Bhagya

MP Board Solutions for 12th Special English Writing Short Composition Questions and Answers aids you to prepare all the topics in it effectively. You need not worry about the accuracy of the Madhya Pradesh Board Solutions for 12th Special English as they are given adhering to the latest exam pattern and syllabus guidelines.

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MP Board Class 12th Special English Writing Short Composition

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1. Robert of Class XII is not coming to school because he is suffering from fever. He wants you to write an application to the Principal to excuse his absence from school for a week: Write this letter on his behalf. (M.P. Board 2009)
Answer:
The Principal
Sr. Sec. School
XYZ Block
New Delhi
19th December, 20xx

Subject: Leave application due to fever.

Sir,
I am David of Class XII. I am, on behalf of Robert writing this letter to you g. to inform you that he will be unable to attend the school from 17 Dec. 20xx as he has been suffering from typhoid fever. He is taking strong medicines to relieve himself of the disease but it will still take him about one more week to get well. At present he is unable to even write, so I am writing this application on his behalf. Please grant him one week’s leave. He will make up for the classes. I am sure you will understand his plight and grant him leave.

Thanking you.

Yours sincerely
‘David,
XII-A

2. Abhishek of 8, Indira Nagar, Bhopal is not happy with the sanitary conditions of his locality. He decides to write a letter to the local sanitary Inspector of the town to look into the sorry state of affairs. Write a letter on his behalf. (M.P. Board 2009)
Answer:
The Sanitary Inspector
Bhopal Municipal Corporation
Bhopal
27th November, 20xx ,

Subject: Complaint regarding poor sanitary conditions.

Sir,
I am Abhishek, a local resident of 8, Indira Nagar, Bhopal. It is unfortunate that the local civic bodies have remained indifferent towards the cleaning of Indira Nagar locality. Our area presently is in a sorry state of affairs. There are no sweepers to clear the heaps of garbage that lie unattended and start emitting foul smell. The garbage also attracts street dogs and pigs who are keen on rolling over there. The drains of our locality are perpetually blocked and this creates totally insanitary and unhygienic conditions. Installation of dust-bins in the locality has not really helped to improve the situation because even if people make use of these dustbins to dispose of garbage, these dustbins are rarely emptied. It is advisable to supply big polythene litter bags, instead of dustbins, which make the disposition of garbage easier. The water-logging in the locality has proved an ideal breeding place for mosquitoes. The need of the hour is to have regular visits of officials from your department to inspect the locality and to have meetings with the residents of the locality in order to make our locality a better and hygienic place to live in.

I hope you will personally supervise this situation and we hope to hear from you soon.

Yours sincerely
Abhishek

3. Srishti has been asked to write an information brochure for her classmates who plan an excursion to Fatehgarh in summer. She has made the following notes. Use these notes together with your own ideas and write the brochure.

Answer:
This summer, as usual, we have planned an excursion for the class—a visit to FATEHGARH which is not only beautiful but also has a historical significance. Fatehgarh lies in the State of Uttar Pradesh. It is an eight-hour journey by bus; On reaching Fatehgarh we will be lounged in a Government Guest House. From there we shall proceed to visit the most famous place in Fatehgarh, the Maharani’s Palace, which includes the Wax Palace. It was built in 540 A.D. and it is known for its whispering galleries and the beautiful sculptures of ancient rulers. These sculptures are ancient, so it is not surprising that the limbs of a few rulers in some of these sculptures may be found missing. This palace is indeed one of the few examples of ancient Indian art and gives us a peep into the glorious and rich cultural art of ancient Indian history.

To cool you in the summers, we shall visit the Varsha waterfalls which fall from a height of 500 feet. It is a splendour to watch the water as it lashes down on to the ground and presents the most delightful sight. We also plan a visit to a stream which lies on the outskirts of Fatehgarh. Besides this, our excursion will include a visit to the beautiful rose gardens, fruit orchards and vineyards to view the flowers and the fruits in their full bloom. It promises to be an excursion which should not be missed and I can assure you that Our visit to Fatehgarh will be the most exciting and informative.

4. Sumit lives in a village. The entire village is worried about the degradation of Nila Lake in the village. He writes an article for publication in the local newspaper highlighting various factors responsible for the degradation of the lake. Use the information given below and write the article.

Answer:
I am being compelled to write this article to voice the concern of our entire village, Rampur, regarding the degradation of Nila Lake. This lake has been a part and parcel of our lives for numerous years and so it is very natural that our entire village is concerned about its degradation.

To provide an easy access to our village the construction of numerous roads and bridges has been taken up in recent years. Unfortunately, this has led to flooding almost every year during the rainy season and has also disturbed the natural drainage system. Due to deforestation of a large portion of the catchment area around the lake, the water level of the lake has decreased and there has been an increase in ’ the growth of weeds. There is also a considerable amount of reduction of fish in the lake. Illegal occupation of land around the lake has led to blockage of canals and shortage of drinking water. The lake water has become very polluted and there is a loss of water organisms. The number of migratory birds visiting the area has also decreased. So, it is indeed pathetic to see this slow but sure degeneration of Nila Lake which has been a major source of sustenance of our entire village.

We sincerely hope that after going through this article in your esteemed newspaper, concerned environmentalists will surely come forward to save Nila Lake from total degradation and effective measures will be taken up to improvise upon the present situation.

5. You are required to write an article for your school magazine on ‘Importance of Music in Life.’ Write it with the help of these notes in about 150-175 words.
Answer:
Music, be it vocal or instrumental, has indeed assumed a place of importance in , our complicated and hectic lives. It acts as a stimulant which activates our body ’ and mind. Music is also regarded as a fine art which attracts people of all age groups to pursue it not only as a hobby but also as a profession. A person endowed with musical capabilities regards this attribute as a natural gift which provides food for his soul. Some of the great musicians are held in very high esteem irrespective of the kind of music they propagate, whether Western, Oriental, Classical, Pop or Light. These musicians organise their concerts which attract people from all walks of life. These concerts can also be of great benefit to the children, who are interested in pursuing music as a hobby or career in their lives and receive musical training at the school level itself. By receiving training in music from a very young age, the basics of music will be instilled in a child and he will be able to relate to music very easily at a later stage in life. Therefore, each school should have the facilities needed .to give proper musical training to children. It is true that life these days is full of tensions and worries at every age. If there is no stimulating diversion in the form of music for a person, his life will become dismal and monotonous.

6. John writes a page of his diary recording his first experience of a public exami-nation. Below are listed his experiences. Write out a page of his diary.
Answer:
5th March, 20xx, 2 p.m.
On entering the examination hall/1 was appearing for my first public examination, the Science Olympiad, I had an extremely nervous feeling. The examination hall presented a rather dreary look. The only saving grace, in my opinion, Was a beautiful and enchanting portrait of Virgin Mary With Baby Jesus in her arms, hung inside the examination hall, to invoke a sense of confidence in the students and to remind us that we had the guidance and blessings of the Lord. I prayed to God fervently uncaring about the noise around me. The other students were rushing towards the examination hall and were busy in finding the correct seats in a hall that looked huge and overwhelmingly frightening. Once everyone had been seated, the examiner gave us some instructions regarding what we were required to do and what we were strictly prohibited from doing.

Then I received the Question Paper and I sat thoughtfully reading and reflecting on it. After I had giveh a thorough reading to the Question Paper, I began to answer it keeping in mind the fact that I had three hours to complete the paper. I managed to complete the paper fifteen minutes before the stipulated time and then began revising my paper. I spotted and corrected the few silly mistakes and errors that I had made and re-wrote some lines. After being totally satisfied with all that I had written, I finished my paper, took God’s name for yet another time and finally submitted it to the examiner.

Yours sincerely,
John

7. Gopal of 12, Raja Ki Mandi, Agra, wants to express his displeasure to the Newspaper Editor regarding the news that the bus stand near the railway station is being shifted to a new location. He feels that this would cause great hardship to the passengers. He made these notes for writing a letter to the Editor, The Times of India, New Delhi.Write that letter with the help of given notes.
Answer:
The Editor
The Times of India
New Delhi
19th December, 20xx ,
Subject: Regarding the news of bus stand near railway, station.

Sir,
Through the medium of this letter I wish to express my displeasure at the news that the bus stand, which is near the railway station, is being shifted to a new location. This will indeed be a cause of great hardship to the passengers who are commuting daily by bus and train. The present location of the bus stand is very convenient for the people who have to travel by train from their homes to their place of work. These daily commuters find it extremely easy to board a bus from the near by railway station where they disembark from the train. If the bus stand is shifted, the common « man will be forced to waste his time, energy, and money unnecessarily. Many shops have also come up in the vicinity of the bus stand. These shopkeepers will also lose their earnings if the bus stand is shifted because their regular customers are those people who commute daily by bus and the tourists who come to visit Agra in order to see one of the seven wonders of the world, The Taj Mahal. Even the commuters have An easy access to the market from where they can purchase the goods for their daily needs easily.

I suggest a solution to this problem. If the urgency is felt, it is advisable to add one more bus stand at a distance instead of shifting the present bus stand to a new location and causing a great deal of inconvenience to all.

Yours sincerely
Gopal

8. Special repairs are required in your rented house. You have to write a letter to your landlord asking him to undertake the repair work immediately. Take the help of these notes and write a letter in not more than 100-125 words. (M.P. Board 2014,16)
Answer:
A-394, XYZ Colony .
ABC Block
11th June, 20xx –

Dear Mr. Dev,
I had written to you earlier also to get some repair work done in your house, which you have rented me.

Now since the rainy season is at the onset, I reiterate my request to you to undertake this repair work immediately. The roof is leaking at various places and the wall’s ‘ plaster has also come off. Not only this, the floor has pot-holes, which cause a lot of inconvenience. The window panes of three windows are broken making the house an easy prey to the warm winds and dust from outside. The switches too are loose and there is a danger of short circuit. The premises also needs white-wash and paint on the doors and windows. The house is indeed in a pathetic and appalling state and requires urgent repairs. I am willing to share the cost of the repairs with . you. With your permission I can get the repairs done myself and the expenditure can be later deducted in the rent in monthly instalments.
I request you to give priority attention to this matter and hope to hear from you at \ the earliest.

Yours sincerely
ABC

9. You had sent a Money Order of ? 100 to M/s Subroto Publishing House, 36, Tagore Gardens, Kolkata as per the details given below. But it has not reached them till date. The details are: Money Order Registration No. 119 dated 2-l-20xx. Your address is 11, Teachers’ Colony, Naraingarh, (Punjab).
Write a letter of complaint to the Post Master in about 100-125 words.
Answer:
The Post Master
Naraingarh (Punjab)
31th January, 20xx

Subject: Complaint regarding delay of money order.

I would like to give in a written complaint regarding a misplaced Money Order that I had sent from your Post Office to Kolkata.

The Money Order Registration No. is 119 dated 2nd January 20xx. I had sent this Money Order of ₹100 to M/s Subroto Publishing House, 36, Tagore Gardens, Kolkata for a book that I needed urgently. On enquiring from them yesterday I found out that they had not dispatched the book because they have not received the required payment yet, whereas I have already sent ₹100 through a Money Order to them almost one month ago. Due to some negligence on the part of the Post Office Department, my Money Order has not yet reached them. I need the book urgently to prepare for my exams scheduled to start in the middle of March. So, it is my earnest request to you to look personally into the matter and make sure that my Money Order is received in Kolkata as soon as possible.

I hope you will ensure that my complaint is attended to at the earliest.

Thanking you.

Yours sincerely,
XYZ.

a sincere effort to keep our city clean, as a beautiful and clean city beckons the tourists.
By making these simple, but significant things possible, I am sure, tourism in our city can be improved.

Yours faithfully,
XYZ.

12. In an inter-school debate you have to speak in favour of the motion ‘Modem Gadgets have made us slaves tp machines’. Write a speech in favour of this motion,
Answer:
‘Modern Gadgets have made us slaves to machines’. Respected Principal, dear – teachers and my dear friends, today I am here to speak in favour of the topic ‘Modern Gadgets’ have made us slaves to machines’. I am endorsing the following points in favour of the given topic.

Modem gadgets have made us slaves to machines, without which it is as if our lives will undoubtedly come to a standstill. They have made the world jump forward with a leap, built up a glittering civilization, opened up innumerable avenues for the growth of knowledge, and added to the power of man to such an extent that it is possible to conceive that man could triumph over and shape his physical ! environment. Through the astonishing discoveries of these modern gadgets, man has been able to give a definite form to his imagination. It is indeed a fact that as a result of the invention of modern gadgets the tone and temper of life has changed beyond recognition. Through wireless telegraphs and fax machines messages can now be easily sent to any part of the world.

Modem gadgets incorporate all fhe comforts and highest standards in engineering innovation and reliability that have greatly contributed tp man’s welfare. New equipment for navigation, data-processing, computer-controlled radar system providing information on a variety of new products for use at construction sites are only some of the advantages of the modern gadgets. They have also greatly contributed’to our entertainment as radios, televisions, compact discs both audio and visual—are now no longer considered as luxury items but have assumed the status of being referred to as necessities. Indeed the advantages of these gadgets ate so many that they appear to have revolutionised every phase of life.

13. Anite johri of class X has just returned from a visit to Ooty which is in the grip of a severe water crisis. She finds that her hometown is also facing the same problem. She had picketl up th e following pamphlet from her hotel room and wants it tp be publicised.
WATER IS LIFE

She decides to write a letter to the editor of the local newspaper highlighting ways and means of saving water.
Answer:
13, Baird Road
Pune, Maharashtra
The Editor
National Herald
Pune
11th June, 20xx ‘

Subject: Pamphlet publication regarding water crisis.

Sir,
I have returned from a visit to Ooty recently, which was in the grip of a severe water crisis. On returning to Pune, I found that the water problem is equally pathetic here. So, I would like to sugges* certain measures to save water. I had picked up a pamphlet from the hotel where I was staying at Ooty which highlighted the ways to save water and I want it to be publicised through your esteemed newspaper. Washing our hands and face under a running tap for only two minutes wastes about 27 litres of water whereas a half filled basin can do this work with only 2 litres of water. While brushing our teeth, if we let the tap run for five minutes, we waste 45 litres of water but if we use a glass of water, we consume only half a litre of water. If we turn off the tap while soaping our body before bathing, we use only f. 20 litres of water, whereas if we let it run we waste about 90 litres. We should avoid using bath-tubs as a filled bath tub wastes 110 litres of water. A leaky tap must be j repaired immediately because if the tap is allowed to leak slowly, it wastes 400 litres of water a day and a fast drip wastes 3,000 litres of water a day.

If each and every one of us understands it and decides to follow this simple but very important rule, we are sure to remedy our present water crisis to a great extent.

Yours sincerely
Anita Johri

14. Read the following extract from an article in a magazine and then using your own ideas as well, write an article for your school magazine on the Delights and Usefulness of Walking.
Answer:
The saying aptly goes, ‘A healthy body has a healthy mind’. So, it is imperative for each one of us to keep good health if we want our mind to be alert. In today’s hectic and busy life, it may, at times seem difficult to devote time for activities that keep us fit. This is where walking proves to be the most useful and easy activity.

Walking not only keeps our body healthy by the circulation of blood but also provides a delightful respite for us by the sheer delight it gitves. However, it is indeed a pity that some people who are most interested in walking refrain from it because in India walking is associated with deprivation and poverty. The false pride and wrong thinking then make them travel by car for even the shortest of distance. They would prefer to miss out on the delights of walking and prefer not to care about the good it would do to their health so as not to endanger their false prestige. It is high time that the educated lots of Indians put aside these petty notions and live their life for themselves and live it according to what they feel i s the best for them. Walking does not indicate deprivation and poverty and it is only the thinking of certain narrowminded people who have categorised the people walking or pedestrians as second class people.

Walking should be enjoyed as it gives pleasure and provides a wonderful opportunity for us to be in direct contact with nature, unlike at times the irksome ahd suffocating journey in a closed vehicle.

15. Read the following summary of a study conducted titled, ‘The Impact of Television Advertising on Children’. Write an article for the school magazine titled ‘Children and TV Advertising’.
Answer:

Children and TV Advertising

Television has become a very popular mode of entertainment which is unfortunately also making children more and more addicted to watching it. The television programmes pose to dominate their daily routine and many a time children do not even hesitate to ignore their studies because of their passion to stay glued to the television sets.

Almost seventy-five per cent of the children, who watch television most eagerly, are essentially interested in seeing various types of advertisements on the television. Children in the younger age group, below ten years of age, view the advertisements with more interest and enthusiasm than they watch any other programme on television. This is so because they see these advertisements as wonderful and short pictures with story lines and their inquisitive nature is so impatient that they can easily endure these short ad films with a lot of patience. These young children are totally taken in by the vibrant and glorious world shown in the various ad films. Also sometimes the content of an advertisement is not apt for children which further takes a toll their innocent minds.

It is only the older and mature children who understand that the ad films’ mere intention is to lure the consumer into buying their products by elevating their goods to a high scale where they appear most appealing and attractive. So, it is our moral responsibility to make sure that the young children’s innocent and ignorant minds are not impressed by what the ad films have to offer, but they view them solely for their entertainment.

16. Maria of 7, Gandhi Road, Jaipur, is very interested in sports and concerned about the state of sports in the country. She decides to write a letter to the editor of The Herald, Jaipur, on Why can’t we win an Olympic Gold? Write out the letter on her behalf.
Answer:
The Editor
The Herald
Jaipur
12th September, 20xx

Subject: Letter regarding India’s poor performance in Olympic Games.

Sir,
I write this letter to you as a concerned sports enthusiast to express my anguish at the poor state of sports in our country, as a result of which we have been unable to win only a gold medal in the Olympic Games held so far.

I feel that there is no sports culture in our country, in general, and so we are not able to nurture and groom the plenty of talent that our nation has. When the sportspersons of our country have to play and compete with international players in the World Olympics, their training and coaching should also match to that of their international counterparts, whereas in ctur country, the facilities for training and coaching are lacking and to a certain extent expenditure to enhance these fa cilities is sometimes considered as not necessary., We may fail to realize the importance of coaching centres in our day-to-day life but our inability to win a gold medal at the Olympic Games so far should make us realize the importance, of trainirig centres. It is also very unfortunate that the funds and sports scholarships available to budding sportspersons are very few. Political intervention at the time of selection also at times prevents the selectors in selecting the better players to play at the international level. Last but not the least, the public in general and the selectors and trainers in particular, do not seem to be affected by the lack of this’sports culture’in our country. Through your esteemed newspaper, I wish to appeal to the sports enthusiasts as well as people in general to boost up the sports culture in our country.

Yours sincerely
Maria

17. Vi jay witnessed an accident near theschool gate where a child fell down and was hurt quite badly. Many people were standing around but did not knoVift what to do. Finally, , someone who had a car quickly took him to hospital. However, Vijay felt that at least some of the students should have been able to render first-aid. He decided to write a letter to the editor about the importance of knowing first-aid. Using your own ideas write out Vijay’s letter in not more than 100-125 words.
Answer:
The Editor
News Week
17th October, 20xx

Subject: Indias regarding importance of knowing first-aid.

Sir,
Last week, I witnessed an accident near the school gate where a child fell down and hurt himself badly. The people standing around were unable to do anything except look on helplessly. It was at this moment that I realized the importance of knowing first-aid.

I feel that it is imperative for students specially and the people in general to at least ’ have the basic knowledge of rendering first-aid in case of an emergency. The use of first-aid often helps us to sustain a life till proper medical aid is available. The knowledge of first-aid will prove helpful not only in case of an accident but also to treat a burntictim, help a drowned casualty, and at times just to stop one from bleeding. The importance of first-aid should be instilled into the minds of children : at the school stage itself so that they do not panic in an accidental situation but cautiously and sensibly put their knowledge about rendering first-aid to the person who requires it into practice. Nothing is more precious to a person than his life and if timely use of first-aid can help someone till the time professional medical help is : available, it can prove to be the life-saving remedy.

Hence, everyone must have the knowledge of first-aid.

Yours sincerely
veerendra

18. Gaurav read the following in a newspaper article:
At the heart of the literacy campaign is the volunteer, who as instructor, resource person or local organiser, gives freely of her or bis time and puts in enormous effort to make the campaign succeed. He decided to speak at the school assembly on the experience of students who volunteer to take literacy classes. Write out his speech.
Answer:
Respected principal, dear teachers and my dear friends, today I wish speak on the problem of illiteracy in our country and the role of volunteers, organisers, who put their enormus efforts to eradicate this problem. You all are humbly advised to contribute your spare time to make this literacy mission a success.

Illiteracy is one of the major problems that confront our country. This problem assumes alarming proportions because of the democratic rule in our country. Democracy, which postulates enlightenment, is by and large a blessing, and illiteracy, which implies ignorance is therefore a curse.

To eradicate illiteracy to some extent, various students volunteer to take literacy classes and feel proud to help their unfortunate countrymen who have been deprived of the privilege of being educated. These voluntary workers, after receiving certain incentives and being provided with the requisite facilities ensure better results in the social arena. They have adopted new paths and motivated a large section of – masses towards their literacy classes. This voluntary service on the part of students has proven to be an effective measure for reaching out to the uneducated masses and thereby, further helped the illiterate persons to eradicate their constant exploitation and humiliation at the hands of society. The students have helped these people to become aware of the benefits of being literate/educated. They have also helped the illiterate people to move towards a positive change.

By undertaking this creditable but herculean task, these students feel a sense of pride in being able to make their contribution to take their country on the path of fast growth and progress.

19. You are required to speak on the subject ‘Pollution’ in the school morning assembly.
You may use ideas contained in the unit ‘Environment’. Write your speech.
Answer:
Environment
Environmental pollution is one of the major hazards that are threatening the ecological balance. The air that we inhale is polluted, the water we drink is contaminated and noise pollution has managed to take away the calmness and serenity from our otherwise hectic and tense lives. One of the main of pollution is the heavy and congested traffic which causes concentration of smoke and harmful particles in the atmosphere which is a permanent or chronic cause of various respiratory disorders. The incessant felling of trees, building of dams and the upcoming unplanned congested localities have disturbed the ecological balance to an alarmingly high level. To remedy this situation the urgent need of the hour is to plant as many trees wherever possible and to shift the factories and mills to places where their effect of pollution of the environment is minimum. To control traffic, car pools must be made so that the emission-levels from vehicular traffic can be reduced to the desired levels.

20. Write a letter to your friend inviting him to spend his vacation with you.
Answer:
56/4, Nehru Nagar,
New Delhi.
26th April, 20xx

Dear Ramesh,
Hope your examinations are over by now. What do you plan to do during the coming summer holidays? If you are hot going anywhere else, why don’t you come and . stay with us duringihese holidays? It shall indeed be of great fun. My Mummy and Daddy have been insisting me to invite you. Now, that you will be free, you must plan to visit Delhi. We shall move about and see various historical places in the capital. You would love to see the Red Fort, the Qutab Minar, Jama Masjid, and other places which attract numerous foreign tourists. You must be interested in watching these tall buildings. Don’t disappoint us this time. Do come down.

Your best friend,
Prakash

21. Write a letter to your father requesting him to allow you to go on an educational tour.
School Hostel
Govt. Boys Sr. Sec. School
Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
8th May, 20xx

Respected Father,
I am fine here and hope you all to be well. You will be glad to know that I have done very well in the First Terminal Test which was held last week. I hope to get very good marks in all the subjects. Our school is organizing an educational tour to South India during the coming Autumn Break. Most of the students of my class are joining this tour. I, too, wish to join it. I am a student of history, so this tour will be of great practical advantage to me. This tour will be of about two weeks duration. We shall travel by a special railway boogie which is being reserved for us. Two senior teachers of the school will go with us on the tour. Each participant is to contribute ₹ 2,000 to meet the tour expenses.

With respect to mother and grandfather and love to Diplo.

Yours affectionately
Aakash

22. Write a letter to the Editor of a local daily complaining about loudspeakers’ nuisance in yoUr area.
E-49, Model Town
Bhopal
27th February, 20xx
The Editor
The Hindustan Times,
Bhopal.

Subject: Complaint regarding nuisance caused by loudspeakers.

Sir,
I shall feel grateful if you kindly publish the following few lines in the columns of your esteemed daily. I wish to draw the attention of the public through your daily about the nuisance of loudspeakers in the city. Loudspeakers have become great nuisance in the city of late. I wonder why some people do not bother about other’s convenience. They have no right to disturb our peace by constant noise made by loudspeakers. The Police – authorities appear to be silent about this nuisance. Not>ody can play loudspeakers after 10 pm but the loudspeakers fitted on the religious places continue to disturb the public throughout the night. In the interest of studies of- students, I pray to the public not to play loudspeakers at a high pitch during the night and early in the morning so that the students can prepare for their examinations well.

Yours faithfully
K.S. Bains.

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MP Board Solutions for 12th English Unit 5 Writing Questions and Answers aids you to prepare all the topics in it effectively. You need not worry about the accuracy of the Madhya Pradesh Board Solutions for 12th English as they are given adhering to the latest exam pattern and syllabus guidelines.

You Can Download MP Board Class 12th English Solutions Questions and Answers Notes, Summary, Lessons: Pronunciation, Translation, Word Meanings, Textual Exercises. Enhance your subject knowledge by preparing from the Chapterwise MP Board Solutions for 12th English and clarify your doubts on the corresponding topics.

MP Board Class 12th English A Voyage Workbook Solutions Unit 5 Writing

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5.1 Messages

See WorkbookPages 127-130

Exercises

Write messages on the themes given below:

Question 1.
Shweta is leaving for office when suddenly she realizes that some guests would becoming for dinner. She requires 1 kg of potatoes and some fresh fruits from the market but as she would be late, she leaves a message for her husband who would be returning in the afternoon asking him to buy the same.
Answer:
25th September, 20xx
10 a.m.
Dear Sumit
Some guests are coming to dinner. I may be late. So, please purchase one kilogram of Potatoes and some fresh fruits from the market.

Shweta

Question 2.
‘HelIo, may I speak to Amit, more, please. I am Junaid All.’ Mr. Ah, Pm afraid Amit is not at home. Could I take a message, please? I am his sister, Kirti.
See Workbook Page 7
Answer:
20th September. 20xx
3 p.m.
Amit
Mr. Junaid All had called you to inform that there would be no tuition classes today arid for tomorrow he is going away for two days.

Kirti

Question 3.
You are personal assistant to Mr. S.S. Saxena, the Principal of K.G.N School, Khandwa. Using the following notes from his note-pad, draft a message on his behalf for Mr. Shriniwasan, the Vice-Principal of the school.
See Workbook Page 131
Answer
12th September, 20xx
8 a.m.
Dear Vice-Principal,
The principal wants to meet the entire Science Faculty urgently In the staff room at 2 pm to discuss the event for science exhibition and do the planning for the same.

P. A to Principal

Question 4.
You are Vinita. The students of your class are being taken on an excursion to ‘Sanchi’. our friend Arti was absent on the day when a few instructions were given. Write a message to your friend using the following information.
See Workbook Page 132
Answer:
12th September, 20xx
10 a.m.
Dear Arti
All the students of our class are going on an excursion to Sanchi. Reach the railway station at 9 am. Carry your lunch, water bottle. You need not bring more than 100. We are expected to be back by 6 pm.

Vinita.

Question 5.
You are Arushi. You and your friend Mahuri love to read books. You see the following advertisement in a newspaper and you wanted to visit this Book Fair with ‘our friend. Write a message for your friend inviting her to join you. Also, fix date, time, and place to meet.
See workbook Page 132
Answer:
10th September, 20xx Mahuri
We are going to visit the National Book Fair, Bhopal today at 12 noon. Please meet us at the main gate. We have booked your ticket too.

Arushi.

Question 6.
You are Sahil Kapoor. You have come across the following advertisement for a television Course in Physics, Chemistry and Maths on a banner. You think it will benefit you and your friend, Parag Jam. Write a message using the information given in the advertisement, to suggest to your friend that she joins the course with you.
See book Page 133
Answer:
12th September, 20xx
2 p.m.
Parag
Learner’s Institute offers a Revision Course for the students of 9th to 12th classes. It will run for 30 days, starting from 10th May at 245, Gulmohar Villa, B Sector, Patel Nagar. I think that we should not miss this opportunity. I am going to contact the office tomorrow at 10 am. Come and join me.

Sahil.

5.2 Notices

See Workbook Pages 134-136

Exercises

Write notices on the themes given below:

Question 1.
You are Sunil Agarwal studies in Class XII in Govt. Excellence H.S.S., Barnagar
(Ujjain). You have lost your blazer at the playground bn the Annual Sports Day. Write a notice to be put up on the School Notice Board. (M.P, Board 2010)
Govt. Excellence Higher Secondary School Barnagar, Ujjain
Answer:

Question 2.
You are Abraham John, the Secretary of your school’s Science Club. A science exhibition is being organized in your school. Write a notice for the school notice-board inviting projects and models from the students. Also, encourage them to volunteer their services in managing the event. The exhibition is to be held on 25th September, 20xx.
Answer:

Question 3.
You are Alok Yadav, President of a Cultural Organization called Progressive Theatre, Bhopal. Write a notice for publication in a newspaper inviting interested students between 15 and 17 years for an audition to be held at Ravindra Bhawan, Bhopal on the 15th of June.
Answer:

Question 4.
A boy is missing. The police are trying to trace him out. They enquire of his father about his details. Read the conversation between the Policeman and his father. Draft a notice to be broadcast over the T.V. Put the notice in a box.
See Workbook Page 138
Answer:

Question 5.
Ajay Chouhan of class XII B has lost his watch somewhere in the school premises. Besides being valuable, the watch has an emotional valuator. He puts up a notice on the school noticeboard, promising a good reward to one who finds it. Write the notice and put it in a box.
Answer:

Question 6.
You are Taruna Vyas, incharge of the cultural committee, Paramount Public School,
Sagar. Your Principal gave you a letter about an Inter-School Cultural Competition in which your school has to take part. Taking relevant details from the letter, write a notice asking students to appear for selection.
See Workbook Page 139
Answer:

Question 7.
Explain the notices below. Where would you happen to find each of these notices?

Answer:
On the road – In hospital, clinic, School.

5.3 Articles

See Workbook Pages 141-144

Question 1.
Write an article for your school newsletter on the positive as well as negative aspects of using cell phones. (M.P. Board 2010)
Answer:
Using Cell Phones A Dilemma—by John Abraham
Cell phones have become the basic need of today’s society. Everyone is seen busy with it every time. In a very short duration of not more than a few decades, it has occupied the center stage. It is a boom in communication technology. It has made easy access to the whole, world at fingertips. Now with the advancement of technology, it has become a mini-computer, a complete media house, and a device for social networking. It has made our life connected to everyone all the time but we can’t deny that it has also damaged us. We use it while driving and invite accidents and slow down traffic. We use it in the office and hamper our prime duties. Sticking to cell phones also damages our nervous system to lose concentration. Sometimes, we are vexed. It has both negative and positive aspects. We need to be wise while using it. Great care is needed.

Question 2.
You are Frakash Ojha of class XII. You observe that there is a steep decline in reading habits amongst children. The major cause for this is the T.V. You decide to write an article in a newspaper on ‘Ways to Promote Reading’.
Answer:
Ways To Promote Reading—by PrakashOjha, class XII
Since a few decades it has been a major concern that there has been a rapid decline in the reading habits amongst children. As reading is a bliss and gives the real ecstasy it should be maintained. However due to the thrilling and exciting TV Programmes children are diverted. They pay more attention to TV than on reading. Moreover, books are becoming costly. It also causes this decline. Hence, there is a need to promote reading habit by providing books at low price. Children should be attracted to the library by arranging various entertainment cum education programmes there.

Question 3.
You are Ajay Sinha. You happened to see the following news in a local newspaper and were prompted to write an article describing the rising trends in drowning deaths and lack of concern on the part of authorities near picnic spots.
See Workbook Page 145
Answer:
Drowning Death: Lack Of Concern Of Authorities—by Ajay Sinha
During the last few months a number of drowning cases have been reported. These incidents occur due to the canal located at the Khargaun village. As the canal has developed some ditches and uneven floor, it should be mended but the authorities are blind to this fact. They fail to provide security to the children who go there for swimming. All cries of the people fail to convince them. If this situation continues more deaths shall be caused.

Question 4.
You happened to overhear the following conversation:
See Workbook Page 146
On hearing this dialogue, you decide to write an article in the local daily on the need to provide security at tourist spots. Also, suggest the ways and means to fight terrorism.
Answer:
Security To Tourists—by ABC
Our country has been victimized by terrorism since a few decades, though the whole world is shattered with this problem, India has suffered a lot. We fear to go even out of our house during festivals. Nobody knows what is to happen in the next moment. Even the top security agencies of the government fail to save people. The terrorists are so bold that they send messages through e-mails about their attacks. Even then the government fails to provide protection. Now it is the prime time that the civilians should take their own way to protect themselves. Arms should be generalised.

Question 5.
You are Sonia Nigam, while watching a news channel covering a rally of ‘Green Peace Activists’, you saw the following intriguing posters that prompted you to write an article for a newspaper on ‘It’s Worth, Saving the Earth’.
See Workbook Page 147
Answer:
Saving The Earth—by Sonia Nigam
We live on earth. It is our mother. We get all our resources from it. However, it is our own fault that we are destroying it. Population is growing so rapidly that we are consuming earth’s resources rapidly to compensate our need. The speed of consuming earth and its resources is greater than its capacity to compensate. Hence it is being exhausted and a day will come when it will fail to fulfill our need. Then you can imagine what would happen to our life. Naturally everything will be finished one day. So, we need to be wise to save our earth so that we can love more.

Question 6.
You are Mokit Joshi. Traffic jams and road accidents are a common feature in your city as people don’t follow the traffic rules and don’t drive in proper lanes. As a concerned citizen, you decided to write an article on ‘Art of Safe Driving’. You can take help from the following tips.
See Workbook Page 148
Answer:
Safe Driving: Safe Life—by Mohit Joshi
Reckless and speed driving has been a growing craze among people specially the young generation. It causes accidents and traffic jams. Safe driving saves you a lot. You save time as there is no traffic jam. It also saves petrol consumption. There are no chances of risk, heated arguments, and traffic hazards. You can reach your destination safely and in time too. So, we should follow the norms of safe driving.

Question 7.
You are Preeti Tandon, a resident of a posh colony. Adjacent to the colony is a slum. You are taken aback by the unhygienic conditions prevailing there, specially when you come to know that the garbage of your colony is being dumped in that area. Using the photograph given below as an aid, write an article for a national newspaper highlighting the problems.
See Workbook Page 149
Answer:
Unhygienic Condition Of The Colony—by Preeti Tandon
I live in the locality of Ankur Vihar. There is a slum locality adjacent to it. The hygienic condition of this area has been so affected that living appears to be a curse. The corporation has worsened the situation by making the place a dumping area. It is causing nuisance as it has become a place for pigs and dogs. It is breeding mosquitoes. There is a threat of spreading diseases and deadly hazards. Hence, I wish to attract the attention of the authorities to these hazards.

5.4 Speech Writing

See Workbook Pages 150-153

Exercises

Question 1.
As one hailing from rural background, prepare a speech for your morning assembly describing the difference between urban and rural India. You can use the following visual for clues.
See Workbook Page 153
Answer:
A View Of Rural India
Respected Principal, teachers, and my fellow students! It is my privilege to speak on the topic ‘Difference between Urban and Rural India. India is a land of agriculture and most of the v people related to it live in rural areas but it is their ill-luck that they don’t get proper facilities to live a proper life. The government doesn’t pay attention to them. You can just imagine how rural people live. The teledensity of rural areas is only 1.67 percent in comparison to urban which is 25-30 percent. High monthly rentals and poor infrastructure are also to blame. Punjab shines with 87-99 percent of its rural homes wired while it is 17.82 percent for Orissa. Assam gets power for 16 percent of the time. 2,17,000 villages do not get safe drinking water. 71 percent villages in Madhya Pradesh are not connected with township. All these facts I put to show the differences between the rural and urban areas. This disparity compels the rural people to migrate which causes badly to our economy.

Thank you.

Question 2.
You are Sohan/Sonia. You have seen the following news in the newspaper. Using this and your own ideas, write a speech describing both the benefits and drawbacks of using these high-tech devices.
See Workbook Page 154
Answer:
The technologies are growing fast. Science has invented a lot which provide all comforts to us. However it has also invented things like video games, Internet, cell phones, and lots of other things which are causing hazards. No doubt internet is useful but it depends upon its use. These itenus can corrupt one by sensitizing the young generation. The growth of crime is a great danger. The children know a lot through them. Crime and violence grow in them. There is ameed to educate children to use them properly.

Thank You.

Question 3.
You are required to speak on ‘Pollution’ in an inter-school competition. Prepare your speech taking help from the following points.
You are required to speak on “Need for Environmental Consciousness” in an inter-school speech competition. Prepare your speech taking help from the following points: (M.P, Board 2012)
(i) Pollution.
(ii) Sources of pollution.
(iii) Ecological balance.
(iv) Suggestions.
See Workbook Page 155
Answer:
Respected Principal, teachers, and fellow students! Pollution has become a great threat to our life. We have polluted land, water, air, noise. The major sources for it are garbage, smoke, and chemicals. Growing industries create many problems. We are also damaging ecological balance by felling trees, building dams, and congesting localities. We are damaging our own habitats. We need to be conscious in order to enjoying good health. We need plantation, parking, and shifting of factories and mills.

Thank You.

Question 4.
You are Ira/Arun. Write a speech to be delivered at the morning assembly of your school about the increase in road accidents in your city. Use the following data and your own ideas. Also, give suggestions to curb them.

Year- No. of road accidents

• 2003 – 110
• 2004 – 155
• 2005 – 204
• 2006 – 265
• 2007 – 316

Answer:
Respected Principal, teachers and fellow students! Today I, Ira will like t:o speak about an increase in road accidents in our city. Accidents have become a day-to-day news of life. Everyday’ we get through them in the newspaper, on TV, or even on roads. In 2007, the reported cases were 316 in comparison to 110 in 2003. The data shows growth in road accidents year after year. There are various causes for it growing number of vehicle, specially small vehicles, reckless driving habits, and improper traffic signal are some of them. If such a thing continues, the situation will be even worse. We need to be alert.

Thank You.

Question 5.
You are Prabhakar Goel. Your class team has conducted a survey to find out how teenagers spend their free time. Following results were observed. Below is; a pie-chart. Using the data given in it together with your own ideas, write a speech on the topic- “How teenagers spend their free time?”
See Workbook Pages 156
Answer:
Respected Principal, teachers and fellow students. I Prabhakar Goel with my class team have got an opportunity to conduct a survey and express my views on ‘How teenagers spend their free time.” So far as the data show 40 percent of them spend it on watching TV while 20 percent on talking to friends and 20 percent on playing indoor and outdoor games. It is a major concern to think that only 10 percent spend their free time on reading course books while 5 percent on reading GK books and 5 percent on doing some creative activities. It is really shocking that the inclination to reading is becoming lesser. TV viewing causes violence in society. It is spoiling our new generation. We need to be alert and take care of our children.

Thank You.

5.5 Letter Writing

See Workbook Pages 157-160

Exercises

Question 1.
You are Rakesh Pandey residing at 69/B Sai Nath Colony, Barwani. Write a letter of complaint to the Supervisor, M.P. Electricity Board, Barwani regarding the frequent break down in electricity supply in your area. (M.P. Board 2011)
Answer:
69/B, Sai Nath Colony Barwani (M.P.)
25th March, 20xx
The Supervisor
M.P. Electricity Board
Subject: Frequent Power-cut.
Dear Sir,
I wish to draw your attention to a very serious problem that we are facing for the last six months. There is an acute shortage of electricity in our area. Frequent power cut has become a regular feature. We can do nothing in day or at night. It is the examination period. Students are Very much distressed. We don’t get power for even two hours in a day. You can imagine the life of people living in this area. We have made several complaints but all of no effect. I request you to take special care to our problem.

Thanking you

Yours sincerely
Rakesh Pandey.

Question 2.
You are Jayant Garg living at 12/F, Silver Hills Colony, Dhar. You are class XII student in St Mary’s Convent School. There was an Annual Sports meet in your school and you had participated in it. Write a letter to your friend Manish Shah describing the Annual Sports held in your school. (M.P. Board 2011)
Answer:
12/F, Silver Hills Colony Dhar
20th March, 20xx
My Dear Manish
I am very excited to share some of the unforgettable moments of my life. I participated in the Annual Sports Meet of my school last week. Every year our school celebrates this occasion with great pomp and show. This time the Sports Minister of State was the Chief. Guest. I participated in many categories and luckily, I won the first prize in four of them. It was really a great moment for me. I missed you on the occasion. I am sending some clips of photographs to you.

Yours
Jayant

Question 3.
You are Naveen Pratap Singh, a resident of 27, Rishi Nagar, Ujjain. You came across the following histogram in a magazine. The histogram shows that deaths due to violence have increased considerably during recent years. Write a letter to the editor of the magazine ‘World Today’, suggesting how educated youth can play a major role in establishing peace in society.
See Workbook Page 160
Answer:
The Editor World Today
Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh-462001 25th September, 20xx
Subject: Deaths due to violence Dear Sir
Through your esteemed magazine, I wish to draw the, concern of the people to the growing violence in society. As the available data shows most deaths caused by violence in 19xx were only 2 in 1000 which doubled to 4 in 20xx and in 20xx it grew to 8. It means the number is doubling very fast. I think the violence among youth is a major cause. We need to be alert. A social awareness camp should be organised every month in schools. Parents need to becoming too. Otherwise, the situation would be more grim.

Thanking You

Yours sincerely
Naveen Pratap Singh

Question 4.
You are Ritesh, a student of class XII, residing in sector A, Tilak Colony, Bhopal. You read the following clipping in a daily newspaper. You are worried as you commute to school by bus. Write a letter to chairman, State Transport Corporation (STC) to reconsider the decision in the interest of the passengers and students.
See Workbook Page 161
Answer:
The Chairman
State Road Transport Corporation Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh-462001
Date
Subject: Hike in Bus Fare.
Dear Sir,
I would like to draw your attention that the decision of 40 per cent hike in bus fare has shattered us. A lot of passengers are being adversely affected due to it. Most of the daily commuters on this route are from middle class and students. Hence, they will have to face great problems. So, I request you to reconsider this decision, otherwise, there may be mass agitation. I will be grateful to you if you ponder over our problem and quick decision in our favour.

Thanking You

Yours sincerely
Ritesh

Question 5.
You are Vartika residing at 275, Railway Colony, Itarsi. You are distressed to see wild-life becoming extinct due to hunting and poaching and its adverse effect on human life, taking ideas from the given poster, write a letter to the editor of a daily newspaper, expressing your concern over the issue offering some suggestions.
See Workbook Page 162
Answer:
The Editor
The Times
Raipur
Dear Sir,
Subject: Saving of Wildlife From Extinction.
I wish to highlight the issue of the extinction of rare species through your esteemed newspaper. Due to the madness of people, we are losing the species which are rare. Animals are dumb. They can’t tell their sufferings. They are an integral part of our ecosystem. If we kill them, we kill ourselves too. We kill them for fun, for.commercial use but we are also damaging nature. We must know they are good creatures and have the right to live as we do. There is a need to spread this concern to protect our life too by putting a ban on hunting and poaching. I will be very grateful to you if you will help in drawing the attention of people through your newspaper by giving data (statistics), posters of life after the extinction of wildlife and conducting various education drives.

Thanking You

Yours sincerely
Vartika

Question 6.
You are Anand Sharma. You live in a rented house which requires special repairs after monsoon. Write a letter to your landlord Mr. Dubey asking him to undertake the repair work immediately. Take the help of these notes and write your letter. (M.P. Board 2012)
See Workbook Page 163
Answer:
275, Anand Apartment Jabalpur
Dear Sir,
I would like to remind you that the house I live in has become completely damaged. It needs reparing after this rain. The roof is leaking, plasters are felling, wiring is damaged, and the switches are loose. It has become very insecure to live now. Please be serious for its repair.

Thanking You

Yours truly,
Anand Sharma

Question 7.
You are Maria of 7, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Ratlam. Write a letter to your friend Asma, enclosing this newspaper cutting. Ask her whether she thinks such “so-called researchers” should be given importance in the print media.
See Workbook Page 164
Answer:
7, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Ratlam
Dear Asma,
Today, I saw a news article about a research paper. The researcher has given a new dimension by showing how dancing calms down hyperactive kids. It is really good news. As you know, kids are becoming hyperactive due to TV and videos. We are very anxious about them. Parents fail to control them. They can’t pay attention to them. They have no time to spare for children. It is a major cause for the kid’s derailment. The new dancing theory can help the kids a lot. It will improve their concentration. It will also encourage their inclination to our culture. Such researchers should be promoted. They should be given opportunity to explore their theory. It will create a new generation. I hope you would agree to my view. Give regards to uncle and aunty and love to Jawed.

Your friend,
Maria.

Question 8.
You are Rajat Sharma, a student of class XII, as you are appearing for the board examination, you are worried on the declaration of power cut from 7 am to 9 pm every day in your area. Write a letter to the Collector to intervene and order the MPSEB authorities to postpone the schedule of power cuts until examinations are over.
Answer:
The Collector Indore
Date
Subject: Power cut in our locality.
Sir,
I would like to draw your attention to the announcement of MPSEB regarding daily power cut between 7 am to 9 am. Please note that there are a number of students appearing for the Board exams. As it is the peak hour of the study the power cut schedule would cause a great problem for us. Please interfere in this matter and divert the schedule for few months till the exams are over or shift the time. I will be highly obliged if you look into this matter as soon as possible and take the decision for the same for the betterment of the student.

Thanking You

Yours sincerely
Rajat Sharma.

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The Rightful Inheritors Of The Earth Exercises From The Text-Book

Word Power

पशु और पक्षियों की एक सूची दी गई है। क्या आप उनकी ध्वनियों का मिलान कर सकते हैं।
Answer:

Comprehension

निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए
Question 1.
What made the author feel secure and why? [2009, 15]
लेखक को किस बात से महसूस हुआ कि वह सुरक्षित हैं और क्यों?
Answer:
When the author became the owner of a tiny little piece of the wide earth, he felt secure. He felt so because it was compulsory for him to have a piece of earth to live.

जब लेखक इस विशाल पृथ्वी के एक छोटे से टुकड़े का मालिक बन गया तब वह सुरक्षित महसूस करने लगा। वह ऐसा महसूस इसलिए करने लगा क्योंकि उसे जीने के लिए पृथ्वी पर एक जगह की नितान्त आवश्यकता थी।

Question 2.
Who were the first visitors to the farm? [2017]
फार्म हाउस पर सर्वप्रथम आने वालों में कौन लोग थे?
Answer:
The first visitors to the farm were birds and butterflies. The birds were of a wide variety.
फार्म हाउस पर सर्वप्रथम आने वालों में चिड़ियाँ और तितलियाँ थी। चिड़ियाँ अनेक प्रकार की थीं।

Question 3.
Write two ways in which the crows irritated the author. [2011, 14]
वह दो बातें बताइए जिनसे कौओं को लेकर लेखक नाराज हुआ।
Answer:
The two ways in which the crows irritated the author were first, their loud and rough sound; and second, their habit to fly quickly or suddenly downward.
पहली, उनकी तेज व कर्कश आवाज और दूसरी, उनकी अचानक नीचे उड़ जाने की आदत।

Question 4.
What similarities did the hawks share with the crows?
बाज और कौओं में क्या समानताएँ थीं?
Answer:
The hawks perched on the coconut trees like crows. They also flew quickly or suddenly downward. Their intentions were the same.
बाज भी कौओं की तरह नारियल के पेड़ों पर बैठते थे। वे भी कौओं की तरह बहुत तेजी से ऊपर-नीचे उड़ते थे। उनका उद्देश्य भी कौओं की तरह ही था।

Question 5.
What was the majestic creature that the author encountered?
लेखक का सामना किस विशाल जीव से हुआ?
Answer:
The majestic creature that the author encountered was a fierce creature without hands or legs or wings. It was a cobra.
लेखक का सामना जिस विशाल जीव से हुआ वह एक भयानक जीव था जिसके हाथ, पैर व पंख नहीं थे। वह कोबरा सर्प था।

Question 6.
How did the author react to his wife’s complaint that the fruits were being consumed by birds and mammals?
पत्नी की इस शिकायत पर कि चिड़िया व अन्य जीव फलों को खा जाते हैं, लेखक ‘ने किस प्रकार की प्रतिक्रिया दी.?
Answer:
The author said that fruits, roots, grass, grain, flowers, water, air, warmth and light have been created by God. He told his wife that birds, beasts and insects too are entitled to the produce of the earth.

लेखक ने कहा कि फल, घास, अनाज, फूल, पानी, हवा, गर्मी व प्रकाश ईश्वर ने बनाए हैं। उसने अपनी पत्नी से कहा कि चिड़िया, जानवर व कीड़े-मकोड़े भी धरती की उपज को खाने के हकदार हैं।

Question 7.
How did the author justify the killing of rats? लेखक ने चूहों को मारने को किस प्रकार उचित ठहराया?
Answer:
The author justified the killing of rats as they destroy nine hundred coconuts every month, the sole means of our livelihood.
लेखक ने चूहों के मारने को उचित ठहराया क्योंकि वे हर माह नौ सौ नारियल नष्ट कर देते थे, जोकि उनकी जीविका के एकमात्र साधन थे।

Question 8.
What were the consequences of poisoning the rats in and around the house?
घर के अन्दर और बाहर चूहों को जहर देने के क्या परिणाम हुए?
Answer:
In four days two hundred rats died. Dead rats rotted in the attic. Death was everywhere. The stench spread all over the house.
चार दिन में दो सौ चूहे मर गये। मरे चूहे घर के कमरों में सड़ने लगे। चारों ओर मृत्यु ही मृत्यु थी। घर के चारों ओर बदबू फैल गयी।

Question 9.
Why did the poisoning not stop tender coconuts to fall?
जहर देने के बावजूद कोमल नारियलों का गिरना बन्द क्यों नहीं हुआ?
Answer:
The tender coconuts continued to fall due to bats. After dusk, huge bats came in swarms and clung to tender coconuts. They bit the tender flask and had their fill of coconut water. They ate the kernels and flew away.

कोमल नारियल चमगादड़ों के कारण गिरते रहे। शाम के बाद चमगादड़ के झण्ड आकर कोमल नारियल पर बैठ जाते थे। वे नारियल को खाते थे, व उसका पानी पी जाते थे। वे नारियल के अन्दर का भाग खाकर भाग जाते थे।

Question 10.
How did the author react to his wife’s suggestion of buying a gun?
अपनी पत्नी के बन्दूक खरीदने के सुझाव पर लेखक ने किस प्रकार की प्रतिक्रिया दी?
Answer:
The author rejected the idea. He said that the gun was a symbol of cruelty. It was the child of sin. He wished that man should never have invented it.

लेखक ने विचार नकार दिया। उसने कहा कि बन्दूक क्रूरता की प्रतीक है। यह तो पाप का उद्गम है। उसने कल्पना की कि मनुष्य को इसकी खोज कभी करनी ही नहीं चाहिए थी।

Question 11.
What was the cousin’s remedy for ridding the farm of bats?
चमगादड़ों की फसल से मुक्ति हेतु चचेरे भाई का क्या सुझाव था?
Answer:
The cousin had a different remedy. He was of the opinion that within a ten-mile circumference, nearly three thousand coconuts are being destroyed every day. There is no point in shooting the bats at that spot, he said. He informed that at least three thousand bats hang on the two trees of banyan. If they are shot at, they will be finished if not in one day, in two or three days.

चचेरे भाई के पास एक अलग उपाय था। उसने सुझाव दिया कि दस मील की परिधि में लगभग तीन हजार नारियल प्रतिदिन नष्ट किये जा रहे हैं। उसने कहा कि ऐसे स्थान पर चमगादड़ों को गोली मारने से कोई लाभ नहीं है। उसने बताया कि बरगद के पेड़ पर तीन हजार चमगादड़ बैठते हैं। यदि उन्हें मारा जाये तो एक दिन में न सही दो-तीन दिन में ये खत्म हो जायेंगे।

Question 12.
How were the bats saved?
चमगादड़ किस प्रकार बचाये जा सके?
Answer:
The bats were saved by a hundred people armed with lethal weapons swing around the temple.
मन्दिर के चारों तरफ रहने वाले हथियारों से लैस लोगों के द्वारा चमगादड़ों को बचाया जा सका।

Question 13.
What conclusion did the author derive after the incident at the islet?
टापू पर घटना के पश्चात् लेखक ने क्या निष्कर्ष निकाला?
Answer:
After the incident at the is let, the author drew the conclusion that all living beings are the rightful inheritors of the earth.
टापू पर घटना के पश्चात् लेखक ने निष्कर्ष निकाला कि सभी जीवित जीव-जन्तु पृथ्वी के सही अर्थों के उत्तराधिकारी हैं।

Language Practice.

(A) जोड़ी मिलाओ।
Answer:

• Petrol prices have been increased.
• This jacket was made in Hong Kong.
• Competition ! 5000 prizes to be won.
• Five people were killed in the rally.
• The telephone has been disconnected.
• It appears the phone bill had not been paid.
• Further information will be sent to candidates.
• Before the storm, everyone was told to stay inside their homes:
• Smoking is not permitted anywhere on this station.
• The old town theatre is currently being rebuilt.

(B) Verb की सही Passive form का प्रयोग करते हुए कोष्ठक में दिए गये Verb से रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति करो
Answer:

• Application forms should be returned by 12 December.
• Further particulars may be obtained from the senior tutor.
• Only candidates with the relevant experience can be considered.
• You would be expected to take part in some sports.
• This post will be funded initially for three years.
• Names of two referees should be given.
• Interviews will be held in early January.
• Applications should be made in this form only.
• Teachers might be offered accommodation in college.

(C) कोष्ठक में दिये गये शब्दों का प्रयोग करते हुए निम्न वाक्यों को प्रश्न में बदलिए :
Answer:

• Where was the book left?
• When was the bridge constructed?
• By whom was it designed?
• In which month was it completed?
• How was it destroyed?
• At what time the mail is delivered?

[D] निम्न वाक्यों को Passive voice में बदलिए :
Answer:

• The room is cleaned every day.
• All flights were canceled because of fog.
• This road is not used very often.
• I was accused of stealing money.
• How a language is learned?
• We were advised not to go alone.

The Rightful Inheritors Of The Earth Summary

– Vaikom Muhammad Basheer

यह अध्याय पृथ्वी पर मनुष्य एवं जानवरों के सह-अस्तित्व पर प्रकाश डालता है। अध्याय में लेखक ने अत्यन्त प्रभावशाली ढंग से इस बात को सिद्ध करने का प्रयास किया है कि. मनुष्य ने धरती को अपनी जागीर समझ लिया है। कहानी के माध्यम से लेखक ने यह समझाने का प्रयत्न किया है कि जानवर भी मनुष्य की भाँति जीने के हकदार हैं। यह दुर्भाग्य है कि हम उन्हें अपने जीवन में दखलअंदाजी करने का दोषी ठहराते हैं। यदि जानवर हमारे बाग-बगीचों अथवा अन्यत्र उग आये पेड़ों अथवा फलों को खाकर अपना गुजारा करते हैं तो इसमें क्या गलत है। आखिर ईश्वर ने उन्हें भी जीने का अधिकार दिया है। लेखक इस बात से बेहद दु:खी हैं कि हम अपने क्षुद्र स्वार्थों हेतु जानवरों को मारने का प्रयत्न करते हैं-कभी दवाइयों के द्वारा, कभी हथियारों के द्वारा। मरे हुए जानवरों को देखकर हमारा हृदय द्रवित भी नहीं होता। अत: लेखक इस अध्याय में जानवरों को अपना जीवन जीने देने की पुरजोर वकालत करता है और हम सभी से उन्हें न तो मारने और न निकाल देने की अपील करता है। लेखक का तर्क है कि जानवर भी हमारे समान इस धरती के बराबर के उत्तराधिकारी

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MP Board Class 12th English A Voyage Workbook Solutions Unit 4 Reading

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4.1 Passages

See the following passages carefully and answer the questions given below each passage:

Passage 1

See Workbook Pages 98-99

Question 1.
What objects are called unidentified flying objects?
Answer:
The unexplained aerial phenomena are generally called unidentified flying objects.

Question 2.
Which was the first documented sighting of UFO? How was the phenomenon described by the people?
Answer:
The first documented sighting of the UFO was the one that occurred in 1561 in, Nuremberg, Germany. The people’s description about the phenomena ranged from, glowing wheels to closed balls of light to cigar, disk or crescent-shaped objects.

Question 3.
When was the UFO named as ‘Flying Saucer’? Who first saw it? How did he; describe it?
Answer:
UFO was named as ‘Flying Saucer’ in 1947. Kenneth Arnold, a businessman first saw it. He described that he saw nine objects flying over the mountain information at a speed of more than 1600 miles (2,500 km) per hour. He further said that the objects were moving like a saucer skipping across the water.

Question 4.
Why were the reports on the UFO sightings classified as secret?
Answer:
Because UFOs were considered a potential security risk the reports on these sightings were originally classified as secret.

Question 5.
How did the scientists explain 90 percent of the UFO sightings?
Answer:
The scientists explained that 90 percent of the UFO sightings were celestial objects like stars, bright planets, atmospheric events, or meteors.

Question 6.
What kind of weather conditions prevailed at the time of most of the sightings?
Answer:
Some unusual weather conditions prevailed at the time of most of the sightings.

Question 7.
Why are UFO sightings unreliable?
Answer:
As there is no authentic eyewitness the sightings are unreliable.

Question 8.
What do most of the UFO reports say about the sightings?
Answer:
Most of the UFO reports say that a bright light often appears to move through a clamped telescope or a sighting bar shows it to be fixed.

Question 9.
When can we consider the sightings reliable?
Answer:
We can consider the sightings reliable if there are two or more independent eyewitnesses present.

Question 10.
Find out the words in the passage which have the following meanings:
1. not recognized or known
2. awed shape -that is wide in the middle and pointed at the ends
3. a newspaper printed on large sheets of paper
4. to put things into particular groups according to their features.
5. a large piece of rock from space that passes into the Earth’s atmosphere and appears as a bright light in the sky
6. the experience of seeing or hearing something that is not really there
Answer:

1. unidentified
2. disk
3. broadsheet
4. classify
5. meteor
6. hallucination.

Passage 2

See Workbook Page 100

Question 1.
What inherent qualities are found in all of us?
Answer:
Tamas, Rajas, and Sattva are the three inherent qualities found in all of us.

Question 2.
What is represented by Tamas and Rajas?
Answer:
Tamas is inertia or resistance or transformation while Rajas is aggressiveness, relentlessness or result-oriented action.

Question 3.
What does Sattva denote?
Answer:
Sattva denotes the characteristic of purity inside us.

Question 4.
We get peace of mind from being (choose one)
(a) Rajas
(b) Tamas
(c) Sattvic
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(c) Sattvic.

Question 5.
What do Tamas and Rajas result in?
Answer:
Tamas results in total confusion, problems, and worries while Rajas results in lack of peace.

Question 6.
What are the advantages of following Sattvic life?
Answer:
Sattvic life empowers us to cope with problems in a very systematic way.

Question 7.
How can our minds be preserved?
Answer:
Our minds can be preserved by using the energy of Sattva.

Question 8.
How does Sattva teach us to react to people’s accusations?
Answer:
Sattva teaches us to never allow our inner peace get destroyed to whatever people may say.

Question 9.
The force of divine vibration changes people and situations- Sattva comes out of us in the form of (choose one)
(a) meditation
(b) vibrations
(c) energy
(d) peace.
Answer:
(d) peace.

Question 10.
Find out the words in the passage which have the following meanings:
(a) holy writings of a religion (scriptures)
(b) change – (transformation)
(c) peace – (tranquility)
(d) not decreasing in amount or intensity – (depleting)
(e) to manage -(cope with)
(f) the action of deep thinking – (meditation)
(g) a substance used for preserving- (preservation)
(f) a continuous rapid shaking movement or sensation (vibration)

Question 12.
Give a suitable title to the passage.
Give a suitable title to the passage.
Ans.
Attain Perfection.

Passage 3

See Workbook Page 102

Question 1.
In the passage there occurs the sentence-“One evening she had a visitor”. Who does ‘she’ refer to?
Answer:
‘She’ refers to the narrator’s mother.

Question 2.
Why did Indira’s mother return the dress brought by the visitor?
Answer:
Because it was foreign-made and they preferred wearing hand spun and handwoven material only.

Question 3.
Who said, “I think you have all gone mad?” In what background was it said?
Answer:
The visitor said it. It was said in the background of their choice of wearing khadi clothes and boycotting foreign material.

Question 4.
What were the Indian freedom fighters doing with the foreign articles during the Freedom Movement?
Answer:
They were burning them.

Question 5.
To what extent did Indira, as a child, love her foreign doll?
Answer:
She was passionately fond of the doll.

Question6.
What three things had Indira to struggle between for her attachment to the doll?
Answer:
The three things were: the love of the doll, the pride in the ownership of such a lovely thing and duty towards her country.

Question 7.
What prevailed in the end India’s love for her doll or her conscience?
Answer:
Her conscience prevailed in the end.

Question 8.
Narrate Indira’s inner struggle between her innocent childhood love for the dress and the doll and her mother’s insistence on not using them.
Answer:
Indira passionately loved the doll. On the other hand, she was also in the love of her country Her conscience and duty for nation insisted her not to use the foreign dress and burn the doll finally

Question 9.
Explain the significance of the words’my first encounter with conscience and S- duty’. Can it be a fit title to the passage?
Answer:
It was the sense of conscience and duty that Indira had to face for the first time as a child. It shows how she could keep her sense of duty. It can be a fit title to the passage.

Question 10.
Choose the correct option:
(i) The word ‘encounter’ in the text means
(a) a fight with something or somebody.
(b) to make a counter-attack.
(c) to meet with something difficult.
(d) end and then counter.
Answer:
(c) to meet with something difficult.

(ii) The other word for ‘handspun and handwoven material’ used in the text is.
(a) embroidered dress.
(b) khadi.
(c) mill cloth.
(d) foreign material.
Answer:
(b) khadi.

(iii) In the text, the phrase ‘rest of us’ refers to
(a) all the persons resting in the family.
(b) all including Indira.
(c) all in the family, excluding Indira.
(d) all in the family, excluding the visitor.
Answer:
(d) all in the family, excluding the visitor.

(iv) At first sight, Indira, as a child, had.
(a) a natural temptation to own the dress.
(b) a fear of her mother and so she threw away the dress.
(c) a strong sense of repulsion.
(d) a sense of revolt against the dress.
Answer:
(a) a natural temptation to own the dress.

(v) The expression ‘All right, Miss Saint’ implies a feeling of
(a) appreciation for Indira.
(b) the glorification of Indira’s love for the dress.
(c) thoughtless casualness on the part of the visitor.
(d) sainthood for Indira.
Answer:
(c) thoughtless casualness on the part of the visitor.

(vi) What won in the end?
(a) Indira’s love for the doll.
(b) Indira’s conscience and sense of duty.
(c) the visitor’s point of view.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(b) Indira’s conscience and sense of duty.

Passage 4

See Workbook Pages 104-105

Question 1.
Majority of people in India do not speak English, yet it is the second language here. Why?
Answer:
India even after six decades of its independence maintains English as the medium of instruction for approximately half of its total higher education. Hence it is the second language here.

Question 2.
How many people in the world use English as a native language?
Answer:
Nearly three hundred million people in the world use English as a native language.

Question 3.
Define ‘Second language’.
Answer:
Second language means a language necessary for certain official, social, commercial, or educational activities in a country.

Question 4.
Which language is more often used in the general working of the United Nations?
Answer:
English language is more often used in the general working of the United Nations.

Question 5.
In what activities is English generally used as a foreign language?
Answer:
English is used for communication across frontiers or with people who are alien, listening to broadcast, reading books or newspapers, commerce or travel.

Question 6.
How can you say that English is the Universal language of literacy and public communication?
Answer:
As English has overpowered almost all fields of the world it can be said to be the Universal language of literacy and public communication.

Question 7.
Give a suitable title to the above passage.
Answer:
Importance of English.

Question 8.
Say whether the following statements are true or false:
(a) For many Welsh and Irish people English is not the second language.
(b) India is not a commonwealth country.
(c) In India only a few people use English as their native language.
(d) In India almost half of the schools have English as a medium of instructions.
(e) In the passage the term U.N. has been used for America.
(f) In India, majority of people use English as a native language.
Answer:
(a) False (b) False (c) True (d) True (e) False (f) False.

Question 9.
Find antonyms from the text for the words given below. The first letter of the antonym is given against each word.
(1) indistinct: a……
(2) slavery: i ……..
(3) regularly: f…….
(4) foreigner: n
(5) uniformed : d……
(6) secondary : p……
(7) lower: h ………
(8) bigger: s ………..
Answer:

1. apparent
2. independence
3. frequently
4. native
5. deformed
6. primary
7. higher
8. smaller

Question 10.
Match the words with their meanings:
Words – Meanings
(i) sole – (a) position
(ii) former – (b) very near to a quality or number
(iii) divergent – (c) one and only
(iv) status – (d) different
(y) notable – (e) of an earlier period or stage
(vi) approximately – (f) remarkable
Answer:
(i) c (ii) e (iii) d (iv) a (v) f (vi) b.

Passage 5

See Workbook Pages 106-107

Question 1.
Give a suitable title to the passage.
Answer:
Ideals of democracy.

Question 2.
What harm may be caused to democracy if we trust a great man and leave our liberties at his will?
Answer:
We may love democracy and liberty.

Question 3.
To what extent should a nation show someone its gratefulness?
Answer:
A nation should show its gratefulness to the extent its liberty is not lost to such a man.

Question 4.
What are the dangers of hero-worship in politics?
Answer:
It leads to degradation and eventual dictatorship.

Question 5.
Explain the term ‘hero-worship’.
Answer:
Hero-worship is one’s devotion to a great man as a God.

Question 6.
What is the counterpart of political democracy which makes it a reality?
Answer:
Social democracy is the counterpart of political democracy.

Question 7.
What are the three fundamentals of social democracy?
Answer:
Liberty, equality, and fraternity are the three fundamentals of social democracy.

Question 8.
Elaborate the statement, “they form a union of trinity.”
Answer:
The principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity are not to be treated as separate items of a trinity. They form a union of trinity in the sense that to divorce one from the other is to defeat the very purpose of democracy.

Question 9.
Point out. the danger of separating equality from liberty, while implementing them.
Answer:
Without equality, liberty would produce the supremacy of the few over the many.

Question 10.
What, according to you, ought to be the constitutional methods of achieving our objectives?
Answer:
We must follow the path of liberty, equality, and fraternity.

Question 11.
Use the following idiomatic expressions in sentences so as to make their meaning clear:

(i) to hold fast to
Answer:
We must hold fast to constitutional ideals for success.

(ii) to play a part in
Answer:
Equality plays a vital part of democracy.

(iii) a great deal of
Answer:
Our country has a great deal of opportunity.

(iv) at the cost of
Answer:
We should not allow him to do it at the cost of our safety.

(v) a way of life
Answer:
He follows a pious way of life.

Question 12.
Form nouns from the following words:
Answer:

1. require – requirement
2. maintain – maintenance
3. obey – obedience
4. devote – devotion
5. judge – judgement
6. recognize – recognition

Question 13.
Fill in the blanks with the words given below:
merely, achieve, interested, subvert, devotion, salvation.
1. To feel the pain of others is a way to the ……….. of soul.
2. He asked me, “Which subjects are you ………..in?”
3. We have no right to ……….. the liberty and dignity of others.
4. Reading ……….. for pleasure is not enough. It must be for gaining knowledge too.
5. A man of strong will power can ……….. success.
6. ……….. to work is the key to success.
Answer:

1. salvation
2. interested
3. subvert
4. merely
5. achieve
6. Devotion.

Question 14.
Find words from the passage for the following expressions. The first letter of each word is given against each word:

(i) Targets aimed at.
Answer:
Objectives

(ii) Brotherly feeling.
Answer:
Fraternity

(iii) Warning for avoiding danger or making mistake.
Answer:
Caution

(iv) A person who loves and is ready to defend his country.
Answer:
Patriot

(v) Liberation from the bonds of earthly existence or sin.
Answer:
Salvation

(vi) Guiding rule for man’s behaviour.
Answer:
Principles

4.2 Poems

Read the following poems carefully and answer the questions that follow:

Poem 1

See the Workbook Page 109

Question 1.
For whom has the word ‘brave’, been used in the poem?
Answer:
Brave is used for a patriot.

Question 2.
How are the brave who die for the nation blessed?
Answer:
They get the blessings of the whole nation.

Question 3.
What is meant by the word’hallow’d mould’?
Answer:
‘Hallow’d mould’ means human body at rest in grave.

Question 4.
In what sense does the poet use the phrase ‘Fancy’s feet’ in the poem? (Choose the right option.)
(a) thinking deeply
(b) imagination
(c) fresh ideas
(d) fancy thoughts and ideas
Answer:
Imagination.

Question 5.
What does the phrase’fairy hands’ mean?
Answer:
It means tender touch of imagination.

Question 6.
Who sings the farewell song at the grave of the brave?
Answer:
A weeping hermit sings a song at the grave of the brave.

Question 7.
In what forms does ‘honour’ come to the place where the brave are laid to rest?
Answer:
The grave is honoured like a pilgrimage.

Question 8.
Who shall come to the grave as a mourning saint?
Answer:
A hermit.

Question 9.
What type of poem is this? (Choose the right option.) ‘
(a) a nature poem
(b) a romantic poem
(c) a patriotic poem
(d) a descriptive poem
Answer:
(c) a patriotic poem

Question 10.
Find words for the following expressions from the text:

(a) a season of colours, flowers and joy
Answer:
Spring.

(b) to come back
Answer:
Return.

(c) made pious/consecrated
Answer:
Bless.

(d) unsubstantial heavenly creature
Answer:
Fairy.

(e) a song of mourning sung on the death of somebody ‘
Answer:
Dirge.

(f) a man who goes to visit the religious places
Answer:
Pilgrim.

Poem 2

See Workbook Page 110

Question 1.
What has knowledge been compared to?
Answer:
Knowledge has been compared to wealth.

Question 2.
What does knowledge bring in silently?
Answer:
It brings peace.

Question 3.
Is knowledge a safe treasure? If yes, how?
Answer:
No robber can rob it, while giving away it gains and when the world perishes away; it survives.

Question 4.
Who cherish knowledge?
Answer:
The wisemen cherish knowledge.

Question 5.
Whose fall is survived by knowledge?
Answer:
World’s fall is survived by knowledge.

Question 6.
Whose pride has been referred to in the poem?
Answer:
The king’s pride has been referred to in the poem.

Question 7.
……… to give it is gain. It then grows most when parted with, ” What does the poet imply in these
lines?
Answer:
The poet means to say that knowledge regains much when it is parted with. It multiplies when distributed.

Question 8.
Why does the poet say,’ with sleepless hand fills gloriously its lord’?
Answer:
The poet says so because the lord of knowledge fills gloriously and regularly.

Question 9.
What qualities of human beings have been referred to in the poetic passage?
Answer:
Wisdom, pride, royalty.

Question 10.
Personification is a figure of speech in which the attributes of human beings are ascribed to inanimate or abstract things. Mention the lines in which we find instances of personification.
Answer:
Not this which dies / It cherishes / It then grows.

Question 11.
Match the words in column A with their meaning in column B.
A – B
(i) cherish- (a) to compete
(ii) unutterably – (b) related to king or queen
(iii) survive – (c) to keep fresh in memory :
(iv) vie – (d) to live or exist after someone or something
(v) royalty – (e) silently
Answer:
(i) c (ii) e (iii) d (iv) a (v)b.

Poem 3

See Workbook Pages 111-112

Question 1.
Pick out the phrases used by the poet to describe the following features of Kuroop:
Answer:

• Colour- greeny-brown
• Grin – gentle grin
• Legs – stubby legs
• Skin – scaly skin
• Eyes – tepid eyes

Question 2.
Why did the crocodile test the water, when he saw his prey of large size?
Answer:
He did it in order to know the taste of his prey.

Question 3.
What, according to the poet, was the prime pleasure of Kuroop’s life?
Answer:
When he grabs, snaps and sips his prey dead, he feels the prime pleasure of life.

Question 4.
Find the words in the poem that mean:

(a) a piece of land surrounded by water on all sides.
Answer:
Isle.

(b) move forward suddenly.
Answer:
Glide.

(c) large in amount or value.
Answer:
Substantial.

(d) the dead body of an animal.
Ans.
Carcass.

Question 5.
The poet says “On the Ganga’s greenest isle “. In the word ‘isle’ the sound of the letter ‘s’ is silent. Write two more such words from the poem.
Answer:
Island.

Question 6.
How did the crocodile catch his prey?
Answer:
The crocodile glides slowly like a floating log. He remains completely silent till he comes nearer and nearer and then it grabs the prey in a single length and kills it.

Question 7.
Why does the poet compare the crocodile with a tadpole?
Answer:
As it remains completely silent only with a raised head the poet compares it with a tadpole.

Question 8.
Give the antonyms of the following words:
(1) thin
(2) above
(3) alive
(4) far
(5) harsh
(6) noisy.
Answer:

1. fat
2. beLow
3. dead
4. near
5. gentle
6. silent.

Poem 4

Workbook Pages 113-114

Question 1.
The poem is titled ‘A Psalm of Life’. In what way may it be called a psalm?
Answer:
It is a song of life.

Question 2.
What is the poet’s attitude to life expressed in the first stanza? Use the words ‘empty dream’, ‘real’ and ‘earnest’ in your answer.
Answer:
The poet’s attitude to life is optimistic. He says that life is not an empty dream. It is real and earnest.

Question 3.
How can a man make the best use of life? Use the word ‘striving’ in your answer.
Answer:
A man can make the best use of life by working and striving to achieve his goal.

Question 4.
What should be a man’s approach towards the past which is dead and the future of which is rosy?
Answer:
One should learn from the lives of great men.

Question 5.
What should be a man’s approach towards the present?
Answer:
One should work With devotion.

Question 6.
Explain the metaphors contained in the words, “In the world’s broad field of battle” and say what a man is like In it.
A man is a soldier in the world’s broad field of battle.

Question 7.
How should a man act in the world’s battlefield?
Answer:
He should fight with courage and hope.

Question 8.
Explain what the poet means when he says, “Be not like dumb, driven cattle!”
Answer:
The poet says to us to be conscious and alert. He doesn’t want people follow anyone blindly.

Question 9.
What has life been compared to in the line ‘Sailing over life’s solemn main’?
Answer:
Here it is compared to the journey of a boatman whose ship is wrecked.

Question 10.
How do great men Inspire us?
Answer:
They teach us to have patience and make an effort. Success is sure. We can also make our life sublime.

Question 11.
Make nouns from the following adjectives:
(1) broad
(2) real
(3) brave
(4) earnest
(5) solemn
(6) long.
Answer:

1. breadth
2. reality
3. bravery
4. earnestness
5. solemnity
6. length.

Question 12.
Use each of the following words first as a noun and then as a verb:

• act: This drama has three ac. He acted well in the play.
• beat: Today the postman’s beat is not in this area. Don’t beat him.
• battle: Alexander won many battles. He battled bravely.
• present: I gave him a fine present. I presented a fine speech.
• sail: The boat was on sail. I sailed across the sea.

Question 13.
Make sentences with the following expressions:

• an empty dream: Life is not an empty dream.
• destined end: Death is the destined end of life.
• stout and brave: Be stout and brave and you will win all battles.
• sands of time: Don’t re on sands of time they are fleeting.
• a hero in the strife: Prove yourself to be a hero in the strife.

Question 14.
Find out words with the following meanings in the text:

• sad: mournful
• swiftly moving: fleeting
• temporary camp without tents: bivouac
• without the power of speech: dumb
• extremely good and beautiful: sublime

Poem 5

See Workbook Pages 116-117

Question 1.
How many ways of laughing have been mentioned in the poem? Bring out the distinction between them.
Answer:
Three ways of laughing have been mentioned in the poem. ‘Laughing with hearts means’inner pleasure,’Laughing with eyes’means expression of pleasure and . ‘laughing with teeth’ means weak laugh.

Question 2.
Which parts of human anatomy have been referred to in the poem?
Answer:
Anatomy of face and heart has been referred to in the poem.

Question 3.
Why does the poet say, ‘they only laugh with their teeth’?
Ans.
Now they have no inner strength. So, they express they’re laughing only by showing their teeth.

Question 4.
What do these expressions convey?
Answer:

• ice-block cold eyes: tired and exhausted
• a snake’s bare fangs: rage without effect.

Question 5.
What attitude do the expressions,’ feel at home and come again’ suggest?
Answer:
The express unwilling welcome to someone.

Question 6.
What does the poet want to be like and why?
Answer:
The poet wants to be what he used to be as a child.

Question 7.
What does the expression, ‘there will be no thrice’ imply?
Answer:
It implies that a frequent visit bores them.

Question 8.
What has the poet learnt to do?
Answer:
The poet has learnt to wear many faces like dresses.

Question 9.
What does the poet want to relearn?
Answer:
The poet wants to relearn how to laugh.

Question 10.
What message does the poem convey?
Answer:
The poem conveys that the world is very materialistic and professional. There is just a formal relationship.

4.3 Pictures, Pie Charts, Bar Diagrams Etc.

I. Read the poster carefully. On the basis of the information provided in the poster and using your own imagination, answer the questions that follow:

See Workbook Page 119

Question 1.
What is the goal of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan?
Answer:
The goal of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan is to spread quality elementary education.

Question 2.
What strategy is being adopted for bridging social and gender gaps?
Answer:
The strategy is to focus on girls, especially belonging to SC/ST communities and other minority groups.

Question 3.
Is this poster designed for a specific section of the population (target group)? If yes, mention the group.
Answer:
The group is of the girls from SC/ST and other minority groups.

Question 4.
Give your suggestions for improving the layout of the poster.
Answer:
This poster should highlight some avenues that one can explore after getting. education. The layout can be improved by images of hazards already prevalent in the society of the lack of education.

Question 5.
How can you help the State in Sarva Shiksh Abhiyan?
Answer:
We can spare some of our time for educating the children. We can also donate our used books and stationery for them.

Question 6.
Enlist the facilities being offered to the girl child?
Answer:

• Free textbooks
• Special coaching remedial classes with congenial environment
• Special funds for innovative projects for girls education
• Recruitment of female teachers

Question 7.
What does sensitisation of the teachers aim at?
Answer:
It aims at encouraging the girls coming to school.

Question 8.
Why are 50 percent of posts of teachers being reserved for women?
Answer:
They are more tolerant and can cooperate with the children with their motherly care.

II. The following process diagram gives the stepwise process of asthma attacks. Read it carefully and answer the questions that follow.

See Workbook Page 121

Question 1.
What causes an asthma attack?
Answer:
An asthma attack is caused by an allergic reaction to pollin, smog or other substances.

Question 2.
What is the normal function of the lungs? How do they work?
Answer:
The normal functions of the lungs is to inhale fresh oxygen. Oxygen travels through bronchial tubes and enters blood through the alveoli walls. Carbon dioxide passes from blood into alveoli and is exhaled from blood.

Question 3.
Write three factors hindering normal breathing process.
Ans.
The complex process that is under both conscious and uncondouscontrol.lt involves three factors are: inhalation, exhalation and rest period.

Question 4.
What are:
(a) Bronchiole: Smaller branch of bronchial tube.
(b) Alveoli: Air sacs.
(c) Trachea: Wind pipe

Question 5.
How do the two pictures of the bronctual tube differ?
Answer:
One shows a healthy bronctual while the other is diseased.

III. Read the dictionary entries from the Webster’s Student Dictionary on the word ‘ship’ and y related words.
See Workbook Page 123

Now answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What are the three different meanings given for the wordship used as a noun.
Answer:

1. Any large vessel suitable for deep water navigation.
2. The crew and officers of such a vessel.
3. An aircraft or spacecraft.

Question 2.
What is the old English word (indicated by the abbreviation OE) for ship?
Answer:
Scip.

Question 3.
Give one word for:

(a) The captain of a merchant ship.
Answer:
Shipmaster.

(b) One whose work is to construct or repair ships.
Answer:
Shipbuilder.

(c) A fellow sailor.
Answer:
Shipmate.

(d) One who ships goods.
Answer:
Shipper.

Question 4.
Write three other words derived from the word’ship’? ‘
Answer:
Shipping, shipwreck, shipyard

Question  5.
Read the entry-ship, where ship is used as a suffix. Now try to define the word ‘workmanship’ (a workman is one who earns his living by working with his hands).
Answer:
Friendship

Question 6.
Write three other words where ‘ship’ is used as a suffix.
Answer:
Scholarship, Studentship, Apprenticeship.

IV. The pie chart given below shows the results of a health check-up conducted in a school

See Workbook Page 124

Read it carefully and answer the questions given below on the basis of the information given in the chart and using your own imagination.

Question 1.
Which problem is most severe among the school children?
Answer:
Dental problem is the most severe.

Question 2.
Which is the least severe problem?
Answer:
Underweight.

Question 3.
Which problems are directly related to the eating habits of the children? Give reasons to support your answer.
Answer:
Underweight and obesity are the problems directly related to the food habits of children because if they eat less or improper, they become underweight and if they eat more then they become obese.

Question 4.
Which problems are related to hygiene? Give reasons to support your answer.
Answer:
Skin problem and dental problem. They are caused due to hygienic habits.

Question 5.
How many children are obese and how many are underweight?
Answer:
Ten percent are obese while ten percent underweight.

Question 6.
Which problem is a less serious-dental problem or eye problem?
Answer:
The dental problem is less serious.

V. On the basis of the flowchart given below answer the questions that follow:

See Workbook Page 125

Question 1.
What is the ultimate source of energy? Why?
Answer:
Sun is the ultimate source of energy because every object on this earth gets energy from it.

Question 2.
Trace the relationship between solar and hydro-electric energy.
Answer:
Solar energy is directly gained from the sun while hydro-electric energy is produced by water which processes through solar energy.

Question 3.
How is energy stored in plants rendered as heat energy?
Answer:
Through photosynthesis.

Question 4.
How is hydro-electricity is produced?
Answer:
Hydro-electricity is produced through the current of flowing water.

Question 5.
Plants use light for the process of photosynthesis. How is this energy changed in muscular energy?
Answer:
Through animals.

Question 6.
How is gobar gas obtained?
Answer:
Gobar gas is obtained by processing the animal waste.

Question 7.
What are the different sources of heat energy?
Answer:
Wind, tide, sea waves, water are the sources of heat energy.

We believe the information shared regarding MP Board Solutions for 12th English Unit 4 Reading Questions and Answers as far as our knowledge is concerned is true and reliable. In case of any queries or suggestions do leave us your feedback and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility. Bookmark our site to avail latest updates on several state board Solutions at your fingertips.

MP Board Solutions for 12th Textbook General English The Spectrum Solutions Chapter 10 The Hill-Top Temple Questions and Answers aids you to prepare all the topics in it effectively. You need not worry about the accuracy of the Madhya Pradesh Board Solutions for 12th English as they are given adhering to the latest exam pattern and syllabus guidelines.

You Can Download MP Board Class 12th English Solutions Questions and Answers Notes, Summary, Lessons: Pronunciation, Translation, Word Meanings, Textual Exercises. Enhance your subject knowledge by preparing from the Chapterwise MP Board Solutions for 12th English and clarify your doubts on the corresponding topics.

MP Board Class 12th English The Spectrum Solutions Chapter 10 The Hill-Top Temple (Sri Aurobindo)

Kick start your preparation by using our online resource MP Board Solutions for 12th English Chapter 10 The Hill-Top Temple Questions and Answers. You can even download the Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12th English Solutions Questions and Answers for free of cost through the direct links available on our page. Clear your queries and understand the concept behind them in a simple manner. Simply tap on the concept you wish to prepare in the chapter and go through it.

The Hill-Top Temple Exercises From The Text-Book

Word Power

(A) निम्न शब्दों के विलोमार्थी लिखिए :
Answer:

• brilliant – dull
• eternity – moment
• mystic – manifest
• vast – narrow
• summary – expansion

(B) निम्न मैट्रिक्स को पूरा कीजिए। जहाँ क्रॉस हो वहाँ प्रयत्न मत करिए।
Answer:

Comprehension

निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए-

Question 1.
How can one reach the temple? [2009, 17]
मन्दिर पर कैसे पहुँचा जा सकता है?
Answer:
One has to climb numerous steps to reach the temple as it is built on the top of a hill.
मन्दिर पर पहुँचने के लिए बहुत-सी सीढ़ियाँ चढ़नी पड़ती हैं क्योंकि यह टीले के ऊपर बना है।

Question 2.
What did the poet see when he reached the temple? [2009]
मन्दिर पर पहुँचने के पश्चात् कवि ने क्या देखा?
Answer:
After reaching the temple the poet saw the Goddess in the house of stone. The poet found the loneliness, the atmosphere of the temple conducive to achieving spiritual heights.

मन्दिर पहुँचने पर कवि ने देवी को पत्थर से निर्मित घर में स्थापित देखा। कवि ने महसूस किया कि मन्दिर का वातावरण व एकाकीपन आध्यात्मिक ऊँचाइयों को प्राप्त करने के लिए उपयुक्त है।

Question 3.
How did the poet react?
कवि ने किस प्रकार प्रतिक्रिया व्यक्त की?
Answer:
The poet reacted surprisingly. He was amazed to see the beauty of the Goddess, the atmosphere and loneliness there.
कवि ने आश्चर्य व्यक्त किया। वह देवी की सुन्दरता देखकर, वहाँ का वातावरण एवं एकाकीपन देखकर आश्चर्यचकित हो गया।

Question 4.
What does the poet compare the human body with?
कवि मानव शरीर की तुलना किससे करता है?
Answer:
The poet compares human body with the Infinite [God].
कवि मानव शरीर की तुलना अनन्त [देवता] से करता है।

Question 5.
How does the secret spirit operate in human body? [2012]
मानव शरीर में रहस्यमयी आत्मा किस प्रकार कार्य करती है?
Answer:
The secret spirit operates in many ways. It can write a page and summary of the infinite. It is the centre of eternity, lifelong and death.

रहस्यमयी आत्मा अनेक प्रकार से कार्य करती है। यह अनन्त शक्ति की गाथा लिख सकती है। यह निरन्तरता अर्थात् मृत्योपरान्त जीवन का केन्द्र बिन्दु है।

Question 6.
What does the poet say in the last two lines?
अन्तिम दो पंक्तियों में कवि क्या कहता है?
Answer:
The poet says that in human body the secret spirit is the centre of life continuing after death, and this is expressed through an image shaped from wood, stone or metal.

कवि कहता है कि मानव शरीर में रहस्यमयी आत्मा मृत्योपरान्त जीवन के अनवरत् चलते रहने का केन्द्र-बिन्दु है, और यह लकड़ी, पत्थर अथवा अन्य पदार्थ से बने बुत से झलकता है।

The Hill-Top Temple Summary

– Shri Aurobindo

कविता में टीले की चोटी पर स्थित मन्दिर के विषय में वर्णन किया गया है। वहाँ तक पहुँचने के लिए कई सीढ़ियाँ चढ़नी पड़ती हैं। पवित्र हृदय वाले ही इस ऊँचाई पर चढ़ने का साहस कर पाते हैं। कवि को महसूस होता है कि मन्दिर का एकाकीपन और वहाँ का वातावरण आध्यात्मिक उत्कर्षों को पाने के लिए उपयुक्त है। उसे लगता है कि दुनियादारी से परे इस. उच्च स्थान पर देवी को स्थापित करना श्रेयस्कर है। देवी पवित्रता व गुणों की प्रतिमूर्ति है। प्रत्येक मानव शरीर इसके भीतर अनन्त की चमक को महसूस करता है।

We believe the information shared regarding MP Board Solutions for 12th English Chapter 10 The Hill-Top Temple Questions and Answers as far as our knowledge is concerned is true and reliable. In case of any queries or suggestions do leave us your feedback and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility. Bookmark our site to avail latest updates on several state board Solutions at your fingertips.

MP Board Solutions for 12th English Unit 2 Knowing about Words Questions and Answers aids you to prepare all the topics in it effectively. You need not worry about the accuracy of the Madhya Pradesh Board Solutions for 12th English as they are given adhering to the latest exam pattern and syllabus guidelines.

You Can Download MP Board Class 12th English Solutions Questions and Answers Notes, Summary, Lessons: Pronunciation, Translation, Word Meanings, Textual Exercises. Enhance your subject knowledge by preparing from the Chapterwise MP Board Solutions for 12th English and clarify your doubts on the corresponding topics.

MP Board Class 12th English A Voyage Workbook Solutions Unit 2 Knowing about Words

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2.1 Word Formation

See Workbook Pages 22-26

Exercises

I. Form two new words with a prefix and a suffix from the following, taking them as root words:

II. Notice in the above exercise whether conversion (change of part of speech) is taking place in the
new words. For example
im — (prefix) + pure (adj.) = impure (adj.)
pure (adj.) + Ify (suffix) = purify (verb)
Use all the newly formed words in the above exercise in sentences of your own. For example,
impure (adj.)— Don’t drink impure water.
purify (verb)—We can purify water with potassium permanganate.
Answer:
Do yourself.

III. Frame new; sentences with the underlined words in the given sentences, using them as different parts of speech.

Question 1.
Why don’t ‘you visit Pachmarhi?
Answer:
My visit to Kashmir is a memorable experience.

Question 2.
Nobody can doubt his integrity.
Answer:
Don’t have any doubt about my integrity.

Question 3.
The children were quarreling in the street.
Answer:
Quarreling of children caused a great uproar in society

Question 4.
The apple tasted sour.
Answer:
The taste of this fruit is not good.

Question 5.
My friend wanted a favour.
Answer:
Robert is now a wanted criminal.

IV. Examine and detail the processes involved in the formation of the following words:

Answer:
Do yourself.

V. Using proper nouns in a generic sense (as common nouns) as well as adjectives makes the language effective and impressive. For example:

Bohemian: (a native of Bohemia in erstwhile Czechoslovakia typified by nomadic and informal qualities) My friend is a Bohemian in outlook.

Shylock: (the ruthless usurer in William Shakespeare’s play, “The Merchant of Venice” Modem multinational banks are Shylocks for the common man. Given below is a list of some proper nouns used either as common nouns or adjectives.

Look up a dictionary for their generic sense and use them in sentences of your own.

1. Philistine
2. Daniel
3. Amazon
4. El Dorado
5. Hamlet
6. Samaritan
7. Santa Claus
8. Uncle Sam
9. Puck
10. Don Juan
11. Achilles’ heel
12. Machiavellian
13. Lilliputian
14. Sphinx riddle
15. Aladdin’s lamp
16. Satan

Answer:
Do yourself.

2.2 British And American English

See Workbook Pages 31 – 36

Exercises

I. Give the American variants for the following words used in British English:

1. toilet
2. queue
3. holiday
4. pavement
5. motorway
6. taxi
7. shop
8. underground
9. trousers
10. eraser.
Answer:

1. lavatory
2. line
3. vacation
4. sidewalk
5. highway
6. cab
7. trade centre
8. subway
9. pants
10. rubber.

II. Give the English spelling of the following American words:

1. honor
2. valor
3. humor
4. traveler
5. counselor
6. characterize
7. agonize
8. analyze
9. optimize
10. caliber.
Answer:

1. honour
2. valour
3. humour
4. traveller
5. counsellor
6. characterise
7. agonise
8. analyse
9. optimise
10. calibre

III. Give the American English variants of the following British English sentences:

Question 1.
Have you seen him?
Answer:
Did you see him?

Question 2.
Rina has done a good job.
Answer:
Riña did a good job.

Question 3.
Hasn’t he just finished?
Answer:
Didn’t he just finish?

Question 4.
We have already eaten.
Answer:
We already ate.

Question 5.
Have you got a mobile phone?
Answer:
Did you get a mobile phone?

Question 6.
No, we haven’t got one.
Answer:
No, we didn’t get one.

Question 7.
I have got a new car.
Answer:
I got a new car.

Question 8.
He has bought a new tie.
Answer:
He bought a new tie.

Question 9.
I got just home.
Answer:
I get just house.

Question 10.
I already ate.
Answer:
I already eat.

2.3 What’S The Right Word?

See Workbook Pages 38 – 39

Exercises

I. Select words from brackets fo fill in the blanks:

1. She is a woman with habits. (lovely/lovable)
2 people are not very to praise or blame. (sensitive/sensible)
3. All efforts of the doctor to find the went in (vain/vein)
4. Revising this will my burden. (lessen/lesson)
5. We should not our vote in favour of a candidate who believes in the system. (cast/caste)
6. The wound in the took a long time to (heel/heal)
7. It was difficult for her to remain even for a few minutes. (quiet/quite)
8. A is a man of (principle/principal)
9. The boy creates problems. (knotty/naughty)
10. Please till I have noted down the …… of the first child. (weight/wait)
Answer:

1. lovely, lovable
2. sensible, sensitive
3. vein, vain
4. lesson, lessen
5. cast, caste
6. heel, heal
7. quite, quiet
8. principal, principle
9. naughty, knotty
10. wait, weight.

II. Fill in the blanks with the suitable Words:

I. I felt insulted when she did not my invitation. (accept/except)
2. The eagle can spot it’s from a great height. (pray/prey)
3. When he reached the hospital he found the baby (all rightfaLright)
4. His conduct did not show that he belonged to a family. (respectable! respectful)
5. Giving dowry is a bad (habit/custom)
6. Indore is an important city of Madhya Pradesh. (industrious/industrial)
7. Sincerity and hard work can make any respectable.(vacation / vocation)
8. 1 the success of your plan. (doubt/suspect)
9. Mother Teresa won many International (awards/rewards)
10. The story has no (moral/morale)
Answer:

1. accept
2. prey
3. all right
4. respectable
5. custom
6. industrial
7. vocation
8. doubt
9. awards
10. moral

We believe the information shared regarding MP Board Solutions for 12th English Unit 2 Knowing about Words Questions and Answers as far as our knowledge is concerned is true and reliable. In case of any queries or suggestions do leave us your feedback and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility. Bookmark our site to avail latest updates on several state board Solutions at your fingertips.

MP Board Solutions for 12th Textbook General English The Spectrum Solutions Chapter 9 I’m Joe’s Brain Questions and Answers aids you to prepare all the topics in it effectively. You need not worry about the accuracy of the Madhya Pradesh Board Solutions for 12th English as they are given adhering to the latest exam pattern and syllabus guidelines.

You Can Download MP Board Class 12th English Solutions Questions and Answers Notes, Summary, Lessons: Pronunciation, Translation, Word Meanings, Textual Exercises. Enhance your subject knowledge by preparing from the Chapterwise MP Board Solutions for 12th English and clarify your doubts on the corresponding topics.

MP Board Class 12th English The Spectrum Solutions Chapter 9 I’m Joe’s Brain (Adapted)

Kick start your preparation by using our online resource MP Board Solutions for 12th English Chapter 9 I’m Joe’s Brain Questions and Answers. You can even download the Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12th English Solutions Questions and Answers for free of cost through the direct links available on our page. Clear your queries and understand the concept behind them in a simple manner. Simply tap on the concept you wish to prepare in the chapter and go through it.

I Am Joe’s Brain Exercises From The Text-Book

Word Power

(A) क्या आप दी गयी धातुओं और उने उपसर्गों को उनके अर्थ के साथ मिला सकते
Answer:

• Ambi – both
• Anthropo – man
• Auto – self
• Derm – skin
• Cosmo – universe
• Ethno – nation
• Equi – equal
• Dextro – right

(B) उन विशेषज्ञों के नाम लिखिए जिनके पास आपको जाना पड़ सकता है या भेजा जा सकता है:
Answer:

• Neurologist,
• Dermatologist,
• Cardiologist,
• Psychiatrist,
• Obstetrician,
• Gynaecologist,
• Paediatrician,
• Ophthalmologist,
• Orthopaedician.

Comprehension

निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए-

Question 1.
What does the brain consist of? [2009, 15, 16, 18]
मस्तिष्क में क्या समाहित है?
Answer:
The brain consists of 30 billion neurons and five to ten times that number of glial cells.
मस्तिष्क में 30 अरब न्यूरॉन व उसके पाँच से दस गुना ज्यादा ग्लिअल कोशिकाएँ समाहित हैं।

Question 2.
How can you say that Joe’s brain is Joe himself?
आप कैसे कह सकते हैं कि जो का मस्तिष्क जो स्वयं है?
Answer:
We can say this because of Joe’s personality, his reactions, his mental capacity are part of the brain. Joe’s hearing, tasting, feeling happen inside Joe’s brain.

हम ऐसा कह सकते हैं क्योंकि जो का व्यक्तित्व, उसकी प्रतिक्रियाएँ, उसकी मानसिक क्षमता मस्तिष्क का ही हिस्सा हैं। जो का सुनना, स्वाद चखना, महसूस करना जो के मस्तिष्क के भीतर ही घटित होता है।

Question 3.
How does the brain cope with the amount of information that keeps coming?
लगातार आने वाली सूचनाओं को मस्तिष्क किस प्रकार ग्रहण करता है?
Answer:
The brain selects what is important, and ignores the rest.
मस्तिष्क महत्वपूर्ण सूचना को चुनकर सहेजता है और बाकी सूचना को नजरअंदाज कर देता है।

Question 4.
How does the brain react in emergency situations? [2009, 10]
आकस्मिक स्थितियों में मस्तिष्क किस प्रकार प्रतिक्रिया देता है?
Answer:
The brain reacts in a different manner in emergency situations. If Joe slips on the ice, the brain immediately directs him to regain his balance and signal his arms to break the fall. If Joe hits the ground, the brain lets Joe know if he is hurt.

आकस्मिक स्थितियों में मस्तिष्क अलग प्रकार की प्रतिक्रिया देता है। अगर जो बर्फ पर फिसल जाता है तो मस्तिष्क तुरन्त उसकी बाँहों को अपना सन्तुलन बनाने और गिरने की गति को तोड़ने का संकेत देता है। अगर जो जमीन से टकरा जाता है तो मस्तिष्क उसे बताता है कि उसे चोट लगी है।

Question 5.
What does the brain do when carbon dioxide level rises in the blood? [2009]
रक्त में कार्बन डाइ-ऑक्साइड का स्तर बढ़ने पर मस्तिष्क क्या करता है?
Answer:
If the level of carbon dioxide increases in the blood, the brain suffers grave damage—in the form of paralysis or death.
यदि रक्त में कार्बन डाइ-ऑक्साइड का स्तर बढ़ जाये तो मस्तिष्क को गहरा नुकसान पहुँचता है—लकवा या मृत्यु के रूप में।

Question 6.
What will happen when the brain does not get the oxygen and blood it requires? [2009]
आवश्यक मात्रा में रक्त और ऑक्सीजन न मिलने पर क्या होगा?
Answer:
If there is a temporary shortage of the above, Joe faints. If the supply breaks for a few minutes, the brain may suffer grave damage in the form of paralysis or death.

यदि इन चीजों की अस्थायी कमी है तो जो बेहोश हो जायेगा। यदि आपूर्ति कुछ देर के लिए रुकती है तो मस्तिष्क को लकवा या मृत्यु के रूप में गहरा नुकसान होता है।

Question 7.
What happens when a part of brain is electrically stimulated?
मस्तिष्क के एक हिस्से को बिजली के झटके लगने पर क्या होता है?
Answer:
Electrical stimulation transforms a depressed Joe into an excited Joe.
बिजली का झटका निराश जो को क्रियाशील जो में बदल देता है।

Question 8.
What is most interesting discovery that the brain mappers have made?
मस्तिष्क को जानने वालों ने सबसे रोचक खोज कौन-सी की है?
Answer:
The most interesting discovery is ‘pleasure centre’.
सबसे रोचक खोज है ‘आनन्द देने वाला केन्द्र’।

Question 9.
What is a blood-brain barrier? How does it work? [2011, 17]
‘ब्लड-ब्रेन बैरियर’ क्या है? यह किस प्रकार काम करता है?
Answer:
The blood-brain barrier cushions it from shocks. It serves as a gatekeeper, letting some things in, denying entrance to others.
‘ब्लड-ब्रेन बैरियर’ मस्तिष्क को बाहरी झटकों से बचाता है। यह गेट कीपर के समान कार्य करता है अर्थात् कुछ चीजों को अन्दर आने देता है और दूसरी चीजों को अन्दर आने से रोकता है।

Question 10.
Describe the structure of the brain. [2009, 13, 15]
मस्तिष्क की बनावट का वर्णन कीजिए।
Answer:
The brain is made up of two hemispheres-right and left. It contains about 30 billion nerve cells or neurons. The intertwined roots seen when a sod is lifted from a lawn resemble the intertwined dendrites of the neurons.

मस्तिष्क दो गोलार्डों से मिलकर बना है दायाँ और बायाँ। इसमें करीब 30 अरब नर्व कोशिकाएँ या न्यूरॉन होते हैं। किसी दूर्वा क्षेत्र से एक छोटी-सी पटल उखाड़ने पर जड़ें जिस प्रकार गुंथी हुई दिखती हैं। उसी प्रकार न्यूरॉन के डेन्ड्राइट भी गुंथे हुए होते हैं।

Question 11.
What does a neuron look like? How does it work?
न्यूरॉन किस प्रकार का दिखता है? यह किस प्रकार का कार्य करता है?
Answer:
A neuron looks something like a spider attached to a filament. The spider is the cell body, the filament the axon, the legs the dendrites. The legs pick up a signal from adjacent neurons, pass it to the body; the signal is in turn passed along by the filament at speeds upto 340 km/h. After each signal passes, it takes the filament about 1/2000 of a second to recharge itself chemically. At no point does one of brain’s neurons touch another; signals are passed in spark gap fashion.

न्यूरॉन तन्तु से जुड़ी एक मकड़ी के समान दिखता है। मकड़ी उसकी देह, तन्तु एक्सॉन, पैर डेन्ड्रॉन हैं। पैर पास वाले न्यूरॉन से संकेत प्राप्त करते हैं, उसे देह तक पहुँचाते हैं, संकेत तन्तु से 340 किमी/घण्टे की रफ्तार से पास होता है। संकेत के गुजरने के बाद तन्तु सेकण्ड के 1/2000 वें भाग में स्वयं ही चार्ज हो जाता है। मस्तिष्क में किसी भी बिन्दु पर न्यूरॉन एक-दूसरे को स्पर्श नहीं करते, संकेत ‘स्पार्क गैप’ तरीके से भेजे जाते हैं।

Question 12.
How does the brain make up for its inability to reproduce?
मस्तिष्क पुनर्जीवित न कर पाने की अपनी कमी को किस प्रकार पूरा करता है?
Answer:
Even if a thousand cells of brain die, a thousand others may never notice the loss. This is how the brain makes up for its inability to reproduce.

मस्तिष्क की हजारों सेल भी नष्ट हो जायें, हजारों दूसरी ऐसी हैं जिन्हें इस नुकसान का पता नहीं चलता। इस तरह मस्तिष्क पुनर्जीवित न कर पाने की अपनी कमी को पूरा करता है।

Question 13.
What happens when a large number of cells are destroyed?
क्या होता है यदि बड़ी संख्या में सेल नष्ट हो जायें?
Answer:
If a large number of cells are destroyed, Joe’s sense of smell might diminish. His taste could become less acute and hearing fade. Joe might notice his attention span diminishing, and he might have more difficulty remembering names, dates, telephone numbers.

यदि बड़ी संख्या में सेल नष्ट हो जायें तो जो की सूंघने की ताकत घट सकती है। उसका स्वाद कम हो सकता है और श्रवण शक्ति घट सकती है। जो को ऐसा महसूस हो सकता है कि उसका ध्यान केन्द्रित करने की शक्ति घट रही है, और उसे नाम, तारीख, टेलीफोन नम्बर याद करने में ज्यादा दिक्कत हो सकती है।

Question 14.
What are the functions of the two hemispheres of the brain?
मस्तिष्क के दोनों गोलार्डों का क्या कार्य है?
Answer:
The left hemisphere of the brain controls much of the activities on the right side of a man’s body while the right hemisphere does the same for the left-hand side. The left hemisphere also controls his ability to walk, write and do mathematics and the right makes decisions about space.

मस्तिष्क का बायाँ गोलार्द्ध मनुष्य के दाहिने भाग के क्रिया-कलापों को नियन्त्रित करता है जबकि दाहिना बायें भाग को। बायाँ गोलार्द्ध उसकी चलने की, लिखने की और गणितीय क्षमताओं को नियन्त्रित करता है और दाहिना दूरी आदि के निर्णय लेता है।

Question 15.
Explain the storage system of the brain.
मस्तिष्क की भण्डारण पद्धति की व्याख्या कीजिए।
Answer:
The brain stores each memory in various places either the sight of an apple or the sound of a brook could trigger the same memory of a special spot in Vermont. Thus it is possible for Joe to manage quite nicely, even with part of the brain destroyed.

मस्तिष्क प्रत्येक याददाश्त को अनेक स्थानों पर सुरक्षित रखता है सेब का दृश्य या झरने की आवाज वार्मोन्ट के किसी विशेष स्थल की याद दिला सकते हैं। इस प्रकार यह .. सम्भव है कि मस्तिष्क के किसी भाग के नष्ट हो जाने पर भी जो अपना काम चला सके।
Question 16.
Describe the dangers that the brain is exposed to.
मस्तिष्क को होने वाले खतरों के विषय में बताइए।
Answer:
The dangers to the brain are many, such as tumors, stroke, clotting of blood in its small arteries, brain injury, etc.
मस्तिष्क को होने वाले खतरे अनेक हैं, यथा ट्यूमर, आघात [लकवा], मस्तिष्क की धमनियों में रक्त का थक्का जमना, मस्तिष्क की चोट आदि।

Language Practice

(A) नीचे दिए dialogues को कोष्ठक में दिए verb की will या going to form में परिवर्तित कर पूर्ण करो :
Answer:
1. A : Have you decided how to spend the money?
B : Well I think we will buy a new car, but we haven’t really decided yet.

2. A: Have you decided how to spend the prize money?
B : Yes we will buy a new car.

3. A : Did you know Sita is in a hospital? Do you think you could send her a get-well card?
B : I didn’t know that. Of course I will send her a card.

4. A : I heard yesterday that Sita is in hospital.
B: Yes I know. We are going to collect some money at work to send her some flowers.

5. A : Have you got tickets for the concert?
B: Yes, we are going on Saturday.

(B) Slashes में दिए गये शब्दों की सहायता से यह लिखिए कि निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में दी गयी स्थितियों में क्या होगा :
Answer:

• We are going to win the match.
• It will be very hot this year.
• We will reach Sehore in half an hour.
• He is going to fail in the examination.
• It is going to be a hit.
• It is going to rain soon.
• You are going to fall sick.

निम्न वाक्यों में verb को going to form में लिखिए :
Answer:

• She is getting married next week.
• We are holding an interview to select a few typists.
• They are building an overbridge at this site.
• Who is assisting you in this project?
• Whom are you entrusting with this responsibility?
• He is going to be a doctor when he grows up.
• Why are you not celebrating your birthday?
• Wait a minute. I am just ringing him up.

I Am Joe’s Brain Summary

– Adapted

इस अध्याय में मानव शरीर के सर्वाधिक महत्वपूर्ण अंग मस्तिष्क के विषय में बताया गया है। वास्तविकता यह है कि यदि दुनिया के अन्य आश्चर्यों से इसकी तुलना की जाये तो यह अन्य सभी आश्चर्यों से बड़ा होगा। मनुष्य का व्यक्तित्व, उसकी प्रतिक्रियाएँ, उसकी मानसिक क्षमता, उसका सुनना, स्वाद चखना, महसूस करना आदि सब कुछ मस्तिष्क से नियन्त्रित होते हैं। मेडिकल विज्ञान की प्रगति के बावजूद मस्तिष्क के कुछ ऐसे रहस्य हैं जिनको अभी ढूँढ़ा नहीं जा सका है। यद्यपि मस्तिष्क की संरचना अत्यन्त सुरक्षित घेरे में है, तथापि यह बेहद नाजुक व कोमल होता है। इसको खतरा पहुँचाने वाली चीजों में ट्यूमर, लकवा, खून का थक्का जमना, आघात आदि मुख्य रूप से हैं। कुछ मामलों में इन रोगों के बाद मनुष्य ठीक हो जाता है किन्तु अनेक मामलों में ऐसा नहीं हो पाता और उसकी मृत्यु तक हो जाती है। इन सबके बावजूद यह सच है कि मस्तिष्क में स्वयं ही अपनी बीमारी में सुधार करने की क्षमता भी अद्भुत है। इन्हीं सब विशिष्टताओं के कारण मस्तिष्क को सभी आश्चर्यों से ऊपर रखा गया है।

We believe the information shared regarding MP Board Solutions for 12th English Chapter 9 I’m Joe’s Brain Questions and Answers as far as our knowledge is concerned is true and reliable. In case of any queries or suggestions do leave us your feedback and our team will guide you at the soonest possibility. Bookmark our site to avail latest updates on several state board Solutions at your fingertips.

MP Board Solutions for 12th English Unit 1 Listening and Speaking Questions and Answers aids you to prepare all the topics in it effectively. You need not worry about the accuracy of the Madhya Pradesh Board Solutions for 12th English as they are given adhering to the latest exam pattern and syllabus guidelines.

You Can Download MP Board Class 12th English Solutions Questions and Answers Notes, Summary, Lessons: Pronunciation, Translation, Word Meanings, Textual Exercises. Enhance your subject knowledge by preparing from the Chapterwise MP Board Solutions for 12th English and clarify your doubts on the corresponding topics.

MP Board Class 12th English A Voyage Workbook Solutions Unit 1 Listening and Speaking

Kick start your preparation by using our online resource MP Board Solutions for 12th English Unit 1 Listening and Speaking Questions and Answers. You can even download the Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12th English Solutions Questions and Answers for free of cost through the direct links available on our page. Clear your queries and understand the concept behind them in a simple manner. Simply tap on the concept you wish to prepare in the chapter and go through it.

1.1 Phonetic Transcription

See Workbook Pages 1-2

Exercises

I. Pronounce the following words and list them in the given table separately according to the vowel sounds used in them. Also, look up these words in a dictionary and check your answer.

Answer:
Do yourself.

II. Pronounce the following words and list them in the given table separately according to the consonant sounds used in them. Also, look up these words in a dictionary and check your answer

Answer:
Do yourself.

III. Transcribe the words in the two exercises above, using the symbols given. Also, look up these words in a dictionary and check your answer.
Answer:
Do yourself.

IV. Look for the marked similar sound in the given words and pick the odd one out. First, one has been done.


Answer:

2. cattle
3. suit
4. suggestion
5. breathe
6. lead
7. both
8. dare
9. luck
10. zoo
11. wish
12. boy
13. curd
14. great
15. hope.

1.2 Syllable Division

See Workbook Pages 6-7

Exercises

I. Indicate the number of syllables in each of the following words.

Answer:

2. be-t-ween
3. note-book
4. a-rrange-ment
5. e-co-no-mics
6. en-gi-nee-ring
7. s-tran-ge
8. re-fresh-ment
9. pho-to-gra-phic
10. sen-sa-tio-nal.

II. Transcribe the following words, divide them into syllables with a hyphen (-) and describe the structure of each syllable in terms of CVC.
Answer:


Consonant Clusters:

See Workbook Pages 10-11

Exercises

I. Give five examples of each of the following consonant clusters. Lookup a pronouncing dictionary and correct your answers.
1. Initial : CC
2. Final : -CC
3. Initial : CCC
4. Final : -CCC
Answer:

1. place, play, pray, scream, A school.
2. fixed, student, pump, task, adopt.
3. Do yourself.
4. Do yourself.

II. Some Indian speakers of English find it difficult to pronounce certain English consonant clusters, depending on their mother tongue. List four initial or final clusters which indian speakers find difficult to pronounce. Give three examples of words in which they occur.
Answer:
See the dictionary and find yourself.

1.3 Word Stress

See Workbook Page 12

Exercises

Try and pronounce the following words. As you pronounce them, mark the stressed syllables and refer to a pronouncing dictionary to correct your stress marks.

Answer:
Do yourself.

Workbook Pages 12-14

Exercises

I. Transcribe the following words marking primary stress on them as given in the example:
Answer:
Do yourself.

II. Mark the stress and pronounce the following words as noun/adjective with accent on the first syllable and as verb with accent on the second syllable.

complete……..
reason …………
Patent ………….
credit …………..
support ………..
cement ……………
matter ………..
contact …………
report ………….
comment …………..

Answer:
Find them in the dictionary and do yourself.

III. Write the derivatives of the following words and show the shift of stress.

Answer:
Find in the dictionary and do yourself.

1.4 Intonation

See Workbook Page 16

Exercises

Listen carefully and mark the correct stress and intonation, using the information given below.

1. I like tea.
2. The train leaves at five o’clock.
3. What do you want?
4. It is quite strange.
5. You are happy, aren’t you?
6. What a stupid mistake!
7. Drop the letter.
8. How did you know that?
9. What a beautiful picture!
10. Stand up.
11. Do as I tell you.
12. Well done.
13. Can you meet me at eleven?
14. Good Morning!

Answer:
Do yourself.

Exercises

I. Divide the following conversation, held at a medicine shop, into tone groups, using the markers
(/,*) Also locate the nucleus and mark the appropriate tone (i.e fall, rise, orfali—rise).

• Customer : Hello.
• Chemist : Hello. Can I help you?
• Customer : Yes, please. Can I have these drugs?
• Chemist : Let me look at the whole prescription. I want to make sure that we
  have all the drugs. Yes, I’ll take just five minutes to make it up.
• Customer : Can I have a look at that face-wash?
• Chemist : Certainly.
• Customer : Is this effective?
• Chemist : Yes, very much. It helps in reducing pimples.
• Customer : How much it costs?
• Chemist : Fifty rupees only.
• Customer : Oh, that’s quite expensive.
• Chemist : But it’s very effective.
• Customer : Please give me the bill for the medicines.
• Chemist : O.K. That’s fifty-five rupees.
• Customer : Here’s a hundred.
• Chemist : Here’s your change.
• Customer : Thank you.

Answer:
Do yourself.

II. Listen carefully and divide the following sentences into tone groups, using the markers
(/,*) Also locale the nucleus and mark the appropriate tone (i.e. fall, rise, or fall—rise).

1. Although it was winter, the sun shone brightly.
2. Last week they had a birthday party
3. Suddenly they heard a loud explosion.
4. They weren’t angry, were they?
5. I went to see the doctor but he was not there.
6. “Don’t play on the road,” shouted the father to his son.
7. Its very late, I think.
8. It was a film for adults only; so I went to the circus.
9. I simply told him, “Truth always wins.”
10. Your answer is correct, in my opinion.

Answer:
Do yourself.

Exercises

Mark the stressed words in the following sentences with the sign (‘). Also divide them into tone-
groups (II) necessary, showing the correct intonation.

1. Phonetics is an interesting subject.
2. Work hard if you want to pass the examination.
3. I’ll see you the day after tomorrow.
4. I met my friend after a gap of ten years.
5. The prices of essential items are increasing day by day.
6. If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go for a picnic.
7. Some of the things I enjoy most is swimming and cooking.
8. I met with an accident, but luckily, I escaped with minor injuries.
9. Divide it between the two of us as it is in surplus.
10. Many foreigners who visit India are impressed with the diversity of culture it has got.
11. Look before you leap.
12. There is the house my father has built.
13. Whenever you want a break, you are welcome to ask For it.
14. Get me the book lest it might be lost.
15. What Is allotted can’t be blotted.

Answer:
Do yourself.

Exercises.

Transcribe the sentences given in the previous exercise and underline the words which have undergone reduction.
Answer:
Do yourself.

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MP Board Class 12th English The Spectrum Solutions Chapter 8 Ends and Means (Ramendra Kumar)

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Ends And Means Exercises From The Text-Book

Word Power

(A) खाली स्थानों में make से बनी phrasal verbs भरिए :

• Let’s make for the city centre and find a restaurant on the way.
• He did not make up to until she agreed to help.
• He made off as soon as he heard their car turn into the drive.
• The superb food at the hotel made up for the uncomfortable rooms.
• I cannot make out why our team declared so early.

(B) सही विकल्प को टिक (1) करें :
Answer:

1. opposite,
2. same,
3. opposite,
4. opposite,
5. same.

Comprehension

निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए

Question 1.
Who was Swami Arvasu? [2009, 10, 14, 16]
स्वामी अर्वासु कौन थे?
Answer:
Swami Arvasu was a monk who roamed the villages along the river Ganges with his small group of followers.
स्वामी अर्वासु एक साधु थे जो अपने शिष्यों के छोटे से दल के साथ गाँव-गाँव घूमते थे।

Question 2.
What was he [Swami Arvasu] doing under the Banyan tree? [2009, 10, 18]
बरगद के पेड़ के नीचे वह क्या कर रहे थे?
Answer:
He was sitting under a Banyan tree addressing a group of the faithful. He was giving a discourse on the Gita and its relevance to the common man.

बरगद के वृक्ष के नीचे बैठकर वह अपने अनुयायियों को सम्बोधित कर रहे थे। वह गीता तथा साधारण व्यक्ति के सन्दर्भ में उसकी सार्थकता पर शिक्षा दे रहे थे।

Question 3.
With what intention did Birju join the sage’s discourse?
बिरजू ने किस मन्तव्य से साधु के प्रवचन में भाग लिया?
Answer:
Birju’s intention was to pick a pocket or two. He was searching for prosperous-looking faces.
बिरजू का उद्देश्य एक-दो लोगों की जेबें काटना था। वह अमीर दिखने वाले लोगों को ढूँढ़ रहा था।

Question 4.
How was Birju affected with Swami Arvasu’s discourse?
स्वामी अर्वासु के प्रवचन से बिरजू किस प्रकार प्रभावित हुआ?
Answer:
Swami Arvasu’s powerful discourse left a deep impression on the mind and heart of Birju. His entire life flashed before his eyes and he realized that he had completely wąsted it. So he decided to change and lead an honest life.

स्वामी अर्वासु के प्रभावशाली प्रवचनों का बिरजू के हृदय व मस्तिष्क पर गहरा प्रभाव पड़ा। उसका पूरा जीवन उसकी आँखों के सामने घूम गया और उसे लगा कि उसने अपने जीवन को बर्बाद किया है। अतः उसने अब स्वयं को बदलना चाहा और एक ईमानदार जीवन जीने का निर्णय लिया।

Question 5.
Describe in your words the conversation between the sage and the thief when Birju asked to become a disciple.
जब बिरजू ने साधु का शिष्य होना चाहा तो उनके बीच क्या वार्तालाप हुआ?
Answer:
The sage thought that Birju had come to steal and told him that he had nothing to offer but his wisdom. But Birju informed the sage that his ords had made a great impact on him and that his entire life flashed before his eyes. Birju told the sage that he now wanted to change his life and be an honest person. In fact, he wanted to repent for his past.

साधु को लगा कि बिरजू उसके पास चोरी करने आया है। इसलिए उसने बिरजू से कहा कि उसके पास ज्ञान के अलावा देने के लए कुछ नहीं है। लेकिन बिरजू ने साधु से कहा कि साधु के शब्दों ने उसके ऊपर गहरा प्रभाव छोड़ा है और वह अपना जीवन परिवर्तित कर ईमानदार व्यक्ति बनना चाहता है। वास्तव में वह अपने बीते समय के लिए पश्चाताप करना चाहता है।

Question 6.
On what condition did the sage make Birju his disciple?
साधु ने बिरजू को किस शर्त पर अपना शिष्य बनाया?
Answer:
The sage asked Birju to be very careful. He also told him that if he shows any sign of misbehavior, he would be thrown out.
साधु ने बिरजू से बहुत सावधान रहने के लिए कहा। उसने यह भी कहा कि यदि उसने [बिरजू] दुर्व्यवहार का कोई भी संकेत दिया तो वह [साधु] उसे निकाल देंगे।

Question 7.
What happened when Birju went to collect firewood? [2009]
जब बिरजू आग जलाने के लिए लकड़ी लेने गया तब क्या हुआ?
Answer:
When Birju want to collect firewood, it was pitch dark. All windows and doors were shut. Everyone seemed to be asleep. He was wondering what to do.
जब बिरजू लकड़ी लेने गया तो घोर अंधेरा था। सभी खिड़कियाँ व दरवाजे बन्द थे। सभी लोग सो रहे थे। वह सोचने लगा कि क्या किया जाये।

Question 8.
What did Birju see when he peeped into the hut? [2012, 16]
झोंपड़ी के अन्दर झाँकने पर बिरजू ने क्या देखा?
Answer:
Birju saw that a young woman, clad in a tattered sari, was sitting in front of the fireplace. A frying pan was on the fire. Two children, a girl aged five and a boy aged four, were huddled in a corner. They were thin with their bones sticking out of their torn clothes. The mother would take a few drops of water every second and sprinkle on the pan.

बिरजू ने देखा कि एक फटी साड़ी में नौजवान महिला चूल्हे के सामने बैठी है। आग पर पतीला चढ़ा है। पाँच वर्ष की लड़की और चार वर्ष का लड़का एक कोने में बैठे हैं। वे इतने कमजोर थे कि उनके फटे कपड़ों से उनकी हड्डियाँ चमक रही थीं। हर सेकण्ड पर माँ पानी की कुछ बूंदें लेकर पतीले में छिड़क रही थी।

Question 9.
How did the woman in the hut react when she saw Birju?
बिरजू को देखकर झोंपड़ी में बैठी महिला की क्या प्रतिक्रिया थी?
Answer:
The woman stood up, walked towards Birju, touched his feet and said, “Maharaj, I am indeed fortunate to have your blessed feet enter my humble abode. However, I am equally unfortunate because I have nothing to give you”.

महिला खड़ी हुई, बिरजू की ओर गई, उसके पैर छुए और बोली, “महाराज, अपनी कुटिया में आपके पवित्र चरणों को पाकर मैं सचमुच भाग्यशाली हूँ। किन्तु मेरा दुर्भाग्य है कि मेरे पास आपको देने के लिए कुछ नहीं है।”

Question 10.
How did the poor woman trick her hungry children to sleep?
गरीब महिला ने अपने भूखे बच्चों को सुलाने के लिए क्या चाल चली?
Answer:
The poor woman continued to sprinkle water on the pan and gave the children the impression that food was being cooked. With this hope, the children went to sleep.
गरीब महिला ने पतीले पर पानी छिड़कना जारी रखा और बच्चों को यह महसूस कराया कि खाना पक रहा है। इसी उम्मीद से बच्चे सो गये।

Question 11.
How did Birju help the woman feed her children?
बिरजू ने बच्चों को खाना खिलाने में महिला की सहायता किस प्रकार की?
Answer:
Seeing the condition of the children, tears yelled up in Birju’s eyes. He walked out and searched the lanes of the village and found a grocery store. He succeeded in opening the lock of the door. He carried two sacks and placed them at the woman’s feet. This is how he helped the woman feed her children.

बच्चों की दशा देखकर बिरजू की आँखों में आँसू आ गये। वह बाहर आया और गाँव की गलियों में घूमा। अन्ततः उसे एक अनाज का भण्डार मिल गया। वह उसके दरवाजे का ताला खोलने में सफल हो गया। उसने अनाज के दो बोरे उठाये और महिला के पैरों पर लाकर रख दिए। बच्चों को खाना खिलाने में बिरजू ने महिला की इस प्रकार सहायता की।

Question 12.
How did Swami Arvasu react when Birju told him what he had done?
स्वामी अर्वासु की क्या प्रतिक्रिया थी जब बिरजू ने उन्हें बताया कि उसने क्या किया
Answer:
When Birju told Swami Arvasu what he had done, he was shocked. He told Birju that a wrong action could not be justified by lame excuses. A sin is a sin. He asked Birju to leave the place next morning.

जब बिरजू ने स्वामी अर्वासु को बताया कि उसने क्या किया है, तब उन्हें गहरा धक्का लगा। उन्होंने बिरजू से कहा कि झूठे बहानों से गलत कार्य को सही नहीं ठहराया जा सकता है। पाप तो पाप है। उन्होंने बिरजू से अगली सुबह वह जगह छोड़ देने के लिए कहा।

Question 13.
What miracle did the sage and his followers witness the next morning? [2009, 17]
साधु और उसके अनुयायियों ने अगली सुबह क्या चमत्कार देखा? ।
Answer:
The sage and his followers witnessed the next morning that there was a dazzling light in the sky and a huge bird-like creature was descending from the sky. They saw a young man clad in fine clothes getting down from the Pushpak Viman.

अगली सुबह साधु एवं उसके अनुयायियों ने आकाश में तेज रोशनी देखी और एक विशाल चिड़िया के आकार वाली वस्तु उतरते देखी। उन्होंने पुष्पक विमान से सुन्दर कपड़े पहने एक नौजवान को उतरते देखा।

Question 14.
What did Swami Arvasu think on seeing the celestial vehicle?
दिव्य वाहन को देखकर स्वामी अर्वासु ने क्या सोचा?
Answer:
Seeing the celestial vehicle, Swami Arvasu thought that Lord Indra had sent his messenger to take him to heaven. He thought that the day of his Nirvana had come.
दिव्य शक्ति को देखकर स्वामी अर्वासु ने सोचा कि भगवान इन्द्र ने उसे [स्वामी को] लेने के लिए अपना दूत भेजा है। उसे लगा कि उसके निर्वाण का दिवस आ गया है।

Question 15.
What, according to Brahmadatta made Birju, the thief, nobler than Swami Arvasu, the sage? [2011]
ब्रह्मदत्त के अनुसार चोर बिरजू किस प्रकार स्वामी अर्वासु से अधिक महान् हो गया?
Answer:
According to Brahmadatta, Birju’s kind act last night surpassed all the virtuous deeds of Swami Arvasu. He said if the end is noble then the means are not all that important. Even though Birju’s means were improper, his end was virtuous.

ब्रह्मदत्त के अनुसार बिरजू का पिछली रात्रि का दयालु कृत्य स्वामी अर्वासु के सभी गुणी कार्यों से ऊपर है। उसने बताया कि यदि उद्देश्य अच्छा है तो साधन महत्वपूर्ण नहीं होते। यद्यपि बिरजू के साधन अनुचित थे, उसका उद्देश्य अच्छा था।

Question 16.
Do you think that the title of the story is suitable to its content? कहानी में दिए गये तत्व के अनुसार क्या उसका शीर्षक उचित है?
Answer:
The title of the story is suitable to its content. Though Birju was involved in theft, he wanted to help the hungry children: Thus his means were wrong but his end was virtuous.

कहानी में दिए गये तत्व के अनुसार उसका शीर्षक उचित है। यद्यपि बिरजू चोरी में लिप्त था किन्तु वह भूखे बच्चों की सहायता करना चाहता था। इस प्रकार उसका माध्यम अनुचित था किन्तु उसका उद्देश्य अच्छा था।

Language Practice

(A) निम्न वाक्यों को एक क्रिया Past simple तथा दूसरी Past continuous में उपयोग कर पूरा कीजिये।
Answer:

1. I was reading the newspaper, when suddenly I heard a loud knock on the door.
2. I phoned Gopi an hour ago. He was doing his homework.
3. I first met Megha a couple of years ago. She was working at the Royal Hospital at that time.
4. We asked Prince to come with us, but he was watching the foot ball match on T. V.
5. While I was driving to work this morning, I almost had a serious accident.
6. When we were shopping last week, we found a nice place to have coffee.

(B) Verb की Simple past या present perfect form से रिक्त स्थान भरिए :
Answer:
I was born in 1965. I first went to school in 1970. At that time I was very young. I have been at school for three years and I made many friends. My father bought me a cycle last year. I have had this cycle for one year. I had an accident last month, and I have not ridden it since then.

(C) निम्नलिखित वाक्यों के रिक्त स्थानों को Verb की simple past एवं past perfect form fy:
Answer:

1. I was late. The meeting had started an hour ago.
2. They had not come even though we sent them a special invitation.
3. It was a good story, but I had heard it before.
4. We had lost our way. We did not know what to do.
5. As soon as we had finished work, we went home.

(D) faut parceti ant going to……….but o sum fifty :
Answer:

1. I was going to the cinema, but I didn’t have any money.
2. Ashoo was going to play football, but he forgot his boots.
3. We were going to swimming, but it was too cold.
4. They were going to visit Oxford, but they didn’t have any time.
5. He was going to see the play, but there were no seats.
6. I was going to do my home work, but I had forgotten my books.

Ends And Means Summary

– Ramendra Kumar

यह अध्याय स्वामी अर्वासु नामक साधु और बिरजू नामक चोर के विषय में है। साधु अर्वासु के प्रवचन सुनकर चोर का हृदय परिवर्तन हो जाता है और वह उस साधु का शिष्य बन जाता है। एक दिन साधु उसे आग जलाने के लिए लकड़ी लाने को कहते हैं। शिष्य बिरजानन्द लकड़ी ढूँढ़ते-ढूँढ़ते एक ऐसे घर पहुँचता है जहाँ दो बच्चे और एक माँ बहुत लम्बे समय से भूखे रहकर जर्जर काया में परिवर्तित हो गये हैं। बिरजानन्द यह दृश्य देखकर द्रवित हो जाता है और पास के एक मकान में चोरी करके उस परिवार को अनाज लाकर देता है। वह अपने गुरु साधु अर्वासु के पास लौटकर उन्हें पूरी बात बताता है। साधु उसकी चोरी की बात सुनकर बेहद क्रोधित हो जाते हैं और अगले दिन प्रातः उसे स्थान छोड़ने का आदेश देते हैं। बिरजानन्द दुःखी मन से गुरु की बात मान लेता है। अगले दिन सुबह अचानक पुष्पक विमान से ब्रह्मदत्त नामक व्यक्ति वहाँ आता है। साधु अर्वासु अपने शिष्यों से कहते हैं कि भगवान इन्द्र ने उन्हें लिवाने के लिए भेजा है। किन्तु ब्रह्मदत्त बताते हैं कि उन्हें तो बिरजानन्द को साथ ले जाना है तो साधु अर्वासु कहते हैं कि वह तो चोर है। इस पर ब्रह्मदत्त साधु को समझाते हैं कि इसने गरीब की मदद करने के लिए चोरी की है, अतः यह चोर नहीं है। यद्यपि उसका तरीका अनैतिक था किन्तु बिरजानन्द का उद्देश्य नैतिक था।

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MP Board Solutions for 12th English Chapter 19 The Gita and Swadharma Questions and Answers aids you to prepare all the topics in it effectively. You need not worry about the accuracy of the Madhya Pradesh Board Solutions for 12th English as they are given adhering to the latest exam pattern and syllabus guidelines.

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MP Board Class 12th English A Voyage Solutions Chapter 19 The Gita and Swadharma (Vinoba Bhave)

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The Gita and Swadharma Textbook Exercises

Word Power

A. Match the word in column ‘A’ with their meaning in column ‘B’

A – B

1. ambience – a. impossible to imagine or believe
2. resolve – b. to hate
3. nectar – c. find a satisfactory solution to a problem
4. inconceivable – d. that you cannot avoid or prevent
5. abhor – e. a tendency to a particular kind of behaviour
6. inevitable – f. false belief or opinion about yourself or your situation
7. ardour – g. to criticize
8. delusion – h. very strong feelings of enthusiasm or love
9. castigates – i. sweet liquid that is produced by flowers
10. propensity – j. the character and atmosphere of a place
Answer:
1. (j), 2. (c), 3. (i), 4. (a), 5. (b), 6. (d), 7. (h), 8. (f). 9. (g), 10. (e).

B. Find antonyms of the following words from the lesson:
sweet, relish, win, ever,, plant, foolish.
Answer:

• sweet — sinful
• relish — abhor
• win — rout
• ever — never
• plant remove
• foolish — authentic

C. Use the following phrases in sentences of your own:
willing to, with a firm resolve, accused of, flee away, all in vain.
Answer:

• willing to — Mother Teresa was always willing to help the destitute.
• with a firm resolve — If you start a work with a firm resolve, you will definitely get success.
• accused of — The man was accused of theft.
• flee away — The police caught the man while he was trying to flee away the country.
• all In vain — I tried to convince my friend with several arguments but all in vain.

D. Give synonyms of the following wards:
view fear, mediate, examine, dispel.
Answer:

• view — opinion
• fear — terror, alarm
• mediate — negotiate
• examine — review, analyse
• dispel disperse

Comprehension

A. Answer the following questions in one sentence:

Question 1.
What does Vinoba Bhave say about his heart and mind?
Answer:
Vinoba Bhave says that Gita and he transcends reason and there is little place for logic in a relationship of loving tenderness.

Question 2.
Where does he soar high and how?
Answer:
He soars high in the vast expanse of the Gita on the twin wings of faith and experimentation.

Question 3.
What does Vinoba Bhave compare the Gita with?
Answer:
Vinoba Bhave compares the Gita with the ocean of nectar.

Question 4.
Where has the Gita been set?
Answer:
The Gita has been set in the middle of great epic Mahabharata.

Question 5.
What does It look like?
Answer:
It looks like a lighthouse which illuminates the whole of the epic.

B. Answer the following questions in about 40-60 words each:

Question 1.
In the opinion of many people what was the purpose of preaching the Cita?
Answer:
In the opinion of many people the purpose of preaching the Cita was to restore Arjuna’s manliness and persuade him to fight. In their view the Gita preaches not only Karmayoga (the philosophy of action) but also Yudhayoga (the philosophy of war).

Question 2.
What, In the opinion of Vinoba, is inconceivable?
Answer:
In the opinion of Vinoba, it is inconceivable to doubt Arjuna’s manliness and valour. The army is not braver than him. It is not out of fear that he is turning away from the battle. He is a great warrior and valour is in every drop of his blood.

Question 3.
Whom had Arjuna single-handedly routed and when?
Answer:
Arjuna was a great warrior. He had fought hundreds of battles. He had single-handedly routed Bhishma, Drona and Karna when they had invaded Virat’s Kingdom.

Question 4.
Why had war become inevitable?
Answer:
The war had become inevitable because every attempt to avoid war had failed. The Pandavas had pitched their claims at the minimum. Still the Kauravas didn’t agree. Even Krishna himself had tried to mediate in order to bury the chance of war. But all the attempts proved in vain.

Question 5.
Why did Arjuna ask Krishna to place his chariot between the two armie.?
Answer:
Arjuna had come to the battlefield to fight war. Krishna was his charioteer. But before starting the war, he asked Krishna to place his chariot between the two armies because he wanted to have a look at the people who had assembled there to fight with him.

Question 6.
What did he see then?
Answer:
When Krishna placed his chariot between the two armies Arjuna looked around and saw his kith and kin, near and dear ones arrayed on both the sides. He found four generations of his own people intent on fighting to the finish.

Question 7.
What made Arjuna lose his nerve? (M.P. Board 2016)
Answer:
Arjuna saw his kith and kin., near and dear ones arrayed on both the sides in the battlefield. This made him lose his nerve. He found it difficult to fight with his own people.

Question 8.
What Lord Krishna realize?
Answer:
Aquna felt attached with his kinsmen This attachment to the kith and kin clouded his sense of duty He began to curse war. Krishna realized that Arjuna was not voicing his own authentic conviction, his words were seemingly wise, but not really so.

Question 9.
What does the Gita nowhere deal with and why?
Answer:
The Gita nowhere deals with the opinion that Arjuna had really become a votary of non violence. Had he really become so, he would not have been satisfied until his arguments has been convincingly answered.

Question 10.
What is the purpose of the Gita?
Answer:
The purpose of the Gita is to remove the delusion that stands between us and our swadharma. Arjuna was confused about his dharma. He was gripped by a delusion about his swadharma. When Krishna criticizes him, he himself admits it. The Gita’s main task is to remove that delusion, that attachment which clouds the act of duty.

C. Answer the following questions tn about 75 words each:

Question 1.
What is the second common opinion about the Gita, which, according to Vinoba Bhave, is not right?
Answer:
The second common opinion is that the Gita is meant to make Aijuna willing to fight by removing his inclination towards non-violence. But Vinoba Bhave rejects this opinion by giving appropriate example. If Arjuna had really become a worshipper of non-violence. he would not have come to the battlefield. But the fact was that he had come to the battlefield with a firm resolve and a sense of duty. He was a kshatriya and fighting was in his blood. He had slain innumerable warriors in many a battle. War was for him his natural and inescapable duty. But he was trying to evade it under the spell of delusion, i. e. attachment to his kinsmen.

Question 2.
What clouded his sense of duty and made him philosophise?
Answer:
Arjuna had come to the battlefield with a firm resolve and a sense of duty. He was a true fighting was in his blood. But when he looked around the battlefield, he found his kith and kin, near and dear ones arrayed on both the sides. It was not that Arjuna had no idea of what he was going to see. But the actual sight shook him from within the heart. He felt attached to his close friends and relatives. As in front of him were his own kith and kin, it stopped him. Had there been somebody else, he would have never stoped but behedded them. Seeing his family made him philosophise and clouded his sense of duty.

Question 3.
What specious argument did Arjuna put before Lord Krishna?
Answer:
It was the attachment to his kith and kin, loved ones that blurred his sense of duty. He suddenly began to evade war under the spell of delusion i.e. attachment to his friends and relatives. He philosophised so that war might not occur. He put before Krishna the specious argument that war in itself was sinful and that it would destroy the clan, eclipse dharma and bring total destruction.

Question 4.
What proved that Arjuna had not become a votary of non-violence?
Answer:
Arjuna had not really become a votary of non-violence. The intrinsic tendency to fight was still very much a part of his nature. War for him was his natural and inescapable duty. He had slain innumerable warriors in many a battle. But he was trying to evade war under the spell of delusion i.e. attachment to his close friends and relatives.

D. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each.

Question 1.
What story of a judge does Vinoba Bhave narrate, and why?
Answer:
Vinoba Bhave narrates the story of a judge. He had awarded death sentence to hundreds of criminals. But one day his own son accused of murder, was produced before him. The guilt was proved and the time came for the judge to pronounce the sentence. But then he hesitated and started arguing that the death sentence is inhuman. It is not good to inflict such a punishment. It destroys all hopes of reforming the guilty. One commits murder in a fit of passion. The moment of blood thirsty madness then passes off. Still we take him to the gallows and hang him to death.

It is really a blot on humanity. But had his son not been there the judge would have gone sentencing people to death. This makes it clear that the judge’s arguments were born out of attachment to his son. Vinoba Bhave narrates the above story because he finds Arjuna’s condition like that of the judge. Arjuna tried to evade .war because he didn’t want to fight with his own people! Had these in front of him not been his kinsmen he would certainly have felt no qualms in severing their heads and merrily tossing them around. The arguments that he put before Krishna looked inner conviction, like that of the judge. They were all born out of attachment to his own people.

Question 2.
What does Vyasa say at the beginning of the Mahabharata, and does the Gita succeed in achieving that purpose?
Answer:
Vyasa, at the beginning of the Mahabharata says that he is lighting this lamp of history to dispel delusions from the minds of the people. The Gita succeeds in achieving its purpose which centres around the removal of delusion that stands between us and our swadharma. Arjuna was confused about his dharma.

He was gripped by a delusion about his swadharma. When Krishna criticizes him severely, he himself admits it. The main task of the Gita is to remove that delusion i.e. Arjuna’s attachment to his kith and kin. When Lord Krishna asked Arjuna at the end of the Gita if his delusion had gone then, Arjuna replied in affirmative. He said that the delusion had fled away, and he had realized what his swadharma was.

Grammar

A. Look at the structure of this sentence from the first paragraph of the lesson:

I am as if were afloat on the surface of this ocean of nectar when I am talking about the Gita and when alone, I dive deep into this ocean and rest there. There are six clauses in the above sentence:

• I am —main clause.
• As if were afloat on the surface of this ocean of nectar — subordinate adverbial clause, denoting manner.
• When I am talking about the Gita — subordinate adverbial clause, denoting time.
• And when alone — subordinate adverbial clause, denoting time.
• I dive deep into this ocean — co-ordinate clause.
• And rest there — co-ordinate clause.

The above sentence is a mixed sentence, comprising three sub-ordinate clauses and two co-ordinate clauses. There are many such sentences in the lesson. Analyse and classify their structure by citing them. For additional help, refer to the workbook.
Answer:
For self-attempt.

B. Study the structure of below-mentioned sentences from the lesson:

Rewrite the sentences given below, using passive construction:

1. Somebody cleans the room every day.
2. They cancelled all the flights because of fog.
3. People don’t use this road very often.
4. Somebody accused me of stealing money.
5. How do people learn language?
6. People advised us not to go out alone.
7. They don’t like strangers in this town.
8. They are serving tea to the guests.
9. Did anyone ask any questions about me?
10. They still deny equal rights to women.
Answer:

1. The room is cleaned everyday.
2. All the flights were cancelled because of fog.
3. This road is not used very often by people.
4. I was accused of stealing money.
5. How is language learnt by people?
6. We were advised not to go out alone by people.
7. Strangers are not liked in this town by them.
8. Tea is being served by them to the guests.
9. Were any questions asked about me?
10. Equal rights to women are still denied by them.

C. There are sentences in the direct speech in the lesson. Convert them into indirect speech, referring to the workbook.
1. He asks Krishna with heroic ardour, “Place my chariot between the two armies, so that I can have a look at the people who have assembled here to fight with me.”
2. The Lord asked Arjuna at the end of the Gita, O Arjuna! Has your delusion gone now?
3. Arjuna replied, “Yes, Lord. The delusion has fled away. I have realized what my swadharma is”.
Answer:

1. He asks Krishna with heroic ardour to place his chariot between the two armies, so that he can have a look at the people who have assembled there to fight with him.
2. The Lord asked Arjuna at the end of the Gita if his delusion had gone then.
3. Arjuna affirms that the delusion had fled a way and he had realized what his swadharma was.

Speaking Activity

A. Arrange a discussion about Arjuna’s ‘delusion’.
Answer:
Do yourself.

B. Re-collect some incidents of your life in which ‘swardharma’ was in conflict with your wishes, and narrate to your class how you resolved it.
Answer:
Do yourself.

C. Divide the class into two groups. Debate the value of swardharma taught in modern educational system as against the ancient Gurukul system of education
Answer:
Do yourself.

Writing Activity

A. Swadharma is following the call of duty, forsaking worldly attachment both material and personal. Arjuna followed it infighting the Mahabharata war. Vinoba followed it in fighting for the poor. Thinking over your role in the present political scenario, write a letter to your friend.
Answer:
Prepare the letter with the help of the hints given below:

• All around corruption in society.
• It is ruining our life.
• Human values are diminishing.
• Everyone tends to lead a corrupt life.
• We are living behind a fractured society with immoral values.
• It must be stopped.
• I have decided to fight against it and lead a clean life.
• I have made a group of volunteers to mobilise people.
• We are working day and night.
• The system is changing.
• There is a hope for betterment.

B. There are several such instances as that of the vacillating judge, narrated by the author himself. Such circumstances are there in every profession. Suppose you were a doctor. An ailing poor patient wants help from you. How would you react? Frame a dialogue, highlighting your support,
Answer:
Do yourself.

C. Expand the idea Contained in the saying. “Work is worship; duty is God,” in about 150 words.
Answer:
Life is not a bed of roses. On the contrary, it is full of dangers and difficulties, trials and temptation, and man has to carry on a constant fight against them. Any slackness in this fight will upset the entire thing and bring about untold miseries. So, it is essential that man must work and work patiently and perseveringly. The Hindu philosophy of Karmayoga reiterates the same thing. One can attain one’s goal of life only through Karma or action.

That’s why It is said that work is worship and duty is God. We must concentrate on the work assigned to us. Our involvement in work brings satisfaction and happiness in our life. Even God also helps only those who give priority to their duty There are people who spend too much time in sitting before the idols of Gods and goddesses to seek his/her blessing. They never give much importance to their work or duty. Such people must be aware of the fact that even gods/goddesses cannot help them if they shirk their responsibilities. So, if we wish to make our life highly successful, we should work ceaselessly. Work is key to success.

Think it Over

A. Have you read or heard the mythological story of Satyawadi Harishchandra’ True to his calling, he didn’t spare even his wife in exacting the toll for cremating their dead son, Rohitashwa. There are many such instances in our past as well as present. How does it motivate and insprise you?
Answer:
Such stories motivate us in various ways. We should be truthful and honest throughout our life. We should be tolerant and remain unaffected by the ups and downs of life.

B. ‘Talks on the Gita is to the Gita, what the Upanishads are to the Vedas. Such texts are called treaties. They elucidate the thoughts of the source texts. Look for the English rendering of saine of the oft-quoted verses (shiokas) of the Gita on the Internet and think over its meaning.
Answer:
Do yourself.

Things to Do

A. We have seen many famous people, such as Mahatma Gandhi, who made a mark in public life, inspired by the philosophy of the Gua. Make a list of such prominent people and prepare a biographical sketch.
Answer:
A List of such prominent people is given below:

• Dr. Rajendra Prasad.
• Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru.
• Mother Teresa.
• Swami Vivekananda.
• Jay Prakash Narayan.
• A.P.J Abdul Kalam.

Note: Students are suggested to add names of many more personalities and read about their lives.

B. Vinoba Bhave pioneered ‘Bhoodan movement’ in India. He established his ashram at Pawnar in Wardha district of Maharashtra. Plan a visit to the ashram, and compile the valuable information about his life and times received during that visit.
Answer:
Do yourself.

The Gita and Swadharma by Vinoba Bhave Introduction

This is an excerpt from ‘Talk! on the Gita’ The author Vmoba Bhave explains the purpose for which the Gita was preached. According to him, the Gita seeks to remove the delusion that distracts us from our duty. He perceives Swadharma as action to ail the call of duty, forsaking worldly attachment.

The Gita and Swadharma Summary in English

The Gita has been set in the Mahabharata, a great epic of the time. Its message has been unfolded in the middle of the battlefield with seven divisions of the Pandava army on one side and eleven divisions of the Kaurava army on the other.

It was Lord Krishna who preached the Gita to make Arjuna ready to fight. Arjuna was a Kshatriya and fighting was in his blood. But first he had attempted to avoid war. Even Krishna himself tried to mediate but all in vain, making the war inevitable. And finally Arjuna had come to the battlefield to perform his duty, i.e. to fight war with the Kauravas. He had made Krishna his charioteer.

Many mighty kings had surrounded him. But before starting the fight he gives a look at the people who had gathered in the battlefield and finds his near and dear ones on both the sides. Now it becomes difficult for him to fight with his own relatives. His heart is filled with deep anguish. He feels dejected. Here arises a question. Would Arjuna have felt the same pangs of pain if those standing in front of him had not been his kinsmen? Certainly not.

It means that his attachment to his kith and kin prevents him from fighting. This attachment to the kith and kin clouds his sense of duty. He tells Krishna that one should not indulge in war. War is never good because it destroys the whole clan and brings total destruction.

Arjuna’s arguments are not baseless. But the point is that he is not voicing his own authentic conviction. His words are seemingly wise but not really so. Lord Krishna realises this and proceeds to dispel his delusion by ignoring all his (Arjuna’s) arguments. He knows very well that Arjuna is not the one who believes in non-violence. War is for him his natural and inescapable duty. But he is trying to evade it because he is under the spell of delusion. Once this delusion, is removed, he would be ready to fight with all energy.

Lord Krishna preaches the Gita to remove the delusion that stands between us and our swadharma. Arjuna is confused about his dharma.He is gripped by a delusion about his swadharma. Krishna criticizes him severely so that he may not ignore the call of duty. And at the end of the Gita Arjuna is totally disillusioned. He realizes what his swadharma is. Thus, the removal of delusion is the central message of this chapter.

The Gita and Swadharma Summary in Hindi

गीता का प्रारम्भ महाभारत, जो अपने समय का एक महान महाकाव्य है, में हुआ है। इसमें जो संदेश दिया गया है, उसका खुलासा युद्ध-भूमि के बीच में होता है जहाँ एक तरफ पांडव सेना की सात टुकड़ियाँ हैं और दूसरी ओर कौरव सेना की ग्यारह।

भगवान कृष्ण गीता का उपदेश अर्जुन को देते हैं ताकि वह युद्ध के लिए तैयार हो सके। अर्जुन क्षत्रिय था और युद्ध उसके खून में रचा-बसा था। फिर भी उसका प्रथम प्रयास था, युद्ध को टालना। यहाँ तक कृष्ण ने भी मध्यस्थता की किन्तु सब व्यर्थ साबित हुआ और बुद्ध अवश्यंभावी हो गया। और अंततः अर्जुन युद्धभूमि में आ धमका, अपना कर्त्तव्य निभाने अर्थात् कौरवों से युद्ध करने। उसने कृष्ण को अपना सारथी बनाया था। बहुत से शक्तिशाली राजा उसके इर्द-गिर्द थे। लेकिन युद्ध शुरू करने के पहले वह युद्ध-भूमि में एकत्रित सभी योद्धाओं पर एक नजर डालता है और दोनों तरफ अपने ही सगेसम्बन्धियों को पाता है। अब उसके लिए अपने ही लोगों से युद्ध करना मुश्किल लगने लगता है। उसका हृदय आहत हो जाता है। वह अत्यंत दुःखी हो जाता है।

यहाँ पर एक प्रश्न उठता है। क्या अर्जुन ऐसा ही दर्द तब भी महसूस करता जब उसके सामने खड़े लोग उसके सगे-संबंधी नहीं होते? निश्चित तौर पर नहीं। इसका मतलब यह है कि अपने सगे-संबंधियों के प्रति आसक्ति उसे युद्ध करने से रोकती है। अपने लोगों के प्रति इसी लगाव ने उसके कर्त्तव्य-बोध को धुंधला कर दिया है। वह कृष्ण से कहता है कि किसी को भी युद्ध नहीं करना चाहिए। युद्ध कभी अच्छा हो ही नहीं सकता क्योंकि यह अपने ही कुल का नाश कर देता है और सम्पूर्ण विनाश लाता है।

अर्जुन के तर्क आधारहीन नहीं हैं। लेकिन वह जो भी कह रहा है उसका संबंध उसके विश्वास से नहीं है। उसके शब्द ऊपर-ऊपर तो बुद्धिपरक प्रतीत हो रहे हैं लेकिन वास्तव में ऐसा नहीं है। भगवान कृष्ण इसे समझ जाते हैं और अर्जुन के सारे तर्को को नजरअंदाज करते हुए उसके भ्रम अर्थात् मिथ्या विश्वास को हटाने के लिए आगे बढ़ते हैं। उन्हें अच्छी तरह पता है कि अर्जुन वह कदापि नहीं है जो अहिंसा में विश्वास रखता है। युद्ध उसका स्वभाविक और अपरिहार्य कर्त्तव्य है। लेकिन वह इस कर्त्तव्य से मुख मोड़ने का प्रयास कर रहा है क्योंकि वह मिथ्या विश्वास के साये में है। एक बार उसका भ्रम दूर हो जाए तो वह पूरी ताकत से युद्ध करने को तैयार हो जाएगा।

भगवान कृष्ण इसी भ्रम को हटाने हेतु गीता का उपदेश देते हैं जो हमारे और हमारे स्वधर्म के बीच खड़ा है। अर्जुन अपने धर्म के बारे में दिग्भ्रमित है। वह अपने ही स्वधर्म के जाल में फंसा है। कृष्ण उसकी घोर निन्दा करते हैं ताकि वह कर्त्तव्य बोध से विचलित न हो। और गीता के अंत में अर्जुन का मोहभंग हो ही जाता है। उसे समझ में आ जाता है कि उसका स्वधर्म क्या है। इस प्रकार यह पाठ मिथ्या विश्वास को हटाने का संदेश देता है।

The Gita and Swadharma Word Meaning

The Gita and Swadharma Important Pronunciations

The Gita and Swadharma Passages for Comprehension

Read the following passages taken from the lesson and answer the questions that follow:

It was Arjuna who quailed; not the army. Was then the army braver than Arjuna? It is just inconceivable. It was not out of fear that Arjuna was shying away from the battle. The great warrior had fought hundreds of battles. He had single handedly routed Bhishma, Drona and Karna when they had invaded Virat’s kingdom. He was, in fact, known as one who knew no defeat; a man among men. Valour was in every drop of his blood.
(Page 147)

Questions:
(i) What is inconceivable? Why does the author say so?
(ii) Whom had Arjuna routed single-handedly? Why?
(iii) How was Arjuna known as?
(iv) Find a word from the passage which means the same as ‘frightened’.
(v) Find a word from the passage which means opposite to cowardice.
Answers:
(i) Thinking army braver than Arjuna is ‘inconceivable’. The author says so because he is well aware of Arjuna’s bravery and manliness. Which he supports by giving examples.
(ii). Arjuna had single-handedly routed Bhishma, Drona and Kama because they had invaded Virat’s kingdom.
(iii) Arjuna was known as one who knew no defeat. He was a man among men. He was a brave warrior.
(iv) ‘Qualled’
(v) Valour

2. It is not that Aquna had no idea of what he was going to see. But the actual sight, as is always the case, had a devastating impact. Seeing his kinsmen on the battlefield, Arjuna lost his nerve and deep anguish assailed his heart. In the past he had slain innumerable warriors in many a battle, but he had never before felt so dejected, never had his bow Gandiva slipped from his hands, never had he trembled so, never had welled up in his eyes! Then, why was all this happening now? Was he coming to abhor violence like King Ashoka? (Page 147)

Questions:
(ï) What was the actual sight that had devastating impact on Arjuna?
(ii) What was the past history of Arjuna?
(iii) Arjuna had never before felt so dejected. Why?
(iv) Why does the author compare Arjuna with King Ashoka?
(v) Pick out a word from the above passage which means the same as ‘hate’.
Answers:
(i) Standing in the battlefield Aquna finds his kith and kin, near and dear ones arrayed on both the sides. This very sight had a devastating impact on him (Arjuna).
(ii) Arjuna’s past history is full of glaring examples of brave deeds. He had slain innumerable warriors in many a battle.
(iii) Arjuna had never before fought wars with his kith and kin. For the first time in his life he had come to the battlefield to fight with his kinsmen. It was therefore he was feeling dejected.
(iv) Like Ashoka, Arjuna too wished to turn away from violence. He displayed all the traits of Ashoka at that time. Therefore, the author makes such a comparison.
(v) ‘abhor’.

3. But attachment to the kith and kin clouded his sense of duty and then he started philosophising. When a man with a sense of duty is caught in delusion, he cannot face his lapse from duty He tries to justify it by citing lofty principles. The same thing happened with Arjuna. He now started putting before Krishna, to convince him, the specious argument that war in itself was sinful that it would destroy the clan, eclipse
dharma and lead to moral anarchy, scarcity and devastation and bring many other disasters on the society, (Page 148)

Questions:
(i) What clouded Arjuna’s sense of duty?
(ii) Why did Arjuna start philosophising?
(iii) What argument did he put before Krishna about war?
(iv) Why did he display apathy to war?
(y) Pick out a word from the passage which means opposite ‘sufficiency’.
Answers:
(i) Seeing his close relatives standing in the battlefield Arjuna felt attached to them. He wished to turn away from fighting war. This attachment to the kith and kin clouded his sense of duty
(ii) Arjuna started philosophising because he no more wanted to fight war with his kinsmen.
(iii) He put before Krishna the argument that war in itself was sinful that it would destroy the clan, eclipse dharma and lead to total devastation.

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