MP Board Class 11th Special English Grammar Important Questions
I. Time and Tenses
The word ‘time’ is independent of language while ‘tense’ may be defined as the form of a verb which indicates the time relationship. Tense indicates whether the activity is past, present or future.
There are three tenses in English:
(i) Present,
(ii) Past,
(iii) Future.
Each of these three has four forms :
(a) Indefinite,
(b) Continuous,
(c) Perfect and
(d) Perfect continuous.
Question 1.
Put the verb into the correct form (present indefinite or present continuous) :
(i) Please be quiet, to concentrate. (try)
(ii) I …………….. this week. (not work) I am on a holiday.
(iii) I want to lose weight, I ……………….. anything today. (not eat)
(iv) I have a car but I ……………. it very often. (not use)
(v) Water …………… at 100 degree centigrade. (boil)
Answer :
(i) am trying,
(ii) am not working,
(iii) am not eating,
(iv) do not use,
(v) boils.
Question 2.
Read the following sentences and correct them. The English is correct but the information is wrong:
(i) The sun rises in the west.
Answer :
(i) The sun does not rise in the west.
(ii) Cats catch dogs.
Answer :
Cats do not catch dogs.
(iii) Carpenters make things from metal.
Answer :
Carpenters do not make things from metal.
(iv) The Ganga flows into the Arabian sea.
Answer :
The Ganga does not flow into the Arabian sea.
Question 3.
Put the verb into correct form (present indefinite or present continuous) :
(i) I …………. to a political party. (not, belong)
(ii) Hurry! The bus …………… (come), I ……………….to miss it. (not, want)
(iii) The river Mahanadi ……………. into the sea. (flow)
(iv) The river …………. Very fast today, much faster than usual. (flow)
(v) We usually ………………Vegetables in our garden, this year we ………….. any. (grow)
Answer :
(i) do not belong,
(ii) is coming, do not want,
(iii) flows,
(iv) is flowing,
(v) grow, are not growing.
Question 4.
Make question with the words given (use present perfect tense only):
(i) You / read / a newspaper recently?
Answer :
Have you read a newspaper recently?
(ii) You / see / Ranjan in the past few days?
Answer :
Have you seen Ranjan in the past few days?
(iii) You / play / tennis recently?
Answer :
Have you played tennis recently?
(iv) You / eat / anything today?
Answer :
Have you eaten anything today?
(v) You / see/ any good films recently?
Answer :
Have you seen any good films recently?
Question 5.
Rewrite the following sentences putting the verbs into the present perfect continuous tense :
(i) I ………….. here since 1980. (live)
(ii) The dog …………..in front of the fire since tea time. (sit)
(iii) The fire ……………….all night. (burn)
(iv) They …………….for two hours. (study)
(v) It ……………. in Jaisalmer for more than a month. (rain)
Answer :
(i) have been living,
(ii) has been sitting,
(iii) has been burning,
(iv) have been studying,
(v) has not been raining.
Question 6.
Put ‘since’ or ‘for’ in the blank space :
(i) He has been living here………………….. 1992.
(ii) have not seen her …………. three days.
(iii) She has not spoken to me ……………. as long as I can remember.
(iv) I have not spoken Hindi …………. ten years.
(v) It has not rained in Jaisalmer ………….. more than a month.
Answer :
(i) since,
(ii) for,
(iii) for,
(iv) for,
(v) for.
Question 7.
Put the verb in past continuous form:
(i) I …………. a book when Rakhi came in. (read)
(ii) The sun ………….. when we went out. (shine)
(iii) When I got up it ……………….. heavily. (rain)
(iv) We ……………… in Indore when the riots broke out. (live)
(v) When I arrived at her house she …………………… (sleep)
Answer :
(i) was reading,
(ii) was shining,
(iii) was raining,
(iv) were living,
(v) was sleeping.
Question 8.
Put the verb in correct form (past indefinite or past continuous):
(i) While Aparna. (cook) the dinner, the phone. (ring).
(ii) Anurag Led…(fall) off the ladder while he was appaint).
(iii) Last night I …………….. (head’) in bed while suddenly I ……….. (hear) a loud screamatebing.
(iv) Wlue (you watch) television when I hone. (phone) you?
(v) Rakhi has warwalt) for me when I was wentarive).
Answer :
(i) was cooking, rang,
(ii) fell, was painting,
(iii) was reading, heard,
(iv) Were you watching, phoned,
(v) was waiting, arrived.
Question 9.
Put the verb incorrect form (past perfect)
(i) Most of my friends were no longer there. They …………(leave).
(ii) The local cinema was no longer open. It has…….(close) down.
(iii) Mr. Karki was no longer alive. He ……………… (die)
(iv) I did not recognize Mrs. Karki. She ………………. (change) a lot.
(v) Ranjan no longer had his car. He ……………… (sell) it.
Answer :
(i) had left,
(ii) had closed,
(ii) had died,
(iv) had changed,
(v) had sold.
Question 10.
Read the situation and then write a sentence by using the words given in brackets :
(i) The two boys came into the house. One had a black eye and the other had a cut (they / fight)
(ii) Anurag was watching television. He was feeling very tired. (he / study / hard all day)
(iii) Rakhi woke up in the middle of the night. She was frightened and she did not know where she was. (she / dream)
(iv) Anurag and Parag came into house. They had a football and they were both tired. (they/ play / football)
(v) When she walked in the room, it was empty. But there was a smell of cigarettes. (somebody / smoke/ in the room)
Answer :
(i) They had been fighting,
(ii) He had been studying hard all day,
(iii) She had been dreaming,
(iv) They had been playing football,
(v) Somebody had been smoking in the room.
Question 11.
Put the verb in correct form (past continuous or past perfect continuous):
(i) When I arrived, Kavita………………(wait) for me. She was rather annoyed with me because I was late and she ………………… (wait) for a very long time.
(ii) Anurag was on his hands and knees on the floor. He ………………. (look) for his mathematics book.
(iii) When I arrived, everyone was sitting round the table with their mouths full. They …………… (eat).
(iv) I tried to catch Ranjan but could not. He ………………… (run) very fast.
(v) Parag was leaning against the wall, out of breath. He ……………(run).
Answer :
(i) was waiting, had been waiting,
(ii) had been looking,
(iii) had been eating,
(iv) was running,
(v) had been running.
Question 12.
Use ‘shall’ or ‘will’ in the blanks spaces to complete the Future tense :
(i) I …………………….go home in half an hour.
(ii) They ……………start for Indore day after tomorrow.
(iii) We all ……………..die one day.
(iv) I am now sixteen, so in one year’s time I ………………be seventeen.
(v) Neha ………………………ask Vikas questions.
Answer :
(i) shall,
(ii) will,
(iii) shall,
(iv) shall,
(v) will.”
Question 13.
Change the following sentences into the ‘going to form of future:
(i) Vinay will leave tomorrow for Raipur, (Imp)
(ii) Where will he stay? (M. P. 2013)
(iii) Aparna will wait for him there.
(iv) He will write letters all the afternoon.
(v) Vikas will lend him the money.
Answer :
(i) is going to leave,
(ii) is he going to stay,
(iii) is going to wait,
(iv) is going to write,
(v) is going to lend.
Question 14.
Put the verbs in brackets into the form of Future continuous tense :
(i) When you arrive I probably (do) my homework.
(ii) Neha (have) breakfast at this time tomorrow.
(iii) When you next see me I (wear) my new dress.
(iv) This time next month I (work) on my next book.
(v) You (do) mensuration next term.
Answer :
(i) I shall probably be doing my homework,
(ii) will be having,
(iii) I shall be wearing,
(iv) shall be working,
(v) will be doing.
Question 15.
(A) Put the verbs in brackets into the Future perfect tense form:
(i) In a year’s time we (take) our degree.
(ii) By tomorrow evening Aparna (finish) reading this book.
(iii) By the end of December she (be) of seventeen years.
(iv) In twenty minutes I (finish) this job.
(v) By this time next year he (save) Rs. 500.
Answer :
(i) we shall have taken,
(ii) Aparna shall have finished,
(iii) shall have been,
(iv) shall have finished,
(v) will have saved.
(B) Fill in the blanks using correct words given in the brackets :
(i) Imet ………….. European. (a, an, the)
(ii) Shina sits ……………. Leela and Radha. (with, between, among)
(iii) Rakhi refused ……………. me and money. (gave, given, to give)
(iv) There isn’t ……………. water in the drum. (some, any)
(v) She will be ill ……………. she eats too much. (if, but)
Answer :
(i) a,
(ii) between,
(iii) to give,
(iv) some,
(v) if.
(C) Do as directed :
(i) The girls serve in the shop. The girls are the owner’s daughters. (Rewrite using ‘who’ and relative’ clause)
(ii) My little son heard the noise and woke up. (Rewrite using ‘participle’ gerund)
(iii) I taught him English. (Change the voice)
(iv) My mother said to me. “I am cooking your favorite dish today.” (Change the narration)
(v) The weather is too hot to go outside. (Change into adverbial clause of reason and rewrite the sentences)
Answer :
(i) The girl who serves in the shop is the owner’s daughter.
(ii) Hearing the noise my little son woke up.
(iii) He was taught English by me.
(iv) My mother told me that she was cooking my favorable dish that day.
(v) The weather is so hot that one cannot go outside.
Conditional Tenses
I. The Form
There are two clauses in conditional sentences; as :
(a) The ‘if'(or unless) clause and
(b) The result clause.
e.g., Neha will help Kavita if she needs help.
II. The Use
The great care must be taken in choosing the verbs in a the-if clause and the ‘result clause. There are three principal types of conditional sentences in English:
(a) Future conditions are stated in present tense.
For example :
(a) What will you do if you don’t pass in the examination?
(b)Present conditions are stated in the past tense. The result clause include one of the model auxiliaries would, could or might. He would come if you waited.
(c) Past conditions are stated in the past perfect tense. The result clause includes would, could or might and is expressed in the present tense.
For example :
If Neha had studied hard she would have passed.
III. ‘If’ and ‘Unless’
Like ‘if’, ‘unless’ also introduces conditional clauses. It means “if not’. The verb forms are the same as in the ‘if ‘clauses except that negative becomes affirmative and affirmative becomes negative. Like the ‘if ‘clauses the “unless’ clauses may proceed or follow independent clauses.
For example :
Unless she goes to another college, Neha wouldn’t transfer.
Question 16.
Complete the following sentences choosing the correct verb forms:
(i) I will stay here for two years if ………………….
(ii) I will work hard next year if
(iii) I will take another English course if ………..
(iv) She would not get her college if…
(v) You can’t get right answer to the problem if.
Answer :
(i) you desire,
(ii) I do not pass the examination,
(iii) I do not get improvement in my English,
(iv) she waited for her friends,
(v) you do not exert.
Question 17.
Complete the following sentences by adding a result clause :
(i) If it rains tomorrow …….
(ii) If I were late to class ………………. .
(iii) If I had a good job ……..
(iv) If I don’t get time to rest today
(v) If I hadn’t known any English ………….
(vi) If my brother didn’t help me ……..
Answer :
(i) I will not go to office,
(ii) I would miss the lecture,
(iii) I would marry,
(iv) I shall get ill,
(v) I would have learnt it,
(vi) I would fail.
Question 18.
Supply the correct tense of the verbs in brackets :
(i) She will be ill if she (eat) too much.
(ii) If you (ring) the bell, the servant will come.
(iii) What would happen if the clouds (burst)?
(iv) If they had waited, they (find) me.
(v) The old man (be killed) if the bus hadn’t stopped quickly.
(vi) Vinay should have come yesterday if he (have) nothing to do.
(vii) I would have come sooner if I (know) that you were at home.
(viii) It would not be possible for me to finish my work if you (not stop) this nonsense.
Answer :
(i) eats,
(ii) ring,
(iii) burst,
(iv) would have found,
(v) would have been killed,
(vi) had,
(vii) had known,
(viii) do not stop.
Question 19.
Make sentences from the table below to match the clues. The clues are given in same order as the sentences to be made from the table. The first one is done for you :
1. The bus came at last (Matching sentence: We had been waiting for it for an hour.)
2. The workers decided to go on strike yesterday.
3. Mohini showed me a sweater.
4. Mr. Jain was transferred from Mumbai to Kolkata.
5. Fatima got the first rank in the examination.
Answer :
2. They had been demanding a rise in their wages.
3. She had been knitting it for two months.
4. He had been working in Mumbai for five years.
5. She had been working hard for this success.
Question 20.
Make sentences from the table ‘Bto match the sentences under ‘A’. The first one is done for you :
‘A’
1. The half yearly examination will be held in December (The class will have completed ten lessons by then).
2. Come at 8 o’clock for your dinner.
3. The fire engines will take at least half an hour to get here.
4. You can reach the railway station by ten.
5. How can you expect the tailor to give you your suit next Monday?
6. How can I hope to buy a house after retirement?
7. We nu doubt have some debts.
Answer :
2. I shall have cooked the dinner by then.
3. The five will have destroyed all the huts by then.
4. The train will not have left by that time.
5. He will not have made it by then.
6. I shall not have saved enough money for a house.
7. But we shall have paid them off by the end of the year.
II. Articles and Determiners
Nouns either occur alone (Man is mortal) or with an article (A man came to meet me). The noun can be preceded by an adjective. In such case article comes before the adjective.
e.g., He is a good man not, He is good a man.
Sometimes in place of articles we use words like my, this, each, every etc., such words are called determiners.
e.g., This is my book.
Determiners can be divided into two groups :
Group A:
a, an, the. my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their, one’s.
whose, there, these, that, those.
Group B:
some, any, no. each, every, either, neither. much, many, more, most, little, less, least. few, fewer, fewest, enough, several. all, both, half. what, whatever, which, whichever.
Some rules regarding the use of determiners :
(a) If Group ‘A’ determiners have to be used with Group ‘B’ determiners of’ should be used.
For example :
Some of the people.
Some of my friends.
Most of the time.
(b) Before of ‘none’ should used as negation.
None of my friend.
and not, No of friends.
(c) Leave out of after all, both and half.
e.g., all (of) his relatives.
Both (of) my friends.
(d) Group ‘B’ determiners can also be used alone, that is without nouns or pronouns.
e.g., Neither of them.
Most of us.
The Uses of Articles
‘A’, “an’ and ‘the’ are called articles. Articles are used before nouns. ‘A’ and ‘an’ are indefinite articles and the’ is the definite article.
I. ‘A’, ‘An’Indefinite Article
‘a’ and ‘an’ are the two forms of the same word.
| Rule | Example |
| 1. Use ‘a’ before a word which with a consonant sound. 2. Use ‘an’ before a word which begins with a vowel sound. |
1. A professor, a house, a student, a book, a graduate, a European, a University. 2. An author, an honor, an egg, an undergraduate, an M. A., an M. P. |
II. “The Definite Article
(i) ‘The’ is used to identify a person or thing just mentioned.
e.g., I see a boy on the road.
The boy is going to school.
(ii) “The’ is used with a singular noun which are only one of their kind.
e.g., The moon is not in the sky today.
(iii) “The’ is used with a singular noun when we speak of the whole class of that thing.
e.g., The lion is a fierceful animal.
(iv) “The’ is used with names of seas, mountains, rivers, deserts, etc..
e.g., The Atlantic.
(v) “The’ is used before the names of musical instruments.
e.g., The piano.
(vi) The’ is used before the names of languages, countries.
e.g., The Netherland,
The English language.
(vii) ‘The’ is used with superlative adjectives and adverbs.
e.g., Neha is the best student of her class.
(viii) ‘The’ is used before name of sects and political parties.
e.g., The Arya Samaj,
The Congress.
(ix) ‘The’ is used as cardinal numbers.
e.g., The third boy of the class.
(x) With the names of season ‘the’ is optional. We can say, In spring or In the spring.
Question 1.
Use ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’ where necessary :
(i) Vikas thinks that this is quite …………….cheap hotel. (ii) There was …………….. knock on ……………….door. (111) …………………….small man in ……………grey suit was on …………… door. (iv) There was collision between ………………. car and ………………. scooter oni
…………… cross roads. (v) You must give him ………………food and ……………..cup of tea.
Answer :
(i) a, (ii) a, the, (iii) a, a, the, (iv) a, a, the, (v) no article, a.
Question 2.
Fill ‘some’ or ‘any’ in the blank spaces where required. Tell where both are possible :
(i) I want …………. fresh mangoes; have you …………….?
(ii) I asked him for …………. money; but he hadn’t ……….. so
(iii) Put ……… …. sugar in your coffee; the servant hasn’t put …………..
(iv) Do you have ……relatives in America?
(v) There are 1.667…….very lazy students in this class.
(vi) We do not know if there are ……….. survivors of the plane crash.(M.P. 2013)
Answer :
(i) some; any,
(ii) some; any,
(iii) some; any,
(iv) any,
(v) some,
(vi) any.
Question 3.
Use “each’ or ‘every’ in the following sentences. Note where both are possible
(i) Nearly ………………. home in Indore has television.
(ii) Not ………………… student is capable of learning Greek.
(iii) Our institute will give ……………. of you a scholarship of Rs. 200.
(iv) They seem to be repairing ………………… road in Bhopal.
(v) ………….. floor of the assembly house has its own fire extinguisher.
Answer :
(i) every,
(ii) every,
(iii) each,
(iv) every,
(v) each/every.
Question 4.
Fill in the blanks with ‘much’ and ‘many’ as required
(i) There were not ………… people present in the meeting.
(ii) Are there ………………… books available on this subject?
(iii) There is not …………… water in Ganga this year.
(iv) …………….. of what he says is wrong.
(v) How ……………. time have you been in Agra?
Answer :
(i) many,
(ii) many,
(iii) much,
(iv) much,
(v) much.
Either and Neither
Either is used before a singular noun to mean ‘one or the other.’ Neither is negative form of either and is also used before singular noun.
Question 5.
Supply ‘either’ or ‘neither :
(i) You cannot use those vegetables …………….. of them is suitable for consumption.
(ii) “When shall we meet, at 7 or at 7.30”. “I do not mind ………………… time is suitable for me.”
(iii) ………………. your mother or your father is on telephone.
(iv) I know you sent two letters. But we have received Uutis. Dul we nave received ……………. of them.
(v) I do not like ………………. of these books.
(vi) ………………. of my sons is a doctor. (M.P. 2013)
Answer :
(i) neither,
(ii) either,
(iii) either,
(iv) neither,
(v) either,
(vi) Neither.
Few and Little
Few suggest a “small number as against many’, it has a negative meaning.
e.g., We hired a large hall, but few spectators turned up.
A few suggests small number as against none, ‘The meaning more like some.’
Little means hardly any. It has a negative meaning.
e.g., He drinks little wine.
A little suggests ‘some quantity as against none.’ It has a positive meaning.
e.g.,
(i) There is little hope of his recovery.
(ii) A little grain they had was damaged by water.
Question 6.
Fill in the blanks with ‘little’ or ‘few’:
(i) ………….. precaution is necessary in handling that machine.
(ii) ………….. information he had was not reliable.
(iii) He showed …………. mercy to the vanquished.
(iv) ………….. knowledge is always dangerous.
(v) He showed …………. concern for his nephew.
(vi) ………….. persons can keep secret.
(vii) ………….. Parsees write Gujrati correctly.
(viii)…………… men are free from faults.
(ix) …………. friends he had were all poor.
(x) ………… towns in India have libraries.
Answer :
(i) Little,
(ii) The little,
(iii) little,
(iv) A little,
(v) little,
(vi) Few,
(vii) A few,
(viii) Few,
(ix) The few,
(x) Few.
III. Prepositions A preposition shows the relationship of a noun to the rest of the sentence.
Question 1.
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with appropriate prepositions :
(i) I recognised him …………. his beard.
(ii) They were married…………………..1992.
(iii) Children don’t go to school ……………. Sundays.
(iv) Eggs are sold ………………. dozens.
(v) They received us ……………… great gusto.
(vi) I often pass ………………… this house.
(vii) We had to walk ………………..ten miles.
(viii) Let us meet …………… the railway station.
(ix) She works ……………. the office opposite the public library.
(x) He went ………….the post office and bought some stamps.
(xi) It is five minutes …………………….. five.
(xii) I paid ten rupees ………… this book.
(xiii) When do I get a train…………………. Raipur?
(xiv) Have you got a key……………………. this lock? (xv) Who gave this………………you?
Answer :
(i) by,
(ii) in,
(iii) on,
(iv) by,
(v) with,
(vi) by,
(vii) about,
(viii) at,
(ix) in,
(x) to,
(xi) to,
(xii) for,
(xiii) for,
(xiv) to,
(xv) to.
Question 2.
Fill in the blanks with preposition :
(i) Sita sits ………….. Leela and Radha.
(ii) Line A and B are parallel……….. each other.
(iii) I have eaten nothing …………. yeșterday.
(iv) What can he do …………. die?
(v) ………… his family all other relatives were also present there.
(vi) He killed two birds …………. one shot.
(vii) He will join school …………… tomorrow.
(viii)…………… being fined, he was sentenced to a term of imprisonment.
(ix) All is lost………….honour.
(x) Jaunpur is famous…………. its perfume.
(xi) The workers are protesting …………. the cut in their wages. (M.P. 2013)
Answer :
(i) between,
(ii) to,
(iii) since,
(iv) but,
(v) besides,
(vi) with,
(vii) from,
(viii) “..ides,
(ix) but,
(x) for,
(xi) for.
Question 3.
Fill in the blanks with preposition :
(i) Silkworms feed ………….. mulberry tree.
(ii) Alcohol is injurious………….. health.
(iii) Marshall Foch covered himself……………glory.
(iv) Early rising is beneficial………………health.
(v) He is too miserly to part……………. money.
(vi) A policeman rescued the child …………………. danger.
(vii) Dogs have antipathy ………….. cats.
(viii) The hotel is adjacent ………….. the station.
(ix) The bridge is …………. the river.
(x) He has no capacity …………..Sustained work.
Answer :
(i) on,
(ii) to,
(iii) with,
(iv) for,
(v) with,
(vi) from,
(vii) with,
(viii) te,
(ix) over,
(x) for
Question 4. Fill in the blanks with prepositions :
(i) What is the time ………. your watch.
(ii) Some people are very sensitive ………. criticism.
(iii) The godown is infested with… rats.
(iv) My brother is weak …….. Mathematics.
(v) The battle resulted ……. a victory.
(vi) We should all aima …… excellence.
(vii) He is dependent. ….. his parents.
(viii) He is devoid …… sense.
(ix) Silkworms feed ………….. mulberry trees.
(x) Oil is good. …. burns.
Answer :
(i) by,
(ii) to,
(iii) with,
(iv) at,
(v) in,
(vi) at,
(vii) on,
(viii) of,
(ix) on,
(x) for.
IV. Modals or Auxiliary Verb
The following are called modal verbs in English :
can, could, may, might, must, will, would, shall, should and ought.
e.g., He might know her address.
Questions and negatives are made without do.
e.g., Can you swim?
After modal auxiliary verbs the infinitive is used without to (ought, is an exception).
e.g., ‘I must remember to write to Vikas.
1. The uses of ‘can’.
“Can’ is the most important verb in English to show ability.
2. Could is used as the past tense form of ‘can’ in reported speech.
3. The use of ‘will’.
‘Will’expresses future plan, promise or agreement.
4. The use of ‘would’.
Polite request for action in the immediate or distant future, is expressed by would.
5. The uses of ‘shall’.
With first and third person, shall is used to express wishes or opinion of the person who is addressed.
6. The uses of ‘should’.
Negative opinions of advisability, past or present, are expressed by should.
7. The uses of ‘ought.
Ought is used to express desirability, moral obligation and duties. It can indicate present or future time.
8. The uses of ‘may’.
The chief use of may is for expression of permission. e.g., You may leave now.
9. The uses of ‘might’.
Might is used to indicate a future possibility if this is looked upon as remote or uncertain.
10. The uses of ‘must’.
“Must’ indicates an obligation, a necessity, which usually comes from outside.
Question 1.
Complete the following sentences using the appropriate verb form in brackets and the expressions ‘must’ or ‘cannot’:
(i) They are not serious, are they? They (joke).
(ii) It (be) Vikas. I am sure it was really Vinay who did it.
(iii) How do you think he is? He (be) in his early, forties.
(iv) How old do you think he is? He (be) more than forty at the most.
(v) I know it was true. He (lie).
(vi) He is joking. He (be) serious.
Answer :
(i) They must be joking,
(ii) It cannot be Vikas,
(iii) He must be in his early forties,
(iv) He cannot be more than forty at the most,
(v) He must have been lying,
(vi) He cannot be serious.
Question 2.
Underline modal in the following sentences :
(i) My brother will leave for Mumbai tomorrow.
(ii) She can sing beautifully.
(iii) He will report for job next Friday.
(iv) He will never tell a lie.
(v) Can I go to see Radha today?
(vi) May I take today’s leave?
(vii) I would rather have a glass of water than sharbat.
(viii) Our plans should be ready by now.
(ix) He might be late due to the trains.
(x) Could you show me the way to city town hall, please?
(xi) There must be some mistake in the planning of ship.
(xii) You need not feel sorry about it.
(xiii) You ought to go and see hiin.
(xiv) Ram used to be a very obedient child at one time.
(xv) I dare not go to Laurence house because of his big dog.
Answer :
(i) will,
(ii) can,
(iii) will,
(iv) will,
(v) Can,
(vi) May,
(vii) would,
(viii) should,
(ix) might,
(x) Could,
(xi) must,
(xii) need,
(xiii) ought,
(xiv) used to,
(xv) dare.
Question 3.
Fill in the blanks with suitable modals :
(i) You must be leaving now. I…………… meet you at the station. (Future)
(ii) He ………………. not pay unless compelled to. (Future)
(iii) You ……………… be punctual. (Duty)
(iv) He said I …………………..use his phone any time. (Permission)
(v) If you step on a snake it………………….bite you. (Prediction)
(vi) Every morning Rahim……………………say his Namaz. (Habitual activity)
(vii) You .. …………….take care of children along with there need. (Duty)
(viii) He is a good orator and …………………. keep his audience glued to their seats.
(Talent) (ix) You …………………not hide from them. (Obligation)
(x) I ………………………. rather go for a walk than by car. (Preference)
Answer :
(i) shall,
(ii) will,
(iii) must,
(iv) may,
(v) may,
(vi) use to,
(vii) must,
(viii) should,
(ix) must,
(x) may.
V. Non-finite
I. Infinitive
The infinitive is the basic form of verb. It is uninflected, i.e., it has no-ing or s or -ed forms that indicate a verb’s grammatical functions. It simply conveys the idea of the action of the verb without limitations of a person, number or mood.
Question 1.
Complete the following sentences with a suitable verb:
(i) Rakhi refused. ……….. me any money.
(ii) Vikas has decided not ………………… a car.
(iii) The thief entered the house because I forget. ………… the window.
(iv) Do not forget ……………….. the letter I gave you.
(V) He joined school to learn ……………… a car.
Answer :
(i) to give,
(ii) to purchase,
(iii) to close,
(iv) to post,
(v) to drive.
Question 2.
Complete the following sentences with a to -infinitive :
(i) Not many people can afford.
(ii) I would like to learn …………….
(iii) One day I hope …………….
(iv) I would not dare ………………
(v) Sometimes I tend ………………..
Answer :
(i) to buy a car,
(ii) to drive a car,
(iii) to be a teacher,
(iv) to challenge him,
(v) to envy you.
Question 3.
Underline infinite verb in the following sentences or convert it into gerund:
(i) They always find fault with me.
(ii) He wants to buy a new house.
(iii) Order him to go there.
(iv) You need not do it.
(v) l.found him look for a house.
(vi) Shekhar by experience he was ill.
(vii) I heard his name called twice.
Answer :
Underline the words,
(i) find,
(ii) buy,
(iii) go,
(iv) do,
(v) look,
(vi) experience,
(vii) call.
II. Gerund
Gerunds are non-finite verb forms ending in -ing which function as noun. The follow ing are the functions of a gerund :
(a) As the subject of a verb : Smoking is injurious to health Seeing is believing.
(b) As the object of transitive verb:
Rakhi likes seeing pictures.
Neha likes talking to her friends.
(c) As the object of a preposition :
Kavita is fond of reading novels.
I am interested in enjoying the singing of the bird.
(d) As a complement of the verb :
Seeing is believing.
What is harmful in smoking?
Here are some rules for the use of gerunds :
(a) Whenever a verb is used after a preposition or a phrasal verb the gerund form is used:
Neha is good at playing badminton.
Neha is good at to play tennis.
Vikas is thinking of taking a new course.
She insisted on seeing her.
He was accused of smuggling.
(b) Some expressions ending in ‘to’ take gerund form:
We looked forward to working with him.
They are used to playing bridge.
(c) Some transitive verbs, which take noun objects, also take gerunds as subjects :
She avoided meeting her mother.
Anurag hates writing homework.
(d) Gerunds are required after the following commonly used verbs :
Admire, admit, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, await, comment, upon, complete, can’t help, count on, depend on, deplore, disapprove of, discuss, dispense with, encourage, en dorse, enjoy, escape from, evaluate, examine, finish, give up, go on, guard against, inquire into, joke about, justify, long for, neglect, postpone, react against, reflect on, think about, succeed in, wonder about.
(e) The following verbs are commonly followed by the infinitive and not the gerund:
Aim, agree, appear, arrange, aspire, beg, care, choose, consent, decide, expect, fail, learn, look, manage, mean, need, plot, promise, prepare, refuse, resolve, seem, struggle, undertake, wait, wish, yearn.
He decided to become a doctor.
(not, He decided becoming a doctor.)
(f) While referring to a past action gerund can be used :
He accepted having left without permission.
His having left the job without permission went against him.
Question 4.
Underline gerund in the following sentences :
e.g., He is fond of swimming.
(i) Making plan is in hand.
(ii) Hunting tiger is a favourite sports of man.
(iii) Children love making mud castles.
(iv) He rushed into the field and foremost fighting fell.
(v) He wears a worried look.
Answer :
Underline the words :
(i) blinded,
(ii) misspent,
(iii) creaking,
(iv) fighting,
(v) worried.
Question 7.
Combine the sentences by using participles :
(i) Spring advancing. The swallows appear.
Answer :
When spring advances the swallows appear.
(ii) Being a very hot day. I remained in my tent.
Answer :
It being a very hot day I remained in my tent.
(iii) Entering the room. The light was quite dazzling.
Answer :
Entering the room I found the light quite dazzling.
(iv) The porter opened the gate. We entered.
Answer :
When the porter opened the gate we entered.
(v) We started early. We arrived at noon.
Answer :
As we had started early we arrived at noon.
(vi) Having done his lesson he went out to play.
Answer :
After doing his lesson he went out to play.
(vii) He hurts his foot. He stopped walking.
Answer :
Hurting his foot he stopped walking.
(viii) He felt tired. He stopped his work.
Answer :
Feeling tired he stopped his work.
(ix) He had done his lesson. He went out to play. (M.P. 2013)
Answer :
Having done his lesson, he went out to play.