome and Marie in the kitchen Persome, the Bishop’s widowed sister is arguing with Marie, kitchen-maid of the house. It is 11 o’clock at night. The Bishop has gone out to attend upon Marie’s sick mother. Persome is very much worried about the whereabouts of her brother who is overstraining himself for the sake of die poor and needy. Marie tells her that the Bishop has sold his silver salt-cellars to help a poor woman pay her rent.

Persome gets angry on hearing this and begins to cry. Just then Bishop enters the cottage.He tells Mane, the maid to run home as her mother is feeling better. He is gives her his muffler as it is very cold outside. He prays for her and her mother. Marie leaves the cottage with gratitude. Persome gets angry with her brother for giving away all that he has. She remarks that one day he will also sell his candlesticks to help some needy. The Bishop says that he would like to keep diem because they were given to him by his dying mother.

The Bishop also laments that there in so much suffering in the world and be can ! do so little. Persome goes away to sleep and the Bishop sits down to read a book. Then there enters a convict with an open knife in his band. He is a convict who has run away from prison. He catches the Bishop from behind and demands food. The Bishop greets him with a tree smile. He feels true sympathy for him. He serves the convict with food and drink. When the convict has his fill, he starts telling the Bishop the story of his woe and suffering. He says that once he stole to buy food for his wife who had been starving to death. But he was arrested and in prisoned. The night he was sentenced his wife died. The prison life was a life of hell. His sufferings made him a hardened criminal. One day they forget to chain him up, so he escaped and starved till that day. They were searching for him everywhere.

The Bishop consoles the convict. He advised him to take rest for some time. He makes for him a bed to lay down. The Bishop leaves the room leaving the convict all alone. His eyes catch the sight of silver candlesticks on the mantelpiece. He thinks of stealing them away to lead a new better life for some time. There is a struggle in his mind. He does feel for the Bishop who has been so kind to him but then he hardens himself. He hides the candlesticks in his coat and runs off cautiously.

As the convict moves out Persome wakes up and hears the noise of slamming the door and raises alarm. She comes running and finds that the convict has run away with the candlesticks. She calls the Bishop and asked the Bishop to inform the police but the Bishop does not want. He consoles himself and says: ‘He has more need of them than I. He refuses to take any action against the convict. He can’t think of sending him back in jail to suffer any more.

Just then a sergeant enters the cottage with three policemen with convict and stolen candlesticks. He tells the Bishop that they found him slinking suspiciously. On searching him, the candlesticks fell out of his pockets. As he remembered the candlesticks of the Bishop, he brought him here. He asks the Bishop if those are his candlesticks. The Bishop tells the sergeant that the man is his very good friend, and he has himself given him the candlesticks. At this the sergeant frees the convict and goes away with his men.

This last stroke of sympathetic behaviour of the Bishop shakes the convict to boot. He begs pardon of the Bishop and feels sorry for what he has done. It brings tears in his eyes. He seeks die Bishop’s permission to go to Paris and to start noble life there. When he turns to go die Bishop gives him the candlesticks. He also tells him of a lonely path through the forest by which he can escape. The convict stands with his head, bowed before the Bishop. The Bishop puts his hand lovingly on his shoulder. The Bishop asks him to remember that the poor body is die Temple of the Living God. After the convict walks out, the Bishop goes down on his knees in prayer.

The Bishop’s Candlesticks Summary in Hindi

नाटक का प्रारंभ बिशप के घर में रसोईघर के दृश्य से होता है। रसोईघर बहुत सामान्य किन्तु व्यवस्थित है। जैसे ही नाटक प्रारम्भ होता है और पर्दा उठता है दर्शक परसम तथा मैरी को एक पादरी के कॉटेज की रसोई में पाते हैं। परसम पादरी की विधवा बहन है जो घरेलू नौकरानी मैरी से तर्क कर रही है। रात के 11 बजे हैं। विशप मैरी की बीमार माँ को देखने बाहर गए हुए हैं। परसम अपने भाई के प्रति काफी चिन्तित है, जो स्वयं को गरीब तथा जरूरतमंदों के लिए अधिक थका रहे हैं। मैरी उसे बताती है कि विशप ने अपने चाँदी के नमकदान बेच दिए हैं ताकि वृद्ध महिला का किराया चुकाया जा सके। परसम यह सुनकर बहुत क्रोधित हो जाती है तथा चीखने लगती है। तभी बिशप कॉटेज में प्रवेश करते हैं।

वह मैरी को बताते हैं कि अब वह घर चली जाए क्योंकि उसकी माँ अब अच्छा अनुभव कर रही है। वह उसे अपना ऊनी मफलर भी दे देते हैं क्योंकि बाहर काफी सर्दी है। वह उसके तथा उसकी माँ के लिए प्रभु से प्रार्थना भी करते हैं। मैरी आभार सहित कॉटेज से चली जाती है। परसम आने भाई पर बहुत क्रोधित होती है क्योंकि वह अपनी प्रत्येक वस्तु किसी न किसी को दे रहा है। वह कहती है कि एक दिन वह अपनी मोमबत्ती दान भी बेच देगा ताकि किसी जरूरतमंद की सहायता की जा सके। विशप उस पर कहते हैं कि वह उन्हें सहेजकर रखना चाहते हैं क्योंकि वे उनकी माँ ने मरते समय उसे दिए थे। विशप यह भी कहता है कि दुनिया में बहुत संकट है और इन संकटों से मुक्ति के लिए कुछ करना चाहते हैं।

परसम सोने चली जाती है और बिशप पुस्तक पढ्ने बैठ जाते हैं। तभी एक अपराधी जिसके हाथ में एक लम्बा चाकू है, कमरे में चोरी के उद्देश्य से प्रवेश करता है। वह एक अपराधी है जो जेल से भागा हुआ है। वह बिशप को पीछे से पकड़ता है और खाना माँगता है। विशप उसका मुस्कान से स्वागत करता है। उसे उसके लिए सच्ची संवेदना अनुभव होती है। वह अपराधी को भोजन तथा शराब प्रदान करता है। जब अपराधी पेट भरकर खा चुकता है, तब वह अपनी दुःख भरी कथा बिशप को सुनाना प्रारंभ करता है। वह कहता है कि एक बार उसने अपनी भूख से मरती पत्नी के लिए भोजन चुराया था। उसे वहाँ पकड़ लिया गया और जेल भेज दिया गया। जिस दिन उसे सजा सुनाई गई, उसकी पत्नी मर गई थी। जेल का जीवन उसके लिए नरक का जीवन था। उसके दुखों ने उसे एक दुर्दात अपराधी बना दिया था। एक दिन वे उसे हथकड़ियाँ तथा बेड़ियाँ पहनाना भूल गए थे, इसलिए वह भाग निकला और आज तक भूखा फिर रहा है। वे उसे हर जगह तलाश कर रहे हैं।

विशप अपराधी को सांत्वना देता है। वह उसे कुछ देर आराम करने की सलाह देता है। वह उसके लेटने के लिए बिस्तर लगाता है। बिशप अपराधी को कमरे में अकेला छोड़ कर चला जाता है। अपराधी की नजरें अंगीठी पर पड़े मोमबत्तीदान पर पड़ती हैं। वह उन्हेंचुराने की सोचता है ताकि कुछ समय के लिए वह नया जीवन जी सके। उसके मस्तिष्क में संघर्ष चलता है। वह बिशप के लिए अनुभव करता है कि विशप उसके प्रति काफी दयालु रहा है, किन्तु तब वह अपने आपको कठोर बना लेता है। वह अपने कोट में मोमबत्तीदान छुपा लेता है और सावधानी से चला जाता है।

जैसे ही अपराधी बाहर जाता है, परसम जाग जाती है और दरवाजा बन्द होने का शोर सुनकर चिल्ला उठती है। वह बाहर भागते हुए आती है और पाती है कि अपराधी मोमबत्ती-दानों के साथ भाग गया है। वह बिशप को पुकारती है और कहती है कि वह पुलिस को सूचित करे किन्तु बिशप ऐसा नहीं चाहता। शीघ्र ही वह अपने आपको दिलासा देता है ! उसकी आवश्यकता मेरी आवश्यकता से अधिक होगी। किन्तु वह अपराधी के प्रति कोई कार्यवाही करने से इंकार कर देता है। वह अपराधी को और अधिक कष्ट उठाने के लिए पुनः जेल नहीं भेजना चाहता।

तभी सार्जेन्र कॉटेज में तीन पुलिस वालों और अपराधी के साथ प्रवेश करता है जिसके पास चुराए गए मोमबत्तीदान हैं वह बिशप से कहता है कि उसने उस (चोर को) सन्देहास्पद स्थिति में पकड़ा है। उसकी तलाश लेने पर मोमबत्तीदान उसकी जेब से गिर पड़ा वह उन मोमबत्तीदान के बारे में बिशप से पूछता है। विशप पादरी की बताता है कि यह व्यक्ति उसका घनिष्ठ मित्र है, और उसने स्वयं ही ये मोमबत्तीदान उसे दिए हैं। इस पर सार्जेन्ट अपराधी को छोड़ देता है और अपने सिपाहियों के साथ वापिस चला जाता है। बिशप के सहानुभूतिपूर्ण व्यवहार का यह अन्तिम झटका अपराधी को झकझोरकर रख देता है। वह विशप से आज्ञा माँगता है और अपने किए पर खेद प्रकट करता है।

उसकी आंखों में आंसू आ जाते हैं वह पेरिस जाने के लिए विशप से आज्ञा माँगता है ताकि वहाँ पर नई जिंदगी शुरू कर सके। जब वह जाने के लिए मुड़ता है, तो विशप उसे मोमबत्तीदान भी दे देता है। वह उसे एक सुनसान रास्ता भी बताता है जो जंगल से होकर गुजरता है और उसके लिए सुरक्षित है। अपराधी अपना सिर नीचे किए बिशप के सामने झुका खड़ा रहता है। बिशप अपना हाथ स्नेहपूर्वक उसके कंधे पर रखता है और उसे याद रखने के लिए कहता है कि यह शरीर सजीव ईश्वर का मंदिर है। जैसे ही अपराधी चला जाता है. बिशप अपने घुटनों के बल बैठकर प्रार्थना करने लगते हैं।

The Bishop’s Candlesticks Word Meanings

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MP Board Class 11th English A Voyage Solutions Chapter 22 A Pair of Mustachios (Mulk Raj Anand)

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A Pair of Mustachios Textual Exercises

Word Power

(A) Fill in the blanks with the words given below:
(descent, surly, conventions, vandalism, malicious, amenable, memento, mortgage, imposter, headlong)

1. Young boys enjoy flouting …………. these days.
2. I have applied to the bank for a …………. on my house.
3. I bought a statuette as a …………. on my trip to Khajuraho.
4. He spread …………. gossip against me.
5. Every man in that locality is proud of his royal …………..
6. Look at that man. He is not a real constable. He is a …………..
7. The boy is …………. He won’t listen to any body’s advice.
8. She was very…………..to my idea of leaving the house.
9. The man glanced me with a …………. look. I did not like it.
10. The boy died in the hospital due to the doctor’s negligence. The next day it became the target of irate crowd’s ………….
Answer:

1. conventions
2. mortgage
3. memento
4. malicious
5. descent
6. imposter
7. head strong
8. amenable
9. surly
10. vandalism

Satire is a literary work, in verse or prose, in which the author redicules some human folly or vice. The essence of satire is revelation of the contrast between reality and presence. Satire involves three elements-attack, laughter and morality. In satire, humour and irony are clearly perceptible elements.

(B) Assess the story as a modern satire.
Answer:
The story of ‘A Pair of Mustachios’ is a perfect satire. Mulk Raj Anand, a novelist of the common man, has observed the society of India with a keen eye. He, in his novels and stories has presented the real India. There are the people of so varied sentiments in our society that it often becomes very troublesome to deal with all of them in an equal manner. People nourish their pride and prejudice in their own way.

Someone wears false predicament status and lineage. With the change of time, society has changed a lot. People are not the same as they had been. The families of zamindars, feudals, rajas and the so-called high class of people are not in the same position as their ancestors had enjoyed. Some people have changed themselves with the changing time. Still there are some who live with their false notion and pose to maintain the same status and wish the people should treat them as the society had treated with their ancestors.

Comprehension

(A) Answer the following questions in 4 or 5 sentences each:

Question 1.
What kinds of mustachios has the author described? Name the classes of people who can wear them.
Answer:
The author had described different kinds of mustachios worn in our country. There are Chinese, American and English type of mustachios. There are also lion mustache, tiger mustache, goat mustache, sheep mustache, Charlie Chaplin and Curzon-cut mustache. These types symbolize the people who wear them. For example-lion mustache is for rajas and maharajas and nawabs, tiger mustache is for the feudal gentry, goat mustache for business – class, Chaplin – cut for lower middle class and Curzon -cut sahibs and barristers.

Question 2.
What did the village people say about Khan Azam Khan’s descent?
Answer:
Khan Azan Khan, living in a old dilapidated Mughal style house, claims himself to be a descendant from an ancient Afghan family. The villagers like landlords, moneylenders say that Khan was an imposter and all his talk about his blue blood was merely the bluff of the rascal. Some others like priests of the temple consider that Khan’s ancestors were certainly attached to the court of the great Mughals but only as mental workers.

Question 3.
Describe in brief, Khan Azam Khan’s financial condition?
Answer:
Khan Azam Khan lived in ah old dilapidated Mughal style house.
He had only a few remnants of a gold brocaded waist-coat. He had lost all his land. His financial position was very poor. He had a few ornaments which he used to pawn to maintain his household.

Question 4.
Why did Khan Azam Khan accept the value the grocer put on his wife’s nose-ring?
Answer:
Azam Khan accepted the value what the grocer put on his wife’s nose-ring because Khan’s concern to the lowering of grocer’s mustache became prominent. He agreed to accept any value to see grocer’s mustache down.

Question 5.
What did the grocer say when Azam Khan told him to bring the other tip of his mustache down?
Answer:
The grocer was a very clever person. In order to satisfy Azam Khan he lowered the tip of his mustache. After the deal was finalized Azam Khan saw it was only the tip of one side lowered. So he asked the grocer to lower down the other side of his mustache also down. The grocer said whenever he (Azam Khan) would come for another deal, he (the grocer) would lower down the other tip also.

Question 6.
On what condition was the grocer ready to bring both the tips of his mustache down?
Answer:
Azan Khan was adamant to see the both the tips of grocer’s mustache down. The grocer tried to bring Khan to his senses. But Khan was in no mood to compromise. Then the grocer said that he wouldn’t do even if Khan pawned all the jewellery, he possessed to him.

Question 7.
Why did the villagers laugh when Azan Khan walked away?
Answer:
At Least Khan was ready to lose all his remaining worldly possessions, his pots and pans, his clothes, even his houses – just to see the ‘ grocer’s mustache down. Now the grocer was ready to lower down his mustache by accepting the deal. Khan lost everything whatever he had.When he walked away saying ‘My father was a Sultan’, the villagers laughed at his foolishness and false notion.

(B) Answer the following questions in about 150 words:

Question 1.
“Khan Azam Khan’s pride was greatly in excess of his present possessions”. Explain.
Answer:
Khan Azam Khan is a typical character who represents a man living with his ruined pride. He lives in an old dilapidates Mughal style house. He claims himself to be a descendent from an ancient Afghan family whose heads were nobleman and councillors in the court of the great Mughals. He wears a tiger-mustache and remains adorned with faded remnants gold- brocaded waist-coat. He hasn’t even a patch of land left. The village people have different opinion about Khan.

The landlord of the village and the moneylender don’t approve of Khan’s claims. For them Khan is bluffing the people. The priest thinks that Khan’s family was attached to great Mughals not as courtiers but as menial workers. Whatever the fact was one thing appears to be a fact that they were jealous of Khan’s pride. He obviously loves his stately ruins and his old privileges. He takes all care to protect his pride and every sacred brick of his tottering house.

But in the changed situation Khan’s pride is greatly in excess of his present possessions. He has lost everything-land and jewellery. Still he wants people to honour him as a descent of a great family. He goes to the moneylender to pawn his wife’s nose-ring. But more than that he shows his concern to see file moneylender’s mustache down. This deal makes him lose all what he has. But he is happy that he has brought moneylender down to his position. It was just a false notion of a foolish man who fails to change himself with the time.

Question 2.
Write a character sketch of Ramanand, the grocer.
Answer:
Seth Ramanand is an important character of the story. He is the grocer and moneylender of the village. He is a veteran businessman. He has been doing well out of the recent fall on the price of wheat by buying of whole crop cheap from the hard-pressed regions and then selling them at higher prices. This has raised his position and so he has given a twist in the style of his Mustache. The whole of the village is obliged to Ramanand either because they owe him interest a loan or an installment on a mortgage of jewellery or land. He treats them all very tactfully. He deals with Azam Khan very respectfully.

He also wants to satisfy him in all the way only because he has to do a business with him. He even tolerates Khan’s idiotic behaviour till last. But when it is too much he even then does not lose his temper. To solve the problem amicably he puts a condition. Khan loses all his remaining possessions. Seth Ramanand gains a lot out of the foolishness of Khan. Seth Ramanand knows all the tricks of business. He has patience, nobility, ability, submission and maturity. He deals every situation very wisely. He is a perfect businessman who knows to change his colour with every customer.

Question 3.
Justify Khan Azam Khan’s action. Give reason for your opinion.
Answer:
Khan Azam Khan represents feudal mentality for him everyman is not equal. Khan thinks that a grocer has no right to wear a tiger-mustache which is the symbol of feudalism. Persons like Seth Ramanand have no
right to wear such mustache. They are only entitled to a goat-mustache. As Ramanand has flourished a business, he gives a twist to his mustache in such a way that it is semi-tiger-mustache. Nobody takes notice of it because the whole of die village people is obliged to Seth Ramanand.

But for Azam Khan it is unbearable. Without realizing Seth’s obligations he asks way, but Khan is furious. It makes him lose all his remaining possessions. But he is satisfied at his dealing. It is in no way appreciating. It is just a foolish notion and pride which make him do that. Every man should team to adjust with the changing time. If one fails to do so he is sure to face adverse situation and fate as Azam Khan has met with.

A Pair of Mustachios Summary in English

‘A Pair of Mustachios’ is a thought-provoking story told in a humorous way by Mulk Raj Anand. It focuses on false motives of people to which they attach themselves to appease their false sentiments. The story can be understood in two parts. In the first part the story teller tells about the types of mustachios popular in our country. In the second part the writer tells us a person’s false notions about his decency.

As the writer says there are various kinds of mustachios worn in our country. Someone wear Chinese type, someone American and someone English. Someone keeps it in a convenient way, someone in a fashionable way. Whatever the type be one thing is certain that it symbolises one’s pride and prejudice. The lion mustache symbolises one’s pride of Maharaja type sentiment. Man with such mustache always tries to pose himself to be Raja, Maharaja, Nawab or a great emperor.

The tiger type mustache symbolises the ranks of the feudal gentry who has nothing left but the pride in their neatness and a few mementos of past glories. Then there is goat mustache worn by commercial bourgeoisie and the shopkeeper class. Charlie Chaplin mustache is for lower middle class, clerks and professionals who are of compromising nature between the traditional full mustache and the class- shaven. Curzon-cut mustache is often worn by the sahibs and the barristers. Some other type like sheep mustache is worn by coolie and the lower order while the mouse mustache is worn by the peasants. It has often been seen that there is a tendency to prove oneself superior to others on the basis of the style of mustache.

The writer presents an interesting story in order to satirise the false notion of the people. There was a grocer-cum-moneylender said Ramanand in .the village. He was carrying brisk business. His goat mustache was a mark of his position. But his mustache was trimmed in such a fashion at the tips that they look nearly like a tiger mustache. Nobody seemed to mind it. One day Khan Azam Khan, middle-aged handsome and dignified person with a tiger mustache came to Seth Ramanand. Azam Khan always claimed himself to be a descent from an ancient Afghan family which handed noblemen and councillors in the court of the great Mughals. He had come to the Seth to pawn his wife’s gold nose ring. He noticed the upturning tendency of the hair of Ramanand’s goat mustache.

So first he asked Ramanand to turn his mustache down. After a little discussion the veteran Seth did as Khan wanted. Then the negotiation of the business was finalised. Seth Ramanand told Azam Khan that he had humbled himself because Khan was doing business with him. Otherwise he was not a mere worm. Khan was still not satisfied because he saw Seth had tricked him by lowering only one side of his mustache. Khan wanted the other side to be down also. It made moneylender impatient now. However he assumed Azam Khan to lower his other side also when he would come again. Then the Khan left his shop.

But Khan was not yet satisfied. He could not quell his pride, the pride of the generations of his ancestors who had worn the tiger mustache as a mark of a position. To see the symbol of his honour imitated by a grocer was too much for him. He went home and fetched a necklace which had down to his family through seven generations. He placed it before the grocer and asked him to bring the tip of his mustache down. The grocer replied that he would first do a business. Khan was ready to pawn the necklace of any price because his main concern was the tip of the grocer’s mustache. However the business was settled. But as Khan walked away he turned and saw the moneylender’s mustaches were upturned in the way as that of the Khan. Khan became furious. The grocer wanted to bring him to his senses.

But he was not ready to compromise. Khan wanted grocer’s mustache down. Then the moneylender was also adamant not to do so even. He said that he would not do so even if Khan pawned all the jewellery he possessed. Khan was ready to sacrifice all his possessions, positions, pots and pans, his clothes and even his house just to see grocer’s mustache down. The grocer was ready to accept the bargain. The landlord and some other persons also heard it and they were ready to stand with the grocer. Azam Khan lost everything just to appease his false feudal sentiments. Simply he uttered ‘my father was a Sultan’. Now he had become a pauper.

A Pair of Mustachios Summary in Hindi

‘A Pair of mustachios’ एक विचारोत्तेजक कहानी है जो मुल्कराज आनंद द्वारा विनोदप्रिय ढंग से कही गयी है। यह लोगों के भ्रमक विचारों को उजागर करती है, जिससे लोग अपने को सिर्फ झूठी भावना की तुष्टि के लिए जोड़ लेते हैं। कहानी को दो अलग-अलग भागों में समझा जा सकता है। पहले भाग में कहानी का अर्थ अपने देश में प्रचलित मूछों के प्रकार के बारे में बताता है। दूसरे भाग में लेखक लोगों के अपने वंश के प्रति भ्रामक लगाव के बारे में बताता है। लेखक के अनुसार हमारे देश में तरह-तरह की मूळं रखी जाती हैं। कोई चीनी, कोई अमेरिकी और कोई अंग्रेजी मूंछे रखता है।

कोई इसे सामान्य ढंग से रखता है, कोई फैशनेबल ढंग से। प्रकार चाहे जो भी हो, इतना निश्चित है कि यह किसी व्यक्ति के गौरव और धारणा का प्रतीक है। सिंह मूंछ किसी की महाराजा वाली भावना के गौरव का प्रतीक है। इस तरह के लोग अपने-अपने राजा-महाराजा, नवाब या महान शासक के हाव-भाव दिखाते हैं। बाघ जैसी मूंछ सामंती सैनिक वर्ग का प्रतीक है, जिसके पास और कुछ नहीं बचा है लेकिन उनकी महानता का गौरव और प्राचीन प्रतिष्ठा का कुछ नमूना शेष बचा है। उसके बाद बकरों जैसी मूंछे होती हैं जिसे व्यापारी वर्ग या दुकानदार रखते हैं। चार्ली चैपलिन जैसी मूछे निम्न मध्यम वर्ग के लड़के, और नौकरी-पेशा वाले रखते हैं, जो पारंपरिक और सफाचट दोनों के बीच सामंजस्य रखते हैं। कर्जन-कट मूंछ प्रायः साहिबों और वकीलों द्वारा रखी जाती है।

कुछ अन्य प्रकारों में भेड़ जैसी मूंछे कुलियों और निम्न वर्ग के लोगों द्वारा रखी जाती हैं जबकि चूहों जैसी मूंछे किसानों द्वारा रखी जाती हैं। प्राय: देखा जाता है कि मूछों के आधार पर लोगों में हमेशा अपने को दूसरे से ऊँचा दिखाने की प्रवृत्ति होती है। कहानीकार लोगों के भ्रामक विचारों को उजागर करते हुए एक व्यंग्यात्मक कहानी कहता है। उसके गांव में रमानंद नाम का बनिया साहूकार था। उसका व्यापार तेजी से चल रहा था। उसकी बकरे जैसी मूंछ उसी हैसियत का सूचक था। लेकिन उसकी मूंछ इस तरह ऐंठी हुई थी कि वह लगभग बाघ जैसी मूंछ लगती थी। किसी ने इस पर कोई ध्यान नहीं दिया। एक दिन अधेड़ उम्र के प्रतिष्ठित व्यक्ति खान आजम खान जिनकी बाध जैसी मूछे थीं, सेठ रामानंद के पास आए।

आजम खान हमेशा अपने को एक प्राचीन अफगान परिवार जो महान मुगलों के नवाबों और सलाहकारों का प्रधान हुआ करता था, का वंशज मानते थे। वह अपनी पत्नी की सोने की नथ (नाक में पहनने वाला जेवर) गिरवी रखने आए थे। उसने रामानंद के बकरे जैसी मूंछों के बाल को ऊपर की ओर मुड़ने की प्रवृत्ति देख ली। इसीलिए उसने पहले रामानंद को अपनी मूंछे नीचे करने को कहा। थोड़े विवाद के बाद चालाक सेठ ने वही किया जैसा खान चाहता था। फिर सौदों की बात तय हुई। सेठ रामानंद ने आजम खान से कहा कि वह उसके सामने इसीलिए झुका क्योंकि उसे उसके साथ सौदा करना था। वर्ना वह भी कोई निरीह कीड़ा-मकोड़ा नहीं है। खान अभी भी संतुष्ट नहीं था क्योंकि उसने देखा कि सेठ ने चालाकी से केवल एक तरफ की मूंछ नीचे की थी। खान दूसरी तरफ की मूंछ भी नीची देखना चाहता था। इससे साहुकार का धैर्य जाता रहा। हालांकि उसने खान से वादा किया कि जब वह दूसरी बार उसके पास आएगा तो वह अपनी मूंछे पूरी तरह नीची कर लेगा। तब खान उसकी दुकान से चला गया। लेकिन आजम खान अभी-भी संतुष्ट नहीं था।

वह अपने घमंड, अपने उन पुरखों का घमंड जो हमेशा अपनी प्रतिष्ठा में बाघ जैसी मूंछे रखते थे, को छिपा नहीं पाया। अपनी इज्जत के प्रतीक को एक साहूकार द्वारा नकल किया जाता देखना उसके लिए असहनीय था। वह घर गया और एक गले का हार, जो सात पुश्तों से उसके परिवार की धरोहर था, लेकर आया। उसने इसे साहूकार के आगे रखा और उससे अपनी मूंछे नीची करने को कहा। साहुकार ने कहा कि पहले वह सौदा कर ले। खान किसी भी कीमत पर हार गिरवी रखने र्की तैयार था, क्योंकि उसका मुख्य उद्देश्य साहूकार की मूंछ को नीचे देखना था। किसी तरह सौदा तय हो गया। लेकिन जैसे ही खान वहां से निकला, फिर उसने वापस मुड़कर देखा कि साहूकार की मूंछे ऊपर की ओर तनी हुई हैं।

खान आगबबूला हो गया। साहूकार ने उसे बहुत समझाया। लेकिन वह मानने को तैयार नहीं था। खान साहूकार की मूंछे नीची देखना चाहता था। तब साहूकार भी अड़ गया। वह ऐसा करने को तैयार नहीं था यदि खान अपने सारे गहने गिरवी रख दे तो भी। तब खान अपनी सारी संपत्ति, प्रतिष्ठा, बर्तन, कपड़े और अपना घर भी सिर्फ साहूकार की मूंछे नीची देखने के लिए कुर्बान करने को तैयार हो गया। साहूकार ने यह मोल-भाव झट से मान लिया। जमींदार और कुछ और भी लोग इसे सुनकर साहूकार का साथ देने को तैयार हो गए। आजम खान ने अपनी झठी सामंती प्रतिष्ठा की तुष्टि के लिए अपना सबकुछ खो दिया। वह सिर्फ धीरे से बुदबुदाया. “मेरे पिता एक सुल्तान थे।” अब वह कंगाल बन गया।

A Pair of Mustachios Word Meanings

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MP Board Class 11th English A Voyage Solutions Chapter 21 The Dear Departed (Stanley Houghton)

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The Dear Departed Textual Exercises

Word Power

Question 1.
Find the words in the play that mean:
1. window shades
2. go about seeking pleasure
3. tiny particle
4. steal
5. without any sign of feeling
6. move without attracting attention
7. push sharply with a stick or something pointed
8. unforgiving
9. with hurt pride
10. a senseless behaviour
Answer:

1. blinds
2. gallivant
3. speak
4. pinch
5. impassive
6. skip
7. poke
8. ……..
9. ……..
10. tomfoolry

Question 2.
Make sentences the following phrases:
1. to lay table
2. to usher in
3. to breathe a word to
4. to sail into the room
5. hang about
6. put up with
7. feel equal to
8. work oneself up
9. a near thing
10. stagger in
11. have an eye on
12. off (somebody’s) hands
13. out of (one’s) senses
Answer:

1. to lay table – He laid the table for the discussion.
2. to usher in – Our country has ushered in a new era.
3. to breathe a word to – The thief was not ready to breathe a word about the crime to the police.
4. to sail into the room – Suddenly a doubt about the ghost sailed into the room.
5. hang about—Still the decision of this case is hanging about with the President.
6. put up with -I cannot put up with such an awkward situation.
7. feel equal to – He always feels himself equal to the great king.
8. work oneself up -I have worked myself up to the final verdict.
9. a near thing – His settlement is now a near thing.
10. stagger in – The old man staggered in the room.
11. have an eye on – Now the police have an eye on every unattended thing.
12. off (somebody’s) hands – He Was caught offhanded.
13. out of (one’s) senses – Don’t go out of your senses.

Question 3.
Frame sentences to differentiate the meanings of the following pairs of words:

1. straight – strait
2. saft – deft
3. droop – drop
4. breath – breadth
5. adapt – adept
6. worse – verse
7. pique – pick
8. mourning – morning

Answer:
(1) straight— strait
straight—It is a straight road.
strait — The strait of Gibralter is very famous.

(2) ‘saft—deft
saft
deft

(3) droop-drop
droop – He is sitting with his drooping should is.
drop — There is not a single drop of water in this glass.

(4) breath — breadth
breath – He breaths with difficulty.
breadth -The breadth of this river is narrow.

(5) adapt — adept
adapt – We have adapted the new climate.
adept — We are adept to the new situation.

(6) worse — verse
worse – The patient’s condition became worse.
verse—This is a verse of traditional pattern.

(7) pique—pick
pique –
pick — The child picked up the chocolate.

(8) mourning-morning
mourning – Many people gathered in the mourning of the leader,
morning – I get up early in the morning.

Comprehension

(A) Arrange the following sentences in sequence so that a continues narrative of the story of the Dear Departed could be made. Begin your story with the first statement as the first sentences:
1. Abel Merry weather had two daughters Amelina and Elizabeth (lovingly called by him Melia’ and Lizzy ’.)
2. The Slaters had a daughter named Victoria.
3. They discussed the advertisement, which should be put up in the newspapers.
4. Mrs. Slater and her husband waited for the arrival of Mrs. Jordan and her husband so that preparations for cremation could be made.
5. Abel Merry weather said that in his new Will he would make the provision that his belongings and property would go to the person with whom he lived at the time of his death.
6. Victoria was sent to Abel Merryweather’s room to bring the key
bunch of the bureau in which Abel Merryweather might have put the insurance premium receipt.
7. Abel Merryweather informed that he was going to marry Mrs. John Shorocks, a widow.
8. Abel Merryweather said that he was going to change his Will.
9. One day Mrs. Slater felt that Abel Merryweather had died.
10. Suddenly Victoria came into room telling that grandfather (Abel ’Merryweather,) was moving.
11. Before the arrival of the Jordons, the Slaters had pinched grandfather’s bureau and wall clock.
12. Mrs. Slater sent a telegram to her sister about the death of Abel Merryweather.
13. Amelia after marriage had become Mrs. Slater while Elizabeth was called Mrs. Jordan.
14. At the time of the story he lived with Amelia.
15. Both of the daughters were married.
16. The sisters (Mrs. Slater and Mrs. Jordan) wanted to ascertain if Abel Merryweather had deposited his insurance premium.
Answer:

1. Abel Merry weather had two daughters Amelina and Elizabeth (lovingly called by him ‘Melia’ and ‘Lizzy’.)
2. Both of the daughters were married.
3. Amelia after marriage had become Mrs. Slater while Elizabeth was called Mrs. Jordan.
4. One day Mrs. Slater felt that Abel Merry weather had died.
5. At the time of the story he lived with Amelia.
6. Mrs. Slater sent a telegram to her sister about the death of Abel Merry weather.
7. Mrs. Slater and her husband waited for the arrival of Mrs. Jordan and her husband so that preparations for cremation could be made.
8. They discussed the advertisement, which should be put up in the newspapers.
9. Before the arrival of the Jordans, the Slaters had pinched grandfather’s bureau and wall clock.
10. The sisters (Mrs. Slater and Mrs. Jordan) wanted to ascertain if Abel Merry weather had deposited his insurance premium.
11. The Slaters had a daughter named Victoria.
12. Victoria was sent to Abel Merry weather’s room to bring the key bunch of the bureau in which Abel Merry weather might have put the insurance premium receipt.
13. Suddenly Victoria came into room telling that grandfather (Abel Merryweather) was moving.
14. Abel Merryweather said that in his new Will he would make the provision that his belongings and property would go to the person with whom he lived at the time of his death.
15. Abel Merryweather said that he was going to change is will.
16. Abel Merryweather informed that he was .going to marry Mrs. John Shorocks, a widow.

(B) Answer the following questions in about 150 words:

Question 1.
Write a character sketch of Mrs. Slater highlighting the following .points:
(a) her greed
(b) her overpowering nature.
(c) her straight walk
(d) her impoliteness, and
(e) her lack of the sense of feelings.
Answer:
Mrs. Slater is one of the daughters of Abel Merrweather. She plays the most dominant role in the play. She is a vigorous, plump, redfaced, vulgar woman prepared to do any amount of straight talking to get her own way. She is sharp-witted. After she gets confirmed about the death of her father, she tries to first grab all the essentials of her father. She takes Victoria, her sister into confidence. She takes the bureau of her father. She also asks her sister to take his slippers. She also takes the mantelpiece from her father’s room. Then she turns her attention to the insurance policy of Abel Merry weather and also wants to get sure that he had paid its premiums. She doesn’t want anyone to come there before she takes everything in her possession.

She is a lady of overpowering nature. She instructs how to pose to be a perfect mourns before the visitors, She expresses her mourning in a very perfect way before her uncle and aunt who have come there to their sympathy. She doesn’t show sympathy to anyone. She is very rude in her behaviour.

When she comes to know that her father is not dead, she is shocked. But she controls herself in a clever manner. Though she is exposed. The father comes to know everything and changes his will. She tries to convince her father that she has taken the things just to keep them safe. But the father leaves the house and denounces his daughters, behaviour. Mrs. Slater represents a great materialistic character who has no emotion, no relation, but only her own-self. She is completely feelingless

Question 2.
In the play the two daughters do not seem to be concerned at their father’s death. Do you think it is proper? If not, why?
Answer:
‘The Dear Departed’ is a play which exposes the degradation of moral values in the British class. The theme is put in the form of a story of a family affair represented by two sisters Mrs. Slater and Mrs. Jordan. Their father Mr. Abel is shown to be dead. The behaviour of the daughters and their husbands after the confirmation of Abel’s death is changed completely. They are not at all concerned with the dead body or the funeral : rites. Instead they take care of the things and other belongings like slippers mantelpiece, bureau, insurance policy etc. of Abel. They want to grab all the things before any outsiders come there for mourning They even want to get sure whether Abel had paid the last premium of the policy.

They are in hurry because their relatives are to reach there any moment. They become too much greedy. On the other hand they are in black dress as a mark of mourning. They posses to be in great grief. This attitude is in no way appreciating because it shows very low grade mentality. After all Abel is their father. Whatever he died or possessed, it is for his daughters. If he were died in fact, if the first concern for Mrs. Slater and Mrs. Jordan first to arrange his funeral in a perfect manner. But their attitude shows they have no attachment with him. They are concerned only with his belongings. They are exposed for their lost moral value.

Question 3.
How are the two sisters exposed in the play “The Dear Departed”?
Answer:
‘The Dear Departed’ is a play which exposes the degradation of moral values in the British class. The theme is put in the form of a story of a family affair represented by two sisters Mrs. Slater and Mrs. Jordan. Their father Mr. Abel is shown to be dead. The behaviour of the daughters and their husbands after the confirmation of Abel’s death is changed completely. They are not at all concerned with the dead body or the funeral : rites. Instead they take care of the things and other belongings like slippers mantelpiece, bureau, insurance policy etc. of Abel. They want to grab all the things before any outsiders come there for mourning They even want to get sure whether Abel had paid the last premium of the policy.

They are in hurry because their relatives are to reach there any moment. They become too much greedy. On the other hand they are in black dress as a mark of mourning. They posses to be in great grief. This attitude is in no way appreciating because it shows very low grade mentality. After all Abel is their father. Whatever he died or possessed, it is for his daughters. If he were died in fact, if the first concern for Mrs. Slater and Mrs. Jordan first to arrange his funeral in a perfect manner. But their attitude shows they have no attachment with him. They are concerned only with his belongings. They are exposed for their lost moral value.

Question 4.
Narrate the story of ‘The Dear Departed’ from the point of view of Abel Merryweather.
Answer:
I am Abel Merryweather. I have seen long life. It has been full of wonderful experiences. The ups and downs, joy and grief, lost and found have been some of the unforgettable moments. But one thing is sure that these have made me learn a real life situations. But the most bitter experience I had was the behaviour of my own daughters. One day I was in deep sleep.

I wanted to try my daughters concerned for me. I posed to be dead. Suddenly my daughters came to know it. The moment they knew about my death they became more active. First my second daughter took away my slippers. I was feeling everything and was listening to their talk. My elder daughter took away my bureau and then the mantelpiece; they were trying to get the insurance policy and its premium receipt. They were making all efforts to grab my all belongings.

I felt they were not at all worried about my funeral. Now it became intolerable for me and I got up. I exposed their behaviour and snapped all relations with them. Though they begged their pardon but I was too much pained at their excessive selfishness and materialistic attitude. I disowned them and decided to marry a widow. I also changed my will. I was shocked what a fall man has met with.

Question 5.
Justify the title of the play ‘The Dear Departed’?
Answer:
‘The Dear Departed’ is a satirical play which exposes the degradation of moral values in the British middle class. The two sisters- Mrs. Slater and Mrs. Jordan represent the characters who have lost all moral values. The moment they come to know that their father is dead. They become active to grab all his belongings one by one they take his bureau, slippers, mantelpiece, insurance policy etc. they have no concern for the dead father. They pose to be in perfect mourning. But their attitude is not honest.

They don’t want to spend anything for the funeral. However Abel, their father, gets up. The two sisters are surprised. Abel exposes them. He is not convinced at their pleas in excuses. He disowns them. Here the dear father departs from his daughters. On the other hand, it is the belongings of the father which were most dear to the two daughters are also lost for them. So, the writer has chosen the title ‘The Dear Departed’ very aptly.

The Dear Departed Summary In English

‘The Dear Departed’ is a satirical play by Stanley Houghton. It satirises the degradation of moral values in the British class people. The story begins in the sitting room of a small house in a lower middle class district of a provincial town; Mrs. Slater and Mrs. Jordan are two sisters. Henry Slater and Ben Jordan are their husband respectively. Mrs. Slater is a vigorous, plump, red faced vulgar woman prepared to do any amount of straight talking to gets her own way.

They have come to know that their father Abel is no more. They wear black dresses to show their mourning. They have informed their uncle the death of Abel. In the meantime they want to grab all the belongs of their father. They take the slippers, mantelpiece, bureau and some other things from father’s room. They also wait to get the insurance policy of Abel.They have, in fact, no concern for the death of Abel. They don’t care for his funeral. They don’t bother to care for the dead body.

The two sisters including their husbands posed to be in perfect mourning of the death of Abel. But the payment of premium for the insurance policy still haunts in their mind. Mrs. Slater sends Victoria, her daughter, to check Abel’s room find the premium receipt. Victoria goes there but returns very scared. She informs them that there is movement in the body of Abel.

They are amazed and scared also. They peep into the room and then go there. Abel thrust his hand at Ben who skips back to a safe distance below the safe. Now they are sure that grandfather is not dead. Abel exposes both of his daughters one by one. Though they try to convince him that they s took his things just to keep them safely. But Abel is not convinced. He rejects their pleas and all their excuses. Then Abel declares that he is going to change his will. He will give all his belongings to the one with whom he will remain at the time of his death. He don’t want to be robbed again. Now both the daughters try to win over Abel. But finally Abel declares that he is going to marry a widow. The daughters are fade up. But Abel is determined to disown them for their materialistic and selfish attitude.

The Dear Departed Summary in Hindi

‘The Dear Departed’ Stanley Houghton द्वारा लिखी हुई एक व्यंग्यात्मक नाटक है। यह ब्रिटिश वर्ग के लोगों के नैतिक मूल्यों के पतन की निन्दा करता है। कहानी की शुरुआत एक निम्न मध्य-वर्गीय प्रादेशिक शहर के जिले में एक छोटे-से घर के . बैठक-खाने में होती है। Mrs. Slater और Mrs. Jordon दो बहनें हैं। उनके पति क्रमश: Henry Slater एवं Ben Jordon हैं। Mrs. Slater एक तेज तर्रार, मोटी, लाल चेहरे वाली भद्दी महिला है जो अपने स्वार्थ के लिए कुछ भी कहने-सुनने और करने को तैयार रहती है। उन लोगों को पता चलता है कि उनके पिता Abel की मृत्यु हो चुकी है। वे शोक प्रदर्शन के लिए काले लिबास पहन लेती हैं। वे अपने चाचा को Abel की मृत्यु की सूचना दे चुकी हैं। इस बीच वे चाहती हैं कि पिता के सारा सामान हड़प लें। वे उनकी चप्पलें, समयसूचक यंग, अलमारी और पिता के कमरे के अन्य सभी सामान ले लेती हैं। दरअसल उन्हें Abel
की मौत से कोई मतलब नहीं है। वे उसके अंतिम संस्कार के बारे में जरा भी नहीं सोचती  हैं।

वे मृत शरीर के रख-रखाव की भी चिंता नहीं करतीं। दोनों बहनें और उनके पति Abel की मृत्यु पर पूर्ण शोक मनाने का नाटक करते हैं। लेकिन अभी भी उनके दिमाग में Insurance Policy की किस्त की अदायगी की चिंता समायी हुई है। Mrs. Slater अपनी बेटी Victoria को Abel के कमरे में किस्त की रसीद खोजने के लिए भेजती है। Victoria वहां जाती है लेकिन डरकर तुरंत वापस आ जाती है। वह उन्हें बताती है कि Abel के शरीर में हरकत हो रही है। उन्हें आश्चर्य और डर दोनों होता है। वे कमरे में झांकती हैं और फिर वहां जाती हैं।

Abel Ben पर जोर से हाथ उठाता है जो सोफे पर गिरकर बच जाता है। अब वह समझ गए कि दादाजी जीवित हैं। वे मरे नहीं हैं। Abel एक-एक कर दोनों बेटियों की पोल खोलता है। हालांकि वे Abel को समझाने की पूरी कोशिश करते हैं, कि उन लोगों ने सामानों की सुरक्षा के लिए उन्हें अपने पास रख लिया। लेकिन Abel को इस पर विश्वास नहीं हुआ। वह उनकी दलीलों और सफाई को अस्वीकार कर देता है। फिर वह अपनी वसीयत बदलने की घोषणा करता है। वह अपनी सारी सम्पत्ति उसे देगा जिसके साथ वह अपनी मृत्यु के समय रहेगा। वह अब फिर से ठगा जाना नहीं चाहता। अब दोनों बेटियाँ Abel को पटाने की कोशिश करती है। लेकिन अंतत: Abel उन्हें बताता है कि वह एक विधवा से शादी करने जा रहा है। दोनों लड़कियां निराश हो जाती हैं। किन्तु Abel उनकी दुनियादारी और स्वार्थी विचारों के कारण उन्हें त्याग देने का निश्चय कर चुका है।

The Dear Departed Word Meaning

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MP Board Class 11th English A Voyage Solutions Chapter 20 Profit and Loss (Rabindranath Tagore)

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Profit and Loss Textual Exercises

Word Power

Question 1.
Keeping the text in mind, write ten sentences using the following words to describer-the mental state of Ramsunder Mitra: despodeinf, hagglung, dowry, subterfuge, extortionate, looked down upon, mutely implored, wailed at, impasse.
Answer:
Ramsunder Mitra Was a victim of extortionate case.of down with a great haggling he could Search a groom for his daughter. He implored to the Raybahadur who refused to allow his son to marry without taking the full money of dowry. However’ the marriage performed But he was looked down upon by his daughter ‘s-in-laws. His daughter tolerated all misbehaviour mutely. Ramsunder Mitra was despondent. He wailed at the condition of his daughter. But it proved to be an impasse. It was a subterfuge of Nirupama’s-in-laws.

Question 2.
Fill in the blank spaces with appropriate words given below. (Use the words in their correct form)
vicious, indiginity, malice, resort to, diminish, gloomy, trembling, forbid, condemn
1. The assaults of the boss were ………… upon Rajesh.
2. He sat at the window in a sad and ………… mood.
3. He had ………… towards none.
4. The law ………… smoking at public places.
5. The size of a candle ………… as the flame bums.
6. The old man could hardly hold the stick in his ………… hands.
7. He was over-burdened with liabilities. He had to ………… borrowing money.
8. Everyone ………… the meanness of Amar.
9. Rajesh was treated with ………… by his colleagues.
Answer:

1. vicious
2. gloomy
3. malice
4. forbids
5. diminishes
6. trembling
7. resort to
8. condemned
9. indignity

Question 3.
Idioms, Proverbs and phrasal verbs:
A. An idiom is an expression of a given language that is peculiar to itself grammatically and which cannot be understood from the meanings of the individual words that comprise the idiom. Here are a few examples of idioms.

• Crocodile tears: It means an insincere show of sympathy or I sadness; crocodiles were once thought to ‘ weep’ large tears before they are their victims.
• To break the ice: It means to be the first one to say or do l something, with the hope that others will follow.
• Kick the bucket: It means ‘to die’. Its meaning cannot be deduced from knowing the meanings of kick and the bucket.

B. An idiom must be distinguished from a proverb. Proverbs are old but familiar sayings that usually give advice. Here are a few examples of proverbs:

• An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
• A friend in need is a friend indeed.
• A little knowledge is a dangerous thing;

Idioms and phrases are conditioned the culture of the country where the particular language is spoken. For example, in Hindi we have a proverb “आम के आम गुठलियों के दाम” such a proverb could not be coined in English where mangoes are not produced. In the same way “break the ice” is a typical idiom of cold countries, and such an idiom could not have been coined in Hindi speaking belt.

C. A phrasal verb is a verb plus a preposition or adverb, which creates a meaning different from the original verb. Here are a few examples of phrasal verbs:

• pickup
• put down
• turn on.

(A) Now, explaining the meanings of the following idioms that occur in his story.

(a) Let (something) slip from one’s fingers.
(b) (bring) bad luck on (somebody)
(c) at length
(d) out of the question
(e) to set one’s heart on (something)
(f) go to great length!
(g) a bed of nails
(h) at all
Answer:
(a) let (something) slip from one’s finger – to lose something.
(b) (bring) bad luck on (somebody) – to cause unfavourable situation for someone.
(c) at length – distant
(d) out of the question – impossible
(e) to set one’s heart on (something) – to decide
(f) go to great lengths – to keep distance
(g) a bed of nails – troublesome
(h) at all-completely

(B) The following phrasal verbs also occur in this story. Learn these meaning and use them in a sentence of your own:

1. turn up
2. break off
3. hold (somebody or something) back
4. look down on (upon) somebody
5. resort to
6. find out
7. flare up
8. let (somebody) down
9. set off
10. brood over (something)
11. put on (something)
Answer:

1. turn up – He has not turned up yet.
2. break off He decided to break off all relation with me..
3. hold back I don’t intend to hold back this project.
4. look down on (upon) somebody – We should not look down on (upon)anyone.
5. resort to – For having no job at last he had to resent to start a business.
6. find out – l am trying to find out the real cause of the problem.
7. flare up – The father was flared up by the son’s report card.
8. let (somebody) down Don’t let down your friends.
9. set off – He has just set off for aboard.
10. brood over (something) – He was always brooding over his past days.
11. put on (something) – The child put on his school uniform.

Comprehension

(A) Here is provided the summary of the story, “Profit and Loss” but the sequence of the sentences has been disturbed. Put the sentences in their logical order.
1. Nirupama was the only daughter of her parents.
2. Even the servants looked down on him.
3. When Ramsundar’s sons came to know that he was selling the house to pay the dowry they protested.
4. Ramsundar had no respect in his son-in-law’s house.
5. Njrupama was taken seriously ill.
6. The impasse was resolved when the groom rebelled against his father.
7. A dowry of 10,000 rupees had been asked by the bridegroom’s family.
8. Ramsundar fell on the feet of Raybahadur.
9. Ramsundar often went to see his daughter at Raybahadur’s place.
10. The groom said, “I came here to marry and marry I shall.”
11. When reports of ill-treatment of his daughter came to Ramsundar, he decided to sell off his house.
12. Ramsundar could not bring his daughter home as he had not paid , the dowry agreed upon.
13. Nirupama asked her father not to come to her in-laws house to take home.
14. In the end’. Nirupama took offence and stopped sending messages to his father.
15. Raybahadur decided to take back the marriage-party without marriage.
16. Nirupama was treated very shabbily in her father-in-law’s house.
17. One day Nirupama asked her father to take her home.
18. Nirupama sent one after other message’s to her father, he should take her home.
19. Ramsunder dared not ask Nirupama’s father-in-law to send her home.
20. Ramsundar’s sons were unhappy when he sold the house.
21. Raybahadur’s wife Informed her son that another girl had been selected for his marriage.
22. Nirupama asked he/father to give not even a paisa to her father-in-law.
23. When she died, Raybahadur spent much money on her funeral rites.
24. This time, the dowry was twenty thousand rupees in cash.
Answer:
The sequence of the sentences can be set in the following order:

1. Nirupama was the only daughter of her parents.
2. A dowry of 10,000 rupees had been asked by the bridegroom’s family.
3. Raybahadur decided to take back the marriage-party without marriage.
4. Ramsundar fell on the feet of Raybahadur.
5. The impasse was resolved when the groom rebelled against his father.
6. The groom said, “I came her to marry and marry I shall.’5
7. Ramsundar often went to see his daughter at Raybahadur’s place.
8. Ramsundar had no respect in his son-in-law’s house.
9. Even the servants looked down on him.
10. Nirupama was treated very shabbily in her father-in-law’s house
11. When reports of ill-treatment of his daughter came to Ramsundar, he decided to sell off his house.
12. One day Nirupama asked her father to take her home.
13. Ramsunder dared not ask Nirupama’s father-in-law to send her home.
14. Ramsundar could not bring his daughter home as he had not paid the dowry agreed upon.
15. When Ramsundar’s sons came to know that he was selling the house to pay the dowry they protested.
16. Ramsundar’s sons were unhappy when he sold the house.
17. Nirupama sent one after other message’s to her father, he should take her home.
18. Nirupama asked her father to give not even a paisa to her father- in-law.
19. Nirupama asked her father riot to come to her in-laws house to take her home.
20. In the end, Nirupama took offence and stopped sending messages to his father.
21. Nirupama was taken seriously ill.
22. When she died, Raybahadur spent much money on her funeral 4 rites.
23. Raybahadur’s wife informed her son that another girl had been ‘ asked for his marriage.
24. This time, the dowry was twenty thousand rupees in cash.

(B) Answer the following questions in about 200-250 words:

Question 1.
Suppose you are Ramsundar. Rewrite, the story ‘Profit and Loss’ from your point of view. Began like this…when a daughter ; was born, I named her Nirupama…
Answer:
When a daughter was born, I named her Nirupama, she was peerless in every sense. She was born after five sons. When she came of age, I began searching a suitable groom for her. But it was a hard task to manage. However, I could find the only son of a grand Raybahadur. Though his ancestral wealth had diminished, but the family was noble. They agreed upon a dowry of Rs. 10,000 along with many additional gifts. I agreed but by ill-luck I could not manage till the time of marriage.

Still I was talking Rs, 6000-7000. On the wedding day Raybahadur refused to allow his son for marriage until the entire amount was paid. I made all requests and pleas but in vain. It was good sense that prevailed upon Raybahadur’s son who protested his father and married my daughter. After the marriage when I visited my son-in-law’s house. I met with a very awkward situation. No 5 attention was paid to me. I was allowed to meet my daughter only for a few minutes’, I came back dejectedly. I decided to arrange the rest amount of ; dowry by selling my house. But my sons protested it.

However I began taking loans at high interest rates. As the amount was not full, it was not accepted and I was treated badly. My daughter was facing spiteful behaviour , at every turn. Again my made efforts etc bring her home but failed. Nirupama asked me to take her home only for once. But I didn’t dare. Later I sold my  house secretly. My sons came to know and became angry. Nirupama also knew it and she asked me not to give any money to her in-laws, not to visit her again.

Then I came to know that she left food and became seriously ill. As a result she died. Her funeral was arranged with great pomp and show. Raybahadur’s generocity was talked much. After that they searched another bride for their son, who was a deputy magistrate. This time the dowry was twenty thousand hard cash.

Question 2.
Write a character-sketch of Ramsundar highlighting the . following points:
(a) his poverty;
(b) his love for his daughter;
(c) his attempts to provide dowry for his daughter and the failure in his attempts;
(d) his reception at the place of his daughter’s parents-in-laws;
(e) the attitude of his sons towards him.
Answer:
Ramsundar is the central character of the story ‘Profit and Loss’. He represents a man from typical Indian background. He belongs to a poor middle class family. He had five sons and a daughter. As the daughter was the youngest one after the five sons he loved her very much. He wanted to marry her to the most suitable groom. He went on searching for it. But he had to face the problem of dowry.

Finally he got the only son of renowned Raybahadur. Though the demand was Rs. 10,000 along with many additional gifts, he finalised the deal. But in no way he could raise all the money. Even after pawning, selling and using every method he could not manage the entire sum. Still he needed six-seven thousand rupees.

On the wedding day Raybahadur refused to allow his son to marry without getting the entire amount. Ramsundar fell on his knees before the Raybahadur, he implored him not to bring bad luck by breaking of the ceremony, insisted he would pay him in full. But Raybahadur was adamant.

Ramsundar was very miserable. However the marriage was performed with the support of groom’s good sense and youthful spirit.After the marriage when Ramsundar went to meet her daughter, he was treated badly. He had no honour at all his son-in-law’s house. Even the servants neglected him. Sometimes he saw his daughter just for five minutes in a separate outer room of the house.

Sometimes ht was not allowed to see her at all.It was unbearable for him. So he decided to manage the rest amount by selling his house. But his sons didn’t support him. Day by day, Nirupama’s tale of woes was growing. She had to bear the burnt of her in-laws’ spiteful behaviour Ramsundar finally sold his house secretly. When Nirupama knew it, she asked her father not to give any money to her in-laws. After that she didn’t send any massage to Ramsundar. Finally he died of illness, starvation and pangs of torture. Ramsundar heard all these. He also heard how Raybahadur made the funeral of Nirupama a grand occasion. Ramsundar’s position was too miserable to utter a word at the inhuman traits of so-called high class of people.

Question 3.
Write a summary of the story ‘Profit and Loss’ in your own words.
Answer:
‘Profit and Loss’ is a story by Rabindranath Tagore. It highlights the age-old burning problem of dowry in our society. A daughter, after five sons,- was born to Ramsunder Mitra. She was named as Nirupama – peerless. When she came of age Ramsunder Mitra went on searching for a suitable groom for his daughter. After a long search, he got the son of a Raybahadur, a grand family at the dowry of Rs. 10,000. Till the time of marriage Mitra failed to arrange the amount. Still there was the due amount for Rs. 6,000 or 7,000 .On the wedding day Raybahadur was adamant to allow his son to marry after getting the entire amount. Mitra’s all pleas failed to impress Raybahadur. By good luck Raybahadur’s son revolted against his father and agreed to marry showing his youthful spirit and value.

After the marriage whenever Mitra went to meet his daughter he was treated indifferently. Even the servants didn’t pay any attention to him. He was allowed to meet Nirupama only for, a few times in an outer room. Sometimes he was not allowed to even see her. Nirupma was never allowed to go to her father’s house. Ramsunder Mitra was very much pained at such behaviour and so he decided to arrange for the due amount of dowry anyhow.

On the other hand, Nirupama was treated very badly and spitefully at every turn. She shut herself into her room and wept. Everyday, every time she had to bear the burnt of insults. Her mother-in-law’s assaults were especially vicious. Ramsunder’s pain was growing day by day. Now it was growing unbearable. So he decided to sell his house to pay the amount. But his sons came to know of it and they protested it. Then Ramsunder began raising loans from various quarters at high interest rates. Nirupma understood everything.

She longed to visit her father’s house even once. But Ramsunder was so much heartbroken that he couldn’t ask for its permission. Though he promised his daughter that he would manage for it. But ultimately the father proved to be helpless. He could manage three thousand rupees. He was treated badly again. Then he resolved not to come to his daughter’s-in-laws’ house until he could manage the total due amount.

Many months passed but Ramsunder didn’t come even after her daughter sent many messengers. It as the days of Navratra. Once again he dared to go there with a few money that he had arranged by selling his house secretly. When his sons knew it they became very much furious.

However Nirupama came to know it. She asked her father not to give any money to her in-laws. Ramsunder came back. After that Nirupama lost interest in food. She fell ill seriously. She had no wish to live in the world. In the meantime her husband sent massage that he was managing for new settlement in the new city where he was deputed as Deputy Magistrate. He had no time to visit his house. It might be also a situation created by Nirupama’s-in-laws not to let them meet. Nirupama ultimately died out of her illness and starvation. Her funeral was a grand occasion.

Raybahadur arranged it in such a way that it became a never before and never after celebration in the surrounding areas. Such a huge sandalwood pyre had never been seen. It was said that it put them into debt also. But they were happy. Ramsunder also heard all these from those who came to console him. Meanwhile a letter from Deputy Magistrate came to his parents that he had arranged everything well in the new city. Now his wife could be lent quickly. His mother replied to her dear son that they i had secured another girl for him. He should come for new marriage. This time the dowry was 20,000 rupees cash down.

Question 4.
What moral do you draw from the story ‘Profit and Loss’? Do you think dowry is justified? Why or why not?
Answer:
‘Profit and Loss’ is a story by Rabindranath Tagore. It highlights the theme of the greatest social curse which had prevailed in society right from ancient eras. It tells us the woes of dowry. Its forms have been changing through the different ages. In old times it was in the form of exchange of gifts. Later it was changed to the monetary gain. The voice of protest against it has always been raised but of no concrete result. Laws are their but with no effect.

Dowry has worsely affected the society. It is in no way justified because it spreads hate, indignation, dissatisfaction, frustration and depression. Life can’t be lived with support of dowry. Marriage is a mutual relationship which is established riot brought. Hence, there is a need  abolish it. No law can do it. Only good sense and youthful spirit can bring out a change. Females should also have the courage to raise their voice against it.

Profit and Loss Summary in English

‘Profit and Loss’ is a story by Rabindranath Tagore. It highlights the age-old burning problem of dowry in our society. A daughter, after five sons,- was born to Ramsunder Mitra. She was named as Nirupama – peerless. When she came of age Ramsunder Mitra went on searching for a suitable groom for his daughter. After a long search, he got the son of a Raybahadur, a grand family at the dowry of Rs. 10,000. Till the time of marriage Mitra failed to arrange the amount. Still there was the due amount for Rs. 6,000 or 7,000 .On the wedding day Raybahadur was adamant to allow his son to marry after getting the entire amount. Mitra’s all pleas failed to impress Raybahadur. By good luck Raybahadur’s son revolted against his father and agreed to marry showing his youthful spirit and value.

After the marriage whenever Mitra went to meet his daughter he was treated indifferently. Even the servants didn’t pay any attention to him. He was allowed to meet Nirupama only for, a few times in an outer room. Sometimes he was not allowed to even see her. Nirupma was never allowed to go to her father’s house. Ramsunder Mitra was very much pained at such behaviour and so he decided to arrange for the due amount of dowry anyhow.

On the other hand, Nirupama was treated very badly and spitefully at every turn. She shut herself into her room and wept. Everyday, every time she had to bear the burnt of insults. Her mother-in-law’s assaults were especially vicious. Ramsunder’s pain was growing day by day. Now it was growing unbearable. So he decided to sell his house to pay the amount. But his sons came to know of it and they protested it. Then Ramsunder began raising loans from various quarters at high interest rates. Nirupma understood everything.

She longed to visit her father’s house even once. But Ramsunder was so much heartbroken that he couldn’t ask for its permission. Though he promised his daughter that he would manage for it. But ultimately the father proved to be helpless. He could manage three thousand rupees. He was treated badly again. Then he resolved not to come to his daughter’s-in-laws’ house until he could manage the total due amount.

Many months passed but Ramsunder didn’t come even after her daughter sent many messengers. It as the days of Navratra. Once again he dared to go there with a few money that he had arranged by selling his house secretly. When his sons knew it they became very much furious.

However Nirupama came to know it. She asked her father not to give any money to her in-laws. Ramsunder came back. After that Nirupama lost interest in food. She fell ill seriously. She had no wish to live in the world. In the meantime her husband sent massage that he was managing for new settlement in the new city where he was deputed as Deputy Magistrate. He had no time to visit his house. It might be also a situation created by Nirupama’s-in-laws not to let them meet. Nirupama ultimately died out of her illness and starvation. Her funeral was a grand occasion.

Raybahadur arranged it in such a way that it became a never before and never after celebration in the surrounding areas. Such a huge sandalwood pyre had never been seen. It was said that it put them into debt also. But they were happy. Ramsunder also heard all these from those who came to console him. Meanwhile a letter from Deputy Magistrate came to his parents that he had arranged everything well in the new city. Now his wife could be lent quickly. His mother replied to her dear son that they i had secured another girl for him. He should come for new marriage. This time the dowry was 20,000 rupees cash down.

Profit and Loss Summary in Hindi

‘Profit and Loss’ रविन्द्रना थटैगोर लिखित कहानी है। इसमें हमारे समाज में प्रचलित दहेज की ज्वलंत समस्या को उजागर किया गया है। रामसुन्दर मित्रा के घर पांच पुत्रों के बाद एक बेटी का जन्म हुआ। उसका नाम निरूपमा-अद्भुत-रखा गया है। जब वह बड़ी हुई तब रामसुन्दर मित्रा अपनी बेटी के लिए एक सुयोग्य वर की तलाश में भटकने लगे। लंबी खोज के बाद उन्हें दस हजार रकम की दहेज पर एक भव्य परिवार वाले रायबहादुर का बेटा मिला। विवाह के दिन तक मित्रा पूरी रकम जुटाने में असफल रहे। अभी भी छह-सात हजार रुपये की रकम बकाया था। विवाह के दिन रायबहादुर पूरी रकम लेने के बाद ही अपने बेटे को शादी के लिए भेजने पर अडिग थे। मित्रा के सभी अनुनय-विनय रायबहादुर को प्रभावित करने में असफल रहे। भाग्यवश रायबहादुर का बेटा अपनी जवानी के जोश और मूल्यों को दिखाते हुए अपने पिता के खिलाफ विद्रोह कर बैठा और शादी के लिए राजी हो गया।

विवाह के बाद जब भी मित्रा अपनी बेटी से मिलने गया, उसके साथ अजीब-सा व्यवहार हुआ। यहां तक कि नौकरों ने भी उस पर कोई ध्यान नहीं दिया। उसे सिर्फ थोड़ी देर के लिए बाहरी कमरे में निरुपमा से मिलने दिया जाता था। कभी-कभी तो उसे निरुपमा से मिलने भी नहीं दिया जाता था। निरुपमा को कभी अपनी पिता के घर जाने की अनुमति नहीं मिली। रामसुन्दर मित्रा इस तरह के व्यवहार से बहुत दु:खी थे और इसीलिए उन्होंने किसी भी तरह दहेज की बकाया रकम की व्यवस्था करने की ठान ली। . दूसरी ओर निरुपमा के साथ बहुत ही बुरे और तीखे-ताने वाले व्यवहार हर क्षण होते थे। वह अपने को अपने कमरे में बंद कर रोती रहती थी। हर दिन हर क्षण उसे बेइज्जती सहनी पड़ती थी, खासकर उसकी सास का बुरा व्यवहार बहुत ही जहरीला था। रामसुन्दर का दुःख दिनों-दिन बढ़ता जा रहा था। अब यह असहनीय हो चला।

इसीलिए उसने रकम चुकाने के लिए अपना घर बेचने का निश्चय किया। लेकिन उसके बेटों को इसका पता चल गया और उन्होंने इसका विरोध किया। रामसुन्दर ने अलग-अलग जगहों से ऊंचे ब्याज की दर पर कर्ज लेना शुरू किया। निरूपमा सबकुछ समझ गयी। उसने केवल एक बार अपने पिता के घर जाने की इच्छा जताई। लेकिन रामसुन्दर इतना टूट चुका था कि वह इसकी अनुमति निरुपमा के सास-ससुर से नहीं मांग पाया। हालांकि उसने अपनी बेटी से वादा किया कि वह इसकी व्यवस्था करेगा। . लेकिन अंततः वह पिता लाचार साबित हुआ। वह केवल तीन हजार रुपयों की व्यवस्था कर पाया। उसके साथ फिर बुरा व्यवहार हुआ। तब उसने अपनी बेटी के ससुराल तब तक न जाने की ठान ली जब तक वह पूरी बकाया रकम इकट्ठी न कर ले।

बहुत महीने गुजर गए। लेकिन रामसुन्दर अपनी बेटी के कई संदेश भेजने के बाद भी उससे मिलने नहीं गया। ये नवरात्रि के दिन थे। एक बार फिर उसने कुछ पैसा जो उसने अपने घर को चुपके-से बेचकर इकट्ठा किया था, लेकर अपनी बेटी के घर जाने की हिम्मत जुटाई। जब उसके बेटों को इसका पता चला, वे बहुत नाराज हुए। निरुपमा को भी इसका पता चल गया। उसने अपने पिता से कहा कि वह उसके ससुराल वालों को कोई रकम न दें। रामसुन्दर वापस लौट आया। उसके बाद निरुपमा ने खाना-पीना छोड़ दिया। वह बुरी तरह बीमार पड़ गई। वह इस दुनिया में जीना नहीं चाहती थी। उन्हीं दिनों उसके पति का संदेश आया कि वह नए शहर में जहां वह डिप्टी मजिस्ट्रेट के रूप में पदस्थापित था, नई व्यवस्था में लगा था।

उसके पास घर आने का समय नहीं था। हो सकता था कि यह निरुपमा के ससुराल वालों के द्वारा बनायी गई स्थिति हो जो की उन दोनों को मिलने नहीं देना चाहते थे। अंततः निरुपमा बीमारी और भूख से मर गई। उसका दाह-संस्कार एक भव्य आयोजन था। रायबहादुर ने इसकी ऐसी व्यवस्था कि जैसे उस इलाके में न कभी हुई थी न कभी होने वाली थी। चंदन की लकड़ियों की इतनी बड़ी चिता कभी देखी नहीं गई थी। कहा जाता था कि इससे रायबहादुर पर कुछ कर्ज भी हो गया था। लेकिन वे लोग बड़े खुश थे। रामसुन्दर ने भी उन लोगों से ये बातें सुनी जो उसे सांत्वना देने आए थे। इसी बीच डिप्टी मजिस्ट्रेट का अपने माता-पिता के पास यह पत्र आया कि उसने नए शहर में घर बसाने की सारी व्यवस्था कर ली थी। अब जल्दी ही उसकी पत्नी को भेज दिया जाए। उसकी माँ ने अपने प्रिय पुत्र को जवाब भेजा कि उन लोगों ने उसके लिए एक दूसरी लड़की खोज ली है। वह जल्दी ही नई शादी के लिए आ जाए। इस बार दहेज की रकम बीस हजार रुपये नकद थी।

Profit and Loss Word Meaning

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MP Board Class 11th English A Voyage Solutions Chapter 19 Mirabai (E.L. Turnbull)

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Mirabai Textual Exercises

Work Power

(A) When a sequence of words is read or spoken as a meaningful unit, h is called a phrase. However, any such sequence can be further classified as noun phrase adjectival phrase, adverbial phrase, according to the function In a sentence.
For example:
(i) All the same (making no difference)-It is all the same to me whether I eat now or later. (Adv. Phrase)
(ii) In league with (secret understanding)-The police is in league with the criminals. (Prep. Phrase)
The underlined parts in the above sentences. represent adverbial and prepositional phrases respectively. Use the following phrases in sentences of your own. Make up; taken aback, in her train, hang around, to the’ utmost gain. sick with, brace up. to be heavy with
Answer:

• Make up I told the small children a story. making it up as I went along.
• taken-back – I was taken aback to see a gentleman begging.
• in her train – The famous journalist came in her train.
• hang around – I have a lot of work so don’t hang around me.
• to the utmost gain – To his utmost gain he became a minister. sick with Mirabai was sick with her blind faith.
• brace up – The runners braced up before the race begin.
• to be heavy with – Rani was heavy with the behaviour ol Mirahai.

Comprehension

(A) Identity the speakers from the speeches about Mirabai, which bring out her qualities and arrange them in a table.

Answer:

(B) Choose the correct alternative and rewrite the statements.

Question 1.
Rani is angry with Mirabai because
(i) She is not behaving as a wife should behave
(ii) She is bringing shame on the house of Mewar
(iii) She spends too much time with priests, and in worshipping Lord Krishna
(iv) She disobeys Rani.
Answer:
(iii) She spends too much time with priests, and in worshipping Lord Krishna

Question 2.
Rani wants Rana Sanga to order Mirabai to worship Durga because

(i) Durga is the customary goddess of the royal house
(ii) She doesn’t like Lord Krishna
(iii) She wants Mirabai to change her decision
(iv) All the above
Answer:
(iv) All the above

Question 3.
Mirabai thinks herself/a little better than a captive’ because

(i) She wants freedom in practicing her faith
(ii) She feels hindered in performing her duty
(iii) She keeps all the secrets close to her heart
(iv) All the above
Answer:
(iv) All the above

Question 4.
Jaimall is worried about Mirabai because
(i) Mirabai has poor relationship with Rana Sanga and Rani
(ii) He is close relative of Mirabai
(iii) He is afraid of Rana Sanga
(iv) He doesn’t like Prince Bhojraja.
Answer:
(i) Mirabai has poor relationship with Rana Sanga and Rani

(C) Answer the following questions briefly (in four or five sentences each):

Question 1.
Why was Rani angry with Mirabai?
Answer:
Mirabai, a 16 year old princess of Marwar, is in disgrace in her husband’s house because of her excessive devotion to Lord Krishna. The House of Mewar worships the Goddess Durga and takes it as an insult to the honour of the House that this young girl dares to defy them. The Rani of Mewar, Mirabai’s mother-in-law is angry with her at her obstinancy and wishes to punish her.

Question 2.
How did Rani try to influence Rana Sanga?
Answer:
Rani was a deadly enemy of Mirabai, her daughter-in-law. She poured poison into Rana’s ears. She said that Mirabai was unfaithful to her husband and she loved Jaimall, her cousin. She told Ranadhat Mirabai did not honour the family deity Durga. Instead she was devoted to Lord Krishna.

Question 3.
Who was Jaimall? How did he feel about Mirabai?
Answer:
Jaimall was a kinsman of Mirabai from Merta. He was a young man and the confidante of Rana Sanga. He felt compassionate about Mirabai. When Rani made charges against Mirabai, he came forward to defend her. He pointed out that she had always been loving the image of Lord Krishna as other children loved their toys. He was very much perturbed to see Mirabai’s predicament in the palace of Rana Sanga.

Question 4.
How did Rana Sanga try to persuade Mirabai?
Ans.
Rana Sanga was rather soft and polite while behaving with Mirabai. He advised her to stop too much brooding. He told her to play with children, mixed with women and get ornaments to wear. He warned that unless she stopped worshipping Lord Krishna, there would not be peace between him and her.

Question 5.
When Sanjogta says, “The clouds are heavy. There is thunder in the air.” the nurse replies, “inside the palace and without.” Explain her reply.
Answer:
The nurse gave a hint that everything is against Mirabai inside the palace. Mirabai’s life is in danger. She has no fiiends. Both Rana Sanga and Rani are totally against her. She may be poisoned to death. She cannot take food prepared by anybody but her nurse. Her only well-wisher Jaimall has been driven out of the palace. The thunder implies those bad times facing Mirabai inside the palace.

Question 6.
“That was a trick to lure some secret out of you,” says the nurse. What was the trick and who played it?
Answer:
The wicked Rani played the trick to cause more trouble to Mirabai. The trick was played by the maid-servant on behalf of Rani. The servant wanted to get a token of love from Mirabai for her cousin Jaimall. The gift : was to be exploited to malign both Jaimall and Mirabai. Rani would have showed that sign as a proof of romance between the cousins.

Question 7.
Why did the nurse scream when the Charnamrit was sent to Mirabai? Having drunk it, what does Mirabai mean when she says, “I paid in full ”?
Answer:
Charnamrit is in fact holy water. It is collected while giving a bath to a god. But the golden cup contained not charnamrit but poison. The nurse’s suspicion was correct. But God willed it otherwise. That poison had no adverse effect on Mirabai. The hymn sung by Mirabai means that i she has paid for Krishna the greatest price of all. She had agreed to drink poison and die in order to prove her love for Krishna. There could not be a higher price than one’s own life.

Question 8.
Who was Bhojraj? Why was he unhappy?
Answer:
Bhojraj was the son of Rana Sanga, the ruler of Mewar. He had been married to Mirabai, who was a devotee of Lord Krishna. As a bride she could not pay much attention to her husband and family. Instead she , used to spend too much of her time in worshipping Lord Krishna. At the I time of marriage with Bhojraj, she went round die image of Krishna three times. Bhojraj was very upset and unhappy.

(D) Answer the following questions in about 150 words each:

Question 1.
Describe the qualities of Mirabai as revealed in the play.
Answer:
Mirabai belonged to the royal house of Mewar or Merta. At the age of six her mother had dedicated her to Lord Krishna. She used to play with and love the image of Krishna as children love toys. At the time of her marriage with Bhojraj, son of Rana Sanga of Mewar, she went round the image of Krishna three times. Her only well-wisher in the court was Raja Jaimall, her brave cousin from Merta. She was protected from harm by her two female attendants – Sanjogta and an old nurse.

She spent too much of her time to her devotion. She worshipped Lord Krishna. She had brought Krishna’s image from Merta. She used to talk with the image as though to living god. She wrote verses in Krishna’s honour and praise. This displeased even her husband and her in-laws. She was just a lovely girl of sixteen when the incident narrated in the play took place. She was sorry that all her well-wishers suffered disgrace on her account. She had no interest in jewellery and no fear of death. Once she presented her bare neck to Rana Sanga to be cut off. Next time she drank off all the poison sent by the Rana Sanga and Rani. But no harm came to her because she was as pure as a white lotus.

Question 2.
State the theme of the one-act play ‘Mirabai’?
Answer:

Scene I

This scene opens in a room in the palace of Rana Sanga. Rana Sanga is the ruler of Mewar. The middle-aged Prince, looks older because of the many wounds he had received in battles. He is crippled. Rana Sanga is talking with his wife, the Rani and the son Bhojraj. Jaimall a Kinsman of Mirabai from Merta also stands there in anxious attention. He is a youngman and the confidante of Rana Sanga. They all are perturbed at the moment. The Rani is angry and Bhojraj is unhappy, The point at issue is the behaviour of Mirabai. She is only 16 years old. She is the wife of Rana Sanga’s son Bhojraj and a devotee of Lord Krishna.

Rana Sanga blames the parents o Mirabai lor turning Mirahai ‘s attention to religion when she should have been at play. [be Rani reminds Rana Sanga how she had always opposed the idea of taking a bride from Mena. Bhojraj’s complaint against his wil Mirabai is that she prays far too much. Rana Sanga sees no fault in that so long as Mirabat does her duty as a wedded wife and remains blameless morally. Ran, gives a hint that Mirabai is characterless Her hint is that Mirabai has an affair with her cousin Jaimall. But this ‘iew is not shared by Mirabais husband. Rani draws the attention of all the family members to the fact that on her wedding day. Mira had walked three times around the image of Lord Krishna.

It was shocking because it amounted to her marrying Lord Krishna. Jaimall defends Mirabai. He points out that she has always been loving the image of Lord Krishna as other children love their toys. Rani is angry at his interference. She questions him what has Mirabai to do with him. She charges him with misguiding Mirahai. Rana asks her to keep quiet. Then he asks his son Bhojraj what he has to say against his wife Mirabai. Bhojraj complains that Mirabai spends a lot of time at devotions of Lord Krishna. She writes holy poems and does nothing to please him. Rani complains that Mirabai disobeys her orders and wishes. When Jaimall cqntradicts this allegation, She is furious again She wants him to get away. She calls him vain of his noble birth. Rana Sanga remarks that Jaimall’s pride is excusable because he comes of a royal family.

Bhojraj also takes a firm stand his mother’s allegation that Mirabat has any romance towards her cousin. He tells his mother that she is most unfair to his wife Miraba: Rani’ another allegation against Mirabai is that she has refused to meditate Durga, the Goddess of the house. The Rana supports his wife and decides to question Mirabai about it. Rani with tears asks him to be firm while dealing with Mirabai. Bhojraj quits the palace. The Rana is hopeful that Mirabai will remain polite and gentle, but Rani knows that Mirabai is tough as granite.

She retires into an inner chamber.Mirabai’s arrives and stands before the Rana with bent head and folded
hands. Rana asks her to send away her attendants. She is frightened. Mirabai requests that her old nurse may be allowed to stay with her. Rana Sanga grants the request but he wants the nurse to face away from them. He starts cross questioning her. He wants to know if she has been defying the Rani. She submits that she has been paying due respect and honour.

His second question is about her religious learnings. She worships Lord Krishna and not Durga, the guardian of their spiritual strength. She submits that it is question of personal faith. The Rana calls it an act of defiance. But she contends that she will die if she is not allowed to worship Lord Krishna. The Rana becomes soft and advises her to stop too much, of brooding. It tells her to play with children, mix with women and get ornaments to wear Fie warns that unless she stops worshipping Lord Krishna. there would not be peace between him and her. Mirabai bares her neck and offers herself to be done to death. He feels awkward. He thinks that she is mad and dismisses her. His parting advice is that she should give up her sickly habit and prepare herself to bear children.

Scene II

The Scene is in a room of Rana Sanga’s palace assigned to Princes Mirabai. Among her companions one is Sanjogta. She has followed her from Merta. Then there is an old nurse. She is at the moment stringing some gold beads. Sanjogta remarks that the weather is stormy with thundering clouds in the sky. The nurse adds that the weather conditions are equally bad inside the palace also. Mirabai has been living like a prisoner in her apartment for three days. The Rani is up to some further mischief. The nurse prays to God for the safety and security of Mirabai. The little saint who/is as pure as white lotus.

Sanjogta recalls an incident. Once her mother had slapped her because she did not have the luck to go to Mewar’s Royal House as a bride. The nurse calls her fortunate. She points out how difficult the life of Mirabai is. The Rani hates her, envies her beauty and is jealous even for her son. Mirabai is facing the danger of being poisoned. The nurse gives Mirabai food prepared all by herself. She has no friends with in the palace. The Rani has no love for those from Merta. The nurse laments that Mirabai is obstinate and refuses to repent if only to pacify the Rana.

Just then a maid servant brings a basket of fruit for Mirabai. Mirabai is busy in singing her prayer, as if she were speaking to some dear friend or lover. She refuses to believe that she is all alone inside. The maid servant wishes to hand over a message from Raja Jaimall to Mirabai. She refuses to give it to anyone except Mirabai. She is ready to be slapped as she had been the other day. She declares that she will wait until Mirabai comes out of her room. Mirabai comes out of her room. She has grown very thin. The servant gives her the message that Jaimall wants some token of lover from her.

Mirabai tells that she does not need anything as help from her cousin. When the servant is gone, the nurse ealls her a wicked woman whose job is to poison the Rani’s ears. She was an emissary of the Rani and not of Raja Jaimal. The nurse curses the day when they left. Their state for Mewar. But Mirabai does not grumble. She calls it a part of their destiny. She says that her mother had dedicated her to Lord Krishna when she was only six years old. But her devotion to her lord is causing hardships to all those who love her. She is sorry for brave Jaimall who has suffered disgrace and driven out of Mewar on her account.

Outside a dispute is taking place between the guards and some women. Soon two female attendants enter, carrying a tray with a golden cup standing on it. They say that this charnamrit is from the Rana Sanga, Lord of Mewar. The nurse raises a hue and screams that Mira will hot drink from the Rana’s, She knows very well that it is poison. Sanjogta also starts sobbing. She wants to drink it herself. But Mirabai does not allow her to do so. She agrees to drink the contents of the cup herself because only a person from royal family is entitled to drink it. She lifts the cup to her lips. She is ready to die. She drinks it off at one go. But a miracle takes place. The poison does not affect her at all. She goes on chanting her prayer. She says that she has bought her Lord Krishna at a price which some call too high and other call to small. But she has paid to him her life, her love, her soul and her all.

Speaking Activity

A. Develop a short conversation between two classmates on what Mirabai needed to do on being sent the poisoned charnamrit.
Answer:
Do yourself.

Writing Skill

B. Comment on Mirabai’s statement ‘One’s faith is one’s own’.
Answer:
Mirabai’s statement ‘one’s faith is one’s own’ is very much true to the fact. It shows that everyone is an individual and thinks in his own way. He has his own conscience. In order to establish his own identity one must nourish his own ideas, belief and thought. It may be the case of one’s living, behaviour and faith. One this is very much clear that one’s faith or behaviour is not meant to hurt anyone else. One should never put under pressure to follow a path of religion or any other value or thought.

Think it Over

A.Think of other famous women characters from Indian history and prepare a brief sketch of their exemplary qualities.
Answer:
Aslo other woman warrier in history of India has made such a powerful impact on the mind of the Indian people as the Rani of Jhansi, Laxmi Bai. Her heroic battle against the British has become the subjects of may folk songs and ballads all over the country. Her indomitable sport as a fighter for the independence of her country was appreciated even by her enemies. Rani Laxmi Bai did fighting bravely for the sake of her country. The Rani of Jhansi became the most popular leader of the first war of Independence (1857). The British forces under the leadership of Sir Hugh Roze besieged Jhansi. The Rani commanded her forces bravely. But unfortunately she was surrounded from all sides and so, she tried to organise a retreat. While doing so was fatally wounded and breathed her last on the battlefield.

B. Is there any right in the constitution of modern India relating to freedom of faith? How does it relate to Mirabai?
Answer:
There is a provision of such a right under Indian constitution in the category of fundamental. It provides the freedom of religion and faith. There is no compulsion or pressure to any one in democratic set-up to follow a certain religion. Everyone has a right to choose a religion of his own choice.

In this case Mirabai appears to be a genuine citizen who could have go to the court of law to beg for justice. For she was compelled to follow the religion of her-in-laws’ family. The .Constitution provides constitutional I remedies against the violation of any of the fundamental rights.

Things to Do

A. Mirabai should be exacted in front of the class. Two terms may be chosen, one for each scene.
Answer:
Scene I – Scene II
Rana Sanga – Nurse
Rani – Sanjogta
‘Bhojraj – Servant
Jaimall – Mirabai
Female attendant (non-speaking) – Two female attendant (one non-speaking)
Mirabai
Nurse (non-speaking)
Following instructions should be given beforehand:

• Read the whole scene, not just their own part
• Read the stage directions relating to their part as given in parentheses
• Read and understand directions on characterization

Answer:
For self attempt.

B. Frame a dialogue between Akbar and Birbal, based oh anyone of Birbal’s well-known witticism and enact it before the class. Birbal was late one day – Akbar asked the reason – Birbal’s son didn’t let him go – Akbar laughed and wanted to show Birbal how to deal with the child – Emperor Akbar ordered for a sugarcane the child wanted to eat – the child wanted the whole sugarcane instead of the pieces – he wanted the same pieces put together – Akbar agreed to Birbal’s logic that it is not easy to satisfy a child.
Answer:
For self attempt.

C. Go through the text of E.L.Turnbull’s another one-act play, Rana Pratap and find out the description of Rana Pratap’s heroic qualities.
Answer:
Rana Pratap was one of the most heroic personalities. He was the King of Mewar. He was the only Rajput King who fought against the great Mughal King Akbar. Akbar made marital relationships with the Rajput Kings in order to expand the boundaries of his empire. Again and again he Ip tried to control over Rana Pratap’s kingdom. But he failed. Rana never surrounded before him. He spent his days in forest and had to eat the bread of grass. Slavery was not suited to him. He led to free life. His name adds a glory to Indian history.

Mirabai  Summary in English

Scene I

This scene opens in a room in the palace of Rana Sanga. Rana Sanga is the ruler of Mewar. The middle-aged Prince, looks older because of the many wounds he had received in battles. He is crippled. Rana Sanga is talking with his wife, the Rani and the son Bhojraj. Jaimall a Kinsman of Mirabai from Merta also stands there in anxious attention. He is a youngman and the confidante of Rana Sanga. They all are perturbed at the moment. The Rani is angry and Bhojraj is unhappy, The point at issue is the behaviour of Mirabai. She is only 16 years old. She is the wife of Rana Sanga’s son Bhojraj and a devotee of Lord Krishna.

Rana Sanga blames the parents o Mirabai lor turning Mirahai ‘s attention to religion when she should have been at play. [be Rani reminds Rana Sanga how she had always opposed the idea of taking a bride from Mena. Bhojraj’s complaint against his wil Mirabai is that she prays far too much. Rana Sanga sees no fault in that so long as Mirabat does her duty as a wedded wife and remains blameless morally. Ran, gives a hint that Mirabai is characterless Her hint is that Mirabai has an affair with her cousin Jaimall. But this ‘iew is not shared by Mirabais husband. Rani draws the attention of all the family members to the fact that on her wedding day. Mira had walked three times around the image of Lord Krishna.

It was shocking because it amounted to her marrying Lord Krishna. Jaimall defends Mirabai. He points out that she has always been loving the image of Lord Krishna as other children love their toys. Rani is angry at his interference. She questions him what has Mirabai to do with him. She charges him with misguiding Mirahai. Rana asks her to keep quiet. Then he asks his son Bhojraj what he has to say against his wife Mirabai. Bhojraj complains that Mirabai spends a lot of time at devotions of Lord Krishna. She writes holy poems and does nothing to please him. Rani complains that Mirabai disobeys her orders and wishes. When Jaimall cqntradicts this allegation, She is furious again She wants him to get away. She calls him vain of his noble birth. Rana Sanga remarks that Jaimall’s pride is excusable because he comes of a royal family.

Bhojraj also takes a firm stand his mother’s allegation that Mirabat has any romance towards her cousin. He tells his mother that she is most unfair to his wife Miraba: Rani’ another allegation against Mirabai is that she has refused to meditate Durga, the Goddess of the house. The Rana supports his wife and decides to question Mirabai about it. Rani with tears asks him to be firm while dealing with Mirabai. Bhojraj quits the palace. The Rana is hopeful that Mirabai will remain polite and gentle, but Rani knows that Mirabai is tough as granite.

She retires into an inner chamber.Mirabai’s arrives and stands before the Rana with bent head and folded
hands. Rana asks her to send away her attendants. She is frightened. Mirabai requests that her old nurse may be allowed to stay with her. Rana Sanga grants the request but he wants the nurse to face away from them. He starts cross questioning her. He wants to know if she has been defying the Rani. She submits that she has been paying due respect and honour.

His second question is about her religious learnings. She worships Lord Krishna and not Durga, the guardian of their spiritual strength. She submits that it is question of personal faith. The Rana calls it an act of defiance. But she contends that she will die if she is not allowed to worship Lord Krishna. The Rana becomes soft and advises her to stop too much, of brooding. It tells her to play with children, mix with women and get ornaments to wear Fie warns that unless she stops worshipping Lord Krishna. there would not be peace between him and her. Mirabai bares her neck and offers herself to be done to death. He feels awkward. He thinks that she is mad and dismisses her. His parting advice is that she should give up her sickly habit and prepare herself to bear children.

Scene II

The Scene is in a room of Rana Sanga’s palace assigned to Princes Mirabai. Among her companions one is Sanjogta. She has followed her from Merta. Then there is an old nurse. She is at the moment stringing some gold beads. Sanjogta remarks that the weather is stormy with thundering clouds in the sky. The nurse adds that the weather conditions are equally bad inside the palace also. Mirabai has been living like a prisoner in her apartment for three days. The Rani is up to some further mischief. The nurse prays to God for the safety and security of Mirabai. The little saint who/is as pure as white lotus.

Sanjogta recalls an incident. Once her mother had slapped her because she did not have the luck to go to Mewar’s Royal House as a bride. The nurse calls her fortunate. She points out how difficult the life of Mirabai is. The Rani hates her, envies her beauty and is jealous even for her son. Mirabai is facing the danger of being poisoned. The nurse gives Mirabai food prepared all by herself. She has no friends with in the palace. The Rani has no love for those from Merta. The nurse laments that Mirabai is obstinate and refuses to repent if only to pacify the Rana.

Just then a maid servant brings a basket of fruit for Mirabai. Mirabai is busy in singing her prayer, as if she were speaking to some dear friend or lover. She refuses to believe that she is all alone inside. The maid servant wishes to hand over a message from Raja Jaimall to Mirabai. She refuses to give it to anyone except Mirabai. She is ready to be slapped as she had been the other day. She declares that she will wait until Mirabai comes out of her room. Mirabai comes out of her room. She has grown very thin. The servant gives her the message that Jaimall wants some token of lover from her.

Mirabai tells that she does not need anything as help from her cousin. When the servant is gone, the nurse ealls her a wicked woman whose job is to poison the Rani’s ears. She was an emissary of the Rani and not of Raja Jaimal. The nurse curses the day when they left. Their state for Mewar. But Mirabai does not grumble. She calls it a part of their destiny. She says that her mother had dedicated her to Lord Krishna when she was only six years old. But her devotion to her lord is causing hardships to all those who love her. She is sorry for brave Jaimall who has suffered disgrace and driven out of Mewar on her account.

Outside a dispute is taking place between the guards and some women. Soon two female attendants enter, carrying a tray with a golden cup standing on it. They say that this charnamrit is from the Rana Sanga, Lord of Mewar. The nurse raises a hue and screams that Mira will hot drink from the Rana’s, She knows very well that it is poison. Sanjogta also starts sobbing. She wants to drink it herself. But Mirabai does not allow her to do so. She agrees to drink the contents of the cup herself because only a person from royal family is entitled to drink it. She lifts the cup to her lips. She is ready to die. She drinks it off at one go. But a miracle takes place. The poison does not affect her at all. She goes on chanting her prayer. She says that she has bought her Lord Krishna at a price which some call too high and other call to small. But she has paid to him her life, her love, her soul and her all.

Mirabai Summary in Hindi

दृश्य – I

यह दृश्य मेवाड़ के राणा सांगा के राजमहल के एक कमरे का है। अधेड़ आयु के राजा से अधिक वृद्ध दिखाई दे रहे हैं क्योंकि उन्होंने अनेक युद्धों में बहुत से घाव खाये हैं। वह अपंग हैं। वह अपनी पत्नी तथा अपने बेटे भोजराज से बातचीत कर रहे हैं। मीराबाई का रिश्ते का भाई जयमल भी वहाँ खड़ा है। वह एक वीर युवक है तथा राजा का विश्वासपात्र है। सभी इस समय बेचेन से हैं। रानी क्रोधित है और भोजराज अप्रसन्न। झगड़े का कारण है भक्तिन मीराबाई का आचरण जो मात्र 16 वर्ष की है। वह भोजराज की पत्नी है और कृष्ण की पुजारिन।

इस कार्य के लिए राणा मीराबाई के माता-पिता को दोषी मानते हैं कि उन्होंने बेटी का ध्यान धर्म की ओर लगा दिया जबकि उसे खेलने में रुचि लेनी चाहिये थी। रानी उसे स्मरण दिलाती है कि वह सदैव से ही मेड़ता से दुल्हन लेने का विरोध करती थी। भोजराज को अपनी पत्नी से शिकायत यह है कि वह पूजापाठ अधिक करती है। राणा को इसमें कोई बुरी बात दिखाई नहीं देती जब तक मौरा अपने पत्नी होने का कर्तव्य निभाती है तथा नैतिक रूप से दोषरहित रहती है। रानी संकेत देती है कि मीरा दुष्चरित्र है। उसका आशय यह है कि मीरों का अपने रिश्ते के भाई जयमल से अवैध संबंध है। किन्तु इस बात से मीरा का पति सहमत नहीं है। रानी सबका इस तथ्य की ओर ध्यान दिलाती है कि अपने विवाह के दिन ही मीरा ने तीन बार कृष्ण की मर्ति के फेरे लिये थे। यह बरी बात थी क्योंकि इसका अर्थ है कृष्ण से विवाह करना।

जयमल मीरा का पक्ष लेता है। वह बताता है कि मीरा उसी प्रकार से सदैव कृष्ण को प्यार करती रही है जैसे अन्य बच्चे अपने खिलौनों से करते हैं। रानी इस हस्तक्षेप से क्रोधित हो जाती है। वह उससे प्रश्न करती है कि तुम्हारा मीराबाई से क्या लेना-देना। वह आरोप लगाती है कि तुम मीरा को बहका रहे हो। राणा उसे चुप कराते हैं। फिर वह अपने बेटे से पूछते हैं कि तुम्हें अपनी पत्नी के विरुद्ध क्या कहना है। भोजराज शिकायत करता है कि मीरा अपना सारा समय भक्ति में लगाती है। वह भजन लिखती है तथा उसे प्रसन्न करने के लिए कोई काम नहीं करती। रानी को शिकायत है कि मीरा उनकी अवज्ञा करती है। जब जयमल इस आरोप को काटता है तो रानी पुनः नाराज हो जाती है। वह चाहती है कि जयमल वहाँ से चला जाये। वह कहती है कि इस व्यक्ति को अपने उच्च कुल में जन्म लेने पर बहुत गर्व है। राणा सांगा चाहते हैं कि जयमल का गर्व क्षम्य है क्योंकि वह राजपरिवार से संबंध रखता है। भोजराज भी अपनी माँ के आरोप का विरोध करता है कि मीरा का अपने भाई से कोई प्रेम-संबंध है। वह माँ को कहता है कि तुम मीरा के साथ अन्याय कर रही हो।

रानी का मीराबाई के विरुद्ध दूसरा आरोप यह है कि उसने दुर्गा माता की पूजा करने से इंकार कर दिया जो कि इस परिवार की ईष्ट देवी हैं। राणा अपनी पत्नी का समर्थन करता है तथा मीरा से इस बारे में पूछताछ करने का निर्णय लेता है। रानी आँसू भी आँखों से अपने पति से कहती है कि मीरा से बात करते समय कठोर बने रहना। भोजराज वहाँ से चला जाता है। राणा को आशा है कि मीरा विनयशील बनी रहेगी किन्तु रानी जानती है कि मीरा ग्रेनाइट पत्थर की भाँति कठोर है। वह अंदर कमरे में चली जाती है।

मीरा आती है और अपना शीश झुकाये हाथ जोड़े राणा के सामने खड़ी हो जाती है। राणा कहते हैं कि अपनी दासियों को वापस भेज दो। वह भयभीत हो जाती है। वह विनती करनी है कि बूढी नर्स को यहीं ठहरने दिया जाये। राणा यह विनती स्वीकार कर लेते हैं किन्तुं चाहते हैं कि नर्स अपना मुंह उन लोगों से दूसरी ओर कर ले। वह मीरा से प्रश्न करते हैं। वह जानना चाहते हैं कि क्या तुम रानी की आज्ञा का पालन करने से इंकार करती हो। मीरा कहती है कि मैं उन्हें सदैव उचित सम्मान देती हूँ तथा उनके प्रति विनयशीलता दिखाती हूँ। राणा का दूसरा प्रश्न मीरा की धार्मिक वृत्ति के संबंध में है। मीरा कृष्ण की भक्ति करती है, दुर्गा की पूजा नहीं करती जो कुल की शक्ति की अभिभावक हैं।

मीरा कहती है कि यह तो व्यक्ति की आस्था का प्रश्न है। राणा इसे अवज्ञा कहते हैं। किन्तु वह कहती है कि यदि मुझे कृष्ण की पूजा करने से रोका गया तो मैं मर जाऊँगी। राणा नर्म पड़ जाते हैं तथा परामर्श देते हैं कि अधिक पूजा-पाठ चिन्तन-मनन त्याग दो। वह कहते हैं कि बच्चों के साथ खेलो, महिलाओं के बीच उठो-बैठो तथा आभूषण धारण करो। वह चेतावनी देते हैं कि यदि तुम कृष्ण की भक्ति नहीं त्यागती तो मेरे-तुम्हारे बीच शांति नहीं रह पायेगी। मीरा अपनी गर्दन खोल देती है तथा कहती है उसे काट दो। राणा को शर्म आ जाती है। वह सोचते हैं मीरा दीवानी है और वह उसे जाने का आदेश देते हैं। उनका अंतिम परामर्श यह है कि अपनी बीमारों जैसी आदतें त्याग दो तथा वंश वुद्धि के लिए तैयार हो जाओ।

दृश्य – II

यह दृश्य राणा सांगा के राजमहल में मौराबाई के निवास में एक कमरे का है। उसकी सहेलियों में एक लड़की संयोगिता है जो मेड़ता से ही उसके साथ आई है इसके अतिरिक्त एक वृद्ध नर्स भी है जो सोने के मनकों को धागे में पिरो रही है। संयोगिता कहती है कि मौसम तूफान वाला हो रहा है तथा आकाश में मेघ गरज रहे हैं। नर्स कहती है कि मौसम की स्थिति महल के अंदर भी उतनी खराब है। मीरा तीन दिनों से अपने निवास में बंदियों जैसी स्थिति में रह रही है। रानी फिर कोई नई शैतानी की योजना बना रही है। नर्स ईश्वर से मीरा की सुरक्षा की विनती करती है जो एक छोटी-सी साध्वी है, इतनी विशुद्ध जितनी कि श्वेत कमल होता है।

संयोगिता एक घटना स्मरण करती है। एक बार उसकी माँ ने उसे थप्पड़ मार दिया था क्योंकि बेटी इतनी भाग्यवान पैदा नहीं हुई कि राजकुल की दुल्हन बनकर चली जाती। नर्स कहती है तुम भाग्यशाली हो। वह बताती है कि मेरा जीवन कितना कठिन हो गया है। रानी माँ को उससे घृणा है। उसकी सुंदरता से डाह है तथा अपने बेटे से भी ईर्ष्या है। मीरा को भय है कि कहीं उसे विष न दे दिया जाये। नर्स स्वयं अपने हाथों से बना भोजन ही मौरा को खिलाती है। मीरा का राजमहल में कोई भी सगा नहीं है। रानी का मेवाड़ के किसी भी व्यक्ति से प्यार नहीं है। नर्स दुःख से कहती है कि मीरा हठी है और वह राणा को शांत करने के लिये भी पश्चाताप का दिखावा करने में इंकार करती है।

तभी एक सेविका मीरा के लिये फलों की टोकरी लेकर आती है। वह मीरा को अपने अंदर वाले कक्ष में बोलते सुनती है। वह संदेह करती है कि मीरा अपने प्रेमी से वार्तालाप कर रही है। वह बात को मानने से इंकार करती है कि मीरा अंदर कमरे में अकेली है। वह मीरा के लिये जयमल का एक संदेश लेकर आई है। वह यह संदेश मीरा के अतिरिक्त किसी अन्य को देने से इंकार करती है वह पुनः उसी प्रकार से थप्पड खाने को तैयार है जैसा कि उसने पिछली बार खाया था। वह कहती है कि मीरा के कक्ष से बाहर आने तक वह प्रतीक्षा करेगी। मीरा बाहर निकलती है। वह बहुत दुबली हो गयी है। सेविका उसे संदेश देती है कि जयमल तुमसे प्यार कर प्रतीक पाना चाहता है। मीरा उसे बताती है कि उसे जयमल से किसी प्रकार की सहायता प्राप्त करने की आवश्यकता नहीं है। उसके जाने के बाद नर्स कहती है कि यह बहुत दुष्ट औरत है। इसका काम रानी के कानों में जहर घोलना है।

राजा जयमल की नहीं रानी की दूत बनकर आई थी। नर्स उस दिन को कोसती है जब उन लोगों ने मेवाड़ छोड़ा था। किन्तु मीराबाई कोई शिकायत नहीं करती। वह कहती है कि यह सब अपनी-अपनी किस्मत है। मीराबाई बताती है, कि मेरी माँ ने मुझे कृष्ण को समर्पित कर दिया था जब मैं केवल छह वर्ष की थी। किन्तु मेरी भक्ति के कारण मेरे हमदर्द लोगों को कष्ट भोगना पड़ रहा है। उसे वीर जयमल के लिए दुःख है। उसी के कारण उसको न केवल अपमान सहना पड़ा वरन् मेवाड़ से भी बाहर जाना पड़ा।

बाहर रक्षकों तथा कुछ महिलाओं के बीच कहासुनी हो रही है। शीघ्र ही दो महिला सेविकाएँ एक तश्तरी में रखे स्वर्ण प्यालों को लेकर प्रवेश करती हैं। वे कहती हैं कि यह राणा सांगा द्वारा भेजा गया चरणामृत है। नर्स चीखती है कि मीरा उसे नहीं पियेगी। वह भली-भांति जानती है कि यह विष है। संयोगिता रोने लगती है। वह इस विष का पान स्वयं करना चाहती है। किन्तु मीरा उसे ऐसा नहीं करने देती। वह कहती है इस प्याले का रस मैं स्वयं पियूँगी क्योंकि राजवंश के व्यक्ति को ही इसे पीने का अधिकार है। वह प्याला अपने होठों से लगा लेती है। वह मरने को तैयार हो जाती है। वह एक घंट में सारा विष पी जाती है। किन्तु एक चमत्कार घटित होता है। विष का मीरा पर कोई प्रभाव नहीं होता। वह अपना भजन गुनगुनाती रहती है। वह कहती है कि मैंने भगवान कृष्ण को ऐसा मूल्य देकर खरीदा है जिसे कुछ लोग तो अधिक कहते हैं और कुछ बहुत कम। किन्तु मैंने तो उन्हें अपना जीवन, अपना प्यार, अपनी आत्मा, अपना सर्वस्व देकर प्राप्त किया है।

Mirabai Word Meaning

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MP Board Class 11th English A Voyage Solutions Chapter 18 King Porus – A Legend of Old (Michael M. Dutta)

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 King Porus – A Legend of Old Textual Exercises

Word Power

(a) The poet has used a figure of speech simile in abundance throughout the poem. A simile is a departure from the ordinary form of expression in order to produce a greater effect. In a simile a comparison is made between two objects of different kinds which have however at least one point in common. The simile is usually introduced by such words as like, as or so. Here are some examples from 1st 14 lines.

• The lightning flashed bright dazzling, like Fair, woman’s glance from neath her veil.
• Came in stealthy step of death, came as the tiger, noiseless, slow,
• This war of elements, was nurst

Like to an earthquake in the womb of a volcano, deep and low. Reread the stanzas that follow and pick all the simile’s that appear in the poem and explain them in your own words bringing out the similar features/characteristics of the two things being compared.
Answer:
Some of the examples of simile in the poem are the following:

(b) The poet has beautifully woven In a number of adjectives as epithets to bring out the quality of the noun it is used for. Explain the following expressions in sentences of your to bring out their meaning.
Troubled air, moaning sound, unsuspecting sons, heedless slumber, stealthy step, dreadful yell, gory altar, hardy sons, regal diadem, angry winds, burning gaze, lashing billows, gaping wounds, noble blood, generous rival, flittering crowd.
Answer:

• Troubled air—(unfavourable situation): He faced the troubled air bravely.
• Moaning sound—(worried): There was a moaning sound in my neighbourhood and so I went there.
• Unsuspecting sons—(doubtless loyalty): His army-men were unsuspecting sons.
• Heedless Slumber—(sound sleep): There were in heedless slumber.
• Stealthy Step—(secretly): The criminals entered the house with stealthy step.
• Dreadful Yell-(fearful cry): He made a dreadful yell when he saw a tiger.
• Gory Altar-(after covered with blood): Jesus was crucified on a gory altar.
• Hardy Sons-( rigorous men): India has produced so many hardy sons.
• Regal Diadem-(a special crown): Alexander was wearing a regal diadem.
• Angry Winds-(stormy situation): Sometimes we have to face angry winds in life.
• Burning Gaze-(fiery look): King Porus had a burning gaze in his – eyes.
• Lashing Billows-(stormy waves): King was not affected by the lashing billows of enemies.
• Gaping Wounds-(big injuries): He got many gaping wounds in the battle.
• Noble Blood-(high decency): He belongs to a noble blood.
• Generous Rival-(open hearted enemy): Alexander proved himself to be a generous rival.
• Flittering Crewd-(curios audience): The flittering crowd was amazed to see Alexander’s decision.

Comprehension

(A) Write answer to the following questions in three or four sentences:

Question 1.
How does the poet describe the heroic King Porus in the battle-field?
Answer:
The heroic King Porus was like a lion. He was full of triumphant feeling. He was fiery and brave in his fight.

Question 2.
What did Alexander do when he saw Porus fighting on with his gaping wounds?
Answer:
Alexander was really great. When he saw gaping wounds of King Porus bleeding, he cried, “Desist-desist! such noble blood should not be shed.

Question 3.
Porus is compared to a chained lion as he walks to the Macedonian King. What qualities of Porus is the poet trying to highlight?
Answer:
The poet is trying to highlight Porus’s tremendous qualities. Porus was brave and confident. He faught with all his might to save his kingdom. His personality overpower all. He was the real king.

Question 4.
Why does the poet says ‘Thus India’s crown was lost and won’? Explain.
Answer:
The poet glorifies India’s winning culture. Indian army faced the enemy with all bravery without caring their own self. However they were defeated. But the’confidence of King Porus made Alexander feel that he was not a coward. Alexander at last honoured king Porus and returned his kingdom with all praise.

Question 5.
What quality of Alexander is also inherent in his act of forgiveness?
Answer:
Alexander’s act of forgiveness proves that he was a man of great soul. He himself was brave and knew how to honour bravery. He was a considerate person. He realized King Poms’ greatness.

(B) Explain the following stanzas in your own words:

Question 1.
“but, Ind! thy unsuspecting sons did heedless slumber,
while the foe came in stealthy step of death.”
Answer:
These lines highlight the glorious situation and the life of the people of -Ind. It was carefree and people enjoyed heedless slumber. But in the midst of this heedless slumber, Ind was attacked by Alexander.

Question 2.
But dauntlessly there stood King Porus, towering midst the toe,
Like a Himala-peak with its eternal crown of snow.
Answer:
These lines highlight the towering personality of King Porus. He was brave. He was at all worried or fearful even among the enemies. He was full of confidence and standing like a Himalayan peak with his eternal glory.

Question 3.
Tho ‘thousands’ round him closed,
He stood-as stands the ocean rock
Amids the lashing billows
Unmoved at their fierce thundering shock.
Answer:
These lines highlight King Porus’s character. He was courageous. He was’standing like ocean rock admist the lashing billows. He was quiet and unmoved. Even in the enemies’ camp. His presence was like a fierce thundering shock for the enemies.

Question 4.
‘How should I treat thee?’ asked the mighty king of Macedon,
‘Ev’n as a king,’ replied
In royal pride, Ind’s haughty son.
Answer:
These lines highlight the confidence of King Porus who replied Alexander very bravely. When Alexander asked him how he should be treated, without being perturbed he replied; that he should be treated as a king. It shows his royal pride.

Speaking Activity

A legend is a story from ancient stories about events and people which may and may not be true A legendary figure is a person who is talked about by many people in a way which shows admiration. The poet calls the poem ‘a Legend of old’ find out other meanings of the word legend and hold a discussion in the class about the poem as a legend. Discuss the following points:

1. What is a legend?
2. Is the poem correctly titled as a legend?
3. Is it a true legend?
4. Does it describe historical facts or its poets imagination only?
Work in groups and share your points with the class in a speech form (five minutes for each group)
Answer:
Do yourself

Writing Activity

(a) What is the rhyming scheme of the poem. Working with the first stanza onwards see if the poet has maintained it throughout the poem. If there is a deviation point it out.
Answer:
There is no regular rhyme-scheme in the poem except at a few places which can’t be called a rhyme scheme.

(b) The poet says that the Tempest in the war of elements was nothing as compared to what followed the next morning compare the two stanzas and how they describe the two happenings.
Answer:
The two incidents that happeped later after the midnight tempest were the fight between the two armies Alexander’s troupe attacked the md’s kingdom. The poet describes it as a deadly scene with thundering,
roaring and dazzling. Alexander’s army defeated King Porus. Later King Porus was brought before Alexander. Porus was not at all fearful. He faced Alexander confidently. He stood there like a Himalayan peak. When Alexander asked him how he should be treated, he replied that he should be treated the a king.

(c) The third stanza describes the milk-white Elephant and Porus fighting his enemy explain the scene in your words bringing out the beauty of epithets used by the poet.
Answer:
The scene of the battlefield has been described with enough of epithets. King Porus was standing like a Himalayan peak wearing eternal crown of snow which symbolizes his grand stature and glorious personality. His mille while elephant was decorated with many brilliant gems. They were fighting bravely like angry winds. All heroic qualities have been shown in King Porus.

Thinks To Do

(A) Read the following poem by Alfred Tennyson and mark the simplicity and depth of emotions. Compare and write a critical appreciation in a paragraph. Based on the following points.
1. Central idea of the poem.
2. What qualities of war heroes are these poems trying to bring out.
3. The rhythm of the poem.
4. Rhyming schemes of the two poems.
5. Special quality of the poem.
(See textbook page 144)
Answer:

1. The central idea of the poem is to highlight patriotic feeling of the army. They are ready to sacrifice their life in order to save their country.
2. The qualities of bravery, patriotism and confidence have been brought out in the poem.
3. The rhythm of the poem is iambic.
4. The rhyme scheme of the two poems differ from each other. The poem ‘King Porus’ has no proper rhyme scheme while ‘The Charge of the Light Brigade’ has a, a, b, e pattern throughout the poem except the first stanza.
5. This poem arouses feeling of patriotism in us.

Explain following expressions and images In your own words.
1. ‘someone had blundered’
2. Canon to the right of them canon to the left of them
3. ‘When can their glory fade’
4. ‘Honour the light Brigade-Noble six hundred.
Answer:
Do yourself.

(B) Find other poems about war and collect them for class discussions.
For example:
(i) incident of the French Camp —R. Browning
(ii) Casabianca —Felicia Hemens
Answer:
Do yourself

A Legend of Old Summary in English

It is a historical poem which narrates the incident of battle between Alexander-the-Great and King Porus. This story is a fine illustration of Indian glory.

The story begins with the battle scene. It was mid-night hour when suddenly the army of Alexander-the-Great attack the Kingdom of Ind. There was thunder and roar all around. It was a fiery scene. The lightning flashed bright. It was dazzling like fair women’s glance from beneath her veil. There was a moaning sound of wail. In this horror the army of Ind came as a tiger, noiseless, slow. It was a ferocious battle, a deadlier storm.

The, king marched with his glorious flag and fought bravely. All his army-men were true to their devotion and fought bravely to save their freedom. It was a bloody battle. But at last the Ind’s army was over powered by Alexander’s troup. The king Porus as standing in the midst of foes like Himalayan peak with its eternal crown of snow. His milk- white elephant was looking like a brilliant gem. Porus was a real hero. Even in his defeat his face was shining dauntlessly. There was no fear on his face.

Kind Porus charged bravely with full confidence. So he was satisfied. Now he was a capture. He was to be presented before Alexander. He was chained.,Alexander was very much impressed with king’s boldness. He honoured him and asked him how he should be treated. Very confidently king Porus replied that he should be treated as a king by a king. Alexander was so much impressed with him that he allowed him freedom and returned his kingdom with all honour. Thus, the India’s crown was lost and owned.

A Legend of Old Summary in Hindi.

यह एक ऐतिहासिक कविता है जिसमें सिकंदर-महान और राजा पोरस के बीच लड़ाई की कहानी है। यह कहानी भारतीय गौरव का एक उत्कृष्ट नमूना है। कहानी की शुरुआत युद्ध के दृश्य से होती है। आधी रात के समय सिकंदर-महान की सेना अचानक ही सिन्ध प्रांत पर हमला बोल देती है। चारों ओर गर्जना फैल जाती है। यह एक ज्वालामयी दृश्य है। बिजली तेजी से चमक रही है। यह ऐसे चमकती है जैसे किसी औरत के चूंघट के अंदर से हल्की झलक दिखाई देती है। चीखने-चिल्लाने की आवाजें भी आती हैं। इस भयानक क्षण में सिंध की सेना चुपचाप धीरे-धीरे बाघ की तरह आयी। बड़ी भयानक लड़ाई थी। यह जानलेवा तूफान था।

राजा अपने गौरवशाली ध्वज के साथ आगे बढ़ा और बहादुरी के साथ लड़ा। उसके सभी सैनिक बहादुरी से अपनी पूरी निष्ठा के साथ अपनी आजादी की रक्षा के लिए लड़े। यह खूनी लड़ाई थी। लेकिन अंत में सिकंदर की सेना ने सिंध की सेना को परास्त कर दिया। राजा पोरस दुश्मनों के बीच हिमालय की चोटी की तरह एक अलौकिक बर्फीला ताज पहने हुए खड़ा था। उसका दूध के समान सफेद हाथी अद्भुत रत्न की तरह दिख रहा था। पोरस एक सच्चा नायक था। अपनी हार में भी उसका चेहरा निर्भयता से चमक रहा था। उसके चेहरे पर जरा भी भय नहीं था।

राजा पोरस पूरे आत्मविश्वास और बहादुरी से लड़ा। अब वह युद्धबंदी था। उसे सिकंदर के सामने पेश होना था। उसे कड़ियों में जकड़ा गया। सिकंदर उसके साहस से बहुत प्रभावित हआ। उसने उसका सम्मान करते हए उससे पूछा कि उसके साथ कैसा व्यवहार किया जाना चाहिए। पूरे आत्मविश्वास के साथ राजा पोरस ने उत्तर दिया कि उसके साथ वैसा ही व्यवहार होना चाहिए जैसा एक राजा दूसरे राजा के साथ करता है। सिकंदर पोरस के इस जवाब से इतना प्रभावित हुआ कि उसने सम्मान से उसे आजाद कर दिया और उसे उसका राज्य भी लौटा दिया। इस तरह भारत का ताज खोकर फिर से वापस आ गया।

A Legend of Old Word Meaning

A Legend of Old Comprehension

Read the following stanzas carefully and answer the questions that follow:

1. Loudly the midnight tempest sang,
Ah! it was thy dirge, fair Liberty!
And clouds in thundering accents roar’d Unheeded warning from on high;
The rain in dark some torrents fell,
Hydaspes’ waves did onwards sweep,
Like fiery passio’s heandlong flow,
To meet th’awaken’d calling deep;

Questions:
(i) Name the poem and the pdet.
(ii) What is talked about in these lines?
(iii) What was the thundring accent?
(iv) What happened at the midnight hour?
(v) What is the meaning of ‘tempest’?
Answers:
(i) The poem is King Porus-A legend of Old and the poet is Michael Maahusudan Dattai
(ii) The great battle between Alexander -The Great and King Poru is talked about in these lines.
(iii) The thundering accent was the roaring sound of the battle.
(iv) The army of Alexander attacked the kingdom of Ind. ruled by the Porus at the midnight hour.
(v) tempest-storm.

2. Then lion-king, each warrior brave
Rushed on the’ coming foe,
To strike for freedom-or the grave!
Oh Death! upon thy gory altar
What blood-libations freely flow’d!
Oh Earth! on that bright mom, what, thousands
Rendered to thee the dust they ow’d!

Questions:
(i) Who is the lion king in this stanza?
(ii) How did the army face the foe?
(iii) Why did they do so?
(iv) What was the fate of Ind’s army?
(v) What is the meaning of ‘rendered’?
Answers:
(i) King Porus is the lion king in this stanza.
(ii) The army rushed on the foe bravely.
(iii) They did so in order to save their freedom and glory.
(iv) Their fate was that they met their defeat and were killed.
(v) rendered-presented something.

3. But dauntlessly there stood
King Porus, towering ‘midst the foe’
Like a Himala-peak
With its eternal crown of snow:
And on his brow did shine
The jewell’d regal diadem.

Questions:
(i) Where was King Porus standing?
(ii) What was his expression?
(iii) What was he compared with?
(iv) How was he looking?
(v) What is the meaning of ‘Jewell’d’?
Answers:
(i) King Porus was standing among the enemies’ army.
(ii) He was dauntless.
(Hi) He was compared with Himalayan peak.
(iv) He was looking grand with his shining face.
(v) JeweH’d-omamented.

4. Like to a lion chain’d
Thattho’ faint-bleeding-stands in pride
With eyes, where unsubdued
Yet flash’d the fire-looks that defied;
King Porus boldly went
Where ‘midst the gay and flittering crowd’
Sat god-like Alexander;

Questions:
(i) Who is compared with a lion chained here?
(ii) How was he looking?
(iii) How did he march on?
(iv) What does the expression ‘god-like’ signify?
(v) Give a word opposite in meaning to ‘cowardly’?
Answers:
(i) King Porus is compared with a lion chained here.
(ii) He was confident and fearless.
(iii) He marched on boldly.
(iv) It signifies the supreme authority.
(v) ‘boldly’.

Above provided complete MP Board Solutions 11th English Study guide is useful for making your preparation effective. Students can frequently visit our page to get the latest updates on other subjects study materials.

Students who are studying 11th can get the free Madhya Pradesh Board Solutions for 11th English Chapter 16 The Captive Air of Chandipur Questions and Answers PDF here. You can download MP Board Class 11th English Solutions Questions and Answers PDF on this page. Practice questions of Mp Board Solutions of 11th English subject as many times as possible to get good marks.

MP Board Class 11th English A Voyage Solutions Chapter 16 The Captive Air of Chandipur (Jayant Mahapatra)

Gather chapter wise MP Board Solutions for 11th English Study Material to score the highest marks in the final exam. Various chapters and subtopics are given clearly in MP Board Class 11th English Solutions Chapter 16 The Captive Air of Chandipur Questions and Answers Material. All the MP Board Solutions for 11th English Questions with detailed answers are provided by subject experts. The step by step MP Board Class 11th English Chapter 16 The Captive Air of Chandipur Questions and Answers guide will help you to enhance your skills in English subject and grammar. Here, along with the subject knowledge, grammar knowledge also plays an important role. So, students should download MP Board Solutions 11th English and read it to attempt all the questions with 100% confidence.

The Captive Air of Chandipur Textual Exercises

Word Power

A. Choose from the text the words related to the sea, e.g, beach.
Answer:
The words related to the sea are-
delta, tide, watercourse, sails, couch, mudflats

B. Notice the derived ‘past participle form of the root verb (drink) as used in the 1st line and ‘present participle form of the root
verb (drift) as used in the 21nd line. Drink (v) – drunk (past participle, adj.) – The drunk driver met with an accident. Drift (y) – drifting (present participle, adj.) – The drifting log in the water saved me from drowning.
Derive the participle forms of the following verbs and use them in sentences of your own:
light, fly, watch, relate, fight, read, rent, teach, reserve, test
Answer:

• Light – lighten – The lighten path led me cross the street smoothly.
• Fly – flying – A flying object was seen in the sky.
• Watch – watching – The watching soldiers were careless.
• Relate – related – There are some related facts in this case.
• Fight – fighting – The fighting soldiers met his death.
• Read – reading – I have purchased a new reading table.
• Rent – rented – We live in a rented house.
• Teach – teaching ~ My brother has opted for a teaching career.
• Reserve – reserved – It is reserveu berth.
• Test – tested – It is a tested case.

C. Look for the words in the text, which are opposite to the meanings given below:
squeezed, blare, concentrate, swallow, pacifying, living, free, praise,
Answer:

• Squeezed – stretched
• Blare – whisper
• Concentrate – baffles
• Swallow – spit
• Pacifying – provocative
• Living – dead
• Free – captive
• Praise – ridicule
• Forgetfulness – memory.

Mark the word coinage, Chandipur-on-sea. Chandipur is a important coastal location in Orissa. To signify the unique geography of the place, such coinages take place. For example,William Shakespeare was born at Stratford-on-Avon.

D. Give some other examples.
Answer:
Palace – on – wheels
Kings – upon – Hull
Mark the use of compound words like watercourse and madflats in the text. A compound word is usually a noun, an adjective or a verb, made of two or more words or parts of words written as one word, sometimes joined by a hyphen.
watercourse (noun): water + course
mudflats (noun): mud + flats

E. Give five such examples:
Answer:

• goodbye — good + bye
• Noonday — noon +day
• Blackboard — black + board
• Busstand — Bus + stand
• Classteacher — class + teacher

Comprehension

A. Choose the correct alternatives and complete the sentences:

Question 1.
The poet describes the sea at
(a) Paradip
(b) Pun
(c) Chandipur
(d) Cochin.
Answer:
(c) Chandipur

Question 2.
The sea spits out the wings of
(a) birds
(b) shells
(c) planes
(d) none of them.
Answer:
(c) planes

Question 3.
The is paralysed through the centuries.
(a) sound
(b) smell
(c) colour
(d) all of them.
Answer:
(b) smell

Question 4.
The shoulders droop like in the noonday sun.
(a) roses
(b) lotuses
(c) marigolds
(d) none of them.
Answer:
(b) lotuses

Question 5.
hat do the sails whisper?
(a) legends
(b) warnings
(c) praises
(d) all of them.
Answer:
(a) legends

Question 6.
The tide floods the
(a) village
(b) river
(c) mudflats
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(c) mudflats

B. Read the following lines from the poem and write answers to the questions that follow:
(i) Who can tell of the songs of this sea that go on to baffle and double the space around our lives?
(a) What does the poet mean by ‘to baffle’?
(b) What is implied by ‘the songs of sea’?
Answer:
(a) Sea appears to be a mystery. It often confuses us. The poet means that sea which is calm works violently and takes lives of fishermen silently.
(b) ‘The song of sea is the tale of struggle of the fishermen and nature. People of Chandipur are destined to die. Still they struggle.

(ii) Of deltas hard and white that stretched once to lure the feet of women bidding their men goodbye?
(a) Why did the deltas lure the feet of women?
(b) Why did the women bid goodbye to men?
Answer:
(a) Delta is the stretch of land piece from where sea water intersect in different branches. Here delta is said to lure the women with new hopes for life.
(b) Because they know the fate of their men which make them bid goodbye to them.

C. Answer the following questions in a few sentences:

Question 1.
What is meant by ‘the ridicule of the dead’?
Answer:
‘The ridicule of the dead’ signifies that the men think themselves – to bowarrier and powerful but they cant beat nature. Sea is all powerful. It takes the lines of fishermen. Hence, this lines mocks men’s might.

Question 2.
Who is the ‘occupant of the silent sigh of the conch’?
Answer:
Fishermen of Chandipur are the occupants of the silent sigh of the conch. They are destined to lose their lives in their struggle against the tide.

Question 3.
Why does the poet call the sea at Chandipur drunk?
Answer:
The sea at Chandipur is called so because it is violent and shows no mercy to the fishermen to struggle against it. The sea overpowers eco whole region.

Question 4.
How do ‘songs of sea’ double the space around our lines?
Answer:
The sea is the killer for the fishermen of Chandipur. The fishermen know the truth and destroy their life. Still they fight. The songs of sea – gives them courage and reminding them the brave struggle of their predecessors.

Question 5 .
Why was the delta stretched?
Ans.
Deltas are the stretches of land amid watercourse from where water intersect into different subsections. Here they stretch out in order to create a new hope in the fishermen.

Question 6.
Why does the poet says that the ground is only a memory now?
Answer:
The poet says that the ground is only a memory now because lives have been lost. The fishermen who went on their struggle did not return. They have been killed.

Question 7.
What has the world lost?
Answer:
The world has lost the lives of the fishermen who had gone on the search of their livelihood. The tide killed them. The violent, merciless sea showed no mercy to them.

D. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each:

Question 1.
Why does the poet say that ‘the song that reaches our ears is our own’?
Answer:
‘The Captive Air of Chandipur-on-Sea’ is a poem that relives the tale’of struggle between Man and Nature in the background of the seascape at Chandipur. It recounts the nostalgia about he lost labour and efforts of our predecessors in the conquest of Nature. The poet with all realistic touches explains how the sea waves wash away the lives of people living at Chandipur The tide swallows them while they are on the search for their livelihood i e for the other purpose in the sea.

They know their fate. Their predecessors had lost their lives while trying to conquer the sea. Nature is all powerful No one can win over it. Hence they are predestined to face whatever comes to them. Still they celebrate their living. They wait for their ill-fait. They sing songs of their misery What they sing echoes in their ears as their own songs.

Question 2.
What does the poet glorify in the poem? Why?
Answer:
This poem is all about the struggle between man and nature. People of Chandipur are all set to meet their fateful end in the sea. They meet their end in the waves of sea. The tide engulf them. Still they struggle for their life They go in the sea in search of their food. Sea is the main source of their life.

They know what the sea has in its. It is their fate. So they don’t mourn. They forget all their woes and miseries. They know how their predecessors lost their lives. Still women come forward to bid goodbye to their men. This is the truth and reality of life, Life comes and goes but nature never ceases to work. This is the main theme which has been highlighted in this poem.

Question 3.
Is the poet happy with his present? Elaborate?
Answer:
This poem is a song of woes and miseries of the life of the people living in the coastal areas of Chandipur. People at Chandipur are fated to die in the tides because they face it while they go in the sea in search of their food. Sea is the main source of their life. Their predecessors have faced the same situation. They know this truth. They can’t this truth. They can’t beat nature. It is unconquerable. Nature is the superpower and moulds the world as it wants.

Life goes on. People come and go. This is the way of life So the people celebrate their life. They enjoy it. Women came to bid goodbye to their men. They sing songs of their loves. They don’t care for the lost life and the fate that is to come to them. So the poet is happy thinking that mourning can’t relieve them from their woes. What is the use of making the present bad with memories of the past. Let us enjoy the present forgetting the past and thinking about the future.

Poetic Deviceds

(See Text book page – 128)

Speaking Activity

A. Narrate in brief a memorable event that inspires you even to¬day. (2 – 3 minutes)
Answer:
Life is a long journey full of mystery. Everyday, every moment we face a new situation. We keep some of them in mind and forget some of them. But we have some so much great incidents that we do not forget lifelong. It is because they inspire us. I would like to talk about such a situation that put a deep impact on my life. One day I was in the market. Suddenly there was a great cry in the middle of the road. An old man was hit by a car. Men in car didn’t stop.

The old man was injured and asking for help. But nobody cared for him. People were busy in their own business. I came near the injured man. I took him to the hospital. It took few’ days to get him well. I regularly visited him. When he was completely relieved. I asked him where he was to go because I had seen no one else coming to see him. The man told me that he had no one to care for him. His only son had settled abroad. I was moved to fell what the hell such old people are living in. They had done everything for the welfare of their children but now the}’ are living a lonely life.

B. Deliver a short speech on the cultured heritage of India. (2-3 minutes) (Work in groups of four or five)
Answer:
India is a land of glorious rich culture. Right from the dawn of civilization we have seen great cultured endowment in the Vedas, Mahabharat, Ramayana and in many other great books. Music and dance are the two great fields of cultured gifts. Which we have inherited from our ancestors. The earliest known treaties of Indian music, dance and drama are as old as second century B.C.

This is Bharat’s Natya Shastra. Much of the musical terminology used till today is derived from Bharat’s treaties.. Music has from time immemorial been one of the most cherished art of India. The growth of Indian classical music had been a major force of India’s cultural unity. Indian people through their music and dance have expressed their joys and sorrows, their struggles and aspirations, and a myriad other emotionsWhile at work during their hours of leisure they have danced, sung and flayed music. These art forms have inspired by life and in turn have enriched life.

Writing Activity

A. Write a letter to your friend describing your visit to a sea-side like the famous Marina Beach in Chennai or Juhu Beach in Mumbai.
Answer:
787, Preet Vihar
Delhi.
17.6.2007
My Dear Amit,
Last week I had been to Mumbai on a short trip during a vacation. As you know it is the famous land of Bollywood. It appears to be really a world of fantasy. I would like to share joys of visiting this city with you. I reached the Victoria Terminus station in the morning. First I located a hotel and stayed there. After a few hours of rest I started for my visit to the city. First I thought to visit the famous Juhu beach which is the most attractive spot for the tourists. When I reached there I w as amazed to see the beautiful sight of nature. People were enjoying the waves at the beach. Long stretch of the sea is really fantastic. I enjoyed the famous Bhelpuri and coconut water and other famous dishes on the beach It was really an exciting experience. Next time I hope you sill also accompany me
Yours
Rohit

B. Write a short paragraph on The Gifts of Nature or Monuments cultured heritage of India.
Answer:
India is a unique country with rich and glorious possession of heritage. From time immemorial it has been ruled by dz kings from different cultures, They molded India in their on way. As a result mixing all of their India could produce such a wonderful culture that still memories the world. Our monuments arc the living examples of it. It reflects different cultures and living in different ages. To name a few there arc monuments like Qutub Minar. Humanyu’s Tomb. Red Fort, India Gate. Rashtrapati Bhawan. Parliament House, They all belong to different cultures and choices of the rulers who got them built. In the same way have ‘victoria Terminus.

Gateav of India. Charminar. Vivekanand Rock Temple and many more Above all we are proud Lo have Taj Mahal which has been designated as the worlds top most wonder. It is superb. India is really proud of having these monuments.

Think it Over

A. Nature has been one of the major influences on the poets. Do you think it gives an opportunity to compare and contrast the ways of mankind?
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Thinks To Do

A. Chandipur-on-Sea is situated in Orrisa. It has been developed into a famous missile testing range. Collect and prepare a report on the geographic profile of Charidipur.
Answer:
Class activity.

B. Read the poem Lines written a kw miles above Tintern Abbey. Find out what the poet, William Wordsworth has to say about Wyc Valley in Great Britain
Answer:
Do it yourself

The Captive Air of Chandipur Summary in English

Portraying the saga of the struggle between man and Nature in the background of the seascape at Chandipur. the poet says that die intoxicated excited Sea spits out covered wings of shells along the beach at Chandipur. It makes the air untidy and spreads stinking smell paralyzing die whole atmosphere. It appears to be a mystery’. No one can unfold the meaning of the Sea that often confuses the women who come these to bid good-bye to the men.

The salt and light and the provocative eye – all are baffling. What is there that scatters the tide in the shadow of this proud sea is beyond one’s understanding. Whether it is a mocking of die dead none can tell clearly. There are legends in the air of the horizon which questions the man who are you. The ground is nothing but only a memory, a turn breath. And we just wait for the tide. Our song itself comes back to us. It brings to us the cries of the fishermen who lost their lives. It is the music of the lives lost in the tide.

The Captive Air of Chandipur Summary in Hindi

मनुष्य और प्रकृति के बीच संघर्ष की गाथा का चित्रण करते हुए कवि कहता है कि मदमस्त और उत्तेजित समुद्र सीपों को चाँदीपुर के तट पर बिखेरता है। यह वायुमंडल को गंदा करता है और वातावरण को तीखे गंधे से बिल्कुल ही निरस्त कर देता है। यह एक रहस्य की तरह लगता है। कोई भी समुद्र के इस गान का अर्थ स्पष्ट नहीं कर सकता जो प्रायः उन औरतों को भ्रमित करता है जो अपने पतियों को विदा करने यहां आती है। नमक, प्रकाश और उत्तेजित आँखें सभी भ्रमित करने वाले हैं। घमंडी समुद की छाया में क्या है जो लहरों को बिखेरता है-यह किसी की भी समझ से परे है। क्या यह मृतकों का उपहास है-कोई भी इसे स्पष्ट नहीं कर सकता। यहां की हवाओं में गाधाएं बिखरी हैं जो मनुष्य से सवाल करती हैं-तुम कौन हो? तथ्य कुछ भी नहीं, केवल कुछ यादें हैं और टूटी हुई सांसें और हम ज्वार-भाटा का इंतजार करते हैं। हमारे गान ही हम तक वापस आते हैं। यह हम तक उन मछुआरों की चीखों को वापस लाते हैं जिन्होंने इन्हीं समुद्री में अपना जीवन खो दिया। यह उस जीवन का संगीत है जो उन लहरों में खो गया!

The Captive Air of Chandipur Word Meaning

The Captive Air of Chandipur Comprehension

Read the following passages carefully and answer the questions that follow:

1. Day after day the drunk sea at Chandipur spits out the gauze wings of shells along the beach and rumples the thin air behind the sands. Who can tell of the songs of this sea that go on to baffle and double the space around our lives?

Questions:
(i) Which place is referred to in these lines?
(ii) In which state is the sea?
(iii) What does the sea spit out?
(iv) What do the songs do?
(v) Find similar word for intoxicated in the above lines?
Answers:
(i) Sea beach at Chandipur is referred to in these lines.
(ii) The sea is in drunken state.
(Hi) The sea spits out the gauze wings of shells
(iv) The songs baffle and double the space around our lives.
(v) ‘drunk’.

2. Or of smells paralysed through the centuries, of deltas hard and white that stretched once to lure the feet of women bidding their men goodbye?Or of salt and light that dark and provocative eyes demanded, their shoulders drooping like lotuses in the noonday sun?

Questions
(i) What is stretched along the sea beach?
(ii) What does it do?
(iii) Why do women come there?
(iv) What is compared with‘lotuses in the noonday sun ?
(v) What is the meaning of ‘drooping’?
Answers:
(i) White sandy land is stretched along the sea beach.
(ii) It lures the feet of women.
(iii) Women come there to bid their men goodbye.
(iv) The drooping shoulders of the men is compared with ‘lotuses in , the noonday sun’.
(v) ‘weak’.

3. The ground seems only a memory now, a turn breath and as we wait for the tide to flood the mudflats , the song that reaches our ears is just our own. The cries of fishermen come drifting through the spray, music of what the world has lost.

Questions:
(i) What does the ground seem to be
(ii) Why do we wait
(iii) What is the song that reaches our ears’’
(iv) What does drift through the spray?
(v) Explain the last line?
Answers:
(i) The ground seems to be only a memory of atom breath.
(ii) We wait for the tide,
(iii) It is the song just our own that echo in our ears.
(iv) The cries of fishermen drift through the spray.
(v) It is the music of the world that is lost in the tide.

Above provided complete MP Board Solutions 11th English Study guide is useful for making your preparation effective. Students can frequently visit our page to get the latest updates on other subjects study materials.

Students who are studying 11th can get the free Madhya Pradesh Board Solutions for 11th English Chapter 17 Sir Roger at Home Questions and Answers PDF here. You can download MP Board Class 11th English Solutions Questions and Answers PDF on this page. Practice questions of Mp Board Solutions of 11th English subject as many times as possible to get good marks.

MP Board Class 11th English A Voyage Solutions Chapter 17 Sir Roger at Home (Joseph Addison)

Gather chapter wise MP Board Solutions for 11th English Study Material to score the highest marks in the final exam. Various chapters and subtopics are given clearly in MP Board Class 11th English Solutions Chapter 17 Sir Roger at Home Questions and Answers Material. All the MP Board Solutions for 11th English Questions with detailed answers are provided by subject experts. The step by step MP Board Class 11th English Chapter 17 Sir Roger at Home Questions and Answers guide will help you to enhance your skills in English subject and grammar. Here, along with the subject knowledge, grammar knowledge also plays an important role. So, students should download MP Board Solutions 11th English and read it to attempt all the questions with 100% confidence.

Sir Roger at Home Textual Exercises

Word Power

Question 1.
Differentiate between the following groups of words and use them in sentence’s of your own:
staid, stayed
knight, night
person, parson
heard, herd
cast, caste
parish, perish
Answer:

• Staid: My father is a sober and staid person.
  Stayed: I stayed in Shimla for a weak.
• Knight: The knight fell down from the horse.
  Might: I am very fond of night show film.
• Person: My father is a gentle person.
  Parson: The parson became popular among his followers.
• Heard: The news that I heard in the morning disturbed me.
  Herd: A herd of cattle is grazing in the field.
• Cast: Every adult Indian has the right to cast his/her vote.
  Caste: Caste feeling still exists in our society.
• Parish: He is a priest of a large rural parish.
  Perish: Several people were perished in the fire.

Question 2.
Use the following phrases in sentences of your own: pass away at ease in good humour acquiesce in go on approve of
Answer:

• pass away: He passes away his time leisurely.
• at ease: I feel at easy with him.
• in good humour: I always find my partner in good humour.
• acquiesce in: A do not acquiesce in his decision.
• go on: What is going on now a days?
• approve of: Do you approve of my idea?

Question 3.
Give antonyms of the following:
country
pleasure
ancient
dependent approve
Answer:

• Country – city
• Pleasure – displeasure
• Ancient – modem
• Dependent – independent
• Approve – disapprove.

Comprehension

I. Choose the correct answer from the given alternatives.

Question 1.
Where did the writer go with Sir Roger?
(a) guest house
(b) country-house
(c) farm house
(d) country club
Answer:
(b) country-house

Question 2.
What, according to Sir Roger, did the writer hate most?
(a) being stared at
(b) being talked about
(c) being ordered about
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(a) being stared at

Question 3.
Which of the following is the reason why the servants never thought of leaving Sir Roger ‘s service
(a) Sir Roger never visited his country house
(b) He was the best master in the world
(c) He was very painstaking
(d) He was very inconsiderate
Answer:
(b) He was the best master in the world

Question 4.
Why does Sir Roger show much tenderness and consideration towards the old dog?
(a) because he had grown old with the dog
(b) because the dog belonged to his father
(c) because the dog belonged to his wife
(d) because of the past service of the dog
Answer:
(d) because of the past service of the dog

Question 5.
In whose care was the author put when he visited the country- house of Sir Roger?
(a) butler
(b) valet de chamber
(c) groom
(d) coachman
Answer:
(a) butler

Question 6.
We are told that one of the domestics of Roger lived with him for thirty years. Who is that man?
(a) The groom
(b) The chaplain
(c) The coachman
(d) The valet de chambre
Answer:
(b) The chaplain

Question 7.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Chaplain?
(a) clear voice
(b) sociable temper
(c) ability to play backgammon
(d) carping behaviour
Answer:
(c) ability to play backgammon

Question 8.
Sir Roger wanted the Chaplain to deliver sermons even’ week. What sort of sermons he wanted the Chaplain to deliver?
(a) sermons written by Sir Roger
(b) sermons written by Addison
(c) sermons written by famous Divines
(d) sermons written by Chaplain
Answer:
(c) sermons written by famous Divines

Question 9.
“There has not been a law-suit in the parish since he has lived among them.” Who is the “he” of the state ‘ it?
(a) Addison
(b) Sir Roger
(c) The Butler
(d) The Chaplain
Answer:
(d) The Chaplain

Question 10.
Match the person in column. A with their characteristics in column B
(a) groom – (i) humourist
(b) coachman – (ii) grave person
(c) chaplain – (iii) A humourist
(d) Sir Roger – (iv) A venerable man
Answer:
(a) (ii), (b) (iii), (c) (iv), (d) (i).

II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each:

Question 1.
Where was Addison invited by Sir Roger to stay with him?
Answer:
Addison was invited by Sir Roger to stay with him at his county- house

Question 2.
Who among the servants of Sir Roger looked like his brother?
Answer:
The valet de chambre looked like Sir Roger’s brother.

Question 3.
Who among the domestic servants of Sir Roger looks like a – priry-counciller?
Answer:
Sir Roger’s coachman looks like a priry-councillor.

Question 4.
Why did tears come in the eyes of the servants when Sir Roger came home?
Answer:
Tears came in the eyes of the servants when Sir Roger came home ; because he (Sir Roger) was a good man who always took great care of them.

Question 5.
Who among the domestic servants of Sic Roger is a very prudent man?
Answer:
Sir Roger’s butler is a very prudent man.

Question 6.
Sir Roger diverted his time “in the woods”. What does “in the ; woods” mean?
Answer:
“In the woods” means “in the jungle”.

Question 7.
Who among the domestics of Sir Roger lives with him more as a relation than a dependent?
Answer:
Sir Roger’s Chaplain lives with him more as a relation than a dependent.

Question 8.
Why did Sir Roger not want to be insulted by Latin and Greek ‘ at his table?
Answer:
Sir Roger did not want to be insulted by Latin and Greek at his table because he had a little knowledge about Latin and Greek.

Question 9.
How much annuity has been settled upon the chaplain?
Answer:
The Chaplain has been settled upon the endowments and other privileges whatever he wants. He is offered the personage of the parish.

Question 10.
Should country clergy waste their time in composing their own sermons?
Answer:
No, country clergy should not waste their time in composing their own sermons.

III. Answer the following questions in fifty-sixty words each:

Question 1.
Write about the manner in which Addison spent his days at the country-seat of the Sir Roger?
Answer:
Addison w as allowed to rise and go to bed at his own pleasure. It was up to him whether he dined at Sir Roger’s table or in his own chamber.He was not objected for anything.

Question 2.
Write a note in the domestics of Sir Roger and their qualities?
Answer:
Sir Roger’s family consisted of all sober and staid persons. The master himself possessed all the good qualities. He never changes his servants nor his servants wish to leave him for his good qualities They had grown old with the house.

Question 3.
Why has there been no litigation in Coverley since the Chaplain came there?
Answer:
The Chaplain was a good natured man. He was a nice gentleman He was wise and practical enough to manage any critical situation. He was a good councillor. It was his managing skills that no litigation prolonged since he came there.

Question 4.
Write a note on the way in which the Chaplain made his speeches from the pulpit.
Answer:
When Sir Roger asked the Chaplain to pronounce one of the sermons every Sunday, he digested them into such a series, that they follow one another naturally and matte continued system of practical divinity.

Question 5.
Who was a mixture of the father and the master of the family?
Answer:
Sir Roger was a good natured man. The writer calls him a mixture of the father and the master of the family. He cared all the servants as the members of the family. He never charged any of them. No servant of his ever wanted to leave him. They were all ready to do anything for him.

IV. Answer the following questions in a paragraph:

Question 1.
What qualities did Sir Roger want in a Chaplain? How did he get such a Chaplain?
Answer:
Sir Roger wanted that a Chaplain should be a good, scholar. He should be a plain and ordinary man with list learning and regular life, sociable temper. The Chaplain whom Sir Roger employed was really a nice gentleman with all the good qualities. He was a man with managing skills, good oration, full devotion and dedication to his work. He was a good councillor.

Question 2.
Sir Roger was called a humourist. Why?
Answer:
Sir Roger was a min of all good qualities. He w as a lovable man He. is called a humourist because he cared for all his servants equally. He himself tried to Jeep the family-environment always pleasant. He tried to amuse them. He never cared for any mistake of his men. He always diverted himself in words. He never changed his servants nor his servants wished to go from his house. He was a mMure of a good father and a master.

Speaking Activity :

Divide the class into two groups. One group to speak about the character of the knight Sir Roger. The other should speak about the character of Parson. You should speak about the characters in the First person. For example:
I am Sir Roger …………
I am the Parson of ………..
Answer:
Class Activity’.

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follows
(Read the passage on Textbook page – 136)

Questions:
(i) Who is the person of ancient descent?
(ii) Who was the inventor of the country-dance “Coverley”?
(in) What is the source of the singularities of Sir Roger?
(iv) Give a suitable title of to the above passage?
(v) Use each word form the following pairs of words in a separate sentence to bring out the difference in

• their meanings.
• Descent – decent
• Proceed – precede
• Form – farm

(vi) Use the following phrases in sentences of your own:
Ancient decent, Call after, By reason
Answers:
(i) Sir Roger de Coverley is a person of an ancient descent.
(ii) Sir Roger de Coverley’s great grandfather was the inventor of the country-dance ‘Coverly’.
(Hi) His grandfather’s decency was the source of his singularities.
(iv) Sir Roger de Coverley and his qualities.
(v) Descent-He is of Scottish descent.

• decent-I like his decent behaviour.
• proceed-Now that our plans are settled let us proceed.
• precede-Are you certain the minister’s statement preceded that of the President?
• form-The Indian cricketers are not in form now a days.
• farm-He is the owner of a big farm.

(vi) ancient descent-The knight comes of an ancient descent.
Call after -By reason – He remained bachelor by reason he was crossed in love by a perverse lady.

Think it Over

Think about person/persons you know of who have been with the family for ages and list out all their qualities, advice, decision, services rendered by all the family members. Give reason for such thought, out of respect, consideration of age, devotion to the family. Write these in a tabulated Form

Think to Do

Read some other periodical essays by Goldsmith and Dr. Johnson and list them in order of preferences and give reasons for the same.
Answer:
Do it yourself

Sir Roger at Home Summary in English

‘Sir Roger At Home’ is a recollection of some memories of the writer of his stay with a friend for some days at his country house. Roger, a friend of the writer, had invited him. He was aware of the habits and tastes of the writer. So, during his stay he never objected to any of his behaviour or habit. The writer was very much comfortable with the family of Roger which consisted of all so ber persons. The knight was the best master in the world.

He had never changed her servants. The servants and other related l persons grew old with the knight. The good old knight was a mixture the father and the master of the family. All the members were in good humour The writer was put under the particular care of Roger’s butler. Other members were also very much friendly at his service. Roger himself was always diverting himself in the woods or the fields. Writer’s chief companion was a very’ venerable man living in Roger’s house for more than thirty years. He was actually a gentleman with a good sense and some learning. He had very cordial relation with all the members of the family.

Sir Roger with all his good qualities was a humourist. His virtues as ; well as imperfections were tenged with certain extravagance which made him something different. He was a delightful man. The writer’s friend told him that the person was very considerate and could manage every’ situation well. When he first settled with Roger, Roger made him a present of all the good sermons printed in English. Roger requested him to pronounce one of them in the pulpit every Sunday. Accordingly the man digested them into such a series that they followed one after the other naturally. It was really interesting.

In the meantime the gentleman they were talking about came there and began to discuss about the sermon that was to be preached the next day, for it was a Saturday night. Then he showed them the list of preachers for the whole year. The writer realized and approved the quality of the good aspects and a clear voice of the man. He appeared to be a graceful actor. The writer wished , that more of the country elergy would follow such a man. Instead of washing their spirits in labourious composition of their own they should concentrate upon handsome elocution. They should not only I be easier to themselves but more edifying to the people.

Sir Roger at Home Summary in Hindi

‘Sir Roger At Home’ लेखक के अपने एक मित्र के देहाती घर पर बिताये गए कुछ दिनों की यादों का संग्रह है। Roger जो लेखक का मित्र है, उन्हें उसे आमंत्रित किया था। वह लेखक की आदतों और रुचियों से अवगत था। इसीलिए उसके ठहरने के दौरान उसने व्यवहार और आदतों के लिए कभी कोई आपत्ति नहीं जताई। लेखक Roger के परिवार जो भद्र लोगों का समूह था, के साथ मजे से रहा। नाइट (Roger) दुनिया का सबसे अच्छा मालिक था। उसने कभी कोई नौकर नहीं बदला। उसके नौकर और अन्य जुड़े हुए लोग उसके साथ ही बढ़े थे। भला बुढा नाइट एक परिवार के पिता और मालिक का मिश्रण था। सभी सदस्य हँसते-खेलते स्वभाव के थे। लेखक को Roger के रसोइये के विशेष देखरेख में रखा गया था। दूसरे सदस्य भी सहदय उसकी सेवा में तत्पर थे। Roger स्वयं अपना समय जंगलों और खेतों में बिताता

था। लेखक का मुख्य साथी Roger के घर में तीस वर्ष से अधिक अवधि से रहने वाला एक बहुत ही नम्र व्यक्ति था। दरअसल वह कुछ पढ़ा-लिखा अच्छे समझ का एक भद्र पुरुष था। परिवार में सभी सदस्य के साथ उसके अच्छे संबंध थे। Sir Roger अपने सभी गुणों के साथ विनोदी प्रकृति का व्यक्ति था। उसके गुण और अवगुण कुछ अतिश्योक्ति से मिले हुए थे जिससे वह कुछ अलग दिखाता था। वह मजेदार व्यक्ति था। लेखक के मित्र ने बताया कि वह व्यक्ति समझदार था और हर परिस्थिति को अच्छी तरह संभाल लेता था। जब वह पहली बार Roger के साथ रहने आया तो Roger ने अंग्रेजी में छपे हुए अच्छे उपदेशों का उपहार उसे दिया। Roger ने उससे अनुरोध किया कि वह प्रति रविवार उनमें से एक उपदेश सुनाए।

इसके अनुसार उस व्यक्ति ने उन्हें श्रृंखलाबद्ध इस तरह याद कर लिया कि वे स्वाभाविक रूप से एक के बाद एक स्वत: निकल पड़ते थे। यह सही में मनोरंजक था। इसी समय वह भद्र पुरुष जिसके बारे में वे बात कर रहे थे, वहाँ आया और उस उपदेश की चर्चा करने लगा जो उसे अगले दिन सुनाना था क्योंकि वह शनिवार की रात थी। तब उसने उन्हें पूरे वर्ष के उपदेशकों की एक सचि दिखाई। लेखक ने यह महसूस किया और उसके अच्छे गुण और साफ आवाज को मान लिया। वह एक गंभीर कलाकार लगता था। लेखक कामना करता है कि अधिक-से-अधिक गाँवों के पादरी इस व्यक्ति का अनुसरण करें। अपनी रचनाओं पर अपना समय बर्बाद करने से बेहतर वे अच्छे व्याख्यान पर ध्यान दें। यह उनके लिए न ज्यादा आसान होगा बल्कि लोगों के लिए भी श्रेयस्कर होगा।

Sir Roger at Home Word Meaning

Sir Roger at Home Comprehension

Read the following passages carefully and answer the questions that follow:

1. Sir Roger, who is very well acquainted with my humour, lets me rise and go to bed when I please; dine at his own table, or in my chamber, as I think fit; sit still, and say nothing, without bidding me be merry. When the gentlemen of the country come to see him, he only shows me at a distance. As I have been walking in his fields, I have observed them stealing a sight of me over an hedge, and have heard the knight desiring them not to let me see them, for that I hated to be stared at.

Questions:

(i) Who is ‘I’ in these lines?
(ii) Who is talked about in these lines?
(iii) What the narrator had observed while walking in the fields?
(iv) What is the meaning of ‘acquainted with’?
Answers:
(i) ‘I’ is the writer himself in these lines.
(ii) Sir Roger is talked about in these lines.
(iii) While walking in the fields the narrator had observed the family members looking at him silently.
(iv) “known”

2. At the same time the good old knight, with a mixture of the father and the master of the family, tempered the inquiries after his own affairs with several kin,d of questions relating to themselves. This humanity and good nature engages everybody to him, so that when he is pleasant upon any of them, all his family are in good humour, and none so much as the person whom he diverts himself with: on the contrary, if he coughs, or betrays any infirmity of old age, it is easy for a startder-by to observe a secret concern in the looks of all his servants.

Questions:
(i) What virtues of the old knight were described here?
(ii) What made him a lovable person?
(iii) How were the servants ready to serve him?
(iv) Give a word from the passage opposite in meaning to ‘open’?
Answers:
(i) The virtues of the old knight talked about in these lines w ere that he was a mixture of the father and the master of the family.
(ii) The master’s humanity and good nature made him a lovable person.
(iii) The servants were ready to do everything for the master.
(iv) ‘secret’.

3. I have observed in several of my papers, that my friend Sir Roger, amidst all his good qualities, is something of an humourist; and that his virtues, as well as imperfections, are, as it were, finged by a certain extravagance, which make them particularly his, and distinguishes them from those of other men. This cast of mind, as it is generally very innocent in itself, so it renders his conversation highly agreeable and more delightful than the same degree of sense and virtue would appear in their common and ordinary colours.

Questions:
(i) What had the writer observed about his friend Sir Roger?
(ii) What made Sir Roger different from other men?
(iii) What .was unique about Sir Roger?
(iv) Give a similar word from the passage for‘acceptable’.
Answers: .
(i) The writer had observed that his friend Sir Roger was a humourist.
(ii) Roger’s virtues as well as imperfections were tinged by a certain extravagance. This is made him different from the other men.
(iii) Roger was highly agreeable and more delightful than a common or ordinary man. It was unique about him.
(iv) ‘agreeable’.

4. He was now’ been with me thirty years, and though he does not know I have taken notice of it, has never in all that time asked anything of me for himself, though he is every’ day soliciting me for something in behalf of one or other of my tenants, his parishioners. These has not been a lawsuit in the parish since he has lived among them: if any dispute arises, they apply themselves to him for the decision; if they do not acquiesce in his judgement, which I think never happened above once, or twice at most, they appeal to me. At his first setting with me, I made him a present of all good sermons which have been printed in English, and only begged of him that every Sunday he would pronounce one of them in the pulpit. Accordingly, he has digested them into such a series, that they follow one another naturally, and make a continued system of practical divinity

Questions:
(i) Who is talked about in these lines?
(ii) For how long the gentlemen living with Roger?
(iii) What did Roger present him?
(iv) What did Roger asked him to do?
(v) What is the meaning of ‘begged of’?
Answers:
(i) A good old gentleman is talked about in these lines.
(ii) He had been living with the Roger for more than thirty years.
(iii) One day Roger presented him a collection of good sermons printed in English.
(iv) Roger asked him to pronounce one of the sermons even,’ Sunday.
(v) ‘requested’.

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MP Board Class 11th English A Voyage Solutions Chapter 15 Sister Nivedita (Gauri Shrivastava)

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Sister Nivedita Textual Exercises

Word Power

(A) Make noun forms the following verbs using suffixes wherever necessary:
Example: encompass (verb) – compass (noun)
Initiate, revive, admire, dignify, generate
Answer:
initiation, revival, admiration, dignity, generation.

(B) Find from the text the noun forms for the following verbs:
Awake, regenerate, contribute, educate, petition
Answer:
awakening, regeneration, contribution, education, petitioner.

(C) Make adjectives from the following nouns:
Faith, India, action, intellect, disaster
Answer:
faithful, Indian, active, intellectual, disastrous

(D) Antonym of a word is not a negative, but its opposite in meaning, for example:
Ugly is the antonym of ‘beautiful’
Now find from the text the antonyms of the following words:
Pure, praise, destruction, falsehood, active, done, immoderate
Answer:
Pure – impure Praise – condemn Destruction – creation .
Falsehood – truth Active – retiring Done – undone Immoderate – moderate,

(E) Distinguish between the following pairs of words and use them separate sentences:
For example: principle, principal
Principal – highest in order of importance.
My father is the principal Secretary of a state.
Principle – guiding rule or code for behaviour, basic truth of conduct.
A good man must keep up high moral principles, moderate, moderation/ later, latter/ career, carrier/ exist, exit/ politics, political/ action, active
Answers:

• Moderate – (liberal) – There W’as a moderate group of leaders.
  Moderation – (modification) – A moderation is required in this plan.
• Later – (towards the end of) – Later he opted a different career.
  Latter – (mentioned after another) – Of the two the latter was intelligent.
• Career – (profession) – He opted for teaching as his career.
  Carrier – (a person or thing carrying something) – Truck is a public carrier.
• Exist – (to be present) – Old traditions still existing society.
  Exit – (a way out) – There was no emergency exit in that building.
• Politics – (political affairs) – I don’t like politics.
  Political – (of or involving politics) – He has political inclinations.
• Action – (the process of doing something) – He is a man of action.
  Active – (energetic) – Nehru was very active in politics.

Comprehension

(A) Answer the following questions in one sentence each:

Question 1.
What incident proved to be a turning point in the life of Sister Nivedita?
Answer:
The search for truth proved to be a turning point in the life of Sister Nivedita.

Question 2.
What type of politics was she interested in?
Answer:
She was interested in aggressive politics.

Question 3.
What was her purpose in taking up a lecture for our of India?
Answer:
She went on a lecture-tour of India to rouse, the national consciousness of the people.

Question 4.
Whom did she inspire to revive the ideals of Indian Art?
Answer:
She inspired Abanindra Nath Tagore to revive the ideals of Indian Art.

Question 5.
Which one is supposed to be her best-known book?
Answer:
‘The Master As I Saw Him’ is supposed to be her best-known book.

Question 6.
Whom did she blame for the ruined economy of India?
Answer:
She blamed British imperialism for the ruined economy of India.

(B) Answer the following questions in 30 – 40 words each:

Question 1.
Write a short note on the early education of Sister Nivedita?
Answer:
Sister Nivedita got her education at Halifare College, run by a Chapter of the Congregationalist Church. She took up teaching work in 1884 at Keswick, in 1886 at Wrexham and in 1889 at Chester. She was greatly influenced by the ‘New Education’ Method of Pestalozzi and Froebel.

Question 2.
What factors made Sister Nivedita a center of a great educational movement?
Answer:
Nivedita’s great intellectual gifts made her well known in the,high society of London. Even Huxley had been much impressed by her intellectual. Gradually she became the centre of a great educational movement.

Question 3.
How did Swami Vivekanand’s preaching’s bring about a change in the career of Sister Nivedita?
Answer:
Sister Nivedita was greatly impressed with Vivekanand’s preaching’s which he gave in London. She immediately took a decision and offered her lifelong services in search of Truth and left for India. She came to Calcutta on 28 January where she was initiated into Brahmacharya and was given the name of Nivedita by Swami Vivekanand on 25 March, 1898.

Question 4.
The author says, “She was a strong supporter of women’s education.” What were her views about Indian women?
Answer:
Sister Nivedita was a strong supporter of women’s education. She advocated for schools in the same way as they were for the boys. She has tremendous faith in them. She wanted them to have better education. But she also asked them not to give up their own ideals and practices. She strongly believed that once the women of India awoke, the country would be great again.

Question 5.
When was she named Sister Nivedita and by whom?
Answer:
Sister Nivedita was very much impressed with Swami Vivekanand’s views. She offered her lifelong services in .search of truth and left for India. She came to Calcutta on 28 January where she was initiated into Brahmacharya and was given the name of Nivedita by Swami Vivekanand on 25 March, 1898.

Question 6.
What did Sister Nivedita do for the uplift of Indian woman?
Answer:
Sister Nivedita did a lot for the uplift Indian woman. She had tremendous faith in them. She wanted better education for them. She started Kinder garden School for Hindu girls in November 1898. She inspired them in many ways. She asked them not to give up their own ideals and practices.

Question 7.
Give Sister Nivedita’s views on Swadeshi Movement?
Answer:
Sister Nivedita took active interest in India’s struggle for Independence. She supported Swadeshi Movement both in principle and practice. For her Swadeshi Movement was an opportunity for the Indian to make themselves respected by the whole world.

Question 8.
What aspect of Indian womanhood had great appeal to Sister Nivedita?
Answer:

(C) Answer the following questions in about 150 words each:

Question 1.
Give a short life-sketch of Sister Nivedita?
Answer:
Sister Nivedita was bom at Dunganon, Country Tyrone, Ireland, on 28 Oct., 1867. Originally she was called Margaret Elizabeth Noble. She was the eldest daughter of Samuel Richmond and Mary Isabel. Her parents were of Scottish descent and had settled in Ireland later. Margaret got her education at Halifax College, run by a Chapter of the Congregationalist Church.

She took up teaching work in 1884 at Keswick, later at Wrezeham in 1886, and at Chester in 1889. She was greatly influenced by the ‘New Education” Method of Pestolozzi and Froebel. She started a school of her own in 1892 in the name of Ruskin School in Wimbledon. She earned a high repute for the intellectual pursuits in the high society of London. Gradually she became the centre of a great educational movement which resulted in the establishment of the famous Sesame Club.

Right from her childhood she grew up under the influence of Christian doctrines. But the search for Truth led her in 1895 – 96 to swami Vivekanand’s teachings of Vedanta. In response to his message she offered her lifelong services in search of Truth and shifted to India. She initiated a number of revolutionary work. She participated in freedom movement; participated many relief work, wrote many books and contributed to a number of magazines and newspaper. She died on 13 Oct. 1911 after an attack of dysentery at Darjeeling. She was a great multifaceted personality.

Question 2.
“Different aspects of India’s life and society attracted and impressed Sister Nivedita to work.” Discuss.
Answer:
Sister Nivedita alias Margaret Elizabeth Noble was an Irish lady with great soul. Right from the beginning of her career she opted social services and took up teaching as her mission. Later she started her own School. Though she grew up under the influence of Christian doctrines she couldn’t avoid the impact of swami Vivekanand’s teaching of Vedanta and the search for Truth led her 1895-96 to offer her lifelong services to India. She was initiated into Bramacharya.

She started her career here encompassing the fields of teaching, social work and spirituality. She was much concerned with the education of female in India. She started Kindergarten School for female education. She participated in various relief works. She took active part in Indian struggle for freedom. She went of lecture-tours throughout India during September 1902 to 1904 to arouse national consciousness of the people. Herself was a supporter of aggressive politics.

She had cordial relations with the moderate also. She supported Swadeshi Movement whole heartedly. She helped other nationalist groups also. She encouraged the study of science and promoted Indian Art. She didn’t even hesitate to condemn Lord Curzon for calling Indians untruthful. She had all love and respect for India and its age-old ideals.

Question 3.
Discuss Sister Nivedita’s views on contemporary Indian politics and her interest in it?
Answer:
Sister Nivedita had very’ high opinion about India. She was greatly influenced by the preaching of Swami Vivekanand She offered her lifelong services to India. She undertook a number of social services ,and worked for Indian mass wholeheartedly. She took pains to spread awareness of Indian people.

Female education became her prime concern as she thought it could make country great. After the death of Swami Vivekanand she resigned from the purely spiritual Ramakrishna Order in July 1902 and began taking active interest in the Indian struggle for freedom.

She undertook lecture-tours throughout India to arouse national consciousness of the people. Here was an aggressive type of politics. She didn’t believe in petitioner type of the politics of the moderates. Still she maintained cordial relations with the leaders of Schools of political thought. She attended Banares Congress in 1905. She supported Swadeshi Movement of the Indian people both in principle and practice. She was of the view that-in Swadeshi Movement the Indian people had found an opportunity to make themselves respected by the white world. She also helped other Nationalist groups like Down Society and Anushilan Samity. She was an active leader in Indian politics.

Question 4.
What is information do you gather from the lesson about Sister Nivedita’s approach to-
(i) National education, and
(ii) Indian Art.
Answer:
(i) Sister Nivedita was very much influenced with the preachings of Swami Vivekanand. Right from the beginning of her life she opted for teaching work. She started her own school. She became a prominent centre of great educational movement in London. Later the search for truth led to Vivekanand s teachings of the Vedanta. Later she came to India w here she opted for teaching, social work and spirituality’. She was a strong supporter of female education. For her school for girls was as much essential as it was for the boys. She declared that India needed the arduous transition. She started a Kindergarten for Hindu girls.

(ii) She was highly impressed with the Indian Art. She disapproved of the fiction of the Hellenic influence in the Indian Art. She inspired persons like Abanindra Nath Tagore to receive its ideas and defined the scope and functions of Indian School of Art.

D. Choose the correct alternative:

Question 1.
Sister Nivedita was born in
Answer:
(a) England
(b) New’ Zealand
(c) London
(d) Ireland.
(d) Ireland.

Question 2.
According to Sister Nivedita schooling and education should be planned for
(a) women only
(b) the present and next generation
(c) the present generation only
(d) men and women separately
Answer:
(b) the present and next generation

Question 3.
Aggressive type of politics means
(a) moderate politics
(b) petitioner’s politics
(c) non-violent way of politics
(d) politics of forceful revolution.
Answer:
(d) politics of forceful revolution.

Question 4.
Nivedita wanted to see India educated on
(a) ancient lines
(b) national lines
(c) moderate lines
(d) western lines
Answer:
(b) national lines

Question 5.
Women in India, according to her, were
(a) coward and docile
(b) illiterate and backward
(c) gentle and dignified
(d) awakened and conscious of their rights.
Answer:
(c) gentle and dignified

(E) Explain what the writer means by following expressions:

(a) In one of her speeches, She said, “We have to carry our country through the arduous transition”
(b) “The world respects that which shows that it to be feared, and the one thing that is feared by all is strong, intelligent, and united action.”
Answer:
(a) Through this line the writer means to say that India needed a struggling transition because it had been under the influence of its age old practices which did not allow female education and their exposition. It was the great drawback of Indian society.

(b) Through these lines the writer says that the world always respects the mighty but not the weak. If we are united we become powerful and the world will automatically come to honourus.

Grammer

(see text book page 121 – 122)
Given’below are sentences with the use of ‘used to’ ‘had to’ ‘has to’, ‘will have to’, ‘shall have to’ and ‘daren’t’. Underline the modals used and find the modality expressed by each.

1. India used to be under British domination up to 15th August, 1947.
2. My sister had to give up her job after her marriage.
3. She used to go to her office on foot.
4. I have to submit the homework tomorrow.
5. A coward daren’t face his own conscience.
6. I advised her, “You had better get it typed ”
7 You don’t have to do it again and again
8 Indian workmen have to work in very poor conditions at work places.
9 I will have.to give up my claim I have lost my case
10. I hardly dared take bath in the morning during the months w inter.
Answer
Modals – Modality expressed

1. Used to – 1. Habitual action of the past
2. Had to – 2. Some act done under compulsion or under the force of a circumstance
3. Used to – 3. Discontinued habitual action of the past.
4. Have to – 4. Some act done under compulsion or under the force of a circumstance.
5. daren’t to – 5. Lack of courage in doing something
6. had – 6. better choice
7. Have to – 7. Without compulsion
8. Have to – 8. Some act done under compulsion or under the force of a circumstance
9. Have to – 9. Done under compulsion or under the force of a circumstance
10. Hardly dared – 10. Semi-negative

Speaking Activity

You are Suresh, Hold a dialogue with your friend Shakeel on the topic ‘Reading and Playing’. You ma begin as:
Suresh — Hello What is more important reading or play lug?
Shakeel — I think .
Now develop the dialogue, focusing in the following:
1. Place of games in life.
2. Sports as a hobby or profession career.
3 Being career-minded.
4. Studies as the main focus and priority
5. Need to fix goals.
6. Conclusion arrived at.
Answer:

• Shakeel-I think games have a prominent role in our life.
• Suresh — How can you say so Reading is more important than playing.
• Shakeel — But can you read with unhealthy mind and body
• Suresh — No. But only playing cant make ones life perfect. Infact what future do you see in sports
• Shakeel — I think life take it as a profession an reach the top
• Suresh — But can you do it without education
• Shakeel — No. I don’t mean so Our main focus and priorit’ should he on studies
• Suresh — First there is a need to fix one’s goal
• Shakeel — It is true that there ma occur many diversions We should tackle them wisely.

Writing Activity

There have been many Europeans in search of truth, made India their second home and dedicated their lives for the suffering humanity Mother Teresa was one such soul. Write a note on her contribution to the destitute. Make use of the following guidelines:-

1. Born of Albanian parents, in Yugoslavia in 1910.
2. Parent’s rich. Nun in 1928, to Ireland, joined the religious order of Sister’s of Loreto. A year later, to India.
3. Joined Loreto convent in Darjeeling in 1929 sent to Calcutta, taught at St. Mary’s High School, had chances to see slum, pavement, misery. Decided to serve the beggars, lepers, orphans, slum- dwellers. Founded-Missionaries of Charity.
4. Indian citizenship in 1948, Her dress a plain White saree with blue border. A simple cross on left shoulder.
5. Padma Shree Award 1962. Jawaharlal Nehru Avard for International understanding 1972, Noble Prize for Peace 1979. Breathed her last on Sept. 1997
Answer
Mother Teresa’s real name was Agnes Gonreha Bojaxhiu. She was born in Skopje, then in Albania, Yugoslavia, on 27th August, 1910. When she was only twelve years old, she decided to become a nun to spend her life for God’s work. And at 18, she went to Ireland and entered the congregation of sisters of Loretto at the institute of Blessed Virginc Marg. There Agnes took on the name ‘Teresa’. There in that distant land she would get the call to go to India. And it was in ‘Kolkata’ that she arrived in 192°, to become a teacher in a Lorreto school. She devoted 17 years of her life to it.

In 1946 she left the school to serve the ‘poorest of the poor’ of Kolkata. She discarded the black and white dress of the Lorreto nuns and wore a coarse, blue-bordered sari. Sister Teresa became an Indian Citizen in the year 1948 and came to be known as Mother Teresa. She had bounless faith and courage in her heart. She set up her organisation, the Missionaries of Charity.

It began formally in October, 1950.In the early days, she had lack of money and help. But Mother Teresa did not wait for them. She entered a slum, gathered a few children around her, picked up a stick ands drew the letters of the Bengalj alphabet on the ground. Soon someone donated a chair, another a blackboard and teachers Volunteered their services and the school became a reality.

Later Mother Teresa resolved to build a home where the abandoned could live and die with dignity. The search led her to Kalighat where the Kolkata Corporation gave her some empty halls. Thus became her first home for the dying and she called it ‘Nirmal Hridav’, ‘the place of the Pure Heart’.Mother Teresa also set up Normal Shishu Bhavan for the poor, orphaned and abandoned children. She worked for the lepers too.

Mother setup a shop under a tree in a tempers” colony, and gave out medicines, dressing and dispensed simple treatments. Later she built Prem Nivas, the ‘floor of love” for them. The whole world in general and India in particular is grateful to her. In 1962 the Government of India awarded her ‘Padma Shree”. In the s ear 1971 Pope VI. honoured her the first Pope John XXiii Peace Prize In 1979 she received Nobel Peace Prize. Thus she has received over so mam national and international awards. She spent all cash awards on the poor and the suffering.

Mother travelled throughout the world to set up Islands of hope for the neglected and the poor. She left fourth heavenly abode on Sept, 5, 1997 in Kolkata. The whole world shocked to hear the news of her death Her funeral took place with full state honour. Hundreds of important Indian and world personalities came to pay homage to her.

Think It Over

Swami Dayanand Saraswati, a scholar of Vedas and founder of Ary a Samaj was greatly pained to see the deplorable condition of women in India. He asserted, “Vedas sanctioned the most exalted status to women at home and in society and they had as much right to education and a place in the judiciary, legislature and administration as men”. Compare these views with those of Sister Nivedita.
AnswerThere are many similarities between the views of Swami Dayanand Saraswati and the Sister Nivedita. Both have advocated for the education and exposition of Indian women in every sphere of life. Sister Nivedita considers the women of India to be great and mystery. She thinks awakening of Indian women will certainly make Indian great.

Things To Do

In the text word ‘order means a religious community or brotherhood
Note the uses ‘to take religious order”’. It means to become a priest
Now study the uses of the words, ‘congregation’ and ‘convocation

(a) Congregation is a group of persons who are gathered together in a church to worship. The term may be used for other such activities also
(b) Convocation means a large and formal meeting of church officials. Find other meanings and uses of these words in a dictionary
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Sister Nivedita Summary in English

Sister Nivedita was born on 28 October, 1867 as the oldest daughter of Samuel Richmond and Mary Isabel who were of Scottish descent and had settled in Ireland. Nivedita, originally called Margaret Elizabeth Noble received her education at Halifare College. Later she joined teaching work in 1884 and thereafter in 1892 she started her own school in the name of ‘Ruskin School’ in Wimbledon. She got popularity in the high society of London for her great intellectual gifts. Gradually, she became the centre of a great educational movement which resulted in the famous Sesame club.

Since childhood Christian religious doctrines were instilled into her. But the search for truth led her to Swami Vivekanand’s teaching of the Vedanta in 1895-96. This made her offer her lifelong services in search of truth and she shifted to India. She came to Calcutta on 28 January where she was initiated into Brahmacharya on 25 March, 1898 and named as Sister Nivedita by Swami Vivekanand. She took to her the duties of field of teaching, social work and spirituality. He was a strong supporter of woman‘s/girl’s education.

She advocated for schools in the same way as they were for the boys. She believed in the next generation’s schooling. She started Kindergarden School for Hindu girls in November 1998. She took up a number of relief work like plague relief of the Ramakrishna Mission from 1899 onwards. After the death of Swami Vivekanand in July 1902 she fesigned from the purely spiritual Ramakrishna order and started taking as active interest in the Indian struggle for Independence. She also maintained her relationship with the order.

In order to arouse national consciousness among Indian people she undertook lecture tours throughout India. During September 1902 to 1904. Here’s was an aggressive type of politics. She didn’t believe in moderate politics of the petitioner type. Yet she maintained polities of the petitioner type. Yet she maintained cordial relation with the leaders of different schools of political thought. She also supported Swadeshi Movement both in principle and practice. For her Swadeshi Movement was an opportunity for the Indian to make themselves respected by the whole world. She also helped other nationalist group like Down Society and Anushilan Samiti.

Nivedita’s greatest desire was to see the whole nation educated in national lines. She encouraged the study of science. She believed in Indian Art which she thought essential for regeneration of India. For this she inspired persons like Abanindra Nath Tagore to receive its ideals.

From 1902 onwards she raised her voice against the British policy in India. She condemned Lord Curzon for the Universities Act of 1904 for his insulting the Indians by calling them untruthful. She blamed British Imperialism for the disastrous condition of Indian economy.

Sister Nivedita was a prolific writer: ‘The Master As I Saw Him a book on Swami Vivekanand is considered to be her masterpiece. She wrote about Hindu mythology and gods and goddesses ‘Kali. The Mother’. ‘Shiva’ and ‘Buddha’. ‘The Cradle Tales of Hinduism’ and ‘The Myths of Hindus and Buddhists’ are some of her famous books.

She had tremendous faith in women of India. She wanted them to have better education. But she also asked them not to give up their own deals and practices. She strongly believed that once the woman of India awoke, the country would be great again. She died on 13th October, 1911 after an attack of dysentry at Darjeeling.

Sister Nivedita Summary in Hindi

सिस्टर निवेदिता का जन्म 28 अक्टूबर, 1867 को सैमुअल रिचमण्ड और मेरी ईशाबेल, जो स्कॉटिश वंशज से संबंधित थे और आयरलैण्ड में बस गए थे, की सबसे बड़ी बेटी के रूप में हुआ था। निवेदिता मूल रूप से मारग्रेट एलिजाबेथ नॉबल कही जाती थी। उन्होंने अपनी शिक्षा हैलिफैक्स कॉलेज से प्राप्त की। बाद में उन्होंने 1884 में शिक्षण कार्य अपना लिया और उसके बाद 1892 में उन्होंने विम्बल्डन में ‘रस्किन स्कूल’ के नाम से अपना एक स्कूल खोल लिया। अपनी महान बौद्धिक विलक्षणताओं की वजह से उन्होंने लंदन के उच्च समाज में काफी ख्याति प्राप्त कर ली। धीरे-धीरे वे शैक्षणिक आंदोलन की केन्द्र बन गयी। परिणामस्वरूप सीसेम क्लब अस्तित्व में आया।

बचपन से ही उन्हें ईसाई धार्मिक सिद्धांतों की शिक्षा दी गई थी। लेकिन सत्य की खोज ने 1895-96 में उन्हें स्वामी विवेकानंद की वेदांत की शिक्षा की ओर अग्रसर किया। अतंतोगत्वा उन्होंने अपना पूरा जीवन सत्य की खोज में समर्पित कर दिया। वे भारत आ गयीं। वे 28 जनवरी को कलकत्ता पहुँची जहाँ उन्होंने 25 मार्च, 1898 को ब्रह्मचर्य का व्रत लिया। स्वामी विवेकानंद के द्वारा उन्हें सिस्टर निवेदिता का नाम दिया गया। उन्होंने शिक्षण सामाजिक कार्य और आध्यात्मिकता के क्षेत्र में अपना काम शुरू कर दिया। वे नारी लड़की की शिक्षा की बहुत बड़ी समर्थक थीं।

उन्होंने लड़कियों के लिए स्कूल को उतना जरूरी ठहराया जितना लड़कों के लिए। वे दूसरी पीढ़ी की पढ़ाई में विश्वास रखती थीं। उन्होंने नवम्बर 1898 में हिन्दू लड़कियों के लिए किन्डर-गार्टेन स्कूल खोला। उन्होंने कई राहत कार्यों में भाग लिया। 1899 के बाद उन्होंने रामकृष्ण मिशन के प्लेग राहत कार्य में भाग लिया। जुलाई 1902 में स्वामी विवेकानंद की मृत्यु के बाद उन्होंने अध्यात्किम रामकृष्ण ऑर्डर को छोड़ दिया और भारत के स्वतंत्रता आंदोलन में सक्रिय भाग लेना शुरू कर दिया। उन्होंने रामकृष्ण ऑर्डर के साथ संबंध भी बनाए रखा।

भारतीयों में राष्ट्रीय जागरूकता फैलाने के लिए उन्होंने सितंबर 1902 से 1904 तक पूरे भारत में व्याख्यान यात्रा शुरू किया। उनकी राजनीति आक्रमक प्रकार की थी। मध्यमागीर्य राजनीति में उनका जरा भी विश्वास नहीं था। इसके बावजूद ने विभिन्न राजनीतिक मत के नेताओं के साथ मधुर संबंध बनाए रखती थीं। वे सैद्धांतिक और व्यवहारिक दोनों तरह से स्वदेशी आंदोलन का समर्थन करती थीं। उनका कहना था कि स्वदेशी आंदोलन के जरिए भारत के लोग पूरी दुनिया द्वारा आदर-सम्मान पा सकते हैं। डॉन सोसाइटी और अनुशीलन समिति जैसे राष्ट्रीय समूहों को भी वे मदद देती थीं। निवेदिता की हार्दिक इच्छा थी कि पूरा राष्ट्र राष्ट्रीय विद्या में शिक्षित हो। उन्होंने विज्ञान  के अध्ययन को प्रोत्साहित किया। वे भारतीय कला में विश्वास करती थीं और इसे भारत के पुनरुत्थान के लिए आवश्यक मानती थी। उन्होंने इसके आदर्शों को पुर्नजीवित करने के लिए अवनिन्द्र नाथ टैगोर जैसे व्यक्तियों को प्रेरित किया।

1902 के बाद से उन्होंने भारत में अंग्रेजी नीति के विरुद्ध आवाज उठाई। उन्होंने लॉर्ड कर्जन की 1904 यूनिवर्सिटिज एक्ट की निंदा की। इस एक्ट के तहत कर्जन ने भारतीयों को . अविश्वासी कहा था। भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था को तहस-नहस करने के लिए उन्होंने अंग्रेजी साम्राज्यवाद को दोषी ठहराया। सिस्टर निवेदिता उच्चकोटि की लेखिका थीं। ‘The Master 1 Saw Him’ उनकी उत्कृष्ट कृति मानी जाती है जो स्वामी विवेकानंद पर लिखी गई है। उन्होंने हिन्दु पराणविद्या और देवी-देवताओं के बारे में भी लिखा। ‘Kali, The Mother’, ‘Shiva’ और ‘Buddha’, ‘The Cradle Tales of Hinduism’ 3 ‘The Myths of Hindus and Buddhists’ उनकी कुछ महत्त्वपूर्ण कृतियाँ हैं।

भारतीय नारियों में उन्हें अगाध विश्वास था। उनके लिए बेहतर शिक्षा की आवश्यकता पर उन्होंने बल दिया। लेकिन उन्होंने महिलाओं से यह भी कहा कि वे कभी भी अपना आदर्श नहीं छोड़े। उन्हें पूरा विश्वास था कि एक समय आएगा जब भारतीय नारियाँ जगेंगी और देश पुनः महान बनेगा। उनकी मृत्यु 13 अक्टूबर, 1911 को दार्जिलिंग में पेचिश के कारण हुई।

Sister Nivedita Word Meaning

Sister Nivedita Comprehension

Read the following passages and answer the questions that follow:

1. Since childhood. Christian religious doctrines were instilled into her But the search for Truth led her in 1895-96 to Swami Vivekananda’s teaching of the Vedanta. Swamiji was at this time preaching in London, and in response to this message of the East she offered her lifelong services in search of Truth and left for India. She came to Calcutta on 28 January. Margaret was initiated into Brahmacharya and was given the name of Nivedita by Swami Vivekanand on 25 March. 1898. From that time onwards Sister Nivedita started her career, encompassing the fields of teaching, social work and spirituality. She was a strong supporter of women’s girls’ education.

Questions:
(i) Which doctrines were instilled into Sister Nivedita since childhood?
(ii) What led her to Swami Vivekanand’s teachings of the Vedanta
(iii) What did she do for it?
(iv) What happened with her after she came to Calcutta?
(v) What field did she opt for her career?
Answers:
(i) Christian religious doctrines were instilled into Sister Nivedita since childhood.
(ii) The search for truth led her to Swami Vivekanand’s teachings of the Vedanta.
(iii) She offered her life-long services for it and left for India
(iv) She was initiated into Brahmacharya and was given the name of Nivedita.
(v) She opted the fields of teaching, social work and spirituality for her career.

2. Her greatest desire was to see the whole nation educated in national lines. She encouraged the study of science, and helped Jagadish Chandra Bose in bringing to light his theories and discoveries. Similarly, she believed that a re-birth of Indian Art was essential for the regeneration of India She disapproved of the fiction of the Hellenic influence in Indian Art, inspired Abanindranath Tagore and others to revive its ideals and define the scope and function of Indian School of Art.

Questions:
(i) What was her greatest desire?
(ii) What did she do for science?
(iii) What was her view about Indian art?
(iv) What did she not approve in Indian Art?
(v) Why did she inspire Abanindra Nath Tagore?
Answers:
(i) Her greatest desire was to see the whole nation educated in national lines.
(ii) She encouraged the study of science and helped Jagadish Chandra Bose in bringing his theories and discoveries to light.
(iii) She thought that a rebirth of Indian Art was essential for the regeneration of India.
(iv) She disapproved of the fiction of the Hellenic influence in Indian Art.
(v) She inspired Abanindra Nath Tagore to revive the ideals of Indian

3. She had tremendous faith in women of India. She found them shy and retiring, but gentle, proud and dignified. She wanted them to have better education. But she also asked the women not to give up their own ideals and practices. She strongly believed that once the women of India awoke the country would be great again. She called India the land of great women and praised the ideals for which Sita and Savitri, Uma and Gandhari stood. She was full of admiration for the faithfulness and utter selflessness and loving thoughtfulness of Indian wife. She passed away on 13th October, 1911 after an attack of dysentery at Darjeeling.

Questions:
(i) In whom had she tremendous faith?
(ii) What did she find about Indian women?
(ii) What did she want for them?
(iv) What she did not want from Indian women to give up?
(v) What ideals did she praise?
Answers:
(i) She had tremendous faith in Indian women.
(ii) She found them shy and retiring but gentle, proud and dignified.
(iii) She wanted better education for other.
(iv) She didn’t want from Indian women to give up their ideals and practices.
(v) She praised the ideals for which Sita and Savitri, Uma and Gandhari stood.

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MP Board Class 11th English A Voyage Solutions Chapter 14 One Thousand Dollars (O’ Henry)

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One Thousand Dollars Textual Exercises

Word Power

(A) Fill in the blanks with the words given below:
(Memorandum, accrue, render, bequest, impertinent, wagging, entail)

1. Here is the money. You can spend it as you like. You have to …………. an account of the expenditure within a week.
2. Keep your money in a bank. It will ………….. interest.
3. This job will ………….. a lot of hard work. You must think twice before you accept it.
4. The dog is ………….. its tail. Does it want something?
5. I have only asked your name, Is it …………. ?
6. Before dying, the old man left a to each of his two sons.
7. He sent a detailed ………. to his boss about the incident.
Answer:

1. render
2. accrue
3. entail
4. wagging
5. impertinent
6. bequest
7. memorandum.

(B) Find words from the text for following expressions.

1. afternoon performance of a show;
2. produce books, newspapers etc. printing;
3. a building in which horses are kept;
4. cheerfully;
5. that is suggested indirectly or understood;
6. make an attempt;
7. boredom;
8. take somebody somewhere in a car, taxi etc;
9. showing care for future;
10. write or say something formally in careful and clear way;
11. become liquid as a result of heating;
12. care and treatment of hands and hails;
13. beg or implore;
14. a piece of fabric or paper used to for cleaning lips and fingers;
15. rest yourself in a chair;
16. a large and dark cave;
17. a collection of valuable things such as gold, silver etc;
18. try very hard to achieve something;
19. a type of material that is made of string, thread or wire woven together;
20. danger
Answer:

1. Matinee
2. publish
3. Ranch
4. Gaily
5. Intended
6. Move
7. Offensive
8. Drive
9. Prudent
10. Declare
11. Melt
12. Manicure
13. Request
14. Linen
15. Drifted in
16. Cavern
17. Poolroom
18. Disposal
19. Strip
20. Precariousness

(C) Use the following in sentences of your own:

1. pen name
2. awkward amount
3. disposed of
4. laid down
5. took off
6. hunted out
7. frowned at
8. art gallery
9. rabbit-foot
10. loosen up
11. black sheep
12. modus operandi
13. to wag (something)
14. to be prudent
15. to repose confidence in
Answer:

1. Pen name: O Henry is the pen name of William Sydney Porter.
2. Awkward amount: Gillian’s uncle had left an awkward amount to him.
3. Disposed of: The case was disposed of very quickly.
4. Laid down: There was a condition laid down by the uncle.
5. Took off: The plane took off the right time.
6. Hunted out: The criminal was hunted out by special task force.
7. Frownedal: Gillian frowned at Bryson.
8. Art gallery: There was antique collection in the art gallery
9. Rabbit-foot: He couldn’t identify the rabbit-foot of his enemy.
10. Loosen up: Gillian wanted to loosen up his burden
11. Black sheep: His uncle was a black sheep.
12. Modus operandi: Gandhi was, very practical in his modus operand
13. To wag (something): When the dog saw its owner it began to wag its tail.
14. To be prudent: Gillian was not at all prudent
15. To repose confidence in: Tolman asked Gillian Lo repose his confidence in them

Comprehension

I. Choose the correct alternatives and complete the sentences

Question 1.
One thousand dollars were given to Gillian on the condition that
(a) he will spend it in a week
(b) he will render an account of expenditure
(c) he will spend it in one lot
(d) he will not spend it in gambling
Answer:
(b) he will render an account of expenditure

Question 2.
Gillian said he would have to engage’ secretary because
(a) he had a lot of work to do
(b) he got one thousand dollars
(c) he wanted to spend the money
(d) he had to render an account and he was not good at it
Answer:
(d) he had to render an account and he was not good at it

Question 3.
(IL-knry has compared Brvson’s interest in Gillian’s story with
(a) old Gillian’s grand-daughter
(b) old Gillian’s ward
(c) old Gillian’s niece
(d) old Gillian’s sister
Answer:
(a) old Gillian’s grand-daughter

II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each:

Question I.
Why did the lawyer give Gillian the money?
Answer:
The lawyer gave the money to Gillian because it was the share of the will of his uncle who died.

Question 2.
Why did Gillian call the amount of one thousand dollars a confoundedly awkward amount?
Answer:
Gillian called it so because he thought it to be a sary little to spend. Moreover, he had to submit an account for it.

Question 3.
Who bestowed the amount upon Gillian?
Answer:
Gillian’s uncle had bestowed the amount upon him.

Question 4.
Why did Gillian go to the club?
Answer:
Gillian went to the club to hunt for Old Bryson.

Question 5.
“Bryson was sequestered”, which sentence in the story shows this quality of Bryson?
Answer:
The-“When he saw Gillian approaching he sighed” shows this quality of Bryson.

Question 6.
What did Gillian consider as a joke in his uncle’s will?
Answer:
Gillian considered the fact to be a joke in uncle’s will. It was that his under was worth half a million dollars but he had left only a thousand dollars for Gillian.

Question 7.
What did Old Gillian bestow upon Miss Hayden?
Answer:
Gillian bestowed upon Miss Hayden his share of amount.

Question 8.
What would Gillian have done if his uncle had bestowed upon him a seal ring and ten dollars?
Answer:
Had his uncle bestowed upon Gillian a seal ring and ten dollars he would have enjoyed life never better than now with two bottles of brute and tripped the water with the ring. He would have kept all his business off.

Question 9.
What did Gillian want to spend the money at one go?
Answer:
Gillian wanted to spend the money at one go because he had to maintain an account and he hated itemizing.

Question 10.
What did the lawyer tell Gillian when he submitted his account?
Answer:
The lawyer told that his account would be examined as per the will of Old Gillian and if found to be prudent, wise or unselfish they would give him $ 50000 additional amount.

III. Answer the following questions in three or four sentences each.

Question 1.
Was Gillian satisfied with the amount his uncle bestowed upon him? Justify your answer by quoting the sentences from the text.
Answer:
As per lawyer Tolman Gillian’s uncle had bestowed to him $ 10,000 dollars in his will. Gillian was not at all satisfied with the amount. The following incidences justify this:

• It is such a confoundedly awkward amount he explained generally.
• What can a man possibly do with a thousand dollars

Question 2.
How did the author describe Bryson’s reaction when Gillian told him about one thousand dollars?
Answer:
When Gillian told Bryson about the one thousand dollars he showed as much interest as a bee show’s in a vinegar cruet. The author is very witty and ridiculous in his assessment of Bryson.

Question 3.
Why did Gillian call his uncle ‘the fairy godmother’?
Answer:
Gillian called his uncle ‘the fairy godmother’. As he thinks his uncle had a lot nearly half a million dollars. But he gave only a thousand of ‘ it to Gillian without assessing his status and need. He was not realise in his approach.

Question 4.
How did Gillian react to Bryson’s suggestions for spending the money?
Answer:
Gillian didn’t like the idea of Bryson about spending the amount left by his uncle. He told Bryson that he would be liked by people if he wouldn’t moralize. He also reacted that Bryson had suppressed him.

Question 5.
Why did Gillian go to Columbine Theatre? Why was he disappointed there?
Answer:
Gillian went to Columbine Club to meet Lotta Lauriene who dealt I in diamond pendant. He went there to see whether he could find any suitable s- prospect to spend the amount in one lump. He wasdisappointed for these was no such scope.

Question 6.
What did Gillian tell Miss Hayden before giving her one thousand dollars?
Answer:
Before giving one thousand dollars to Hayden Gillian told her that Tolman had found an amendment or a postscript to the will of the Old Gillian in which he had willed one thousand dollars to her. Tolman had sent him to hand it over to him.

Question 7.
Why did Gillian take back the envelope containing the account from the lawyer and tear it?
Answer:
When Gillian submitted his account of expenditure Tolman said to him that as per the will of the Old Gillian, the account was to be examined. If it was found justified and unselfish he would get another $ 50,000 dollars.; Gillian was aware that his account was not justified in that sense. So he took the account and tore it. Moreover, he wanted to get rid of getting any amount which required itemized account of expenditure.

IV. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each:

Question 1.
What did Bryson suggest Gillian to spend one thousand dollars?
Answer:
In this story Gillian gets one thousand dollars from his uncle who had died. But uncle had put a condition that Gillian had to submit a detailed account of the expenditure of the amount. As Gillian was poor in account he thought to consult Old Bryson. Bryson was a peculiar man. He suggested many ways to spend this amount. He told that with one thousand dollars one can buy a happy home, send one’s wife to south, one can buy pure milk for a hundred babies. One thousand dollars can also serve the purpose of educating an ambitious boy. One can move to New Hampshire and live respectfully for two years, and lecture one’s audience. He also suggested him to go to Miss Lotta Lauriene who was a diamond pendant dealer He asked him to buy some pendant. He suggested him to go to the ranches specially the sheep ranches. His ideas were ridiculous Hence, Gillian did not like it.

Question 2.
What type of man was young Gillian?
Answer:
Young Gillian was a unique character. He is a man of free will and careless life. He does not care for money. His uncle’s one thousand dollars has no much importance for him. He does not like keeping account of his expenses. He had been careless about his expenses. So his uncle had willed to give him the amount only if he submitted the detailed account of expenditure. He consults Bryson for his suggestions on his expenses. He suggests a number of options. Gillian does not like them as they involve itemizing when he hates. He wanted to spend it in one tump. Finally he gives the entire amount to Miss Hayden, a ward of his uncle Old Gillian.

He is full of emotion. He feels compassion for Hayden. In spite of Hayden’s dislike for himself he again and again expresses his love for her. Finally he submits his account to Tolman where he finds another trap for him. His account is to be examined. He takes his account back and tears it into bits to save him from the money. After all he is good man with qualities of a man of free will.

Question 3.
What do you mean by codicil? What was the codicil? What was the codicil to old Gillian’s will? Why did he make this arrangement?
Answer:
Codicil is the term which is used for a new but later addition in one’s will. In this story Old Gillian has left a will in which he Has expressed his desire for the distribution of his belongings after his life. He has given the part of his property to his dependents and other relatives. Gillian, his nephew, is one of them whom the old Gillian has given one thousand dollars. But he has put a condition, which dictates that Gillian has to submit a detailed account of his expenditure item-wise which Gillian does not like. However, he submits the account to get rid of it.

Then lawyer Tolman informs him about the codicil. As per this codicil his account was to be examined by Tolman and his partner sharp. If it was found to be justified, unselfish and wise, he would be rewarded with bonds of 50,000 dollars. If the amount was found to have been spent in the manner as had done in part the new reward would be given to Miss Hayden. Old Gillian might have made this codicil in order to put his nephew on proper track of life.

Question 4.
How did young Gillian feel about Miss Hayden? What acts of his suggest what he felt for her?
Answer:
Gillian is a man of full of love and compassion for others. He leads a carefree life. He doesn’t care for money. When he comes to know from Tolman that Hayden has got the ring and the $ 10,’ he feels sympathy for her. Actually he has soft comer for her in his heart. He goes to her straight way, gives the entire amount of one thousand dollars to her.

He does not tell her that it is his share that he is giving to her. He doesn’t want to let her know for this charity. Later he expresses his love for her. Though Miss Hayden doesn’t approve to it. She flatly rejects it in a sharp tone. Still Gillian is not annoyed. He writes a note that he is giving the amount of one thousand dollars to the best and dearest woman on earth. All his action shows how much he loves her.

Question 5.
What are the various alternatives that Gillian told Old Bryson for spending One thousand Dollars?
Answer:
Gillian, the central character of the story, is a man of free will. He does not care for what the others say for him. He is an extravagant. He lives life leisurely. When he gets one thousand dollars from his uncle, he feels awkward. It is only because he had to submit a detailed account of his expenditure. He doesn’t like itemizing.

He wants to find a way how he could spend the whole amount in one lump. Still he consults Old Bryson who could tell him some ways. He first tells him his own alternates about spending the amount. He wants to have two bottles of but, tripped the water with the ring and the whole business off his hands. For him one thousand dollars is only a little for anyone to spend.

Grammar

Look at the following sentences:

• A part of it goes to the man who invents a new bacillus.
• She is a ward of my uncle who lived in his house.
• There he hunted out one whom he called old Bryson.

All these sentences have two clauses. The highlighted clause one called relative clauses. They are also called Adjective clauses because they perform the function of adjective i. e.. describing a noun or a pronoun in the principal clause. Can you identify the nouns/pronouns that the underlines clauses describe?

These clauses may occur with or without relative pronouns. These relative pronouns vary slight according to whether they refer to persons or things, and according to whether they are subjects or objects of a verb or in the possessive case. They do not van for singular or plural or masculine or feminine.

Look how relative pronouns are used in the following sentences.

• The man who stole your watch has been arrested.
• The girl who you were talking to a little while ago is my sister.
• The boy whose book you are reading is a friend of mine.
• The girl you are playing with is in class XII,
• The book (that) you are reading is written by my father.

In sentence 2 ‘who’ has been used in place of ‘whom’ In modem English ‘whom’ is very’ rarely used.
In sentence 4 no relative pronoun has been used In sentence 5 ‘that’ can be deleted. Join the following pairs of sentences using one of them as a relative clause.

1. The girls serve in the shop
The girls are the owner’s daughter.

2. People are trapped in a lift
The film is about these people.

3. The girls arc always complaining about their long hours
He employs the girls

4 We saw it.
It astonished us,

5. The ladder began to slip.
I was standing on the ladder

6, The car broke down after two kilometres.
I hired the car.

7 This is the picture.
The picture caused a lot of controversy.

8.The film is about a spy.
The spy’s wife betrayed him

9. You need information.
This book will give you the information.

10 She gave me a sweater.
She knitted it herself
Answer:

1. The girl who senes in the shop is the owner’s daughter.
2. The film is about the people w ho are trapped in a lift.
3. The girls whom he employs arc always complaining about their long hours
4.  What I saw astonished us.
5. The ladder on which I was standing began to slip.
6. The car which 1 hired broke down after two kilometers.
7. This is the picture which caused a lot of controversy
8. The film is about a spy whose wife betrayed him
9. This book will give you the information which you need.
10. She gave me a sweater which she knitted herself.

Speaking Activity

(See Text book page 114)
Find examples of both the types of ironies in the story and discuss them in groups Each group then presents what conclusions they have come to about
1. How it is verbal irony. Give examples.
2. Which is the irony of situations in the story. Give examples
Answer:
1 Example of verbal irony

• It’s such a confoundedly awkward amount,
• Uncle was a fairy godmother as far as an allowance is concerned

2. Example of situational irony

• Paid by a black sheep. Robert Gillian. $ 1000 on account of the internal happiness owed by Heaven to the best and dearest woman on earth.
• ‘It’s all right he said, “there is not a bit of need to bother you with this. I don’t suppose you’d understand these itemized bets, anyway I lost a thousand dollars on the races Good-bye to you gentleman.

Writing Activity

1. Suppose you have been given rupees one crore and asked to spend it in one month. The condition is that you will not spend it in reprehensible dissipation, how will you spend it?
2. Taking the cue form the story write the story in the form of dialogues. All characters speak for themselves.
Answer:
1. Do yourself.
2. Do yourself.

3. If you were Gihian uncle how would you distribute your money in your relatives and your employees. You have two sons and one daughter and four employees One manager. One accountant, two house keepers and you have the following assets. One home with furnishings, one factory (sick), a car and a farm house, cash in fixed deposits about 20,00,000 and gold ornaments worth 10,00,000. Use the legal terms from the text to complete your document.
Consider the following before writing your will:

• Close relatives
• Needy relatives
• Deserving on the basis of merit.
• Devotion of your employee
• Your feeling towards them
• Ability.

Now bequeth your property and wealth and other assets to the following in proper proportions.
Answer:
Do yourself

Think It Over

What will happen to people’s property if there was no legal procedures for inheritance?
Answer:
Do yourself

Things To do

Enact the play you have written the dialogues for your class or school.
Answer:
Do yourself.

One Thousand Dollars Summary in English

‘One thousand Dollar’ is one of the most popular stories of 0. Henry It is an interesting story told in a humorous way. The story begins with Lawyer Tolman’s revealation to young Gillian about the will of his uncle Gillian’s uncle has left one thousand dollars for him. The uncle is-no more. For Gillian it is an awkward amount and he feels it troublesome to spend it: Tolman also tells him that the amount be given to him only after he submits an account of the manner of expenditure of this entire amount of one thousand dollars. As soon as he does it. he would receive the amount from the lawyer.

As Gillian is not very perfect in accounts, he decides to consult a secretary. He goes to old Bryson who is calm at forty and likes to remain apart from others. When Gillian comes Bryson is reading a book in a comer. Gillian’s presence makes him annoyed. However, Gillian seeks his permission to tell him a story assuring him that it is a funny story unlike the others. He begins that his uncle has a legal pirate. He had left one thousand dollars for Gillian. He had left his whole cargo of doubloons to a microbe A part of it goes to the man who invests a new bacillus and the rest to establish a hospital. The butter and the house-keeper get a seal-ring and ten dollars each.

Gillian is confused about how to spend such a little amount. Old Bryson tells him that one can speed it in many ways. One can buy a happy home: send his wife south saving her life. One can buy pure milk for one hundred babies during June, July, and August and save fifty of their life. One can move to a new Hampshire town and can live there for two years. One can rent Madison Square Garden for one evening with this amount and lecture the audience. Gillian says old Bryson that he would be a lovely figure if he would not moralize. He had asked Bryson about how he could spend the amount.

But Bryson had distorted it. Later Bryson says to Gillian that he could buy a diamond pendant from Miss Lotta Lauriene. Thanking Mr. Bryson Gillian goes his own way. He comes to Miss Lotta Lauriene who deals in cosmetics. There he enquires about the price for different items but doesn’t feel it a suitable place to spend. He leaves the place. He asks the cab-driver what he would do if he gets thousand dollars. He instantly replies that he would open a saloon. He also suggests a four-storeyed-complex where he could go with his amount. Gillian is confused. He meets a blind man and asks him the same question.

Later the blind pencil dealer offered Gillian a book. It was a bank deposit book of the blind man with a balance of $ 1.785 to his credit Gillian saw it and then rushed to the office of the Tolman & Sharp, at Broadway. He asks lawyer Tolman whether Miss Hayden left am thing by his uncle’s will besides the ring and the $10 Tolman says Nothings Thanking him Gillian goes to Miss Hayden in the library. She is small and slender clothed in black.

Gillian tells him that he was there directly from Mr. Tolman. He has come there to inform her all about the w ill of his uncle. He informed her that there was new amendment found in it and she has got one thousand dollars. He offers this amount to her and asks her to count it. Miss Hayden turns while. Gillian then expresses his love for her to which Miss Hayden says sorry, Gillian then writes a note that he had willingly given the one thousand dollar amount to the lady to whom he thought to be the best and dearest one on the earth.

Then Gillian comes to lawyer Tolman and says that he has spent the entire amount and submits the account of detail Tolman calls his partner Sharp. They drag an envelope from their safe T hen Tolman informs Gillian that there was something extra in his uncle’s will which was not told him earlier. It was to be revealed to him only after he submitted, the account of the first term. As per this new information Gillian’s account would be examined by Tolman and Sharp If the expenses would be found prudent, wise or unselfish Gillian would be given $50,000 additional amount which was reversed for that purpose. Otherwise it would be given to Miriam Hayden. Now assuring for justice Tolman wishes to open the envelop submitted by Gillian.

It irritates Gillian. He takes up the envelop before Tolman could take it and tears it in bits. He tells Tolman and Sharp that they won’t understand the itemized bets of expenditure. He simply says that he has lost the amount in races. Then he leaves the place gaily. He was very happy.

One Thousand Dollars Summary in Hindi

One Thousand Dollar O. Henry के सर्वाधिक लोकप्रिय कहानियों में एक है। यह एक मजेदार कहानी है जिसे मनोरंजक ढंग से प्रस्तुत किया गया है। कहानी की शुरुआत वकील Tolman के एक युवा Gillian से उसके चाचा के वसीयत के खुलासे के साथ होती है। Gillian के चाचा ने उसके लिए एक हजार डॉलर छोड़ दिये है। चाचा की मृत्यु हो चुकी है। Gillian के लिए चाचा द्वारा छोड़ा हुआ वसीयत एक बकवास है और उसे खर्च करने में परेशानी महसूस करता है। Tolman उसे यह भी बताता है कि यह रकम उसे तथा दी जाएगी जब वह इस पूरे एक हजार, डॉलर के खर्च करने के तरीके का पूरा ब्यौरा देगा। जैसे ही वह इस काम को करता है उसे वकील से यह रकम प्राप्त हो जाएगी।

चूंकि Gillian हिसाब में अधिक परिपक्व नहीं है इसलिए वह एक सेक्रेटरी से मशविरा करने का निश्चय करता है। वह Bryson के पास जाता है जो चालीस साल का शांत चित्त व्यक्ति है और सभी लोगों से दूर रहना चाहता है। जब Gillian आता है तो Bryson एक कोने में एक किताब पढ़ रहा होता है। Gillian का आना उसे अच्छा नहीं लगता है। फिर Gillian उससे एक कहानी सुनाने की अनुमति प्राप्त कर लेता है यह भरोमा दिलाते हुए कि यह अन्य कहानियों से बिल्कुल अलग एक मजेदार कहानी है। वह शुरु करता है कि उसके चाचा के पास एक कानूनी दस्युपोत था। उन्होंने Gillian के लिए एक हजार डॉलर छोड़ा था। उन्होंने अपना सम्पूर्ण जहाजी बेड़ा कीड़ों के लिए छोड़ दिया। इसका कुछ अंश एक वैसे आदमी को जाता है जो नए जीवाणओं की खोज में लगा हुआ है और शेष एक अस्पताल की स्थापना के लिए। प्रहरी और घर की देखभाल करने वाले को एक-एक पहचान मुद्रा (अंगूठी) और दस डॉलर दिए गए।

Gillian उलझन में है कि कैसे इतनी छोटी रकम खर्च करें। Bryson उससे कहता है कि वह इसे कई तरह से खर्च कर सकता है। कोई एक अच्छा-सा घर खरीद सकता है, अपनी पत्नी को बचाने के लिए दक्षिण की सैर करा सकता है, कोई शुद्ध दूध एक हजार बच्चों के पोषण के लिए जून-जुलाई-अगस्त के महीने में खरीद सकता है और उससे प्यासों की जान बचा सकता है। कोई शहर में जा सकता है और वहां दो साल तक रह सकता है। काई Madison Square Garden को एक शाम के लिए किराए पर ले सकता है और एक बड़ी भीड को संबोधित कर सकता है। Gillian Bryson से कहता है कि यदि वह इस तरह नैतिक पाठ न पढ़ाए तो लोग अवश्य उसे पसंद करेंगे। लेकिन Bryson इसे मोड़-तोड़कर पेश करता है। बाद Bryson Gillian से कहता है कि वह Lotta Laurine से हीरों के हार खरीद सकता है।

Mr. Bryson को धन्यवाद देते हुए Gillian अपनी राह चला जाता है। वह Miss Lotta Lauriene के पास जाता है जो शृंगार प्रसाधनों का व्यापार करती है। वहां वह विभिन्न सामानों के दाम पूछता है। लेकिन खर्च करने के लिए यह उसे उचित जगह नहीं लगती। वह वहां से चला जाता है। वह गाड़ीवान से पूछता है कि यदि उसे एक हजार डॉलर मिले तो वह क्या करेगा। वह तपाक से जवाब देता है कि वह एक सैलून खोलेगा। वह उसे एक मंजिली इमारत के बारे में बताता है, जहां वह अपनी रकम लेकर जा सकता है। Gillian परेशान है वह एक अंधे आदमी से मिलता है और उससे भी यही सवाल करता
बाद में अंधे पेंसिल बेचने वाले ने Gillian को एक किताब दिखाई। यह उस अंधे आदमी का बैंक का पास बुक था जिसमें एक हजार सात सौ पचासी डॉलर शेष था।

Gillian ने इसे देखा और फिर तेजी से Broadway पर स्थित Tolman और Sharp के कार्यालय की ओर चल पड़ा। उसने वकील Tolman से पूछा कि क्या उसके चाचा ने Miss Hayden के लिए अंगूठी और दस डॉलर के सिवा और भी कुछ छोड़ा है। Tolman ने कहा, कुछ नहीं। Gillian उसे धन्यवाद देते हुए Miss Hayden के लाइब्रेरी में जाता है। वह एक छोटी झुकी काले कपड़े पहने है। Gillian उससे कहता है कि वह सीधे Mr. Tolman के कार्यालय से आ रहा है। वह वहां अपने चाचा के वसीयत के बारे में सबकुछ बताने आया है। उसने उसे बताया कि इसमें कुछ नए सुधार का पता चला है और उसे एक हजार डॉलर दिया गया है। वह उसे रकम देता है और उससे गिनने के लिए कहता है।

One Thousand Dollars Word Meaning

One Thousand Dollars Comprehension

Read the following passages carefully and answer the questions that follow:

1. “You heard the reading of your uncle’s will”, continued Lawyer Tolman, professionally dry in his tones. “I do not know if you paid much attention to its details. I must remind you of one. You are required to tender to us an account of the manner of expenditure of this $ 1,000 as soon as you have disposed of it. The will stipulates that. I trust that you will so far comply with the late Mr.Gillian’s wishes.”

Questions:
(i) Who is ‘you’ in these lines?
(ii) What does lawyer Tolman declare?
(iii) What is written in the uncle’s will?
(iv) What is the condition in the will?
(v) Find a word in the passage which is similar in meaning to ‘submit’?
Answers:
(i) ‘You’ is Mr. Gillian.
(ii) Lawyer Tolman declares the will of Gillian’s uncle.
(iii) In the uncle’s will it is written that Gillian would get one thousand dollars from the uncle’s belongings.
(iv) The condition in the will is that Gillian is required to tender an account of the manner of expenditure of the entire amount.
(v) ‘tender’.

2. “None”, Gillian frowned at his cigarette and kicked the upholdstered leather of a divan uneasily. “There is a miss Hayden, a ward of my uncle who lived in his house. She’s a quite thing-musical-the daughter of somebody who was unlucky enough to be his friend. I forgot to say that she was in on the seal ring and $ 10 joke, too. I wish I had been. Then I could have had two bottles of Brut, tripped the waiter with the ring, and had the whole business off my hands. Don’t be superior and insulting. Old Bryson-tell me what .a fellow can do with a thousand dollars,”

Questions:
(i) Who is Miss Hayden?
(ii) What is her nature?
(iii) What does she get from uncle’s property?
(iv) Had Gillian got the same thing, what would have he done with it?
(v) Give a word from the passage opposite in meaning to ‘inferior’.
Answers:
(i) Miss Hayden is a ward of Gillian’s uncle.
(ii) She is quite and musical.
(‘iii) She gets the seal ring and ten dollars.
(iv) Gillian would have spent it for two bottles of brut and tipped the waiter with a ring.
(v) ‘superior’.

3. “I’ve just come from old Tolman’s,” he explained. “They’ve been going over the papers down there. They found a-Gillian searched his memory for a legal term-“they found an amendment or a postscript or something to the Will. It seemed that the old boy loosened up a little on second thought and willed you a thousand dollars. I was driving up this way and Tolman asked me to bring you the money. Here it is. You’d better count it to see if it’s right”, Gillian laid the money beside her hand on the desk.

Questions:
(i) Where has Gillian come?
(ii) What does he say to Miss Hayden?
(iii) What does he do?
(iv) What is the meaning of ‘amendment’?
Answers:
(i) Gillian has come to Miss Hayden’s house.
(ii) He says to her that he came there to inform her about some amendment or a postscript to the will of his uncle.
(iii) He hands over to her the entire amount of one thousand dollars.
(iv) ‘change’

4. “Mr. Gillian”’, he said, formally, ‘there was codicil to your uncle’s Will. It was intrusted to us privately, with instructions that it be not opened until you had furnished us with a full account of your handling of the $ 1000 bequest in the will. As you have fulfilled the conditions, my partner and I have read the codicil. I do not wish to encumber your understanding with y its legal phraseology, but I will acquaint you with the spirit of its contents.

Questions:
(i) What does Tolman say to Mr. Gillian?
(ii) What is the codicil’
(iii) What would happen with Gillian’s account?
(iv) What is the meaning of ‘encumber’?
Answers:
(i) Tolman says to Mr Gillian that there is a codicil to his uncle’s will.
(ii) The codicil is that it is to be announced to Gillian only after he submits the account.
(iii) Gillian’s account would be examined by Tolman and his partner.
(iv) ‘prevent something from moving’.

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